Photovoltaic device surface self-cleaning method based on phase change energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic device surface self-cleaning method based on phase change energy, which is characterized in that heat of a photovoltaic panel is absorbed by using a phase change material, and a cleaning device is pushed to move on the surface of the photovoltaic panel by using the volume expansion effect of the phase change material in the phase change process so as to realize self-cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic device. According to the invention, waste heat of the photovoltaic device can be better utilized to realize self-cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic panel, so that the photovoltaic panel is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic device cleaning, and in particular to a photovoltaic device surface self-cleaning method based on phase change energy. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic devices are power generation devices that absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. As non-renewable energy sources are gradually depleted in today's society, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and green energy source, has become an important source of electricity. The core component of a photovoltaic device is the photovoltaic panel located on the surface, which is used to receive sunlight and convert energy. Therefore, the reduction in the cleanliness of its surface will directly affect the decline in the efficiency of photoelectric conversion and utilization. This problem is particularly prominent in some areas with severe air pollution or high levels of wind, sand and dust, and the surface of the photovoltaic device needs to be cleaned frequently. However, the traditional manual cleaning method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is not suitable for large-scale production and application of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] In the prior art, some technologies rely on cleaning devices to achieve self-cleaning of the surface of photovoltaic devices, such as a photovoltaic panel surface cleaning device disclosed in CN202020457438.3, a photovoltaic panel surface cleaning device disclosed in CN202420375440.4, a photovoltaic panel cleaning device disclosed in CN202322396593.5, etc. However, these photovoltaic cleaning devices all use electricity as a power source to start the cleaning equipment, which consumes electricity and has a high cost. In addition, the electrical components are easily aged and damaged by sunlight, and have a short lifespan.

[0004] Phase change material refers to a substance that can change its state and provide latent heat without changing the temperature. Phase change material can generate a large amount of energy during phase change transformation. Since photovoltaic devices have certain requirements for the temperature environment during photoelectric conversion, if the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is too high, the photoelectric conversion efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, some existing photovoltaic devices use phase change materials. The heat storage and release properties of phase change materials are used to improve the temperature environment of the photovoltaic device and assist in improving the photoelectric or photothermal conversion efficiency. However, in the process of changing from liquid or solid to gas, the volume of the phase change material will expand greatly, and the volume expansion rate can reach hundreds of times. Therefore, the applicant considers that if the volume expansion phenomenon of the phase change material phase change process can be utilized, the waste heat can be better utilized to achieve the purpose of automatically cleaning the photovoltaic panel. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a photovoltaic device surface self-cleaning method based on phase change energy that can better utilize the waste heat of the photovoltaic device to achieve self-cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface and make it more energy-efficient.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A self-cleaning method for the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy, characterized in that a phase change material is used to absorb heat from a photovoltaic panel, and its volume expansion effect is used during its phase change process to push a cleaning device to move on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic device.

[0007] In this way, the method uses phase change materials to absorb the heat of photovoltaic panels and convert it into kinetic energy to clean the surface of photovoltaic panels without consuming excess electrical energy. At the same time, the phase change material absorbs the heat of photovoltaic panels and can also control and reduce the peak temperature of photovoltaic panels, which is conducive to maintaining a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, achieving the effect of controlling the photoelectric conversion efficiency and absorbing waste heat for utilization.

[0008] Furthermore, the phase change material is a solid-gas phase change material or a liquid-gas phase change material.

[0009] In this way, after absorbing heat and changing phase to gasification, it has a larger volume expansion rate.

[0010] Furthermore, the present method is implemented by a photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change material, the photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change material comprising a cleaning device and a power device, the cleaning device comprising a long strip brush handle located above the photovoltaic panel, the lower surface of the brush handle being provided with bristles in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the brush handle having a rotating end and being mounted vertically downward on a rotating shaft, characterized in that the power device comprises a trigger end chamber located on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, a phase change capsule being arranged in the trigger end chamber, the phase change capsule comprising a phase change material located inside, and also comprising an elastic skin arranged to wrap the phase change material, the power device also comprising an action end chamber surrounding the rotating shaft, the trigger end chamber and the action end chamber being connected through a fluid channel, the action end chamber being used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate through the action of a fluid filled in the fluid channel when the phase change capsule expands.

[0011] In this way, when the cleaning system is used, the phase change capsule is located on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, which can absorb the residual heat of the photovoltaic panel. When the short temperature reaches the phase change temperature of the phase change material in half a day, the phase change material begins to change phase, expands in volume and does work, pushing the fluid in the fluid power chamber channel outward, causing it to act on the shaft and drive the shaft to rotate, thereby driving the cleaning device to rotate on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface. At the same time, the setting of the phase change material can also effectively control the peak temperature of the photovoltaic panel, so that it has better photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0012] Furthermore, the phase change temperature range of the phase change material is 10-40°C.

[0013] In this way, phase change capsules with different phase change temperatures can be replaced in different seasons, so that the system can be applicable in all seasons and complete the self-cleaning of the photovoltaic device.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic leather is made of latex material.

[0015] In this way, the cost is low and the elastic deformation is high.

[0016] Furthermore, the trigger end chamber is provided with an opening for replacing the phase change capsule, and an openable sealing hole cover is installed on the opening.

[0017] In this way, it is more convenient to replace the phase change capsule.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel has multiple rows of heat dissipation fins that are convexly arranged, and the trigger end chamber is multiple and is arranged between each row of heat dissipation fins.

[0019] In this way, the heat of the photovoltaic panels can be better extracted, the panels can be cooled, and the phase change capsules can be helped to absorb heat.

[0020] Furthermore, the action end chamber is a vertical cylindrical shape, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed at the axial position of the action end chamber, and a fixed partition plate and a movable partition plate are arranged in the radial direction of the action end chamber. The outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the fixed partition plate are fixed to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end and the rotating shaft are rotatably arranged, the outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the movable partition plate are slidably arranged to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the end of the fluid channel is connected between the back side of the movable partition plate (referring to the opposite side of the movement direction during operation) and the fixed partition plate.

[0021] In this way, after the phase change capsule in the trigger end chamber expands, it can push the movable partition plate to rotate through the action of the fluid in the fluid channel, and then drive the rotation of the shaft to achieve cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0022] Further, the active end chamber is obtained from the inner cavity of a vertical cylindrical container. This is convenient for implementation.

[0023] Furthermore, an arc-shaped limit slide groove is concavely arranged on the inner wall of the outer periphery of the action end chamber in the circumferential direction, and the angle of the arc of the limit slide groove is 90 degrees. A limit slider is also convexly arranged on the outer side surface of the movable partition plate. The limit slider can be slidably installed in the limit slide groove. A return spring is also installed in the limit slide groove. One end of the return spring abuts against the end wall of the limit slide groove, and the other end abuts against the limit slide and makes the limit slide be located at the starting end close to the fixed partition plate position in the initial state. The photovoltaic panel is square, and the brush handle is located at the side edge of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel in the initial state, and the rotating shaft is located at one side edge of the side of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the outer end of the brush handle away from the rotating shaft to rotate downward.

[0024] In this way, the brush handle only needs to be rotated 90 degrees, from the upper end of the photovoltaic panel to the side where the shaft is located, to achieve surface cleaning of most areas of the photovoltaic panel. After cleaning, when the temperature of the phase change capsule drops at night and the phase change is restored and contracted, the reset spring can drive the movable partition plate to quickly reset. In this way, the shaft only needs to be rotated 90 degrees when working, which is more convenient for the control of the movement process and the design of the component structure.

[0025] Furthermore, a water outlet pipe is laterally arranged at the outer position of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel, and a water discharge outlet is arranged on the lower surface of the water outlet pipe corresponding to the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel. The water outlet pipe is connected to the side wall of the active end chamber through an outlet pipe and is located in the area between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate. A water inlet pipe is also connected to the area on the side wall of the active end chamber located between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate. A water inlet check valve is installed on the water inlet pipe, and the outer end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the bottom of a clean water storage container.

[0026] In this way, the clean water storage container replenishes water in the area between the rotation end of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate in the action end chamber, so that when the movable partition plate rotates, the clean water can be squeezed out from the water outlet to achieve cleaning with the brush, thereby better improving the cleaning effect of the photovoltaic panel.

[0027] Furthermore, the fluid in the fluid channel is water.

[0028] In this way, the fluid on both sides of the movable partition plate is water, which greatly reduces the dynamic sealing requirements for the movable partition plate.

[0029] Furthermore, the clean water storage container is also externally connected to a water supply pipe connected to the municipal water pipe network, and a water level control valve is installed at the inlet of the water supply pipe.

[0030] In this way, the water supply pipe can supply water to the water storage container and control the water level, so that after the movable partition plate is reset, water can be supplied to the chamber at the active end, and the water level reaches the water level at the location of the water outlet pipe. During implementation, the water level control valve can be a float valve or an electric control valve controlled by a capacitive water level sensor, both of which are existing conventional technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] Furthermore, at least the front end section of the brush handle is an elastic section made of elastic material, and a first magnetic block is also arranged on the elastic section at the outer end of the brush handle. A second magnetic block that engages with the first magnetic block is also fixedly arranged at a corresponding position near the side edge of the upper edge of the photovoltaic panel.

[0032] In this way, when the brush handle is in the initial state, the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block are attracted and fixed. When working, the temperature of the phase change capsule gradually reaches and exceeds the phase change temperature, the phase change material begins to gradually vaporize, and the movable partition plate gradually begins to rotate. At this time, the water outlet pipe begins to discharge water, and the brush handle produces a hysteresis effect by relying on the attraction of the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block. After a period of time, the vaporization rate of the phase change material increases, and after the suction force of the magnetic block is less than the tension of the elastic section, the brush handle rotates downward again, and the outer end of the brush handle is thrown outward and stretched under the action of centrifugal force. Therefore, waiting for the water to flow out for a period of time to soak the surface of the photovoltaic panel before starting the brush handle can better improve the cleaning effect. At the same time, after the brush handle is stretched, it is thrown outward with the help of centrifugal force and inertia, which can improve the cleaning effect of the brush handle on the dead corner position diagonally opposite the lower end of the photovoltaic panel.

[0033] In summary, the present invention can better utilize the waste heat of the photovoltaic device to achieve self-cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface, making it more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change materials used in the present invention, in which the brush handle is in an initial state when not working.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle brush handle in the working rotation process.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the separate cleaning device and the power device.

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cylindrical container used solely for forming an active end chamber.

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A top view of the cylindrical container after being horizontally cut through the limiting slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Implementation method: A self-cleaning method for the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy, which is characterized in that a phase change material is used to absorb heat from a photovoltaic panel, and its volume expansion effect is used during its phase change process to push a cleaning device to move on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic device.

[0042] In this way, the method uses phase change materials to absorb the heat of photovoltaic panels and convert it into kinetic energy to clean the surface of photovoltaic panels without consuming excess electrical energy. At the same time, the phase change material absorbs the heat of photovoltaic panels and can also control and reduce the peak temperature of photovoltaic panels, which is conducive to maintaining a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, achieving the effect of controlling the photoelectric conversion efficiency and absorbing waste heat for utilization.

[0043] Wherein, the phase change material is a solid-gas phase change material or a liquid-gas phase change material.

[0044] In this way, after absorbing heat and changing phase to gasification, it has a larger volume expansion rate.

[0045] The method is implemented by a photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change materials, wherein the photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change materials is described in detail in Figure 1-Figure 6 , including a cleaning device and a power device, the cleaning device includes a long brush handle 2 located above the photovoltaic panel 1, the lower surface of the brush handle 2 is provided with bristles 3 that are in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the brush handle 2 has a rotating end and is vertically downwardly mounted on a rotating shaft 4, and its characteristic is that the power device includes a trigger end chamber 5 located on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, a phase change capsule 6 is arranged in the trigger end chamber 5, the phase change capsule 6 includes a phase change material located inside, and also includes an elastic skin that wraps the phase change material, the power device also has an action end chamber 8 surrounding the outside of the rotating shaft, the trigger end chamber 5 and the action end chamber 8 are connected through a fluid channel 9, and the action end chamber 8 is used to drive the rotating shaft 4 to rotate through the action of the fluid filled in the fluid channel 9 when the phase change capsule expands.

[0046] In this way, when the cleaning system is used, the phase change capsule is located on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, which can absorb the residual heat of the photovoltaic panel. When the short temperature reaches the phase change temperature of the phase change material in half a day, the phase change material begins to change phase, expands in volume and does work, pushing the fluid in the fluid power chamber channel outward, causing it to act on the shaft and drive the shaft to rotate, thereby driving the cleaning device to rotate on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface. At the same time, the setting of the phase change material can also effectively control the peak temperature of the photovoltaic panel, so that it has better photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0047] Wherein, the phase change temperature range of the phase change material is 10-40°C.

[0048] In this way, phase change capsules with different phase change temperatures can be replaced in different seasons, so that the system can be applicable in all seasons and complete the self-cleaning of the photovoltaic device.

[0049] Wherein, the elastic leather is made of latex material.

[0050] In this way, the cost is low and the elastic deformation is high.

[0051] The trigger end chamber is provided with an opening for replacing the phase change capsule, and an openable sealing hole cover 10 is installed on the opening.

[0052] In this way, it is more convenient to replace the phase change capsule.

[0053] The lower surface of the photovoltaic panel has multiple rows of heat dissipation fins 11 that are convexly arranged, and the trigger end chambers 5 are multiple and are arranged between the rows of heat dissipation fins 11.

[0054] In this way, the heat of the photovoltaic panels can be better extracted, the panels can be cooled, and the phase change capsules can be helped to absorb heat.

[0055] Among them, the action end chamber 8 is a vertical cylindrical shape, the rotating shaft 4 is rotatably installed at the axial position of the action end chamber 8, and a fixed partition plate 12 and a movable partition plate 13 are arranged in the radial direction in the action end chamber. The outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the fixed partition plate 12 are fixed to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end and the rotating shaft 4 are rotatably arranged. The outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the movable partition plate 13 are slidably arranged to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end is fixed on the rotating shaft 4. The end of the fluid channel 9 is connected between the back side of the movable partition plate (referring to the opposite side of the movement direction during operation) and the fixed partition plate.

[0056] In this way, after the phase change capsule in the trigger end chamber expands, it can push the movable partition plate to rotate through the action of the fluid in the fluid channel, and then drive the rotation of the shaft to achieve cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0057] The active end chamber 8 is obtained from the inner cavity of a vertical cylindrical container 14. This is convenient for implementation.

[0058] Among them, an arc-shaped limiting groove 15 is concavely arranged on the inner wall of the outer circumference of the action end chamber 8 in the circumferential direction, and the arc angle of the limiting groove 15 is 90 degrees. A limiting slider 16 is also convexly arranged on the outer side of the movable partition plate. The limiting slider 16 can be slidably installed in the limiting groove 15, and a return spring 17 is also installed in the limiting groove. One end of the return spring 17 abuts on the end wall of the terminal end of the limiting groove, and the other end abuts on the limiting slider so that the limiting slider is located at the starting end close to the fixed partition plate position in the initial state. The photovoltaic panel 1 is square, and the brush handle is located at the upper side of the photovoltaic panel in the initial state, and the rotating shaft is located at one side edge of the upper side of the photovoltaic panel. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the outer end of the brush handle away from the rotating shaft to rotate downward.

[0059] In this way, the brush handle only needs to be rotated 90 degrees, from the upper end of the photovoltaic panel to the side where the shaft is located, to achieve surface cleaning of most areas of the photovoltaic panel. After cleaning, when the temperature of the phase change capsule drops at night and the phase change is restored and contracted, the reset spring can drive the movable partition plate to quickly reset. In this way, the shaft only needs to be rotated 90 degrees when working, which is more convenient for the control of the movement process and the design of the component structure.

[0060] Among them, a water outlet pipe 18 is also horizontally arranged at the outer position of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel 1, and a water discharge outlet 19 is arranged on the lower surface of the water outlet pipe 18 corresponding to the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel. The water outlet pipe 18 is connected to the side wall of the active end chamber through a water outlet pipe 20 and is located in the area between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate. A water inlet pipe 21 is also connected to the area between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate on the side wall of the active end chamber. A water inlet check valve 22 is installed on the water inlet pipe 21, and the outer end of the water inlet pipe 21 is connected to the bottom of a clean water storage container 23.

[0061] In this way, the clean water storage container replenishes water in the area between the rotation end of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate in the action end chamber, so that when the movable partition plate rotates, the clean water can be squeezed out from the water outlet to achieve cleaning with the brush, thereby better improving the cleaning effect of the photovoltaic panel.

[0062] Wherein, the fluid in the fluid channel 9 is water.

[0063] In this way, the fluid on both sides of the movable partition plate is water, which greatly reduces the dynamic sealing requirements for the movable partition plate.

[0064] The clean water storage container 23 is also externally connected to a water supply pipe 24 connected to the municipal water pipe network, and a water level control valve is installed at the inlet of the water supply pipe 24.

[0065] In this way, the water supply pipe can supply water to the water storage container and control the water level, so that after the movable partition plate is reset, water can be supplied to the chamber at the active end, and the water level reaches the water level at the location of the water outlet pipe. During implementation, the water level control valve can be a float valve or an electric control valve controlled by a capacitive water level sensor, both of which are existing conventional technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] Among them, at least the front end section of the brush handle 2 is an elastic section 25 made of elastic material, and a first magnetic block 26 is also arranged on the elastic section 25 at the outer end of the brush handle. The upper edge of the photovoltaic panel is also fixedly provided with a second magnetic block 27 that is attracted to the first magnetic block near one side.

[0067] In this way, when the brush handle is in the initial state, the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block are attracted and fixed. When working, the temperature of the phase change capsule gradually reaches and exceeds the phase change temperature, the phase change material begins to gradually vaporize, and the movable partition plate gradually begins to rotate. At this time, the water outlet pipe begins to discharge water, and the brush handle produces a hysteresis effect by relying on the attraction of the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block. After a period of time, the vaporization rate of the phase change material increases, and after the suction force of the magnetic block is less than the tension of the elastic section, the brush handle rotates downward again, and the outer end of the brush handle is thrown outward and stretched under the action of centrifugal force. Therefore, waiting for the water to flow out for a period of time to soak the surface of the photovoltaic panel before starting the brush handle can better improve the cleaning effect. At the same time, after the brush handle is stretched, it is thrown outward with the help of centrifugal force and inertia, which can improve the cleaning effect of the brush handle on the dead corner position diagonally opposite the lower end of the photovoltaic panel.

Claims

1. A method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy, characterized in that: Phase change materials are used to absorb heat from photovoltaic panels, and their volume expansion effect is used during the phase change process to push the cleaning device to move on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic device.

2. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material is a solid-gas phase change material or a liquid-gas phase change material.

3. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present method is implemented by a photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change material, the photovoltaic device cleaning system based on phase change material comprises a cleaning device and a power device, the cleaning device comprises a long strip brush handle located above the photovoltaic panel, the lower surface of the brush handle is provided with bristles in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the brush handle has a rotating end and is vertically downwardly mounted on a rotating shaft, characterized in that the power device comprises a trigger end chamber located on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, a phase change capsule is arranged in the trigger end chamber, the phase change capsule comprises a phase change material located inside, and also comprises an elastic skin that wraps the phase change material, the power device also comprises an action end chamber surrounding the outside of the rotating shaft, the trigger end chamber and the action end chamber are connected through a fluid channel, the action end chamber is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate through the action of the fluid filled in the fluid channel when the phase change capsule expands.

4. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phase change temperature range of the phase change material is 10-40° C.; the elastic leather is made of latex material.

5. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trigger end chamber is provided with an opening for replacing the phase change capsule, and an openable sealing hole cover is installed on the opening.

6. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower surface of the photovoltaic panel is provided with multiple rows of heat dissipation fins which are convexly arranged, and the trigger end chamber is multiple and is arranged between each row of heat dissipation fins.

7. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The action end chamber is a vertical cylindrical shape, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed at the axial position of the action end chamber. A fixed partition plate and a movable partition plate are arranged in the radial direction of the action end chamber. The outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the fixed partition plate are fixed to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end and the rotating shaft are rotatably arranged. The outer end and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the movable partition plate are slidably arranged to the inner wall of the action end chamber, and the inner end is fixed on the rotating shaft. The end of the fluid channel is connected between the back side of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate.

8. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The active end chamber is obtained from the inner cavity of a vertical cylindrical container; An arc-shaped limit slide groove is concave in the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the outer periphery of the active end chamber, and the angle of the arc of the limit slide groove is 90 degrees. A limit slider is also convexly provided on the outer side surface of the movable partition plate. The limit slider can be slidably installed in the limit slide groove. A return spring is also installed in the limit slide groove. One end of the return spring abuts against the end wall of the terminal end of the limit slide groove, and the other end abuts against the limit slide slider so that the limit slide slider is located at the starting end close to the fixed partition plate position in the initial state. The photovoltaic panel is square. The brush handle is located at the side edge of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel in the initial state, and the rotating shaft is located at one side edge of the side of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the outer end of the brush handle away from the rotating shaft to rotate downward.

9. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: A water outlet pipe is also arranged horizontally at the outer position of the upper end of the photovoltaic panel, and a water discharge outlet is arranged on the lower surface of the water outlet pipe corresponding to the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel. The water outlet pipe is connected to the side wall of the chamber at the active end through the water outlet pipe and is located in the area between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate. A water inlet pipe is also arranged in the area between the rotation end point of the movable partition plate and the fixed partition plate on the side wall of the chamber at the active end. A water inlet check valve is installed on the water inlet pipe, and the outer end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the bottom of a clean water storage container.

10. The method for self-cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic device based on phase change energy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fluid in the fluid channel is water; The clean water storage container is also connected to the outside with a water supply pipe connected to the municipal water pipe network, and a water level control valve is installed at the inlet of the water supply pipe; At least the front end section of the brush handle is an elastic section made of elastic material, and a first magnetic block is also arranged on the elastic section at the outer end of the brush handle. A second magnetic block that is attracted to the first magnetic block is also fixedly arranged at a corresponding position near one side of the upper edge of the photovoltaic panel.

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