Photovoltaic power generation module

Abstract

An optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: two input terminals connected to a battery string; a power conversion unit for converting power input via the input terminal; two output terminals connected to the other optimizer module or to the outside; and a control unit for controlling the power conversion unit in response to power input via the input terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to photovoltaic modules, and more particularly to photovoltaic modules in which an optimizer is individually connected to each string of photovoltaic cells. Background Art

[0002] Solar power generation is an environmentally friendly way of energy production that is replacing conventional chemical and nuclear power generation and is widely used. Solar power generation can be independent (where the battery is connected to the converter) or grid-connected (where it is connected to the power grid). Generally speaking, independent power generation consists of photovoltaic cells, batteries and power converters, while grid-connected systems are connected to commercial power sources and are configured to exchange power with load lines.

[0003] The maximum power point of a photovoltaic module varies depending on the amount of sunlight and temperature. To operate the solar cell at the maximum power point, an optimizer or module-level power electronics (MLPE) can be used to control maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at the module level.

[0004] A junction box is installed on the photovoltaic module to connect the photovoltaic module to an external line. In order to connect the optimizer to the photovoltaic module, a large amount of cables and labor are required. There is also a disadvantage in that a separate device must be installed to prevent electric shock on the photovoltaic module depending on the installation environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical Purpose

[0006] The technical challenge that the present invention seeks to solve is to provide a photovoltaic module in which an optimizer is individually connected to each photovoltaic cell string.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, an optimizer module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: a shell body; a shell cover covering the shell body; and an optimizer arranged inside the shell body, wherein the optimizer includes two input terminals and two output terminals.

[0009] Preferably, but not necessarily, the two input terminals may be connected to output terminals at both ends of the battery string, and the optimizer may include: a power conversion unit that converts the output power of the battery string; and a control unit that controls the power conversion unit according to the output power of the battery string.

[0010] Preferably, but not necessarily, the output terminal may be connected to another optimizer module or to the outside.

[0011] Preferably, but not necessarily, the output terminals may be connected in series when connected to another optimizer module.

[0012] Preferably, but not necessarily, the interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material.

[0013] Preferably, but not necessarily, the housing body and the housing cover may be formed of a waterproof structure.

[0014] Preferably, but not necessarily, the optimizer is attachable to and detachable from the housing body.

[0015] Preferably, but not necessarily, the optimizer may include a bypass unit connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

[0016] Preferably, but not necessarily, the optimizer may include an auxiliary power supply unit which generates auxiliary power using output power of the battery string.

[0017] In order to solve the above technical problems, a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: a photovoltaic panel including a plurality of battery strings; and a plurality of optimizer modules, respectively controlling the output power of each battery string, wherein the optimizer module includes one of the optimizer modules.

[0018] Preferably, but not necessarily, each of the optimizer modules may be spaced apart from each other and disposed in a region corresponding to each battery string.

[0019] Preferably, but not necessarily, each of the optimizer modules may be connected in series with each other through a connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel.

[0020] Preferably, but not necessarily, each of the optimizer modules may be connected to each other, or to optimizer modules of external or other photovoltaic modules, via a connection unit external to the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] In order to solve the above technical problems, an optimizer module according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: two input terminals connected to a battery string; a power conversion unit that converts power input to the input terminals; two output terminals connected to another optimizer module or an external source; and a control unit that controls the power conversion unit according to the power input to the input terminals.

[0022] Preferably, but not necessarily, the control unit may control the power conversion unit to maximize the output power of the battery string.

[0023] Preferably, but not necessarily, the power conversion unit may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter.

[0024] Preferably, but not necessarily, the power conversion unit may include a bypass unit connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

[0025] Preferably, but not necessarily, when a first current output from the power conversion unit is lower than a second current flowing through the output terminal, the bypass unit may be turned on.

[0026] Preferably, but not necessarily, the bypass unit may include a diode.

[0027] Preferably, but not necessarily, the bypass unit may include an auxiliary power supply unit which generates the auxiliary power using power input to the input terminal.

[0028] Preferably, but not necessarily, the auxiliary power supply unit can be operated in a buck mode or a boost mode.

[0029] In order to solve the above technical problems, a photovoltaic module according to a second embodiment of the present invention may include: a photovoltaic panel including multiple battery strings; and multiple optimizer modules, respectively controlling the output power of each of the battery strings, wherein the optimizer module includes one of the optimizer modules.

[0030] Preferably, but not necessarily, each of the above-mentioned optimizer modules may be spaced apart and disposed in an area corresponding to each battery string.

[0031] Beneficial Effects

[0032] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the number of cables used to connect a photovoltaic panel and an optimizer can be reduced, and work is facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining maximum power point tracking control.

[0035] Figure 3 is a block diagram specifying a relationship between a battery string and an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 Connections between optimizers according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0037] Figure 5 The location of each optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 6 An embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 An embodiment of an optimizer module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.10 is a perspective view of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.11 The interior of a housing of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Fig.12 The connection relationship of multiple optimizer modules according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0045] Fig.13 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Fig.14 The connection relationship of multiple photovoltaic modules according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] However, the present invention is not limited to the given exemplary embodiments described, but may be implemented in various different forms, and within the scope of the present invention, one or more components of the exemplary embodiments may be optionally combined or replaced between the embodiments.

[0049] In addition, unless clearly and specifically defined and described, the terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in the embodiments of the present invention should be interpreted as meanings that can be understood by technicians in the field to which the present invention belongs, and commonly used terms (such as terms defined in dictionaries) should be interpreted in consideration of their contextual meanings in the relevant field.

[0050] Furthermore, terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are intended to describe the embodiments rather than to limit the present invention.

[0051] In this specification, unless the context otherwise requires, the singular may include the plural, and a reference to "at least one (or more) of A and (or) B and C" may include one or more combinations of any combinations of A, B and C that can be combined.

[0052] In addition, the terms first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. may be used to describe the components of the embodiments of the present invention. Such terms are only intended to distinguish components from each other, and are not intended to limit the nature or order or sequence of such components by such terms.

[0053] In addition, when a component is described as being “connected,” “coupled” or “attached” to another component, it can include the case where the component is directly “connected,” “coupled” or “attached” to the other component as well as the case where the component is “connected,” “coupled” or “attached” to other components located between the component and the other component.

[0054] Furthermore, when described as being formed or disposed “above” or “below” each component, “above” or “below” includes not only a case where two components are in direct contact with each other, but also a case where one or more other components are formed or disposed between the two components. Furthermore, when expressed as “above” or “below”, the meaning of upward as well as downward relative to a single component may be included.

[0055] The variant examples according to the embodiments may include some configurations of each embodiment and some configurations of another embodiment. In other words, the variant examples may include one embodiment in the various embodiments, but omit some configurations and include some configurations corresponding to the omitted configurations in another embodiment. Or, it may be the other way around. The features, structures, and effects described in the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, and effects described in each embodiment may be combined or modified by a person of ordinary skill in the field to which the embodiments belong relative to other embodiments. Therefore, the contents related to such combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being within the scope of the embodiments.

[0056] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram used to explain maximum power point tracking control, Figure 3 is a block diagram specifying the relationship between a battery string and an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 shows the connection between optimizers according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 shows the location of each optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 An embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] A photovoltaic module (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a photovoltaic panel (110) and a plurality of optimizers (121, 122, 123).

[0058] The photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a module that converts the power generated by the photovoltaic panel into power suitable for a load or a battery. The photovoltaic module may be described as a solar module, a solar power module, or the like.

[0059] The photovoltaic panel (110) may include a plurality of cell strings. A solar cell that performs solar power generation may be described as a unit of a cell string in which a plurality of cells are connected in series.

[0060] The battery string may include at least one battery, and if the battery string includes a plurality of batteries, the plurality of batteries may be connected in series. The battery string may be a solar cell string including photovoltaic cells. The solar cell string may form a photovoltaic (PV) panel. The photovoltaic panel (110) may also be referred to as a solar panel or a solar PV panel. Solar cells generate electricity using the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect is the emission of electrons when light of a specific frequency or higher frequency strikes a specific metal material. A pn ​​junction is formed using a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor, and an electron generated by the photovoltaic effect is used to generate current to generate electricity. Solar cells are formed using silicon and may be formed in the form of a wafer. The solar cell is located on an exterior wall, a roof, or the like of a site or building that can receive sunlight well and generate electricity using sunlight. At this point, the solar cell may be formed as a BIPV (building integrated photovoltaics), which is formed as an integral part of a building.

[0061] Since the amount of power generated by a single solar cell is not sufficient for a load or power system, strings of solar cells can be connected in series instead of a single solar cell to form a solar cell string that generates power in a suitable size for use. A solar cell string can be a basic unit for generating electricity. Multiple basic units (cell strings) can be formed into panels to make solar power panels. Figure 2 As shown, a solar cell has different voltage-current characteristics depending on the amount of sunlight and temperature, and the maximum power point (MPP) also fluctuates. (Generated power = voltage x current).

[0062] A plurality of optimizers (121, 122, 123) controls the output power of each of the battery strings (111).

[0063] The optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention controls the photovoltaic cell to operate at a maximum power point (MPP), which is an operating point at which the photovoltaic cell generates a maximum amount of power under each condition. Here, the optimizer may include a module level power electronics (MLPE).

[0064] This is called maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the efficiency of solar power generation can be improved by using maximum power point tracking. In solar power generation, according to the characteristics of the relationship between current and voltage and the relationship between voltage and power, the maximum power can be about 80% of the maximum voltage rather than the power at the maximum voltage. Since the maximum power point keeps changing according to the magnitude of the voltage and current generated by the photovoltaic panel, it is necessary to constantly search for the point at which the maximum power point can be generated. In other words, the magnitude of the voltage and current can be changed to achieve the maximum power, rather than the maximum voltage. In other words, the voltage can be reduced and the current can be increased in the direction of increasing power, or the voltage can be increased and the current can be reduced.

[0065] In order to perform maximum power point tracking for multiple battery strings, it may be necessary to control each battery string separately. For example, if foreign objects interfere with light reception or a specific battery string is blocked, the power generation level may be different from the power generation level of other battery strings, so an operating mode for transforming the power output from the battery string and operations other than power conversion may be required. It may be necessary to output power directly without transforming it from the battery string, or to bypass the battery string. For each situation, a device with multiple operating modes is required, which can operate in the mode most suitable for the power output from each battery string. For example, the optimizer (121) can operate in multiple modes (including power conversion mode (first mode), input / output connection mode (second mode) and bypass mode (third mode)) to operate in the mode most suitable for each situation. In addition to the above-mentioned power conversion mode, input / output connection mode and bypass mode, other operating modes may also be included according to the design.

[0066] Each optimizer (121, 122, 123) may be spaced apart from each other and disposed in an area corresponding to each battery string (111, 112, 113). Each of the plurality of optimizers (121, 122, 123) is configured as an independent module, but may be disposed in an area corresponding to each of the battery strings (111, 112, 113) that perform maximum power point tracking in an area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (110). At this time, each of the plurality of optimizers (121, 122, 123) may be located at a position corresponding to an output terminal of each battery string (111, 112, 113). In order to control each battery string individually, if one optimizer is used, a large number of cables are required to connect each battery string and the optimizer, and work is required to connect the cables. The optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of optimizers (121, 122, 123), each of which is formed to individually control each battery string, but the optimizer (121) is set at a location separate from the battery string (111). Since cables are still required, the optimizer (121) can be located on the photovoltaic panel area where each battery string is located. This allows the optimizer (121) that is individually connected to and individually controlled by the battery string (111) to be directly connected, thereby reducing cable connections and facilitating operation.

[0067] The cell strings (111) must receive sunlight, so they are arranged on the first surface of the photovoltaic module (100), and each optimizer (121) can have a separately connected cell string (111) arranged on the second surface, which is the opposite surface of the first surface. On the second surface of the photovoltaic module (100), output terminals at both ends of the cell string (111) are led out, and the optimizer (121) is arranged at the position where the output terminals at both ends of the cell string (111) are led out, so that the output terminals can be directly connected to the input terminals of the optimizer.

[0068] The optimizer (121) may include input terminals (1211, 1212), output terminals (1213, 1214), a power conversion unit (1215) and a bypass unit (1216).

[0069] The input terminals (1211, 1212) may include two input terminals connected to output terminals at both ends of each battery string (111). Figure 3As shown, each battery string (111) can be connected in series with a plurality of solar cells (1111 to 1113), and the battery string (111) connected in series has two output terminals connected externally at both ends. At this time, the two output terminals can be connected to the second surface of the photovoltaic module (100). The output terminals at both ends of each of the above battery strings can be directly connected to the two input terminals (1211, 1212) of the optimizer and the optimizer itself. The two input terminals (1211, 1212) are respectively connected to the output terminals at both ends of the battery string (111), so that the two input terminals (1211, 1212) can receive the power generated by the battery string (111).

[0070] The output terminals (1213, 1214) are connected to another optimizer or the outside. The output terminals (1213, 1214) may also include two output terminals. If the optimizers can be connected in series and the corresponding optimizer is located between other optimizers, the two output terminals (1213, 1214) are respectively connected to two adjacent other optimizers. The outputs of multiple optimizers (121, 122) are connected in series to output maximum power to the outside. If the corresponding optimizer is located at a position corresponding to the output terminal output to the outside, one of the two output terminals (1213, 1214) is connected to an adjacent other optimizer, and the other is connected to the outside. Here, the outside is a structure located outside the photovoltaic module, which may be a power grid, a load, or a battery. Alternatively, the outside may be a power conversion device such as an inverter. The output of each optimizer is connected in series and output to the above-mentioned outside.

[0071] The output terminals (1213, 1214) connected to other optimizers can be connected via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). Figure 4As shown, the optimizer (121) can be connected to the photovoltaic panel (110) via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel when connected to another optimizer. The connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110) may include a bus bar or a cable. At this time, the output terminal can be directly connected to a bus bar or the like built into the photovoltaic panel (110). At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be led out to the second surface of the photovoltaic module (100) like the output terminals at both ends of the battery string. The connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be directly connected to the two output terminals (1213, 1214) of each of the above-mentioned optimizers inside the optimizer. At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be insulated and formed so that the battery string and the inside of the photovoltaic panel (110) are not electrically connected to each other. When the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, the connection location may be limited, but the connection can be made directly without a separate cable.

[0072] Alternatively, the output terminals (1213, 1214) connected to other optimizers or the outside can be connected via an external connection (132) instead of a connection built into the photovoltaic panel (110). When a connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, a conductor such as a cable is used, so the connection position or connection form can be freely realized. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, which increases the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or working environment, a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) or a connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) can be used.

[0073] The power conversion unit (1215) can convert the output power of each battery string (111) input through the above-mentioned input terminals (1211, 1212) and output it to the above-mentioned output terminals (1213, 1214). The power conversion unit (1215) can convert the voltage of the power of the battery string (111) and output it to the output terminals (1213, 1214). At this time, the power conversion unit (1215) can perform maximum power point tracking for each battery string (111). If some of the multiple battery strings generate a lower voltage than other battery strings due to shading, etc., it is necessary to output the voltage of the other battery strings as is without power conversion to reduce the voltage difference between each battery string, thereby reducing losses and improving efficiency. At this time, the power conversion unit (1215) of each optimizer can adjust the power conversion so that the voltages between the battery strings are equal.

[0074] The power conversion unit (1215) may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit (120) may include a DC-DC converter, which may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit (120) may be implemented as a buck converter, which reduces the voltage by including an upper switch, a lower switch, and an inductor. The power conversion unit (120) may also be implemented as a boost converter, which increases the voltage by including an inductor, an upper switch, and a lower switch, and as a buck-boost converter, which reduces or increases the voltage by including a first upper switch, a first lower switch, an inductor, a second upper switch, and a second lower switch. The capacitor may be connected in parallel to the input terminal and the output terminal of each converter.

[0075] The bypass unit (1216) is connected in parallel between the two output terminals (1213, 1214).

[0076] The bypass unit (1216) can create a bypass path at the output terminals (1213, 1214) that bypasses the connection to the input terminals (1211, 1212) of the power conversion unit (120) or the battery string (111). The bypass path can be created to pass other optimizers to the outside or another optimizer without performing power conversion. For example, when a fault occurs in a photovoltaic module including a battery string, or when no power is input to the power converter because the input terminals (1211, 1212) are not connected, the bypass unit (1216) can provide a bypass path. In addition, when a hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic panel, the bypass unit (1216) can also suppress heat generation by providing a bypass path for the output current to reduce the current value flowing through the photovoltaic panel. This prevents an increase in the amount of heat generated by an increase in the impedance of the photovoltaic panel when a current greater than the output current of the photovoltaic panel is forced to flow.

[0077] The power conversion unit (1215) or the bypass unit (1216) can be operated by the control unit, and the control unit can transmit a control signal to each structure to operate in the most appropriate mode according to information such as input / output voltage, current and temperature. It can also operate in a corresponding mode according to a control signal from an external control unit or a user input.

[0078] As explained previously, the optimizer that controls each battery string (111) individually is provided at the location of the corresponding battery string (111). Figure 5As shown. The photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a smart photovoltaic module (PV module) including a battery string optimizer, and may include at least one battery string (111) composed of at least one battery and a battery string optimizer electrically connected to each battery string. The output of the optimizer may be connected in series with another optimizer. As shown Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic module may include multiple battery strings and respective optimizers, and the multiple optimizers may be connected by conductors built into the photovoltaic panel when connected in series (connection #1). Alternatively, when connected in series (connection #2), the multiple optimizers may be connected via external conductors. The power generated by the optimizer may be output to an output terminal. The optimizer may change at least one parameter associated with the battery string to optimize the amount of power generated by the corresponding battery string. The optimizer may include at least one power conversion unit for optimizing the amount of power generated, and the power conversion unit may be configured as a buck converter, a boost converter, or a buck-boost converter. The optimizer may include a diode connected in parallel to the output terminal to optimize the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic module. To prevent electric shock, the optimizer may be used to block the voltage of each battery string. In addition, the photovoltaic module may include a conductor (cable) for connecting to another photovoltaic module. In addition, the optimizer may be electrically connected to an array consisting of multiple battery strings connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel. In other words, it may receive input from multiple battery strings instead of from a single battery string.

[0079] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 An embodiment of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figures 7 to 9 A detailed description of each structure corresponds to Figures 1 to 6 A detailed description of the photovoltaic module is given below, and the redundant description below will be briefly explained.

[0080] The optimizer module (200) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include input terminals (1211, 1212), a power conversion unit (1215), output terminals (1213, 1214) and a control unit (1217), and may include an auxiliary power supply unit (1218) and a bypass unit (1216).

[0081] The input terminals (1211, 1212) are connected to the battery string (111). Two input terminals may be included to be connected to both ends of the battery string (111). The output power of the battery string (111) may be input to the input terminals (1211, 1212). One of the input terminals (1211, 1212) may be connected to the (+) terminal of the battery string (111), and the other may be connected to the (-) terminal of the battery string (111).

[0082] The power conversion unit (1215) converts the power input to the input terminal (1211).

[0083] The power conversion unit (1215) converts the output power of each battery string (111) input through the above-mentioned input terminals (1211, 1212) and outputs it to the above-mentioned output terminals (1213, 1214). The power conversion unit (1215) can convert the voltage of the power of the battery string (111) and output it to the output terminals (1213, 1214). At this time, the power conversion unit (1215) can perform maximum power point tracking for each battery string (111). If some of the multiple battery strings generate a lower voltage than other battery strings due to shading, etc., it is necessary to output the voltage of the other battery strings as is without power conversion to reduce the voltage difference between each battery string, thereby reducing losses and improving efficiency. At this time, the power conversion unit (1215) of each optimizer can adjust the power conversion so that the voltages between the battery strings are equal.

[0084] The power conversion unit (1215) may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit (120) may include a DC-DC converter, and in this case, may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit (120) is composed of an upper switch, a lower switch and an inductor, and can be implemented as a buck converter that reduces voltage. In addition, the power conversion unit (120) can also be composed of an inductor, an upper switch and a lower switch, and implemented as a boost converter that increases voltage, and composed of a first upper switch, a first lower switch, an inductor, a second upper switch and a second lower switch, and implemented as a buck-boost converter that reduces voltage or increases voltage. The capacitor can be connected in parallel to the input terminal and the output terminal of each converter.

[0085] The output terminals (1213, 1214) are connected to another optimizer module or the outside.

[0086] The output terminals (1213, 1214) may also include two output terminals. If the optimizer module can be connected in series between the optimizer modules, and the optimizer module is located between other optimizer modules, the two output terminals (1213, 1214) can be connected to each of the two adjacent optimizer modules, and the outputs of the multiple optimizer modules can be connected in series to output maximum power to the outside. If the corresponding optimizer module is located at a position corresponding to the output terminal output to the outside, one of the two output terminals (1213, 1214) can be connected to another optimizer module adjacent to it, and the other can be connected to the outside. Here, the outside is a structure located outside the optimizer module, which can be a power grid, a load or a battery. Alternatively, the outside can be a power conversion device such as an inverter.

[0087] The control unit (1217) controls the power conversion unit (1215) according to the power input to the input terminal (1211). The control unit (1217) controls the power conversion unit (1215) to convert the power input to the input terminal (1211). The output power of the battery string (111) input to the input terminal (1211) is maximized, and the control unit (1217) can control the power conversion unit (1215). The control unit can transmit a control signal to each structure to operate in the most appropriate mode according to information such as input / output voltage, current and temperature. It can also operate in a corresponding mode according to a control signal from an external control unit or an input from a user.

[0088] The control unit (1217) can detect and monitor data from the input terminal side, the output terminal side and the optimizer module, and control the power conversion unit (1215) accordingly. For example, the control unit (1217) can detect the power of the battery string (111) input to the input terminal (1211), the output power or output current of the power conversion unit (1215), or the current flowing through the output terminal (1213). In addition, the control unit (1217) can control the auxiliary power unit (1218), the bypass unit (1216), etc.

[0089] The bypass unit (1216) may be connected in parallel between the two output terminals (1213, 1214).

[0090] The bypass unit (1216) can create a bypass path between the output terminals (1213, 1214) that bypasses the connection with the power conversion unit (1215). The bypass path can be created to connect another optimizer module directly to the outside or to other optimizer modules without performing power conversion. For example, when a fault occurs in a photovoltaic module including a battery string, or when there is no power or low power input to the power conversion unit (1215) due to an open circuit of the input terminals (1211, 1212), the bypass unit (1216) can provide a bypass path. In addition, when a hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic panel, the bypass unit (1216) can also suppress heat generation by providing a bypass path for the output current to reduce the current value flowing through the photovoltaic panel. This prevents an increase in the amount of heat generated by an increase in the impedance of the photovoltaic panel when a current greater than the output current of the photovoltaic panel is forced to pass.

[0091] If the first current output from the power conversion unit (1215) is lower than the second current flowing to the output terminal, the bypass unit (1216) can be turned on. If the first current converted and output from the inside of the optimizer module (200) is less than the second current flowing through the output terminal (1213) connected to another optimizer module, the current can flow from the other output terminal (1213) to the inside of the optimizer module (200). This may cause a fault or other error in the optimizer module (200), or power waste. Therefore, in this case, the current flowing through the output terminal (1213) can flow through the bypass unit (1216) to bypass the optimizer module (200). Here, the bypass unit (1216) may include a diode. The diode allows current to flow in only one direction, so it can only bypass the current in that direction.

[0092] The auxiliary power supply unit (1218) can generate auxiliary power using the power input to the input terminal (1211). The optimizer module (200) requires power to convert power or perform control. The auxiliary power supply unit (1218) generates auxiliary power using the power input to the input terminal (1211), and can provide the generated auxiliary power to the power conversion unit (1215) or the control unit (1217).

[0093] The auxiliary power supply unit (1218) can operate in a buck mode or a boost mode. The power input to the input terminal (1211) may vary according to the photovoltaic power generation amount, but the auxiliary power required for the operation of the power conversion unit (1215) or the control unit (1217) may not vary. Therefore, if the voltage of the input power is lower than the voltage of the auxiliary power supply, the auxiliary power supply unit (1218) operates in the boost mode, and if the voltage of the input power is higher than the voltage of the auxiliary power supply, the auxiliary power supply unit (1218) may operate in the buck mode.

[0094] The optimizer module (200) may utilize a circuit diagram such as Figure 8 The optimizer module (200) is a module for optimizing the output power of the battery string, and may include a power conversion unit (1215) (e.g., a DC-DC converter) and a control unit (1217) (e.g., a controller). The DC-DC converter receives power generated from the battery string through an input terminal, converts the power, and outputs it through an output terminal. The controller may detect at least one parameter or control the DC-DC converter according to the detected parameter. The controller controls the DC-DC converter to maximize the power generated from the photovoltaic panel. The optimizer module (200) may also include a bypass diode (1216), which is a bypass unit. When the second current I_out is higher than the first current I_DC-DC, the bypass diode is turned on to allow I_out to be bypassed. The optimizer module (200) may also include an auxiliary power supply unit (1218) called AUX. The auxiliary power supply unit receives a voltage from the battery string and generates power required by the controller and the DC-DC converter. At this time, the auxiliary power supply unit may operate in at least one buck mode or boost mode.

[0095] Here, the DC-DC converter may be composed of at least one buck converter, boost converter or buck-boost converter, and the optimizer modules connected to the plurality of battery strings may be connected in series. By connecting in series, a voltage higher than the output voltage of a single battery string optimizer module may be formed.

[0096] A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a photovoltaic panel (110) including a plurality of battery strings (111, 112, 113) and a plurality of optimizer modules (200-1, 200-2, 200-3) for controlling the output power of each of the battery strings. At this time, each of the above-mentioned optimizer modules may be spaced apart and placed in an area corresponding to each battery string.

[0097] The output terminals (1213, 1214) connected to other optimizers can be connected via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). Fig. 9As shown, the optimizer module (200-1) can be connected to another optimizer module (200-2) through a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). The connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110) may include a bus bar or a cable. At this time, the output terminal can be directly connected to a bus bar built into the photovoltaic panel (110). At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module, such as the output terminals at both ends of the battery string. The connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be directly connected to the two output terminals (1213, 1214) of each of the above-mentioned optimizers inside the optimizer. At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be insulated and formed so that the battery string and the inside of the photovoltaic panel (110) are not electrically connected to each other. When the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, the connection location may be limited, but the connection can be made directly without a separate cable.

[0098] Alternatively, the output terminals (1213, 1214) connected to other optimizers or the outside can be connected via an external connection unit (132) instead of a connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110). When the connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, a conductor such as a cable is used, so the connection position or connection form can be freely realized. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, which increases the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or working environment, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) or the connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) can be used.

[0099] Fig.10 is a perspective view of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.11 is a view of the interior of a housing of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12 is a diagram of the connection relationship of multiple optimizer modules according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.13 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Fig.14 FIG. 2 shows the connection relationship of multiple photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 10 to 14 The detailed description of each structure corresponds to Figures 1 to 9 The detailed description of the photovoltaic module is described above, so the repeated description will be briefly explained below.

[0100] The optimizer module (300) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a housing and an optimizer (320) disposed inside the housing. The optimizer (320) may include input terminals (331, 332), a power conversion unit (320) and output terminals (342, 3434), and may include an auxiliary power supply unit and a bypass unit.

[0101] The housing 310 may include a housing body and a housing cover (not shown) covering the housing body, and may include an optimizer (320) disposed inside the housing body. The optimizer (300) may include two input terminals (321, 332) and two output terminals (341, 342).

[0102] The two input terminals (331, 332) are connected to output terminals at both ends of the battery string, and the optimizer (320) may include a power conversion unit that converts the output power of the battery string and a control unit that controls the power conversion unit according to the output power of the battery string.

[0103] The inside of the housing (310) may be filled with a heat dissipation material. Heat is generated when power is converted, and the heat may be dissipated to the outside to prevent errors caused by heat. The inside of the housing (310) may be filled with a silicone or epoxy material.

[0104] The inside of the housing (310) may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing (310) may be formed on one surface of the photovoltaic module, and since it is located outdoors and may be exposed to rain, it may be formed with a waterproof structure. Fig.10 As shown, a waterproof structure may be formed on the optimizer (320) connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer (320) may be disposed inside the waterproof structure to protect the structure disposed on the optimizer (320).

[0105] The optimizer (320) can be attached to the housing (310) body or can be removed from the housing (310) body. The optimizer (320) can be attached to the housing (310) by connecting to the input terminals (331, 332) or the output terminals (341, 342), or can be removed from the housing (310) by disconnecting from the input terminals (331, 332) or the output terminals (341, 342). At this time, each terminal can be screwed together. In the event of a failure of the optimizer (320), only the optimizer (320) can be removed and replaced or repaired, rather than the entire optimizer module (300). Alternatively, the optimizer (320) can be set on the housing (310) body in various ways (such as hooking or welding).

[0106] The input terminals (331, 332) can be connected to the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic module, and the optimizer module (300) is installed in the photovoltaic module so that the output power of the battery string can be input. The battery string (111) connected in series can have two output terminals leading to the outside, and the output terminals can be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module (100). The output terminals at both ends of each of the above-mentioned battery strings can be directly connected to the two input terminals (331, 332) of the above-mentioned optimizer module (300) inside the housing (320). The two input terminals (331, 332) can be respectively connected to the output terminals at both ends of the battery string (111), so that the power generated by the battery string (111) can be received.

[0107] The output terminals (341, 342) are connected to another optimizer module or the outside. The output terminals (341, 342) may also include two output terminals. If the optimizer module is connected in series between the optimizer modules, and the optimizer module is located between other optimizer modules, the two output terminals (341, 342) are respectively connected to two adjacent optimizer modules. The outputs of multiple optimizer modules can be connected in series to output maximum power to the outside. If the corresponding optimizer module is set at a position corresponding to the output terminal output to the outside, one of the two output terminals (341, 342) can be connected to an adjacent other optimizer module, and the other can be connected to the outside. Here, the outside is a structure arranged outside the photovoltaic module, which can be a power grid, a load or a battery. Alternatively, the outside can be a power conversion device such as an inverter. The output of each optimizer is connected in series and output to the outside.

[0108] The output terminals (341, 342) connected to other optimizer modules can be connected via the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). Fig.12 and Fig.13As shown, the optimizer module (300-1) can be connected to another optimizer module (300-2) via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). The connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110) may include a bus bar or a cable. At this time, the output terminal can be directly connected to a bus bar or the like built into the photovoltaic panel (110). At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be led out to the second surface of the photovoltaic module (100) like the output terminals at both ends of the battery string. The connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be directly connected to the two output terminals (341, 342) of each optimizer module inside the optimizer module housing (310). At this time, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be insulated and formed so that the battery string and the inside of the photovoltaic panel (110) are not electrically connected to each other. When the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, the connection location may be limited, but the connection can be made directly without a separate cable.

[0109] Alternatively, the output terminals (341, 342) connected to other optimizers or the outside can be connected via an external connection unit (132) instead of a connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110). When the connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, the connection position or connection form can be freely realized due to the use of a conductor such as a cable. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, increasing the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or working environment, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) or the connection (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) can be used.

[0110] The output terminals (341, 342) can be connected to another optimizer module or an external device, and the output terminals (341, 342) can be connected in series when connected to another optimizer module. The output terminals (341, 342) can be connected to a conductor such as a cable or a bus bar, and the conductor is fed into the interior of the housing (310) through a hole formed on the outside of the housing (310) by screwing the conductor together.

[0111] The housing (310) may include a housing body and a housing cover, and the housing (310) may include a waterproof function. In addition, the interior of the housing (310) may be filled with a material that allows heat transfer. For example, the interior of the housing (310) may be filled with materials such as silicone or epoxy resin that are easy to transfer heat. The optimizer that optimizes the battery string can be easily replaced by being able to be attached to the housing (310) or being able to be removed from the housing (310). The optimizer can be electrically connected to the optimizer module of the battery string set in other photovoltaic panels through the output terminal. At this time, the output terminal can be connected to a conductor such as a cable to facilitate connection with other photovoltaic panels. The output terminal can be connected by a conductor built into the photovoltaic panel, and the conductor built into the photovoltaic panel can be replaced by a cable that is not built into the photovoltaic panel.

[0112] The optimizer (320) may be formed with a circuit structure, which is arranged on a substrate inside the housing (310). The optimizer (320) is composed of input terminals (331, 332), a power conversion unit and output terminals (342, 3434), and may include an auxiliary power supply unit and a bypass unit.

[0113] The power conversion unit converts the power input to the input terminals (331, 332). At this time, the control unit controls the power conversion unit according to the power input to the input terminals (331, 332). The control unit can control the power conversion unit to maximize the output power of the battery string. The power conversion unit may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter.

[0114] The bypass unit may be connected in parallel between the two output terminals (341, 342) and conduct current between the output terminals to form a bypass path. The auxiliary power supply unit may generate auxiliary power using the output power of the battery string and provide it to the power conversion unit or the control unit.

[0115] A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a photovoltaic panel (110) including a plurality of battery strings (111, 112, 113) and a plurality of optimizer modules (300-1, 300-2, 300-3) for controlling the output power of each of the battery strings. At this time, each of the optimizer modules may be spaced apart from each other and disposed in a region corresponding to each battery string.

[0116] The output terminals (341, 342) connected to other optimizers can be connected via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). Fig.12 and Fig.13As shown, the optimizer module (300-1) can be connected to another optimizer module (300-2) via a connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110). The connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) can be insulated and formed so that the battery string and the inside of the photovoltaic panel (110) are not electrically connected to each other. When the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, the connection position may be limited, but the connection can be made directly without a separate cable.

[0117] Alternatively, the output terminals (341, 342) connected to another optimizer or the outside can be connected via an external connection unit (132) instead of a connection unit built into the photovoltaic panel (110). When the connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) is used, a conductor such as a cable is used, so that the connection position or connection form can be freely realized. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, increasing the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or working environment, the connection unit (131) built into the photovoltaic panel (110) or the connection unit (132) outside the photovoltaic panel (110) can be used.

[0118] The photovoltaic modules (410, 420, 430) may be connected in multiple quantities. Fig.14 As shown, a plurality of photovoltaic modules (410, 420, 430) can be connected in series with each other through a conductor (441), or connected to the outside through conductors (442, 443). Each photovoltaic module (410) can include a photovoltaic panel (411) and the above-mentioned optimizer module (300).

[0119] As described above, the optimizer module may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminal of the battery string, thereby reducing the number of cables connecting the photovoltaic panel and the optimizer and facilitating operation.

[0120] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in modified forms that do not deviate from the basic features of the above-described embodiments. Therefore, the disclosed method should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is described in the claims rather than in the foregoing description, and all differences within their equivalent ranges should be interpreted as being included in the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimizer module, comprising: Shell body; A housing cover, covering the housing body; as well as An optimizer is arranged inside the shell body, wherein the optimizer includes two input terminals and two output terminals.

2. The optimizer module according to claim 1, wherein: The two input terminals are connected to output terminals at both ends of the battery string, and wherein the optimizer comprises: a power conversion unit configured to convert the output power of the battery string; and The control unit is configured to control the power conversion unit according to the output power of the battery string.

3. The optimizer module according to claim 1, wherein: The output terminal is connected to another optimizer module or the outside.

4. The optimizer module according to claim 3, wherein: When the output terminals are connected to the another optimizer module, they are connected in series.

5. The optimizer module according to claim 1, wherein: The interior of the shell body is filled with heat dissipation material.

6. The optimizer module of claim 1, wherein: The housing body and the housing cover are formed of a waterproof structure.

7. The optimizer module of claim 1, wherein: The optimizer is attachable to or detachable from the housing body.

8. The optimizer module of claim 1, wherein: The optimizer includes a bypass unit connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

9. The optimizer module according to claim 2, wherein: The optimizer includes an auxiliary power supply unit configured to generate an auxiliary power supply using output power of the battery string.

10. A photovoltaic module, comprising: Photovoltaic panels, including multiple strings of cells; as well as A plurality of optimizer modules, each optimizer module being configured to control the output power of each of the battery strings, wherein the optimizer modules include the optimizer module according to claim 1.

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