An aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device

Abstract

The present invention relates to an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, which integrates the dynamic processes of soil loosening and fertilizing during the planting of grassland crops, cooperates with the use of agricultural machinery, improves the working efficiency of grassland planting, and enhances the germination rate of crops. It includes a support mechanism, an aeration device, and a gas supply and fertilizer supply device. The support mechanism includes a support plate, a curved guide rail, and a slider; the aeration device includes a gas needle support and an aeration gas needle; the gas supply and fertilizer supply device includes an air pump, a gas ring, a ventilation pipe, a fertilizer tank, a fertilizer delivery pipe, and a proximity switch. The device is installed on the outer side of the crawler of a grassland agricultural machinery, dynamically combines the aeration and fertilization processes, realizes the integration and automation of soil loosening and fertilizing operations, is easy to disassemble, easy to operate, meets the requirements of large-scale production, effectively reduces the labor intensity, improves the operation efficiency, and can effectively improve the scientific planting level of farmers and further improve the productivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grassland agricultural machinery, especially an innovative agricultural equipment integrating soil treatment and planting operations, and relates to an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous degradation of the grassland ecosystem, soil compaction and fertility decline have become key issues restricting the sustainable development of grasslands. Under the combined action of long-term natural factors (such as drought, freeze-thaw cycles) and human activities (such as overgrazing, mechanical rolling), the surface soil structure of the grassland has been severely hardened, and the bulk density has increased significantly, resulting in a significant reduction in soil aeration, water permeability, and microbial activity. The decrease in permeability and organic matter content caused by soil compaction directly weakens the root development ability and nutrient absorption efficiency of forage grasses. In addition, the separate operation mode of traditional soil loosening and fertilizing operations further exacerbates this problem: Although farm operation machinery such as conventional disc harrows and subsoilers can achieve soil loosening, their large-scale tillage is likely to damage the original grass cortex, causing soil erosion and a decline in vegetation coverage, especially in ecologically fragile areas, which may lead to irreversible grassland desertification.

[0003] Although current aeration and soil loosening technologies can improve soil air permeability through local punctures, due to the limitations of equipment functionality and structural defects, there are still significant bottlenecks. For example, traditional aeration tools mostly adopt manual drilling or hydraulic intermittent operation designs, and the equipment generally lacks the ability to operate continuously. It is necessary to frequently stop the machine to clean the tools or replenish fertilizers, which severely restricts the mechanized management efficiency of large-scale grasslands. The step-by-step soil loosening and fertilizing process not only increases the operation cost (fuel consumption increases by 20%-30%), but also forms secondary soil compaction due to multiple mechanical rollings, resulting in a vicious cycle of "treatment - degradation".

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient composite equipment integrating soil loosening, aeration, and precise fertilization functions, break through the continuous operation limit through innovative structural design, and achieve the coordinated improvement of soil physical structure and fertility on the premise of minimizing turf damage, providing reliable technical support for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems of single operation function, large soil disturbance intensity, and inability to simultaneously achieve soil aeration and loosening and precise fertilization of existing grassland improvement tools, the present invention proposes an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, which realizes automatic soil aeration, loosening, and fertilization through innovative structural design and function integration, and achieves coordinated operation of soil physical structure repair and fertility improvement.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, the structure of which mainly includes a support mechanism, an aeration device, and a gas supply and fertilizer supply device. The support mechanism includes a support plate, a curved guide rail, and a slider. The curved guide rail is arranged on the outer edge of the support plate. The curved guide rail includes a slide rail, a driving wheel, and a driving chain. The slider is arranged on the slide rail through a slider pulley and is bolted to the driving chain on the inner side. The driving wheel meshes with the guide rail track. The aeration device includes a gas needle support and an aeration gas needle. The gas needle support is fixedly connected to the slider, and the aeration gas needle is threadedly connected to the gas needle support. The gas supply and fertilizer supply device includes an air pump, an air ring, an air pipe, a fertilizer tank, a fertilizer delivery pipe, a proximity switch, and a total material tank. The air pump and the total material tank are located at the center of the agricultural machinery. The air ring is arranged at the center of the support plate. The support plate is provided with an opening at the bottom position of the air ring and near the air inlet of the air ring. One end of the air pipe is connected to the air outlet of the air ring, and one end is connected to the air inlet. One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the fertilizer outlet, and one end is connected to the fertilizer inlet. Two proximity switches are installed on the part of the slide rail close to the ground.

[0008] Preferably, the slider is bolted and fixedly connected to the driving chain and is detachable. According to the aeration range, the actual soil hardness of the grassland, the growth requirements of the sown crops, and the forward speed of the agricultural machinery, select an appropriate number of sliders and design the corresponding spacing to carry out soil aeration according to local conditions.

[0009] Preferably, the gas needle support and the aeration gas needle are connected by threads, which is convenient for the disassembly and replacement of the aeration gas needle: select an appropriate aeration gas needle according to different soil conditions and crop requirements, and at the same time remove the aeration gas needle when the agricultural machinery does not need to loosen the soil during transportation, etc., without affecting the normal progress of the agricultural machinery.

[0010] Preferably, a curved chute is opened on the slider, and a support nail is arranged on the gas needle support and passes through the chute to be connected to the slider. By moving the support nail and tightening it, the gas needle support and the slider can form different angles, so that the aeration gas needle can enter the ground surface at different angles.

[0011] Preferably, the air pump is powered by the electric energy provided by the motor. While compressing the gas and supplying it to the air ring through the air supply pipe, a pressure reducing valve is installed on the air supply pipe to supply gas with a certain pressure to the total material tank to ensure that the total material tank can continuously supply fertilizer to the fertilizer tank. The air ring is bolted to the geometric center position of the curved guide rail and supplies gas to the aeration gas needle through the air pipe. Proximity switches are arranged on the part of the slide rail close to the ground. When the slider passes the front switch, the aeration valve is controlled to start aeration. When it passes the rear switch, the aeration valve is controlled to stop aeration. The part of the track in contact with the ground is relatively stationary, and the aeration gas needle uses this relatively stationary time to complete aeration.

[0012] Preferably, a drum-shaped fertilizer box is installed on the air ring rotor outside the air ring. The fertilizer in the box enters the fertilizer inlet through the fertilizer outlet and the fertilizer conveying pipe by its own weight. The fertilizer is added into the aeration needle by using the described feeding device and is injected into the soil together with the gas through the aeration needle. The loose soil is conducive to the entry and penetration of the fertilizer, which is more beneficial to the growth of crops and can also simplify the fertilization process to a certain extent.

[0013] The grassland aeration and soil loosening device described in the present invention is installed outside the crawler of the grassland seeder through the described support plate, and the rotation speed of the crawler of the seeder is synchronized through the drive shaft to realize soil loosening and fertilization during the progress of the seeder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. Through the combination of the chain, the guide rail and the aeration needle, while ensuring the fertilization spacing, dynamic aeration and soil loosening and fertilization during the forward movement of the agricultural machine are realized.

[0016] 2. Through the threaded connection design of the aeration needle and the aeration needle support, the replaceability of the aeration needle is realized; through the chute design, the diversity of the soil entry angle of the aeration needle is realized to adapt to the soil conditions in different regions.

[0017] 3. The present invention provides a method for dynamically combining aeration and soil loosening with fertilization, realizing the integration of soil loosening and fertilization during the forward movement of the agricultural machine, which is more conducive to the infiltration of fertilizer into the soil and reduces the labor pressure to a certain extent. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the grassland aeration and soil loosening device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the support mechanism;

[0020] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the aeration device;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the air supply and fertilizer supply device structure;

[0022] Figure 5 is a partial enlarged sectional view of the aeration needle;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall equipment structure of the tractor;

[0024] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the air pump and the total fertilizer tank structure;

[0025] Among them, the marks of the drawings are:

[0026] 1. Support mechanism;

[0027] 101, Support plate; 102, Curved guide rail; 1021, Slide rail; 1022, Driving wheel; 1023, Driving chain; 103, Slide block; 1031, Slide block pulley; 1032, Slide groove;

[0028] 2, Aeration device;

[0029] 201, Air needle support; 2011, Support slide nail; 202, Aeration air needle; 2021, Air inlet; 2022, Fertilizer inlet; 2023, Aeration port; 2024, Aeration valve;

[0030] 3, Air supply and fertilizer supply device;

[0031] 301, Air pump; 302, Air ring; 3021, Air ring air inlet; 3022, Air ring stator; 3023, Air ring rotor; 3024, Air ring air outlet; 303, Vent pipe; 304, Fertilizer tank; 3041, Fertilizer outlet; 305, Fertilizer conveying pipe; 306, Proximity switch; 3061, Front switch; 3062, Rear switch; 307, Total material tank. Specific embodiments

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples:

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] Referring to the accompanying drawings, an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, its structure mainly includes a support mechanism 1, and an aeration device 2 and an air supply and fertilizer supply device 3 are provided on the support mechanism;

[0035] The support mechanism 1 includes a support plate 101, a curved guide rail 102, and a slide block 103. The curved guide rail 102 includes a slide rail 1021, a driving wheel 1022, and a driving chain 1023, and the driving wheel 1022 meshes with the driving chain 1023. The slide block 103 includes a slide block pulley 1031 and a slide groove 1032, and the slide block 103 is fixedly connected to the driving chain 1023. The slide rail 1021 passes through the centers of the four slide block pulleys 1031, and the slide block 103 can move on the slide rail 1021 by the drive of the driving chain 1023. The support plate 101 is welded to the curved guide rail 102 and simultaneously serves to support the air supply and fertilizer supply device 3. The driving wheel 1022 is driven by the driving shaft of the agricultural machinery track, and the rotation speed is controlled to be the same as that of the agricultural machinery driving track. The slide block 103 serves to carry the aeration device 2.

[0036] The aeration device 2 mainly includes a gas needle support 201 and an aeration gas needle 202. A support slide nail 2011 is provided on the gas needle support 201. The gas needle support 201 is rotatably fixed to the slider 103, and the support slide nail 2011 passes through the slider 103 through the chute 1032. The support slide nail 2011 can rotate in the chute 1032 and can be tightened and fixed. The aeration gas needle 202 includes an air inlet 2021, a fertilizer inlet 2022, an aeration port 2023, and an aeration valve 2024. The fertilizer inlet 2022 is on the side of the air inlet 2021 close to the aeration port 2023. The aeration port 2023 is at the tip of the aeration gas needle 202. The aeration valve 2024 is arranged between the fertilizer inlet 2022 and the aeration port 2023.

[0037] The air and fertilizer supply device 3 is located on the support mechanism 1 and mainly includes an air pump 301, an air ring 302, an air pipe 303, a fertilizer tank 304, a fertilizer delivery pipe 305, a proximity switch 306, and a total material tank 307. The air ring 302 includes an air ring air inlet 3021, an air ring stator 3022, an air ring rotor 3023, and an air ring air outlet 3024. The air ring air inlet 3021 is located on the air ring stator 3022 and is connected to the air pump 301, and the air ring air outlet 3023 is arranged on the air ring rotor 3022. One end of the air pipe 303 is connected to the air ring air outlet 3023, and the other end is connected to the air inlet 2021. The fertilizer tank 304 includes a fertilizer outlet 3041. The fertilizer tank 304 is fixedly connected to the air ring rotor 3023 and rotates with the air ring rotor 3023. The fertilizer outlet 3041 is arranged on the fertilizer tank 304. The fertilizer tank 304 rotates with the air ring rotor 3023. One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe 305 is connected to the fertilizer outlet 3041, and the other end is connected to the fertilizer inlet 2022. The air ring rotor 3023 drives the rotation through the air pipe 303 with higher strength, thereby driving the rotation of the drum-shaped fertilizer tank 304. Their rotation speeds match the rotation speed of the slider 103. The proximity switch 306 is composed of a front switch 3061 and a rear switch 3062. The proximity switch 306 controls the opening and closing of the aeration valve 2024. When the slider 103 moves to the front switch 3061, the aeration valve 2024 opens and starts aeration; when it moves to the rear switch 3062, the aeration valve 2024 closes and ends aeration. The air pump 301 and the total material tank 307 are located in the center of the agricultural machinery. The air pump 301 is connected to the agricultural machinery generator and is powered by the engine to generate gas and supply it to the air ring 302. At the same time, a pressure reducing valve is provided on the air pipe to provide an appropriate air pressure to the total material tank 307, so that the fertilizer in the total material tank 307 can continuously reach the fertilizer tank 304 through the internally hollow air ring 302.

[0038] Working process:

[0039] Combined with the attached drawings, when in use, drive the tractor to the designated area and equip this soil loosening device.

[0040] First, conduct a survey of the regional soil to understand the soil hardness and fertility, and select the appropriate type of aeration air needle 202 in combination with the growth requirements of the sown crops; select the appropriate number of aeration air needles 202, i.e., the number of sliders 103, and the spacing between each air needle, i.e., slider; fix the soil entry angle of the air needle by moving and tightening the support slide nail 2011; connect the air pipe 303 and the fertilizer pipe 305.

[0041] Then, start the tractor to move forward, start the motor to supply power to the air pump 301. While the air pump 301 supplies high-pressure gas to the air ring 302, it provides a certain air pressure to the total fertilizer tank 307 through the pressure reducing valve to ensure that the fertilizer can be continuously input into the fertilizer tank 304. When the tractor moves forward, the crawler drive shaft drives the drive wheel 1022 in this device to rotate at the same time, thereby driving the drive chain 1023 engaged with the drive wheel 1022 to rotate, and further driving the slider 103 bolted to the drive chain 1023 to move. An air needle support 201 is fixed on the slider 103, an aeration air needle 202 is fixed on the air needle support 201, and the air inlet 2021 and the fertilizer inlet 2022 on the aeration air needle 202 are respectively connected to the air ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer tank rotor 304 through the air pipe 303 and the fertilizer pipe 305. When the drive wheel 1022 rotates, the air ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer tank rotor 304 rotate passively. When the slider 103 rotates to the lower part of the fertilizer tank 304, i.e., when the aeration air needle 202 is inserted into the ground surface, the fertilizer in the fertilizer tank 304 enters the fertilizer inlet 2022 through the fertilizer pipe 305 under the influence of gravity. At the same time, when the slider 103 passes the front switch 3061, that is, when the aeration air needle 202 is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve 2024 opens, and the high-pressure gas enters the air inlet 2021 through the air pipe 303 from the air outlet 3024 of the air ring, driving the fertilizer entering from the fertilizer inlet 2022 below the air inlet 2021 to be discharged together through the aeration port 2023. The high-pressure gas and the fertilizer enter the soil together, thus completing the aeration process. When the slider 103 passes the rear switch 3062, that is, when the aeration air needle 202 is about to leave the soil, the aeration valve 2024 closes, and the aeration needle stops aerating. At the same time, the fertilizer is affected by gravity and no longer enters the fertilizer pipe. After that, the aeration valve 2024 always remains closed, the gas no longer enters the aeration air needle 202, and the fertilizer affected by gravity no longer enters the fertilizer pipe 305. Until the slider 103 passes the front switch 3061 again, the aeration starts again to complete the dynamic cycle.

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, characterized in that, It includes a support mechanism (1), an aeration device (2), and a gas and fertilizer supply device (3). The support mechanism (1) includes a support plate (101), a curved guide rail (102), and a slider (103). The curved guide rail (102) is provided on the outer edge of the support plate (101). The curved guide rail (102) includes a slide rail (1021), a driving wheel (1022), and a driving chain (1023). The driving wheel (1022) meshes with the driving chain (1023). The slider (103) includes slider pulleys (1031) and a chute (1032). The slider (103) is located on the slide rail (1021) and its bottom is bolted to the driving chain (1023). Four slider pulleys (1031) are distributed in a rectangle and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider (103). The slide rail (1021) passes horizontally through the rectangle formed by the slider pulleys (1031). The chute (1032) is curved and is provided on the slider (103). The aeration device (2) includes a gas needle support (201) and an aeration gas needle (202). The gas needle support (201) is provided on the slider (103). The aeration gas needle (202) is threadedly connected to the gas needle support (201). The gas needle support (201) includes a support slide nail (2011). The support slide nail (2011) passes through the chute (1032); The gas and fertilizer supply device (3) includes an air pump (301), an air ring (302), a ventilation pipe (303), a fertilizer tank (304), a fertilizer delivery pipe (305), and proximity switches (306). The air ring (302) is in the shape of a drum and includes an air ring air inlet (3021), an air ring stator (3022), an air ring rotor (3023), and an air ring air outlet (3024). The air ring air inlet (3021) is provided on the side of the air ring stator (3022) and is connected to the air pump (301). The air ring air outlet (3024) is provided on the side of the air ring rotor (3023). The fertilizer tank (304) is in the shape of a drum and includes a fertilizer outlet (3041). The fertilizer outlet (3041) is provided on the side of the fertilizer tank (304). One end of the ventilation pipe (303) is connected to the air ring air outlet (3024), and one end is connected to the air inlet (2021). One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the fertilizer outlet (3041), and one end is connected to the fertilizer inlet (2022). The proximity switches (306) include a front switch (3061) and a rear switch (3062). The proximity switches (306) are located on the straight part of the slide rail (1021) close to the ground; The air ring (302) is fixedly coaxial with the fertilizer tank (304) and rotates synchronously with the rotation of the air ring rotor (3023). The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device is arranged on the side of the tracked agricultural machinery equipment. The driving wheel (1022) is driven by the driving shaft of the agricultural machinery track, and the rotation speed is controlled to be the same as that of the driving track of the agricultural machinery; The gas needle support (201) is rotatably fixed to the slider (103). The support slide nail (2011) passes through the chute (1032) and can be adjusted in tightness, and can change the angle at which the aeration gas needle (202) enters the soil; The support plate (101) is vertically suspended outside the agricultural machinery crawler through the main shaft of the agricultural machinery and is symmetrically arranged. The aeration device (2) is inside the agricultural machinery relative to the air and fertilizer supply device (3), and is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the agricultural machinery. A detachable protective shell is installed outside the support plate (101).

2. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration air needle (202) includes an air inlet (2021), a fertilizer inlet (2022), an aeration port (2023), and an aeration valve (2024). The fertilizer inlet (2022) and the air inlet (2021) are arranged on the side of the aeration air needle (202), and the former is closer to the aeration port (2023) than the latter. The aeration valve (2024) is provided on the air inlet (2021).

3. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air and fertilizer supply device (3) is located at the center of the support plate (101). When the driving wheel (1022) rotates, it drives the driving chain (1023) engaged with it to rotate, thereby driving the slider (103) to rotate, thereby driving the aeration air needle (202) to rotate, and thereby driving the air ring rotor (3023) and the fertilizer tank (304) respectively connected to it through the air pipe (303) and the fertilizer delivery pipe (305) to rotate.

4. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration air needle (202) is threadedly connected to the air needle support (201), and can be disassembled and assembled conveniently. The type of the aeration air needle (202) can be adjusted according to requirements. At the same time, the aeration air needle (202) can be removed to facilitate the transportation of the agricultural machinery.

5. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proximity switch (306) is installed on the part of the slide rail (1021) close to the soil. The front switch (3061) and the rear switch (3062) are separated by a certain distance, and control the opening and closing of the aeration valve (2024). When the slider (103) rotates to the front switch (3061), that is, when the aeration air needle (202) on the slider (103) is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve (2024) opens, and gas enters the aeration air needle (202) to start aeration; when the slider (103) rotates to the rear switch (3062), that is, when the aeration air needle (202) on the slider (103) leaves the soil, the aeration valve (2024) closes, and gas no longer enters the aeration air needle (202), and the aeration ends.

Images