Corn rotation intercropping cultivation method for enhancing soil function

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn rotation intercropping cultivation method capable of enhancing soil functions, which comprises the following steps of: 1, fertilizing and performing mechanical rotary tillage in the first ten-day period of November in the first year to form ditches for oilseed rape transplanting, harvesting in the last ten-day period of April in the second year, and ploughing, stubble cleaning and turning and pressing; 2, in the middle of May of the next year, corn and soybean / peanut are intercropped on a preceding crop belt, corn and soybean / peanut are harvested in the middle of September, corn and soybean straw is smashed according to the original planting position, and turning and pressing are conducted; step 3, continuing second-period rape planting in the first ten days of November of the second year, and repeating the step 2 after the rape is harvested. Resource conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat are fully utilized, meanwhile, leguminous crops are introduced to improve the nitrogen nutrient content of soil, stimulate underground growth of main crop corn, enhance soil functions and improve the yield of a planting system, then balance of yield benefits and environmental ecological benefits is achieved, and a reference is provided for achieving an agricultural sustainable development planting mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a corn intercropping cultivation method for enhancing soil function. Background Art

[0002] Paddy soil is widely distributed in the southern grain-producing areas. Its structure is compacted, its air permeability is poor, and its soil nutrients are scarce. The continuous monoculture in the south has led to the degradation of soil functions, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. In addition, there are many idle fields in winter, and the efficiency of resource utilization needs to be further explored. Therefore, introducing rapeseed fertilizer fields in winter and establishing a corn-legume composite planting model in summer is of great value for optimizing the agricultural production structure.

[0003] Corn is a dryland crop, and its widely distributed root system has the ability to clear soil pores, which can effectively improve the problem of soil compaction. In addition, the mutually beneficial symbiosis between corn and legume crops can be used to improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of the planting system, which can further enhance the ecological function of the soil.

[0004] Therefore, it has become a necessary measure to innovate agricultural sustainable development cultivation models that both enhance soil functions and increase crop yields. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a corn intercropping cultivation method that enhances soil function. The wide-narrow corn intercropping soybean / peanut-rapeseed rotation of the present invention is a diversified planting technology through intercropping and rotation. By optimizing the agricultural production structure and introducing a composite planting mode of oil and grain crops, it can effectively enhance the soil ecological function, increase crop yields, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution designed by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a corn intercropping cultivation method for enhancing soil function, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: In early November of the first year, fertilize and till the soil mechanically to create furrows for rapeseed transplanting. After harvesting in late April of the second year, till the soil and press the soil;

[0009] Step 2: In mid-May of the second year, intercrop corn, soybeans / peanuts in the previous crop belt, harvest corn, soybeans / peanuts in mid-September and crush the corn and soybean stalks according to the original planting position and turn them over;

[0010] Step 3: In early November of the following year, continue the second cycle of rapeseed planting, and repeat step 2 after the rapeseed is harvested.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1 and step 2, the turning and pressing depth is 15 to 25 cm (based on not exposing the residual body).

[0012] Furthermore, the rapeseed variety is Huayouza 62; the rapeseed plant spacing is 20 cm, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the rapeseed planting density is 250,000 plants / hm2. 2 ;

[0013] When the rape fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, the contents of N, P2 O5 and K2 O in the base fertilizer are 150 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 , one month after transplanting, add boron fertilizer, the content of boron fertilizer is 15kg / hm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, in step 2, before sowing, the corn seeds and soybean / peanut seeds are coated, the corn seeds are Zhengdan 958, and the soybean seeds are Zhonghuang No. 10.

[0015] Furthermore, the wide row spacing of the corn is 80 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the soybeans / peanuts are planted in only 2 rows in the corn row width, with a row spacing of 20 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2, the bandwidth of the previous crop is kept unchanged, and corn and soybeans / peanuts are planted at the same time; corn and soybeans / peanuts are both planted in holes, with 1 corn seed per hole and 2 to 4 soybeans / peanuts per hole.

[0018] Furthermore, the planting density of corn is 83,000 plants / hm2. 2 The planting density of soybeans and peanuts is 28,000 plants / hm2. 2 .

[0019] Furthermore, the fertilizers for corn and soybean / peanut are all basal fertilizers, and the contents of N, P2O5 and K2O are 150 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 .

[0020] Furthermore, within 7 days after the corn, soybean / peanut is sown, 56-78 mL of 50% acetochlor per mu is diluted with 45-60 L of water to carry out pre-emergence weeding;

[0021] After one month of growth, depending on the weed conditions in the field, use 150-200 mL of 26% benzothiazolinone·atrazine per mu of corn monocropping field, add 22-30 L of water, and spray the stems and leaves of the weeds 1 to 2 times. Weeds in intercropping fields should be manually removed in time.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention firstly implements a field fertilization strategy by planting winter rapeseed, a green manure crop, to promote the growth of subsequent crops and increase the economic benefits of the land; secondly, corn, soybean and peanut intercropping are arranged to utilize the nitrogen fixation and short plant characteristics of leguminous crops, and to fully utilize light and land resources, ultimately achieving the effects of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting root growth, enhancing soil function, promoting the formation of soil aggregates, and increasing crop yields. The present invention can effectively alleviate the problems of over-fertilization, continuous cropping obstacles, soil compaction, etc. in traditional planting, is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of agricultural planting, and has broad prospects for promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting of winter rapeseed and summer corn and soybeans. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples so that those skilled in the art can understand. In order to make the technical means, creative features, intended purposes and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is worth mentioning that, unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials used in the examples are conventional raw materials available on the market, and the technical means used are also conventional methods generally familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0026] The test site of the following examples and comparative examples is located in Lipei Village, Shuangxiqiao Town, Xianning City, Hubei Province (29°55′N, 114°27′E), which has a subtropical continental monsoon climate, abundant rainfall, an annual rainfall of 1577.4 mm, and mostly concentrated in June-August. The average temperature is 16.8°C, and the test soil is silty loam.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A corn intercropping cultivation method for enhancing soil function, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: In early November of the first year, fertilize and till the soil mechanically to create furrows for rapeseed transplanting. In late April of the second year, plough the soil after harvesting to a depth of 20 cm, with no residue exposed.

[0030] a. Before sowing rapeseed, ensure that the field has been drained. The best condition is when there is no water in the ditch and the surface is moist below 2cm deep.

[0031] b. Rapeseed seeds are selected from the rapeseed variety Huayouza 62, which is suitable for growing in the south and has strong advantages and is widely suitable for high-quality rapeseed. The rapeseed plant spacing is 20 cm, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the rapeseed planting density is 250,000 plants / hm2.2 ;

[0032] c. When rapeseed fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the content of N, P2O5 and K2O is 150kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 , one month after transplanting, add boron fertilizer, the content of which is 15kg / hm 2 ;

[0033] It is worth noting that Xianning, Hubei, is an area with abundant rainfall. It is necessary to pay attention to timely drainage to prevent rapeseed roots from rotting.

[0034] Step 2: In mid-May of the second year, interplant corn and soybeans in the previous crop belt, harvest corn and soybeans in mid-September and crush the corn and soybean stalks according to the original planting position, turning over the depth of 20cm to avoid exposing the stubble;

[0035] a. Before sowing, corn and soybean seeds were coated. The corn seeds were Zhengdan 958 and the soybean seeds were Zhonghuang No. 10.

[0036] b. Soybeans are only planted in 2 rows in the wide rows of corn, with a row spacing of 20 cm; the wide row spacing of corn is 80 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0037] c. Keep the previous crop width unchanged and plant corn and soybeans at the same time. Both corn and soybeans are planted in holes, with 1 corn seed per hole and 2-4 soybean seeds per hole; the corn planting density is 83,000 plants / hm2 2 , soybean planting density 28,000 plants / hm2 2 .

[0038] d. All base fertilizers for corn and soybeans, with N, P2O5 and K2O contents of 150 kg / hm2 respectively 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 .

[0039] Within 7 days after sowing corn and soybeans, use 56-78mL of 50% sethoxydim per mu, diluted with 45-60L of water, for pre-emergence weeding; after one month of growth, depending on the weed conditions in the field, use 150-200mL of 26% benzothiazolin·atrazine per mu of corn monocropping fields, diluted with 22-30L of water, and spray the stems and leaves of weeds 1 to 2 times in a targeted manner. Weeds in intercropped fields should be manually pulled out in a timely manner.

[0040] Step 3: In early November of the following year, continue the second cycle of rapeseed planting, and repeat step 2 after the rapeseed is harvested.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The difference between the corn intercropping cultivation method of this embodiment and that of embodiment 1 is that:

[0043] Two rows of peanuts are planted in a wide row of corn.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] This comparative example provides a corn intercropping method, which is different from Example 1 in that corn is sown alone and rapeseed rotation is not performed.

[0046] The crops of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested.

[0047] During the harvest period, three 1m 2 Sample plots were collected by putting samples from this area into net bags, threshing them manually and drying them until constant weight was reached, and then the actual yield was calculated. Soil samples were collected between the corn and soybean / peanut rows according to the "five-point sampling method" between the corn rows. Soil organic matter was determined by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) volumetric method-external heating method, and soil total nitrogen content was determined by H2SO4-mixed accelerator digestion and continuous flow analyzer (AA3). Root samples and soil aggregate samples were collected with corn as the center.

[0048] 1. Actual corn yield and root growth of rapeseed | corn intercropped with soybeans

[0049] The actual yield and root growth of corn in the embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1. The results show that the seed yield of rapeseed|corn-soybean intercropping treatment is the highest, which is 12789kg / ha. Compared with single corn sowing, the actual yield of corn in rapeseed|corn-soybean intercropping and rapeseed|corn-peanut intercropping treatments increased significantly by 42.33% and 29.87% respectively (P<0.05); rapeseed|corn-soybean intercropping and rapeseed|corn-peanut intercropping significantly increased the root length and root quality of corn (P<0.05).

[0050] Table 1 Actual yield, root length and root mass of corn in different planting patterns

[0051]

[0052] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0053] 2. Soil total nitrogen, organic matter content, bulk density and aggregate stability

[0054] The total nitrogen, organic matter content, bulk density and aggregate stability of the soil of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 2. The test results show that the introduction of rapeseed rotation and intercropping leguminous crops in the traditional corn monoculture continuous planting system can significantly increase soil nutrients and improve soil structure. The total nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil under the rapeseed|corn-soybean treatment were the highest, which were significantly increased by 9.31% and 7.60% respectively compared with corn monoculture (P<0.05). The rapeseed|corn-peanut treatment had the best effect on improving soil structure. Compared with corn monoculture, the soil bulk density and aggregate stability were significantly reduced by 13.29% and significantly increased by 40.20% respectively (P<0.05).

[0055] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of soil under different planting patterns

[0056]

[0057] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0058] It can be seen that compared with the traditional continuous corn cropping pattern, the introduction of rapeseed rotation and legume intercropping can significantly promote corn root growth, increase corn yield, increase soil nutrient content and improve soil structure, and is an ideal agricultural sustainable development planting model.

[0059] Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn intercropping cultivation method for enhancing soil function, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: In early November of the first year, fertilize and till the soil mechanically to create furrows for rapeseed transplanting. After harvesting in late April of the second year, till the soil and press the soil; Step 2: In mid-May of the second year, intercrop corn, soybeans / peanuts in the previous crop belt, harvest corn, soybeans / peanuts in mid-September and crush the corn and soybean stalks according to the original planting position and turn them over; Step 3: In early November of the following year, continue the second cycle of rapeseed planting, and repeat step 2 after the rapeseed is harvested.

2. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1 and step 2, the turning and pressing depth is 15 to 25 cm.

3. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 62; the rapeseed plant spacing is 20 cm, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the rapeseed planting density is 250,000 plants / hm2 2 .

4. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the rape fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, the contents of N, P2 O5 and K2 O in the base fertilizer are 150 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 , one month after transplanting, add boron fertilizer, the content of boron fertilizer is 15kg / hm 2 .

5. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, before sowing, the corn seeds and soybean / peanut seeds are coated, the corn seeds are Zhengdan 958, and the soybean seeds are Zhonghuang No.

10.

6. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The wide row spacing of the corn is 80 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; The soybeans / peanuts were planted in only 2 rows in the corn row width, with a row spacing of 20 cm.

7. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the bandwidth of the previous crop is kept unchanged, and corn and soybeans / peanuts are planted at the same time; corn and soybeans / peanuts are both planted in holes, with 1 corn seed per hole and 2 to 4 soybeans / peanuts per hole.

8. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The planting density of corn is 83,000 plants / hm2 2 The planting density of soybeans and peanuts is 28,000 plants / hm2. 2 .

9. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizers for corn and soybean / peanut are all basal fertilizers, with N, P2 O5 and K2 O contents of 150 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 .

10. The corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within 7 days after the corn and soybean / peanut are sown, 56-78 mL of 50% acetochlor per acre is diluted with 45-60 L of water to carry out pre-seedling weeding; After one month of growth, depending on the weed conditions in the field, use 150-200 mL of 26% benzothiazolinone·atrazine per mu of corn monocropping field, add 22-30 L of water, and spray the stems and leaves of the weeds 1 to 2 times. Weeds in intercropping fields should be manually removed in time.

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