Rice seedling raising substrate as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture substrates. The rice seedling raising substrate is prepared from 28%-42% of moss peat, 10%-30% of vermiculite, 12%-21% of yellow soil, 12%-21% of construction waste, 8%-14% of kitchen waste, 0.5%-1% of Lievecock, 0.1%-0.3% of intelligent control and 0.01%-0.02% of Sessi. According to the invention, the kitchen garbage and the construction garbage are used as raw materials, so that the environmental pollution caused by the garbage is eradicated, the burden of the society on garbage treatment is relieved, the cost is extremely low, huge economic benefits and social benefits are brought, and the problems of grain planting and grain yield improvement in regions with many people and few places are solved. The rice seedling raising substrate has the effects of improving the germination rate, increasing the seedling packing force, facilitating root growth and improving the seedling quality. And the preparation method is simple and suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture substrates, and in particular relates to a rice seedling culture substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Zhejiang is known as the "land of fish and rice". For Zhejiang, which has a large population and limited land, the basic food in agriculture is particularly important, especially the production of rice. The main rice planting methods include mechanized transplanting, precision hole direct seeding and drone aerial seeding. Among them, blanket seedling machine transplanting technology is the main mode of machine planting in Zhejiang. However, machine transplanting has strict standards for seedling density, plant height, seedling age, root growth, etc. Cultivating high-quality seedlings is an important prerequisite for ensuring the normal operation of the transplanter and obtaining high yields.

[0003] The seedling medium used for machine transplanting in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions is mainly divided into the following types: 1. The method of raising seedlings in paddy field mud relies on manual screening and impurity removal of the mud, and then manual traying and spreading of grains. It consumes a lot of manpower and is not efficient. The quality of the cultivated seedlings often varies, which is not conducive to standardized production. 2. The method is mainly based on nutrient soil such as paddy soil, red brick soil or yellow mud soil, which is screened and impurities are removed and various seedling strengthening agents are added. It can be matched with the seedling raising line to achieve mechanized and uniform sowing, but the germination rate of the nutrient soil seedling raising method is not high, and the weight of the blanket seedlings raised is as high as 8-10kg / tray, and the labor intensity of handling is high; the ratio of rice planting area to cultivated land for raising soil is close to 1000:1, and the large amount of soil required makes it difficult to take soil, and it destroys the arable layer, making it difficult to develop sustainably. 3. Seedlings grown with commercial soilless seedling raising substrates are stronger and have stronger rooting ability than those grown with conventional mud or nutrient soil seedling raising methods. However, there are many types of commercial soilless seedling raising methods, and there is no unified standard for substrate production. In addition, under rainy and typhoon-prone climate conditions, soilless seedling raising substrates have a light bulk density and low root adhesion, which makes it easy for seedlings to float during machine transplanting, and the seedlings are slow to stand and turn green, and have poor adaptability to the machine, which restricts the high yield and efficiency of machine transplanting. In the later stage, it is impossible to use relatively labor-saving manual seedling throwing to supplement the seedlings, and only manual transplanting can be used. Farmers have a very low acceptance rate and there are also problems with the safety of seedling growth. How to choose a good cultivation substrate is the key to healthy rice seedling cultivation.

[0004] At present, rock wool and peat are recognized as the most ideal cultivation substrates in the world, but rock wool is expensive and difficult to degrade. If used in large quantities, it will bring secondary pollution to the environment. Peat substrate mainly selects moss peat with good porosity as the main raw material. It does not contain pathogens, insect eggs and grass seeds, will not spread diseases, insects and weeds, has a high organic matter content, and is conducive to trays. It has been used to produce cultivation and seedling substrates. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the rice seedling raising substrate can promote the growth of rice seedlings.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a rice seedling raising matrix, comprising the following raw materials in volume percentage: 28%-42% of moss peat, 10%-30% of vermiculite, 12%-21% of yellow mud, 12%-21% of construction waste, 8%-14% of kitchen waste, 0.5%-1% of Livicock, 0.1%-0.3% of Zhikong, and 0.01%-0.02% of Yingsuqi.

[0008] Preferably, the peat moss is the peat moss sieved with a 10 mm sieve.

[0009] Preferably, the vermiculite is sieved through a 2 mm sieve.

[0010] Preferably, the yellow soil is yellow soil sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

[0011] Preferably, the construction waste is construction waste sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned rice seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) mixing 8% to 14% of moss peat and the kitchen waste, fermenting, drying, grinding, and sieving to obtain a premix A;

[0014] (2) mixing the construction waste and the yellow soil to obtain a premix B;

[0015] (3) mixing the premix A and the premix B to obtain a premix C;

[0016] (4) The premix C, the remaining amount of the moss peat, the vermiculite, the Livicock, the Zhikong and the Yingsuqi are mixed and stirred to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the volume percentages of the moss peat and the kitchen waste are the same; the fermentation is carried out at 40-60° C. for 60-90 days, and the ventilation volume of the fermentation is 3-5 L / min; during fermentation, the pile is turned over once every 1-3 days; the drying method is hot air drying at 200-250° C.; and the screening method is screening through a 2 mm sieve.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the volume percentage of the construction waste and the yellow mud is the same.

[0019] The present invention also provides an application of the rice seedling raising substrate or the preparation method in promoting the growth of rice seedlings.

[0020] Preferably, the growth traits include one or more of seedling height, first leaf sheath height, stem base width, main root length, number of adventitious roots, SPAD, fresh weight, dry matter weight, seedling index and rooting ability.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention provides a rice seedling medium and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention utilizes kitchen waste and construction waste as raw materials for the rice seedling medium, eradicates the pollution caused by waste to the environment, alleviates the burden of waste disposal on society, and has extremely low cost, brings huge economic and social benefits, and also solves the problem of grain planting and increasing grain production in areas with a large population and limited land. In addition, the rice seedling medium of the present invention has the effects of increasing germination rate, increasing seedling rooting force, facilitating root growth, and improving seedling quality. Moreover, the preparation method of the present invention is simple and suitable for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The invention provides a rice seedling raising matrix, comprising the following raw materials in volume percentage: 28%-42% of moss peat, 10%-30% of vermiculite, 12%-21% of yellow mud, 12%-21% of construction waste, 8%-14% of kitchen waste, 0.5%-1% of Livicock, 0.1%-0.3% of Zhikong, and 0.01%-0.02% of Yingsuqi.

[0024] In the present invention, the moss peat is the moss peat sieved with a 10mm sieve. The moss peat is purchased from the Chinese agent: Maoni (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., and the manufacturer: KLASMANN Company of Germany. The present invention finds that the moss peat has good permeability and high oxygen content, which is conducive to the growth of the root system; it has good water absorption and strong water retention, and it is easy to drain and not easy to rot the roots; the peat is both elastic and ductile, and can fix the root system without hindering the root system; it protects the root system from breaking during drought, and the large amount of water will not hinder the respiration of the root system; it has good heat insulation, does not hurt the roots, and does not carry diseases, insects, and weeds; it has a certain buffering capacity for fertilizer nutrients and pH values, and can reduce the occurrence of fertilizer damage and drug damage.

[0025] In the present invention, the vermiculite is the vermiculite sieved with a 2 mm sieve. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of vermiculite, and products known in the art or commercially available products can be used. The yellow soil is the yellow soil sieved with a 2 mm sieve. Specifically, the yellow soil refers to the yellow soil in the mountains of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The soil pH value is slightly acidic, and the organic matter content is 1% to 3%. It is crushed after mining and then sieved with a 2 mm sieve. The construction waste is the construction waste sieved with a 2 mm sieve. Specifically, the construction waste refers to construction materials containing one or more components such as cement, bricks, stones, etc., which are recycled, crushed and ground, and then sieved with a 2 mm sieve. The kitchen waste refers to the garbage generated in residents' daily life and food processing, catering services, unit catering and other activities, including discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, leftover rice, fruit peels, egg shells, tea dregs, bones (chicken bones, fish bones), etc. Its main sources are home kitchens, restaurants, hotels, canteens, markets and other industries related to food processing.

[0026] In the present invention, the Livicock is purchased from Italy's Qi Teng Co., Ltd., and the implementation standard is NY / T798-2015, and the registration certificate number is Microbial Fertilizer (2022) Standard (11749). Livicock in the present invention can effectively improve the soil aggregate structure, increase soil permeability, enhance microbial activity, and increase the proliferation of beneficial microbial colonies. At the same time, Livicock can make the soil have strong water and fertilizer retention properties, avoid the loss of the most precious nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and other beneficial substances of crops, and avoid soil solidification and compaction, thereby greatly improving the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizers in the soil.

[0027] In the present invention, the intelligent control is purchased from Orion International of the Netherlands, and the implementation standard is NY1429-2012, and the registration certificate number is Agricultural Fertilizer (2020) Standard No. 15631. The intelligent control of the present invention can improve the coordinated utilization of rice growth and reproductive growth to achieve the purpose of balanced growth. It is used for controlling the tip of rice seedlings, and it is very safe while controlling the tip, and is very friendly to the rice seedling medium, rice seedlings, and the environment.

[0028] In the present invention, the Insurge is purchased from Shanghai Water Teno Technology Co., Ltd. (Aiwano, USA), with the enterprise standard: Q / 310115STN001-2020, and is a soil moistening synergist, with the US trade name Insurge and the Chinese trade name Insurge. The Insurge in the present invention maintains the soil aggregate structure, moisture and nutrients, promotes the rapid germination and vigorous and uniform emergence of rice seeds, is a degradable polymer product, can save water and fertilizer, and is safe for humans, animals and plants.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned rice seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) mixing 8% to 14% of moss peat and the kitchen waste, fermenting, drying, grinding, and sieving to obtain a premix A;

[0031] (2) mixing the construction waste and the yellow soil to obtain a premix B;

[0032] (3) mixing the premix A and the premix B to obtain a premix C;

[0033] (4) The premix C, the remaining amount of the moss peat, the vermiculite, the Livicock, the Zhikong and the Yingsuqi are mixed and stirred to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0034] In the present invention, in step (1), the volume percentages of the moss peat and the kitchen waste are the same; the fermentation is carried out at 40-60°C for 60-90 days, and further at 45-55°C for 70-80 days, and the ventilation volume of the fermentation is 3-5L / min, and further 3.5-4.5L / min; during fermentation, the pile is turned over once every 1-3 days, such as once a day or once every 2 days; the drying method is hot air drying at 200-250°C, and further hot air drying at 220-230°C; the sieving method is sieving through a 2mm sieve. The premix A obtained by fermentation in the present invention can effectively promote the growth of rice seedlings.

[0035] In step (2) of the present invention, the volume percentage of the construction waste and the yellow mud is the same.

[0036] The rice seedling raising substrate prepared by the present invention improves the germination rate, increases the rooting force of the seedlings, is beneficial to the growth of the root system, improves the quality of the seedlings, and has a simple preparation method and low cost.

[0037] The present invention also provides an application of the rice seedling raising substrate or the preparation method in promoting the growth of rice seedlings.

[0038] In the present invention, the growth traits preferably include one or more of seedling height, first leaf sheath height, stem base width, main root length, adventitious root number, SPAD, fresh weight, dry matter weight, seedling index, and rooting ability.

[0039] As an implementation method, the yellow soil refers to the yellow soil in the mountains of Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, with a slightly acidic pH value and an organic matter content of 1% to 3%, which is obtained by crushing after mining and then sieving with a 2mm sieve. The yellow soil has low cost.

[0040] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] In the following embodiments, the kitchen waste refers to the waste generated in residents' daily life and food processing, catering services, unit catering and other activities, including discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, leftover rice, fruit peels, egg shells, tea dregs, bones (chicken bones, fish bones), etc. Its main sources are family kitchens, restaurants, hotels, canteens, markets and other industries related to food processing.

[0043] The construction waste refers to construction materials containing one or more components such as cement, bricks, stones, etc., which are obtained by recycling, crushing and grinding, and then sieving through a 2mm sieve.

[0044] The yellow soil refers to the yellow soil in the mountains of Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, with a soil pH value of slightly acidic and an organic matter content of 1% to 3%. It is obtained by breaking it up after mining and then sieving it with a 2mm sieve.

[0045] The vermiculite is the vermiculite sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

[0046] The moss peat is the moss peat sieved with a 10 mm sieve.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 12% yellow mud, 36.885% moss peat, 30% vermiculite, 12% construction waste, 8% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0049] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0050] 8% of moss peat and 8% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0051] 12% of construction waste and 12% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0052] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0053] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 30% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 15% yellow mud, 38.885% moss peat, 20% vermiculite, 15% construction waste, 10% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0056] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0057] 10% of peat moss and 10% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0058] 15% of construction waste and 15% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0059] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0060] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 20% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 18% yellow mud, 40.885% moss peat, 10% vermiculite, 18% construction waste, 12% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0063] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0064] 12% of moss peat and 12% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0065] 18% of construction waste and 18% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0066] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0067] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 10% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 18% yellow mud, 30.885% moss peat, 20% vermiculite, 18% construction waste, 12% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0070] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0071] 12% of moss peat and 12% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0072] 18% of construction waste and 18% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0073] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0074] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 20% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 15% yellow mud, 28.885% moss peat, 30% vermiculite, 15% construction waste, 10% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0077] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0078] 10% of peat moss and 10% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0079] 15% of construction waste and 15% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0080] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0081] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 30% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] A rice seedling medium is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 21% yellow mud, 32.885% moss peat, 10% vermiculite, 21% construction waste, 14% kitchen waste, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi.

[0084] The preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0085] 14% of peat moss and 14% of kitchen waste were mixed and stirred, and then aerobically fermented at 50° C. and a ventilation rate of 4 L / min for 75 days, and the pile was turned over every 2 days, and then dried with hot air at 225° C., ground, and sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain a premix A;

[0086] 21% of construction waste and 21% of yellow soil are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix B;

[0087] The premix A and the premix B are mixed and stirred to obtain a premix C;

[0088] The premix C, the remaining amount of moss peat, 10% vermiculite, 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, and 0.015% Yingsuqi were mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a rice seedling medium.

[0089] Test Example 1

[0090] Determination of the physicochemical properties of the rice seedling medium prepared in Examples 1 to 6

[0091] 1.1 Bulk density determination

[0092] Investigation of the physicochemical properties of the rice seedling medium: The air-dried rice seedling medium of Examples 1 to 6 was added to a 300 mL (8 cm × 6 cm) aluminum box (mass 40 g), and then weighed; then soaked in water for 24 hours, and weighed again; the water in the beaker was naturally drained and weighed again. The bulk density was calculated according to the formula: V2 = (m1-m2) / D B .

[0093] Among them, D B =(m4-m3) / V1, V1=20L;

[0094] Total weight of packaging + physical object (m1);

[0095] Packing weight (m2);

[0096] 20L EN standard drum weight (m3);

[0097] EN standard drum + actual weight (m4).

[0098] 1.2 pH and EC value determination

[0099] The air-dried rice seedling substrate samples of Examples 1 to 6 were mixed with deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:5, and the mixture was shaken for 30 minutes using an oscillator. After filtering, the pH value and EC value were measured using a pH tester and a conductivity meter, respectively.

[0100] 1.3 Seedling treatment before transplanting

[0101] Before transplanting, the Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 rice seeds were sown and planted in the 25 mm thick rice seedling substrates of Examples 1 to 6, without applying any fertilizer and watering once a day.

[0102] 1.4 Determination of relevant indicators of seedlings before transplanting

[0103] Plant height, leaf age, stem base width, adventitious root number, taproot length determination

[0104] Use a ruler to measure plant height, leaf age, stem base width, number of adventitious roots, and taproot length.

[0105] 1.5 Determination of rice SPAD value

[0106] The SPAD value was measured using a chlorophyll meter SPAD-502Plus.

[0107] 1.6 Packing force measurement

[0108] To measure the root binding force of the seedling block, cut some seedling blocks (28cm×15cm) from the seedling tray and place them horizontally on a wooden board. Fix one end and clamp both ends with wooden splints. Use a spring scale hook to pull the other end horizontally until the seedling block breaks. The tension value displayed on the spring scale is the root binding force of the seedling block.

[0109] 1.7 Determination of seedling index

[0110] The calculation formula of the seedling index is: seedling index = (stem base width / plant height + underground part dry mass / above ground part dry mass) × total dry mass.

[0111] In the determination methods of 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 to 1.7 above, CK refers to yellow soil, and the variety of the seedlings is rice Jiayou Zhongke No. 3.

[0112] WPS Office5.2.1 (Excel) software was used to process the data, SPSS26 software was used for statistical analysis, and the compound range method was used for significant difference test (P<0.05).

[0113] The rational shapes of the rice seedling substrates of Examples 1 to 6 (respectively referred to as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) are shown in Table 1.

[0114] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of different rice seedling substrates

[0115]

[0116] The soil pH suitable for rice seedling growth is 5.5-8.0, the EC value is less than 3mS / cm and the bulk density is 0.2-0.8g / cm 3 .

[0117] The results in Table 1 show that the rice seedling-raising substrates of Examples 1 to 6 are suitable for the growth of rice seedlings.

[0118] The effects of the rice seedling medium of Examples 1 to 6 (respectively referred to as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) on the growth of rice seedlings are shown in Table 2

[0119] Table 2 Effects of different rice seedling medium on rice seedlings

[0120]

[0121] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences at the 5% level.

[0122] 1.8 Conclusion:

[0123] Rice leaf age refers to the number of leaves that have grown on the main stem of rice, which is an important indicator for measuring the growth process of rice plants. As shown in Table 2, there is no significant difference in the leaf age of rice seedlings under different treatments.

[0124] Plant height refers to the vertical height from the root neck (or ground surface) of the rice plant to the top of the normal growth. The rice seedling raising substrate of the present invention inhibits the growth of the rice plant. As can be seen from the table, the rice treated with T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 are all lower than CK, and the plant height of T4 treatment is the shortest, only 11.88 cm. From the standard deviation, it can be seen that the uniformity of the rice seedlings of the rice seedling raising substrate of the present invention is high.

[0125] The first leaf sheath height of rice refers to the height between the first fully expanded leaf on the rice plant and the leaf sheath below it. As shown in Table 2, the first leaf sheath heights of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 treatments were all lower than that of CK, and the first leaf sheath height of T2 treatment was the shortest, only 3.27 cm.

[0126] The stem base width refers to the width of the cross section of the rice stem at the base. As shown in Table 2, the stem base widths of the T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 treatments were all higher than those of the CK. Rice plants with wide and thick stem bases have stronger lodging resistance and better support capacity, which is beneficial to the growth and development of rice.

[0127] The taproot length here refers to the length from the ground diameter along the seedling root to the taproot tip. As shown in Table 2, the taproot lengths of treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 were all longer than those of CK.

[0128] The number of adventitious roots of rice refers to the number of roots that originate from the base of the rice stem from bottom to top. The number of adventitious roots in the T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 treatments was significantly higher than that in CK, and the number of adventitious roots in the T2 treatment was the most divided.

[0129] The SPAD value is based on the absorption characteristics of chlorophyll to light. It is measured by the reflected light of a specific band and is used to measure the relative content of chlorophyll in leaves. The SPAD value is directly related to the photosynthesis capacity of rice leaves, which in turn affects the growth and yield of rice. A higher SPAD value usually indicates a high chlorophyll content and strong photosynthesis capacity in the leaves; conversely, a low SPAD value may indicate a low chlorophyll content and limited photosynthesis capacity. As shown in Table 2, the SPAD values ​​of all treatments are higher than CK, and the SPAD value of the T4 treatment is the highest, at 23.57 units.

[0130] The fresh weight of rice refers to the mass of rice plants or specific parts (such as leaves, stems, seeds, etc.) in their natural state, that is, the weight of all water and organic matter. Fresh weight is a direct indicator of rice biomass or growth, which can reflect the growth rate and biomass accumulation of rice. As shown in Table 2, the fresh weight of all treatments is higher than that of CK.

[0131] The dry matter content of rice refers to the weight of the material (protein, cellulose, starch) remaining after all free water is removed from the rice plant or a specific part. The dry matter content is an important indicator for measuring the accumulation of organic matter, the amount of nutrients, and the stress resistance of rice. As shown in Table 2, the dry matter content of all treatments was higher than that of CK.

[0132] The seedling index is an important indicator to measure the growth and development of rice seedlings. It is usually based on a comprehensive evaluation of multiple growth parameters and can reflect the growth and physiological state of the seedlings during the seedling stage. As shown in Table 2, the seedling index of all treatments was higher than that of CK, and the seedling index of T2 and T4 treatments was higher;

[0133] Rice root packing force refers to the ability of rice roots to closely contact soil particles and form a stable root network due to diffusion, bending, entanglement, etc. during growth. As shown in Table 2, the root packing force of all treatments was significantly higher than that of CK, and the highest one was 55.77N in T4 treatment.

[0134] It can be seen from the above results that the rice seedling raising substrate of the present invention can increase the rooting force of the seedlings, is beneficial to the growth of the root system, and improves the quality of the seedlings.

[0135] Test Example 1

[0136] (1) The first preliminary experiment is as follows:

[0137] This pilot experiment is divided into S1, S2, and S3 groups:

[0138] The rice seedling medium of group S1 was yellow soil.

[0139] The rice seedling substrate of group S2 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 60% yellow soil, 10% peat moss and 30% vermiculite, which is prepared by mixing the yellow soil, peat moss and vermiculite.

[0140] The rice seedling substrate of group S3 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 50% yellow soil, 30% peat moss and 20% vermiculite. It is prepared by mixing the yellow soil, peat moss and vermiculite.

[0141] The Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 rice seeds were sown and planted in 25 mm thick S1, S2, and S3 rice seedling substrates, respectively. During the period, nutrient solution was applied once (the concentration of the nutrient solution was 1‰ ordinary balanced compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer were 15%, 15%, and 15%, respectively, the water consumption was 0.5 kg / tray, and the size of the rice seedling tray was 0.3 m×0.6 m), and then watered once a day.

[0142] Before transplanting, the seedlings treated with each rice seedling medium were tested for plant height, leaf age, stem base width, SPAD value, number of adventitious roots, taproot length and rooting force. The specific testing method refers to the method for testing related indicators of seedlings before transplanting described in Experimental Example 1.

[0143] Table 3 Effects of different seedling medium on rice seedling characteristics

[0144]

[0145] The results in Table 3 show that the rice treated with S3 has better effects, and subsequent experiments will continue with the S3 treatment.

[0146] (2) The second preliminary test is as follows:

[0147] This pilot experiment is divided into P1 and P2 groups:

[0148] The rice seedling substrate of group P1 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 50% yellow soil, 30% peat moss and 20% vermiculite. It is prepared by mixing the yellow soil, peat moss and vermiculite.

[0149] The rice seedling substrate of group P2 was made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 50% of the premix C of Example 2, 30% of peat moss and 20% of vermiculite. The substrate was prepared by mixing the premix C, peat moss and vermiculite.

[0150] The Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 rice seeds were sown and planted in the 25 mm thick rice seedling substrates of the P1 and P2 groups, and nutrient solution was applied once during the period (the concentration of the nutrient solution was 1‰ ordinary balanced compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer were 15%, 15% and 15% respectively, the water consumption was 0.5 kg / tray, and the size of the rice seedling tray was 0.3 m×0.6 m), and then watered once a day.

[0151] Before transplanting, the seedlings treated with each rice seedling medium were measured for plant height, leaf age, first leaf sheath height, stem base width, SPAD value, fresh weight, dry matter weight, seedling index, adventitious root number, taproot length and rooting force. The specific measurement method refers to the method for measuring relevant indicators of seedlings before transplanting described in Experimental Example 1.

[0152] Table 4 Results of rice seedling trait indicators after different rice seedling medium treatments

[0153] deal with P1 P2 Leaf Age 2.18±0.11 2.15±0.19 Plant height (cm) 12.89±1.08 12.74±1.15 Stem base width (cm) 0.128±0.02 0.132±0.03 Taproot length (cm) 12.62±2.12 12.79±2.81 indefinite root number 8.13±1.44 8.18±1.19 SPAD value 18.48±3.80 18.65±3.60 Packing force(N) 39.41±5.23 40.99±1.06

[0154] It can be seen from Table 4 that the treatment effects of P2 and P1 are similar, and the subsequent experiments will be carried out on the basis of P2.

[0155] (3) The third preliminary test is as follows:

[0156] This pilot experiment is divided into B1, B2, B3 and B4 groups:

[0157] The rice seedling substrate of group B1 is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 50% of the premix C of Example 2, 30% of peat moss and 20% of vermiculite. The substrate is prepared by mixing the premix C, peat moss and vermiculite.

[0158] The rice seedling substrate of group B2 is made of the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 50% of the premix C of Example 2, 30% of mushroom residues and 20% of vermiculite. The substrate is prepared by mixing the premix C, mushroom residues and vermiculite.

[0159] The rice seedling substrate of group B3 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 50% coal slag, 30% moss peat and 20% vermiculite, and is prepared by mixing the above coal slag, moss peat and vermiculite.

[0160] The rice seedling substrate of group B4 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 50% premix C of Example 2, 30% moss peat and 20% mushroom residue. It is prepared by mixing the premix C, moss peat and mushroom residue.

[0161] The coal slag refers to a type of industrial solid waste, which is the waste residue discharged from coal-fired power plants, industrial and civil boilers and other equipment, also known as slag.

[0162] The mushroom residue is also called mushroom residue, which is the waste left over from mushroom production and is obtained after high-temperature sterilization.

[0163] The Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 rice seeds were sown and planted in 25 mm thick rice seedling substrates of groups B1, B2, B3 and B4, respectively. During the period, nutrient solution was applied once (the concentration of the nutrient solution was 1‰ ordinary balanced compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer were 15%, 15% and 15% respectively, the water consumption was 0.5 kg / tray, and the size of the rice seedling tray was 0.3 m×0.6 m), and then watered once a day.

[0164] Before transplanting, the seedlings treated with each rice seedling medium were tested for plant height, leaf age, stem base width, SPAD value, number of adventitious roots, taproot length and rooting force. The specific testing method refers to the method for testing related indicators of seedlings before transplanting described in Experimental Example 1.

[0165] Table 5 Effects of different rice seedling medium treatments on seedling growth indicators

[0166]

[0167] It can be seen from Table 5 that B1 has a better effect.

[0168] (4) The fourth preliminary test is as follows

[0169] This pilot experiment is divided into Q1, Q2 and Q3 groups:

[0170] The rice seedling substrate of group Q1 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 1‰ water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20), 1‰ Bacillus subtilis and the remainder of mixture 1; the mixture 1 is the premix C of Example 2, peat moss and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The substrate is prepared by mixing the premix C, peat moss, vermiculite, water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20) and Bacillus subtilis.

[0171] The rice seedling substrate of group Q2 was prepared from the following raw materials in volume percentage: 1‰ compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) and the remainder of mixture 1; the mixture 1 was the premix C of Example 2, peat moss and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The premix C, peat moss, vermiculite and compound fertilizer were mixed to obtain the mixture.

[0172] The rice seedling substrate of group Q3 is made of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 0.9% Livicock, 0.2% Zhikong, 0.015% Yingsuqi and the balance of mixture 3; the mixture 3 is the premix C of Example 2, moss peat and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The mixture is prepared by mixing the above premix C, moss peat, vermiculite, Livicock, Kongde and Yingsuqi.

[0173] The Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 rice seeds were sown and planted in 25 mm thick rice seedling substrates of groups Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively. No fertilizer was applied during the period, and water was applied once a day.

[0174] Before transplanting, the seedlings treated with each rice seedling medium were measured for plant height, leaf age, first leaf sheath height, stem base width, SPAD value, fresh weight, dry matter weight, seedling index, adventitious root number, taproot length and rooting force. The specific measurement method refers to the method for measuring relevant indicators of seedlings before transplanting described in Experimental Example 1.

[0175] Table 6 Effects of different rice seedling medium treatments on seedling growth characteristics

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] It can be seen from Table 6 that the rice growth effect of Q3 is better.

[0179] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising substrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in volume percentage: 28% to 42% of moss and peat, 10% to 30% of vermiculite, 12% to 21% of yellow soil, 12% to 21% of construction waste, 8% to 14% of kitchen waste, 0.5% to 1% of Lifecock, 0.1% to 0.3% of intelligent control and 0.01% to 0.02% of Yingsuqi.

2. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moss peat is the moss peat sieved with a 10 mm sieve.

3. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vermiculite is the vermiculite sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

4. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yellow soil is the yellow soil sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

5. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction waste is construction waste sieved with a 2 mm sieve.

6. A method for preparing the rice seedling culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing 8% to 14% of moss peat and the kitchen waste, fermenting, drying, grinding, and sieving to obtain a premix A; (2) mixing the construction waste and the yellow soil to obtain a premix B; (3) mixing the premix A and the premix B to obtain a premix C; (4) The premix C, the remaining amount of the moss peat, the vermiculite, the Livicock, the Zhikong and the Yingsuqi are mixed and stirred to obtain a rice seedling medium.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (1), the volume percentages of the moss peat and the kitchen waste are the same; the fermentation is carried out at 40-60° C. for 60-90 days, and the ventilation volume of the fermentation is 3-5 L / min; during fermentation, the pile is turned over once every 1-3 days; the drying method is hot air drying at 200-250° C.; and the screening method is screening through a 2 mm sieve.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the volume percentage of the construction waste and the yellow mud is the same.

9. Use of the rice seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 in promoting the growth of rice seedlings.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The growth traits include one or more of seedling height, first leaf sheath height, stem base width, main root length, adventitious root number, SPAD, fresh weight, dry matter weight, seedling index and rooting ability.

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