Four-terminal perovskite crystal silicon laminated battery assembly and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a four-terminal perovskite crystal silicon laminated battery assembly and a preparation method thereof. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon laminated battery assembly comprises a perovskite battery layer and a crystalline silicon battery layer which are laminated, the perovskite cell layer comprises a plurality of perovskite cell units, any two perovskite cell units are connected in parallel, and the orthographic projection areas of any two perovskite cell units on the crystalline silicon cell layer are equal; the crystalline silicon cell layer comprises a crystalline silicon cell string, and the crystalline silicon cell string is connected in parallel with any perovskite cell unit. According to the invention, the problem in the prior art that the number of modules is difficult to select in string design in a photovoltaic power station due to current mismatch of the four-terminal perovskite crystal silicon cell laminated module is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite battery assemblies, and in particular to a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, a method for preparing the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a method for preparing the photovoltaic assembly. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell technology is an emerging and popular solar technology, which is based on the continuous pursuit of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. Traditional single-junction solar cells are limited by the Shockley-Queisser theoretical limit, and their efficiency is generally between 20% and 30%. In order to break through this limitation, researchers have proposed the concept of tandem solar cells, which is to stack solar cell materials with different band gaps to more effectively utilize different wavelengths in the solar spectrum, thereby improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] Perovskite materials are ideal for building high-efficiency tandem solar cells due to their adjustable bandgap width, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, and low preparation cost. In particular, the bandgap of perovskite materials can be adjusted through chemical composition to match the spectral characteristics of sunlight to achieve more efficient photoelectric conversion. Crystalline silicon solar cells have been widely used in the commercial market due to their mature process and high stability. Therefore, combining perovskite materials with crystalline silicon cells to form perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells can fully utilize the advantages of both and achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0004] However, due to differences in material properties, the output voltages of perovskite cells and crystalline silicon cells may be different. For example, perovskite cells may be designed to work under weaker light, while crystalline silicon cells perform better under strong light. This difference may cause the output voltage of the upper perovskite cell of the perovskite / crystalline silicon stacked solar cell to be lower than the voltage of the lower crystalline silicon cell string. In addition, in the design of photovoltaic systems, the solar cell modules in photovoltaic power stations are usually connected in series to form a string, and the voltage of the string needs to match the input voltage of the inverter.

[0005] When the voltages of the perovskite cells and crystalline silicon cell strings of a perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell are inconsistent, the designer must decide whether to design the string based on the lower voltage of the perovskite cells or the higher voltage of the crystalline silicon cells. If the design is based on the lower voltage, the inverter may not be able to fully utilize the full output of the crystalline silicon cells; if the design is based on the higher voltage, the perovskite cells may not reach their optimal working state, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the entire system.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, perovskite / crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked cells have been widely studied because they avoid the current mismatch problem of two-terminal stacked cells. However, the perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked components have two sets of positive and negative electrodes, and the current and voltage output by the two sets of electrodes are quite different, which makes it difficult for designers to determine how many components each string in the photovoltaic power station should contain when using them in real photovoltaic power stations. For example, if the designer determines the number of components based on the voltage of the crystalline silicon cell, the perovskite cell may not be able to achieve its maximum efficiency because the voltage does not match. Conversely, if the design is based on the voltage of the perovskite cell, the crystalline silicon cell may not work in the best condition. In addition, the four-terminal stacked cell divides the overall power of the component into two parts, which will occupy more of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) access branches of the inverter, reducing the utilization efficiency of the inverter. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, a method for preparing a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly and a method for preparing a photovoltaic assembly, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to select the number of components in the string design of a photovoltaic power station due to the current mismatch of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon cell stacked assembly.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly comprising: a stacked perovskite battery layer and a crystalline silicon battery layer; the perovskite battery layer comprises a plurality of perovskite battery cells, any two perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, and the areas of the orthographic projections of any two perovskite battery cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal; the crystalline silicon battery layer comprises a crystalline silicon battery string, and the crystalline silicon battery string and any one of the perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel.

[0009] Optionally, the crystalline silicon cell string includes a plurality of crystalline silicon cells connected in series, and the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly further includes: a bypass diode and / or an anti-reverse diode, the bypass diode is connected in parallel with at least part of the crystalline silicon cells, and the anti-reverse diode is connected in series with the crystalline silicon cell string; wherein, in the case where the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes a bypass diode and an anti-reverse diode, the crystalline silicon cell string is connected in series with the anti-reverse diode and then connected in parallel with the bypass diode.

[0010] Optionally, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly further includes: a junction box, which integrates a bypass diode and / or an anti-reverse diode.

[0011] Optionally, the perovskite battery cell includes a plurality of sub-batteries connected in series, and the areas of the orthographic projections of any two sub-batteries on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal.

[0012] Optionally, the number of sub-cells in any two perovskite battery cells is equal.

[0013] Optionally, the number of crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is greater than the number of sub-cells in each perovskite cell unit.

[0014] Optionally, the number of crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is 1.5 times the number of sub-cells in each perovskite cell unit.

[0015] Optionally, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly further includes: a first busbar, through which the positive electrodes of any two perovskite battery cells are electrically connected; and a second busbar, through which the negative electrodes of any two perovskite battery cells are electrically connected.

[0016] Optionally, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly further includes: a return bar, wherein the positive electrode of one of any two crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the other crystalline silicon cell through the return bar.

[0017] Optionally, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly further includes: a hot melt adhesive film located between the perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing any one of the above-mentioned four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery components, the preparation method comprising: providing a crystalline silicon battery layer, the crystalline silicon battery layer comprising a crystalline silicon battery string; providing a perovskite battery layer, the perovskite battery layer comprising a plurality of perovskite battery cells, the areas of the orthographic projections of any two perovskite battery cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer being equal; connecting any two perovskite battery cells in parallel, and connecting the crystalline silicon battery string and any one perovskite battery cell in parallel.

[0019] Optionally, the method further includes the steps of preparing a perovskite battery cell: sequentially forming a conductive glass and a hole transport material layer on a substrate; performing a first laser scribing on the conductive glass and the hole transport material layer to form a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion spaced apart, wherein a first gap is provided between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion, and the first gap penetrates the hole transport material layer and the conductive glass to the substrate; forming a stacked perovskite material layer and an electron transport material layer on a side of the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion away from the substrate, and the perovskite material layer contacts the substrate through the first gap; performing a second laser scribing on the perovskite material layer and the electron ... A second gap of the second conductive part, the first gap and the second gap are alternately arranged; a top electrode material layer is formed on the side of the electron transport material layer away from the perovskite material layer, and the top electrode material layer contacts the second conductive part through the second gap; a third laser line is performed on the top electrode material layer to form a first perovskite unit and a second perovskite unit, and a third gap is provided between the first perovskite unit and the second perovskite unit, and the third gap runs through the top electrode material layer, the electron transport material layer and the perovskite material layer to the second conductive part; the perovskite battery cell includes a first conductive part and a first perovskite unit arranged in a stacked manner, or the perovskite battery cell includes a second conductive part and a second perovskite unit arranged in a stacked manner.

[0020] Optionally, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly includes a junction box, which integrates a bypass diode and an anti-reverse diode, connects any two perovskite battery cells in parallel, and connects a crystalline silicon battery string and any perovskite battery cell in parallel, including: electrically connecting the positive and negative electrodes of at least part of the crystalline silicon batteries in the crystalline silicon battery string to the positive and negative electrodes of the bypass diode, respectively, and then electrically connecting the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon battery string to the negative electrode of the anti-reverse diode; electrically connecting the positive electrode of the anti-reverse diode to the positive electrodes of multiple perovskite battery cells; and electrically connecting the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon battery string to the negative electrodes of multiple perovskite battery cells.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic module, comprising a stacked front glass panel, any one of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell modules as described above, a back glass panel and a hot-melt adhesive film, wherein the front glass panel and the back glass panel are respectively bonded to the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell module by hot-melt adhesive films.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described above is provided, the method comprising: placing a hot melt adhesive film on the back glass; using a first busbar to lead the positive and negative electrodes of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell module to the first opening and the second opening of the back glass respectively; placing a front glass on the side of the hot melt adhesive film away from the back glass to form a laminated part; placing the laminated part in a laminator for lamination to form a photovoltaic module.

[0023] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly is provided, including a stacked perovskite battery layer and a crystalline silicon battery layer. Among them, the perovskite battery layer includes a plurality of perovskite battery cells, any two perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, and the areas of the positive projections of any two perovskite battery cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal. It can be understood here that the perovskite battery layer is divided into a plurality of equal parts of perovskite battery cells, which means that the area of ​​the crystalline silicon battery string covered by each perovskite battery cell is consistent, so that when any two perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, the uniformity of light energy absorption and conversion can be improved. In addition, the crystalline silicon battery layer includes a crystalline silicon battery string, and the crystalline silicon battery string and any one perovskite battery cell are connected in parallel, that is, the voltage at both ends of the crystalline silicon battery string is equal to the voltage at both ends of any one perovskite battery cell, so that the entire four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly only needs two positive and negative lead wires to output current. Based on this, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly of the present application avoids the complex wiring and matching problems caused by multiple independent output terminals in the traditional four-terminal stacked components, making the string design of the photovoltaic power station more concise and standardized. Furthermore, the multiple perovskite battery cells of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly of the present application are matched with the voltage of the crystalline silicon battery string respectively, achieving voltage balance of the overall assembly, minimizing the internal current mismatch of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, thereby avoiding the efficiency loss caused by the voltage difference of different battery layers in the traditional perovskite crystalline silicon stacked components, simplifying the design of the string in the photovoltaic power station, and making the selection of the number of components more direct and effective. In addition, since the current mismatch problem between any two perovskite battery cells and the perovskite battery layer and the crystalline silicon battery layer is alleviated, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly can maintain a stable current output under a wider range of lighting conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of photovoltaic power station design and the applicability of components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite cell in a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a crystalline silicon cell string in a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 3A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a junction box integrated with a bypass diode and an anti-reverse diode in a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0029] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0030] 11. Back glass; 12. Hot melt adhesive film; 13. Crystalline silicon battery layer; 14. Perovskite battery layer; 15. Front glass; 21. Perovskite battery unit; 22. Bus bar; 23. First bus bar; 24. Second bus bar; 31. Crystalline silicon battery string; 32. Return bar; 33. First lead wire; 34. Second lead wire; 35. Third lead wire; 36. Fourth lead wire; 41. Bypass diode; 42. Anti-reverse diode; 43. First connection terminal; 44. Second connection terminal; 45. Third connection terminal; 46. Fourth connection terminal; 47. Negative connection terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so as to describe the embodiments of the present invention described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] As described in the background art, the output voltages of perovskite cells and crystalline silicon cells may be different due to differences in material properties. For example, perovskite cells may be designed to work under weaker light, while crystalline silicon cells perform better under strong light. This difference may cause the output voltage of the upper perovskite cell of the perovskite / crystalline silicon stacked solar cell to be lower than the voltage of the lower crystalline silicon cell string. In addition, in the design of photovoltaic systems, the solar cell modules in photovoltaic power stations are usually connected in series to form a string, and the voltage of the string needs to match the input voltage of the inverter. However, the traditional perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked module has two sets of positive and negative electrodes, and the current and voltage output by the two sets of electrodes are quite different, so that when it is used in a real photovoltaic power station, the designer will encounter difficulties in determining how many modules should be included in each string in the photovoltaic power station. In order to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to select the number of components in the string design of a photovoltaic power station due to the current mismatch of a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon battery stack assembly, the present application provides a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon battery stack assembly, a method for preparing a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon battery stack assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a method for preparing a photovoltaic assembly.

[0035] In some optional embodiments, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , provides a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, which includes: a stacked perovskite battery layer and a crystalline silicon battery layer; the perovskite battery layer includes a plurality of perovskite battery cells 21, any two perovskite battery cells 21 are connected in parallel, and the areas of the orthographic projections of any two perovskite battery cells 21 on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal; the crystalline silicon battery layer includes a crystalline silicon battery string 31, and the crystalline silicon battery string 31 and any one of the perovskite battery cells 21 are connected in parallel.

[0036] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the perovskite battery layer includes two perovskite battery units 21. At this time, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly includes two perovskite battery units 21 and one crystalline silicon battery string 31, and the two perovskite battery units 21 and one crystalline silicon battery string 31 are connected in parallel.

[0037] In the above implementation, if Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the perovskite battery layer is divided into multiple equal parts of perovskite battery cells 21, which means that the area of ​​the crystalline silicon battery string 31 covered by each perovskite battery cell 21 is consistent, so that when any two perovskite battery cells 21 are connected in parallel, the uniformity of light energy absorption and conversion can be improved. In addition, the voltage across the crystalline silicon battery string 31 is equal to the voltage across any one of the perovskite battery cells 21, so that the entire four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly only requires two positive and negative lead wires to output current. Based on this, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly of the present application avoids the complex wiring and matching problems caused by multiple independent output terminals in the traditional four-terminal stacked assembly, making the string design of the photovoltaic power station more concise and standardized. Furthermore, the multiple perovskite battery cells 21 of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly of the present application are matched with the voltage of the crystalline silicon battery string 31 respectively, so as to achieve voltage balance of the whole assembly, minimize the internal current mismatch of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, thereby avoiding the efficiency loss caused by the voltage difference of different battery layers in the traditional perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, simplifying the design of the string in the photovoltaic power station, and making the selection of the number of components more direct and effective. In addition, since the current mismatch problem between any two perovskite battery cells 21 and the perovskite battery layer and the crystalline silicon battery layer is alleviated, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly can maintain a stable current output under a wider range of lighting conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of photovoltaic power station design and the applicability of the assembly.

[0038] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the crystalline silicon cell string 31 includes a plurality of crystalline silicon cells connected in series, and the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly also includes: a bypass diode 41 and / or an anti-reverse diode 42, the bypass diode 41 is connected in parallel with at least part of the crystalline silicon cells, and the anti-reverse diode 42 is connected in series with the crystalline silicon cell string 31; wherein, in the case where the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes the bypass diode 41 and the anti-reverse diode 42, the crystalline silicon cell string 31 is connected in series with the anti-reverse diode 42 and then connected in parallel with the bypass diode 41.

[0039] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly may further include a junction box, so that the bypass diode 41 and / or the anti-reverse diode 42 may be integrated in the junction box.

[0040] Alternatively, if Figure 3 As shown, there are multiple bypass diodes 41 , and the multiple crystalline silicon cells of the crystalline silicon cell string include multiple parts. The multiple bypass diodes 41 correspond one-to-one to the multiple parts.

[0041] Exemplarily, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly only includes a bypass diode, and the bypass diode is connected in parallel with at least one crystalline silicon cell in the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0042] Exemplarily, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes three bypass diodes, and the three bypass diodes are connected in parallel with each one-third of the number of cells in the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0043] Exemplarily, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly only includes an anti-reverse diode, and the anti-reverse diode is connected in series with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0044] Exemplarily, in the case where a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes both an anti-reverse diode and a bypass diode, the anti-reverse diode is connected in series to the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string, one end of the bypass diode is electrically connected between the negative electrode of the anti-reverse diode and the positive electrode of at least one crystalline silicon cell in the crystalline silicon cell string, and the other end of the bypass diode is electrically connected to the negative electrode of at least one crystalline silicon cell in the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0045] Exemplarily, in the case where a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes both an anti-reverse diode and a bypass diode, the anti-reverse diode is connected in series to the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string, one end of the bypass diode is electrically connected between the positive electrode of the anti-reverse diode and the negative electrode of at least one crystalline silicon cell in the crystalline silicon cell string, and the other end of the bypass diode is electrically connected to the positive electrode of at least one crystalline silicon cell in the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0046] In the above embodiment, by connecting the bypass diode in parallel with at least part of the crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string, the output current of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly can bypass one or some of the crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string that are shaded or malfunctioning, thereby maintaining a relatively stable current output of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly. In addition, by connecting the anti-reverse diode in series with the positive or negative electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string, the perovskite cell layer in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly can be prevented from reversely charging the crystalline silicon cell layer, thereby significantly improving the stability and efficiency of the assembly under various lighting conditions.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the perovskite battery cell includes a plurality of sub-cells connected in series, and the orthographic projection areas of any two sub-cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal.

[0048] In the above embodiment, when the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes a plurality of perovskite battery cells connected in parallel, and each perovskite battery cell also includes a plurality of sub-cells connected in series, by setting the areas of the orthographic projections of any two sub-cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer to be equal, each sub-cell can be exposed to almost the same amount of light under the same light intensity, thereby generating similar currents, thereby maintaining the stability of the current output in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly.

[0049] Furthermore, the number of sub-cells in any two perovskite battery cells can be equal. The same number of sub-cells means that the current generated by each perovskite battery cell under light conditions will be more consistent, thereby improving the stability of current output in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery module.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, in order to achieve current matching between each perovskite battery cell and a crystalline silicon battery string, the number of crystalline silicon batteries in the crystalline silicon battery string is greater than the number of sub-batteries in each perovskite battery cell.

[0051] Exemplarily, the number of crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is 1.5 times the number of sub-cells in each perovskite cell unit.

[0052] Specifically, the number of sub-cells in the perovskite cell is calculated by measuring the Voc value of the crystalline silicon cell string under STC conditions after welding.

[0053] In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, since the perovskite material corresponding to the perovskite battery unit has good wide bandgap absorption characteristics and is suitable for absorbing short-wavelength light in the solar spectrum, and the crystalline silicon battery has a better absorption effect on long-wavelength light, by setting the number of crystalline silicon cells to 1.5 times the number of neutron cells in the perovskite battery unit, the crystalline silicon battery layer can be maximized in absorbing long-wavelength light. At the same time, the perovskite battery unit efficiently absorbs short-wavelength light, thereby jointly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery module.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, when any two perovskite battery cells 21 are connected in parallel, in order to simplify the circuit design in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly further includes a bus bar 22, and the bus bar 22 includes a first bus bar 23 and a second bus bar 24. Among them, the positive electrodes of any two perovskite battery cells 21 are electrically connected through the first bus bar 23, and the negative electrodes of any two perovskite battery cells 21 are electrically connected through the second bus bar 24.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly also includes a return bar 32, and the positive electrode of one of the two crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string 31 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the other crystalline silicon cell through the return bar 32. Based on this, the return bar 32 can provide a stable current path for the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, and allow the current to flow from the positive electrode of one crystalline silicon cell to the negative electrode of another crystalline silicon cell, forming a continuous circuit. In addition, multiple crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string can be firmly connected through the return bar 32, thereby improving the durability and reliability of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly.

[0056] For example, Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the crystalline silicon battery string 31 has a first lead 33, a second lead 34, a third lead 35 and a fourth lead 36, the first bypass diode 41 in the junction box has a first connection end 43 and a second connection end 44, the second bypass diode 41 in the junction box has a second connection end 44 and a third connection end 45, the third bypass diode 41 in the junction box has a third connection end 45 and a fourth connection end 46, and the anti-reverse diode 42 in the junction box has a fourth connection end 46 and a negative connection end 47. Then, when every third of the number of batteries in the crystalline silicon battery string 31 is connected in parallel to a bypass diode 41 in the junction box, the first lead 33 is welded to the first connection end 43, the second lead 34 is welded to the second connection end 44, the third lead 35 is welded to the third connection end 45, the fourth lead 36 is welded to the fourth connection end 46, the first busbar 23 is welded to the first connection end 43, and the second busbar 24 is welded to the negative connection end 47.

[0057] The perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly are usually assembled through a lamination process. In some optional embodiments, in order to laminate the perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer at a relatively low temperature and protect the perovskite cell layer from high temperature damage, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly also includes a hot melt adhesive film located between the perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer.

[0058] For example, in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, the hot melt adhesive film can be a POE adhesive film. It is understood that the POE adhesive film has high transparency and a low melting point and softening point.

[0059] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing any one of the above-mentioned four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery components, the preparation method comprising: providing a crystalline silicon battery layer, the crystalline silicon battery layer comprising a crystalline silicon battery string; providing a perovskite battery layer, the perovskite battery layer comprising a plurality of perovskite battery cells, the areas of the orthographic projections of any two perovskite battery cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer being equal; connecting any two perovskite battery cells in parallel, and connecting the crystalline silicon battery string and any one perovskite battery cell in parallel.

[0060] In the above implementation, by connecting the multiple perovskite battery cells connected in parallel of the perovskite battery layer and the crystalline silicon battery string of the crystalline silicon battery layer in parallel, the multiple perovskite battery cells are matched with the voltage of the crystalline silicon battery string respectively, so that the voltage of the formed four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly is balanced and its internal current mismatch is minimized, thereby avoiding the efficiency loss caused by the voltage difference between different battery layers in the traditional perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly, simplifying the design of the string in the photovoltaic power station, and making the selection of the number of components more direct and effective. In addition, since the current mismatch problem between any two perovskite battery cells and the perovskite battery layer and the crystalline silicon battery layer is alleviated, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly formed can maintain a stable current output under a wider range of lighting conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of photovoltaic power station design and the applicability of components.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the step of preparing a perovskite battery unit is further included: sequentially forming a conductive glass and a hole transport material layer on a substrate; performing a first laser scribing on the conductive glass and the hole transport material layer to form a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion spaced apart, wherein a first gap is provided between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion, and the first gap penetrates the hole transport material layer and the conductive glass to the substrate; forming a stacked perovskite material layer and an electron transport material layer on a side of the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion away from the substrate, and the perovskite material layer contacts the substrate through the first gap; performing a second laser scribing on the perovskite material layer and the electron ... A second gap from the material layer to the second conductive part, the first gap and the second gap are alternately arranged; a top electrode material layer is formed on the side of the electron transport material layer away from the perovskite material layer, and the top electrode material layer contacts the second conductive part through the second gap; a third laser line is performed on the top electrode material layer to form a first perovskite unit and a second perovskite unit, and a third gap is provided between the first perovskite unit and the second perovskite unit, and the third gap runs through the top electrode material layer, the electron transport material layer and the perovskite material layer to the second conductive part; the perovskite battery cell includes a first conductive part and a first perovskite unit arranged in a stacked manner, or the perovskite battery cell includes a second conductive part and a second perovskite unit arranged in a stacked manner.

[0062] Specifically, NiO can be sputtered in a magnetron sputtering device. x and annealing is performed after deposition to obtain the above-mentioned hole transport material layer with suitable performance.

[0063] Specifically, the width of the first gap after the first laser scribing may be 30 μm to 50 μm.

[0064] Optionally, a perovskite precursor liquid with a designed band gap between 1.67 and 1.75 eV is applied on the hole transport material layer by slit coating to prepare a wide band gap perovskite material, and then heated and annealed to obtain a perovskite material layer with a thickness of 300 nm to 500 nm.

[0065] Specifically, the material of the electron transport material layer can be C 60 In addition, C 60 It can be deposited by vacuum evaporation.

[0066] Optionally, before the step of forming the electron transport material layer and before the step of forming the second gap, the method for preparing the perovskite battery unit further includes: forming an interface modification layer on the side of the electron transport material layer away from the perovskite material layer. Exemplarily, the interface modification layer may be a BCP layer, and the thickness of the BCP layer is 5nm to 10nm. In addition, the BCP layer may be deposited by vacuum evaporation.

[0067] Specifically, the width of the second gap may be 30 μm to 50 μm.

[0068] Optionally, the top electrode material layer is made of copper, which can be deposited by vacuum evaporation. Exemplarily, the thickness of the top electrode material layer is 150 nm to 300 nm.

[0069] Specifically, the third gap is used to separate adjacent sub-cells of the perovskite cell, and the width of the third gap may be 30 μm to 50 μm.

[0070] Specifically, since the top electrode material layer in the first perovskite unit contacts the second conductive portion through the second gap, the perovskite battery cell corresponding to the first perovskite unit and the perovskite battery cell corresponding to the second perovskite unit are connected in series.

[0071] It is understandable that after the sub-cells of the perovskite cell are divided, the excess conductive glass and various layers of deposits can be removed by laser etching.

[0072] In some other optional embodiments, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly includes a junction box, and the junction box integrates a bypass diode and an anti-reverse diode. On the basis of connecting any two perovskite battery cells in parallel, and connecting the crystalline silicon battery string and any one perovskite battery cell in parallel, in order to prevent the perovskite battery layer in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly from reversely charging the crystalline silicon battery layer, and also making the output current of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly bypass one or some of the crystalline silicon batteries in the crystalline silicon battery string that are shaded or malfunctioning, the preparation method of the above-mentioned four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly also includes: electrically connecting the positive and negative electrodes of at least part of the crystalline silicon batteries in the crystalline silicon battery string to the positive and negative electrodes of the bypass diode respectively, and then electrically connecting the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon battery string to the negative electrode of the anti-reverse diode; electrically connecting the positive electrode of the anti-reverse diode to the positive electrodes of multiple perovskite battery cells; and electrically connecting the negative electrode of the crystalline silicon battery string to the negative electrodes of multiple perovskite battery cells.

[0073] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the present application also provides a photovoltaic module, including a stacked front glass panel 15, any one of the above-mentioned four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell modules (stacked crystalline silicon cell layers 13 and perovskite cell layers 14), a back glass panel 11 and a hot melt adhesive film 12, wherein the front glass panel 15 and the back glass panel 11 are respectively bonded to the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell module by the hot melt adhesive film 12.

[0074] Specifically, the preparation method of the photovoltaic module includes: placing a hot melt adhesive film on the back glass; using a first busbar to lead the positive electrode of the perovskite cell in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly to the first opening of the back glass, and using a second busbar to lead the negative electrode of the perovskite cell in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly to the second opening of the back glass (that is, the prepared perovskite cell is made into a lead-out line that can be led out to the opening of the back glass by means of a conductive tape and a busbar); using a reflux bar to lead the positive and negative electrodes of the crystalline silicon cell in the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly out of the third opening and the fourth opening of the back glass respectively (that is, the crystalline silicon cell string is made into a lead-out line that can be led out to the opening of the back glass by means of a reflux bar welding); placing the front glass on the side of the hot melt adhesive film away from the back glass to form a laminated part; placing the laminated part in a laminator for lamination to form a photovoltaic module.

[0075] Optionally, in the step of forming the laminated part, the lead wires of the perovskite cell and the crystalline silicon cell string are led out through the holes in the back panel glass; then the crystalline silicon cell string, the hot melt adhesive film (POE adhesive film), butyl adhesive of appropriate thickness (generally about 1 cm in width) pasted around the back panel glass, and the front panel glass with the perovskite cell deposited thereon are placed in sequence on the hot melt adhesive film (POE adhesive film) to form the laminated part.

[0076] Optionally, the above-mentioned laminated parts are placed in a laminator, the lamination temperature is set at 100° C.-120° C., and appropriate lamination time and temperature are set to perform component lamination.

[0077] Optionally, a bypass diode is connected in parallel to every one-third of the number of cells in the crystalline silicon cell string in the junction box, and then a series anti-reverse diode is connected to the positive or negative electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string, and finally the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite cell are connected in parallel to the crystalline silicon cell string.

[0078] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0079] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly is provided, including a stacked perovskite battery layer and a crystalline silicon battery layer. Among them, the perovskite battery layer includes a plurality of perovskite battery cells, any two perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, and the areas of the positive projections of any two perovskite battery cells on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal. It can be understood here that the perovskite battery layer is divided into a plurality of equal parts of perovskite battery cells, which means that the area of ​​the crystalline silicon battery string covered by each perovskite battery cell is consistent, so that when any two perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, the uniformity of light energy absorption and conversion can be improved. In addition, the crystalline silicon battery layer includes a crystalline silicon battery string, and the crystalline silicon battery string and any one perovskite battery cell are connected in parallel, that is, the voltage at both ends of the crystalline silicon battery string is equal to the voltage at both ends of any one perovskite battery cell, so that the entire four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly only needs two positive and negative lead wires to output current. Based on this, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly of the present application avoids the complex wiring and matching problems caused by multiple independent output terminals in the traditional four-terminal stacked components, making the string design of the photovoltaic power station more concise and standardized. Furthermore, the multiple perovskite battery cells of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly of the present application are matched with the voltage of the crystalline silicon battery string respectively, achieving voltage balance of the overall assembly, minimizing the internal current mismatch of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly, thereby avoiding the efficiency loss caused by the voltage difference of different battery layers in the traditional perovskite crystalline silicon stacked components, simplifying the design of the string in the photovoltaic power station, and making the selection of the number of components more direct and effective. In addition, since the current mismatch problem between any two perovskite battery cells and the perovskite battery layer and the crystalline silicon battery layer is alleviated, the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly can maintain a stable current output under a wider range of lighting conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of photovoltaic power station design and the applicability of components.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery component, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly comprises: A stacked perovskite cell layer and a crystalline silicon cell layer; The perovskite battery layer includes a plurality of perovskite battery units, any two of the perovskite battery units are connected in parallel, and the areas of the orthographic projections of any two of the perovskite battery units on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal; The crystalline silicon battery layer includes a crystalline silicon battery string, and the crystalline silicon battery string is connected in parallel with any one of the perovskite battery units.

2. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crystalline silicon cell string includes a plurality of crystalline silicon cells connected in series, and the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly also includes: A bypass diode and / or an anti-reverse diode, wherein the bypass diode is connected in parallel with at least part of the crystalline silicon cells, and the anti-reverse diode is connected in series with the crystalline silicon cell string; wherein, In the case where the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly includes the bypass diode and the anti-reverse diode, the crystalline silicon cell string is connected in series with the anti-reverse diode and then connected in parallel with the bypass diode.

3. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly also includes: A junction box is integrated with the bypass diode and / or the anti-reverse diode.

4. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The perovskite battery unit includes a plurality of sub-batteries connected in series, and the orthographic projection areas of any two of the sub-batteries on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal.

5. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The numbers of the sub-cells in any two of the perovskite battery cells are equal.

6. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is greater than the number of sub-cells in each of the perovskite battery units.

7. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is 1.5 times the number of the sub-cells in each of the perovskite battery units.

8. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly also includes: A first busbar, through which the positive electrodes of any two of the perovskite battery cells are electrically connected; A second busbar, the negative electrodes of any two of the perovskite battery cells are electrically connected via the second busbar.

9. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly also includes: A return bar, wherein the positive electrode of one of any two crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the other crystalline silicon cell through the return bar.

10. The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly also includes: The hot melt adhesive film is located between the perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer.

11. A method for preparing a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: Providing a crystalline silicon cell layer, wherein the crystalline silicon cell layer includes a crystalline silicon cell string; Providing a perovskite battery layer, the perovskite battery layer comprising a plurality of perovskite battery units, and the orthographic projection areas of any two of the perovskite battery units on the crystalline silicon battery layer are equal; Any two of the perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel, and the crystalline silicon battery string and any one of the perovskite battery cells are connected in parallel.

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The step of preparing the perovskite battery cell is also included: sequentially forming a conductive glass layer and a hole transport material layer on a substrate; Performing a first laser scribing on the conductive glass and the hole transport material layer to form a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion spaced apart from each other, wherein a first gap is provided between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion, and the first gap penetrates the hole transport material layer and the conductive glass to the substrate; A stacked perovskite material layer and an electron transport material layer are formed on the side of the first conductive part and the second conductive part away from the substrate, and the perovskite material layer is in contact with the substrate through the first gap; Performing a second laser scribing on the perovskite material layer and the electron transport material layer to form a second gap penetrating the electron transport material layer and the perovskite material layer to the second conductive portion, wherein the first gap and the second gap are alternately arranged; forming a top electrode material layer on a side of the electron transport material layer facing away from the perovskite material layer, wherein the top electrode material layer is in contact with the second conductive portion through the second gap; Performing a third laser scribing on the top electrode material layer to form a first perovskite unit and a second perovskite unit, wherein a third gap is provided between the first perovskite unit and the second perovskite unit, and the third gap penetrates the top electrode material layer, the electron transport material layer and the perovskite material layer to the second conductive portion; The perovskite battery cell includes the first conductive portion and the first perovskite unit which are stacked, or the perovskite battery cell includes the second conductive portion and the second perovskite unit which are stacked.

13. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly includes a junction box, the junction box integrates a bypass diode and an anti-reverse diode, and the preparation method also includes: The positive electrode and the negative electrode of at least part of the crystalline silicon cells in the crystalline silicon cell string are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the bypass diode respectively, and then the positive electrode of the crystalline silicon cell string is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the anti-reverse diode; Electrically connecting the positive electrode of the anti-reverse diode to the positive electrodes of the plurality of perovskite battery cells; The negative electrode of the crystalline silicon battery string is electrically connected to the negative electrodes of the plurality of perovskite battery units.

14. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It comprises a stacked front glass panel, a four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, a back glass panel and a hot-melt adhesive film, wherein the front glass panel and the back glass panel are respectively bonded to the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked cell assembly through the hot-melt adhesive film.

15. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 14, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: Place hot melt adhesive film on the back glass; The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the four-terminal perovskite crystalline silicon stacked battery assembly are led out to the first opening and the second opening of the back plate glass respectively by using the first busbar; Placing a front plate glass on a side of the hot melt adhesive film away from the back plate glass to form a laminated component; The member to be laminated is placed in a laminator for lamination to form the photovoltaic module.

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