Regulation and control method for improving wetland production function of soda salt-alkali Gorgon fruit

Abstract

The invention discloses a regulation and control method for improving the production function of soda salt-alkali Gorgon fruit wetland, and belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological hydrological management. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing shoreline land; 2, adjusting salinity before planting; 3, hydrological dynamic regulation and control in the growing period; 4, adjusting the water level before harvesting. The method can effectively solve the problems of low emergence rate, low survival rate, low maturing rate and low fruit productivity caused by single habitat hydrological situation or uncomfortable water level of gordon euryale seeds in the saline-alkali marsh wetland. According to the life cycle of the gordon euryale seeds, the emergence rate, the maturing rate and the yield of the gordon euryale seeds are remarkably increased by scientifically regulating and controlling the wetland hydrological situation, technical support is provided for efficient planting of the gordon euryale seeds, and meanwhile a brand new solution is provided for comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali soil resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical fields of wetland ecological hydrological management and wetland plant resource utilization, and more specifically to a method for improving the growth environment of water chestnuts in saline-alkali marsh wetlands through hydrological regulation technology, thereby improving the production efficiency of water chestnuts. Background Art

[0002] As one of the three largest soda saline-alkali wetland distribution areas in the world, the Songnen Plain has a good match of water and soil resources in its light saline-alkali area and is concentrated and contiguous. It is a key land resource for improving agricultural production capacity and alleviating food supply pressure in Northeast China. However, the current development of saline-alkali land focuses on arable land improvement and the planting of food crops, and insufficient attention is paid to the comprehensive utilization of biological resources in saline-alkali marsh wetlands. This type of wetland forms a unique "water-salt-soil-biology" coupling environment due to seasonal water accumulation. It is not only an active area of ​​biodiversity, but also a potential space for efficient agriculture. Based on the concepts of "big agriculture" and "big food", the development of economic aquatic plants in saline-alkali marsh wetlands can not only avoid the risk of saline-alkali stress in traditional agriculture, but also give play to the advantages of wetland biological resources. Through the ecological model of "use instead of governance" and "efficient use of natural resources", it promotes the efficient use of saline-alkali land resources and provides a new path for the sustainable development of saline-alkali wetlands.

[0003] Gorgon fruit ( Euryale ferox Salisb. ex K. D. Koenig&Sims ) is an annual large aquatic herb of the genus Euryale in the Nymphaeaceae family. It is named "chicken head rice" because of its receptacle shape and fruit shape that resembles a chicken head. It likes a warm and humid environment to grow. The primary leaves are submerged leaves, arrow-shaped or kidney-shaped, and thornless; the secondary leaves are floating leaves, leathery round or kidney-shaped, with rough leaf surfaces and dense short thorns on both sides. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is August-September. Its seeds are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, and have both medicinal effects such as regulating kidney function, lowering blood sugar, and regulating blood lipids, as well as high nutritional value. Euryale was previously widely distributed in the soda salt-alkali marsh wetlands of the Songnen Plain, forming wild Euryale marsh wetlands. Field surveys have shown that Gorgon fruit has a certain tolerance to mild saline-alkali environments (soil salt content ≤ 0.3%) and is an optimal economic plant for the development of saline-alkali wetlands. However, under saline-alkali stress (soil salt content ≥ 0.5%), its survival rate is less than 40% and its yield drops by more than 50%, which seriously limits its large-scale cultivation in natural saline-alkali wetlands. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims at the above-mentioned problems, based on the water control principle of "salt follows water, salt follows water" and the adaptation mechanism of organisms to salinity, accurately reduces soil salinity to an appropriate range through water-salt control technology, and adjusts the water level in time according to the differential needs of the life cycle, so as to adaptively improve the habitat of Gorgon fruit. In combination with the climate characteristics of the Songnen Plain and the water demand cycle of Gorgon fruit, a scientific water replenishment plan is formulated, and dynamic water level control technology is implemented. While improving the saline-alkali marsh wetlands, the survival rate and yield of Gorgon fruit are significantly improved, providing systematic technical support for the coordinated development of "ecology-production" of saline-alkali wetlands, and facilitating the efficient utilization of regional resources and the green transformation of agriculture.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for regulating and controlling the production function of a soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland comprises the following steps: Step 1: Shoreline land preparation Use the slope of the natural coastline to build water retaining dams and water inlet and drainage ditches around the target wetland; Specifically, the target wetlands can be selected from natural saline-alkali marsh wetlands or artificially restored wetlands with low terrain near large and medium-sized natural water bodies (freshwater rivers, lakes or reservoirs, etc.). The slope of the natural coastline can be used to build water retaining dams and water inlet and drainage channels, and compacted using agricultural machinery; the water inlet and outlet channels connect the water chestnut planting marsh wetlands and freshwater source water bodies to introduce fresh water and discharge salt water in spring and regulate water levels during the growing season. The water chestnut wetland plot can be constructed by digging 80~90cm deep soil layers and piling up earth ridges along the periphery, and a circular ditch with a width of 1~2m and a depth of 1~1.5m can be dug as water inlet and drainage channels.

[0006] Step 2: Pre-planting salinity adjustment Before the wild Euryale ferox sprouts in spring, fresh water is input into the wetland through the water inlet ditch, and the water layer is submerged to a depth of 5-8 cm. After the paddy field is beaten, the water is left to stand for 1-5 days until the turbidity of the water decreases, and then the water is drained. The salinity is adjusted repeatedly, and the water depth of the wetland is maintained at 5-8 cm after the salinity meets the requirements. Step 3: Dynamic hydrological regulation during the growing season In mid-April, in order to suppress the growth of non-Euphorbia weeds in the wetland and prevent their adverse effects on the growth of Euphorbia, the water depth was maintained at 5-8 cm. When the temperature is maintained at 12-14℃, sow and raise seedlings, adjust the water depth to 4-5cm, and apply organic base fertilizer; Keep the water depth at 4-5cm during the initial stage of seed growth; As the seedlings grow, gradually increase the water depth. When the seedling leaf diameter reaches 2-3 cm, the water depth is raised to 7-10 cm. Gradually increase the water level according to the growth of Gorgon fruit. When Gorgon fruit grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height is 10-15cm, adjust the water depth to 17-20cm. The water depth of Gorgon fruit seedlings during their growth period is regulated based on the time when the heart leaves just emerge from the water surface, ensuring that the heart of the seedling is not submerged. July is the fast growing season for Gorgon fruit. The rising temperature in summer leads to the intensification of plant transpiration. In addition, the precipitation in the rainy season increases, so it is necessary to strengthen the water depth control. The water depth is maintained at 70-80 cm during the vigorous growth period of Gorgon fruit. Step 4: Adjust the water level before harvesting In early October, when some leaves of the water chestnut rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the fruit turns pink to dark purple, and some seeds fall off naturally and float on the water surface, it is mature and the water level is regulated according to the harvesting method.

[0007] Preferably, the beating in step 2 is performed using a paddy field beating machine with a tillage depth of 10 to 15 cm to promote salt leaching from saline-alkali land and improve soil structure.

[0008] Preferably, the number of irrigation and drainage in step 2 is adjusted according to the degree of soil salinization to ensure that the salt is fully washed away, and the salinity standard is adjusted to a soil conductivity of ≤2.5 dS / m.

[0009] Preferably, the organic base fertilizer in step three is a crushed plant stem matrix, and the application amount is 2~5kg / m².

[0010] Furthermore, the plant stems are stems of wetland plants, and the crushed length is 10-30 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the wetland plants are one or more of reed, cattail and sedge.

[0012] Preferably, in step three, the water level is adjusted ≤ 3 cm / week to avoid sudden changes in water level affecting the growth of seedlings.

[0013] Preferably, the harvesting method and corresponding water level adjustment measures in step 4 are: If the planting area is narrow, drain the water, keep the water depth at 40-50 cm, and harvest manually; If the planting area is open, use boats to harvest and fill the water to a depth of 90~110cm before harvesting.

[0014] Preferably, in step 4, the water level is lowered to below 10 cm after harvesting to promote natural decomposition of the stems and leaves of Gorgon fruit, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter and promoting the recovery and improvement of soil fertility.

[0015] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland, which has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for planting Euryale ferox in saline-alkali marsh wetlands based on coordinated hydrological regulation. Aiming at the "water-salt-soil-organism" coupling environment unique to saline-alkali marsh wetlands, combined with the biological characteristics of Euryale ferox's salt-alkali tolerance, a technical solution for hydrological regulation throughout the entire life cycle is proposed. Through the water-salt transport technology for saline-alkali land improvement, the salinity of the cultivated layer soil is accurately regulated to an appropriate range, the salt stress environment in the root zone is significantly improved, and the survival rate of Euryale ferox seedlings is increased to more than 75%; the implementation of a dynamic water replenishment plan in combination with the needs of the life cycle can not only accurately supplement the amount of water required for evaporation of the Euryale ferox wetland ecosystem, but also effectively prevent salt water intrusion, so that the yield per unit area is increased by 30% compared with saline-alkali wetlands that have not been leached with salt. This technical process is highly operational and adaptable. It has broken through the key bottleneck of low productivity of water chestnuts in saline-alkali marsh wetlands. It not only realizes the large-scale production of water chestnuts, but also promotes the regulation of salt migration and the restoration of wetland ecological functions. It provides a replicable and popularizable demonstration model for the coordinated development of "ecology-production" in wetlands, and has both significant economic benefits and ecological restoration value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1 This experiment was conducted in 2024 in the saline-alkali marsh wetland in Yanjiang Town, Da'an City, Jilin Province. The soil conductivity in this area is 4.26dS / m~10.26dS / m. It is located on the edge of the Nenjiang River, and fresh water can be directly pumped from the Nenjiang River.

[0018] Step 1: Shoreline land preparation The slope of the natural coastline is used to build water-retaining dams and water inlet and drainage channels, and they are compacted using agricultural machinery. The water inlet and outlet channels connect the water chestnut-planting swamp wetlands and the Nenjiang River, and water pumping stations and sluices are installed to introduce fresh water and discharge salt water in the spring and to regulate the water level during the growing season.

[0019] In this step, a 80-90 cm deep soil layer is excavated and earth ridges are piled up along the periphery to construct a Gorgon wetland plot, and a 1-2 m wide and 1-1.5 m deep ditch is excavated as a water inlet and drainage channel; Step 2: Pre-planting salinity adjustment Before the wild gorgon fruit sprouts in spring, irrigation and drainage are carried out to wash out the salt according to the salinity of the wetland water body and the surface soil. When washing out the salt, fresh water from the freshwater body is input into the gorgon fruit wetland through the inlet ditch using a mechanical pump or natural terrain difference. The depth of the flooded water layer is 8 cm. After being beaten with a paddy field beater, the water is left to stand for 5 days. After the turbidity of the water quality is reduced, the water is drained. Repeat the irrigation and drainage twice, and the soil conductivity is ≤2.5 dS / m. The paddy field beating machine plowing depth is controlled at 10~15cm; Step 3: Dynamic hydrological regulation during the growing season In mid-April, to suppress the growth of non-Euphorbia weeds in the wetland, the water depth was always maintained at 5-8 cm; When the temperature is maintained at 12-14℃, sow and raise seedlings, adjust the water depth to 4-5cm, apply organic base fertilizer, and mix the plant stems (wetland plants such as reeds, cattails, and sedge, with a crushed length of 10-30cm) with the soil at a standard of 2.5kg / m²; Keep the water shallow at 4 to 5 cm in the early stages of seed growth; As the seedlings grow, gradually increase the water depth. When the seedling leaves reach 2-3 cm in diameter, the water depth is increased to 7-10 cm. Then gradually increase the water level according to the growth of Gorgon fruit. When Gorgon fruit grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height is 10-15cm, adjust the water depth to 17-20cm. The water depth during the subsequent growth period of Gorgon fruit seedlings is regulated based on the time when the heart leaves just emerge from the water surface to ensure that the heart of the seedling is not submerged; July is the fast growing period for Gorgon fruit. The rising temperature in summer leads to the intensification of plant transpiration. In addition, the precipitation in the rainy season increases, so it is necessary to strengthen the water depth control. The water depth should be maintained at 70-80 cm during the vigorous growth period of Gorgon fruit. Water level adjustment should follow the principle of "from shallow to deep, slowly rising" to avoid sudden changes in water level affecting the growth of seedlings. The increase in water depth per week during the seedling stage should not exceed 3cm; When the precipitation increases significantly in summer, drain the water in time to maintain the stable water level required for the growth of Gorgon fruit; Step 4: Adjust the water level before harvesting In early October, when some leaves of Gorgon fruit rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the "chicken head rice" fruit turns pink to dark purple, and some seeds fall off naturally and float on the water surface, it is mature. Drain some water and keep the water depth at 40-50cm for manual harvesting; After harvesting, lower the water level to below 10 cm.

[0020] After sample plot investigation and verification, the survival rate of Gorgon seedlings in saline-alkali marsh wetlands with hydrological regulation was 82%~87%; the diameter of mature Gorgon leaves was 80.63cm-82.47cm, and the plant height was 85.92cm-87.18cm; the average width of mature Gorgon heads was 47.26mm-51.62mm, and the length was 84.29mm-83.95mm; the fresh weight of Gorgon heads at harvest was 97.82g-104.89g, and the yield was 104.72kg / mu-108.43kg / mu, which verified that this method improved the productivity of Gorgon in saline-alkali wetlands, and the technology is highly applicable and simple and easy to implement.

[0021] In the natural saline-alkali marsh wetland where water level control was not implemented, the survival rate of water chestnut seedlings was 37%; the average leaf diameter of mature water chestnuts was 30.47 cm, and the average plant height was 74.21 cm; the average width of mature water chestnuts was 26.56 mm, and the average length was 29.42 mm; the average fresh weight of water chestnuts at harvest was 50.8 g, the plant growth was poor, and the productivity was low.

[0022] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in this field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals and technicians in this field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in this article, but will comply with the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for improving the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Shoreline land preparation Use the slope of the natural coastline to build water retaining dams and water inlet and drainage ditches around the target wetland; Step 2: Salinity adjustment before planting Before the wild Euryale ferox sprouts in spring, fresh water is input into the wetland through the water inlet ditch, and the water layer is submerged to a depth of 5-8 cm. After the paddy field is beaten and left to stand for 1-5 days, it is drained and the salinity is adjusted repeatedly. When the salinity is within the acceptable range, the water depth of the wetland is maintained at 5-8 cm. Step 3: Dynamic hydrological regulation during the growing season In mid-April, keep the water depth at 5-8cm; When the temperature is maintained at 12-14℃, sow and raise seedlings, adjust the water depth to 4-5cm, and apply organic base fertilizer; Keep the water depth at 4-5cm during the initial stage of seed growth; When the seedling leaves reach 2-3 cm in diameter, the water depth is raised to 7-10 cm; When the water chestnut grows 4 to 5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant is 10 to 15 cm tall, adjust the water depth to 17 to 20 cm. The water depth regulation during the growth period of Euryale ferox seedlings is based on the time when the heart leaves just emerge from the water surface; During the vigorous growth period of Gorgon fruit, the water depth is maintained at 70-80 cm; Step 4: Adjust the water level before harvesting In early October, when some leaves of the water chestnut rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the fruit turns pink to dark purple, and some seeds fall off naturally and float on the water surface, it is mature and the water level is regulated according to the harvesting method.

2. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the paddy field is beaten using a paddy field beater, and the tillage depth is 10 to 15 cm.

3. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the salinity standard is adjusted to soil conductivity ≤ 2.5 dS / m.

4. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic base fertilizer described in step 3 is a crushed plant stem matrix, and the application amount is 2~5kg / m².

5. A control method for improving the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plant stems are stems of wetland plants, and the crushed length is 10-30 cm.

6. A method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wetland plants are one or more of reed, cattail and sedge.

7. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the water level is adjusted to ≤3cm / week.

8. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting method and corresponding water level adjustment measures described in step 4 are: If the planting area is narrow, drain the water, keep the water depth at 40-50 cm, and harvest manually; If the planting area is open, use boats to harvest and fill the water to a depth of 90~110cm before harvesting.

9. The method for controlling the production function of soda saline-alkali marsh Euryale ferox wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: After harvesting in step 4, lower the water level to below 10 cm.