Cultivation medium and cultivation method for codonopsis convolvulacea

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, in particular to a cultivation medium and a cultivation method for codonopsis convolvulacea, and research finds that a fermentation substrate obtained by fermenting peat soil and wood fibers in a specific proportion through wood-rotting fungi is rich in a large amount of nutrients; the fermentation substrate and fine sand are used in a specific ratio, so that growth and seedling emergence of the codonopsis convolvulacea seeds are facilitated, and meanwhile, the problems of more weeds and diseases and pests in soil are solved. The emergence rate of the thin-leaf codonopsis convolvulacea is remarkably increased, the emergence time is shortened, the plant height, the root weight, the emergence rate, the flowering rate, the leaf width and the leaf length are increased, the effective plant survival rate can be high, and the yield of medicinal materials can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, and in particular to a cultivation medium and a cultivation method of thin-leaved egg ginseng. Background Art

[0002] Thin-leaved egg ginseng is the dried root of the herbaceous plant Thin-leaved egg ginseng (Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz subsp.vinciflora (Kom.) DYHong) (commonly known as: Radius Crown Codonopsis), and its Tibetan medicine name is Niwa.

[0003] The stem base of the thin-leaved egg ginseng is very short with a few tuber-like stem scars. The root is tuberous, nearly ovoid or egg-shaped, 2.5-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, grayish yellow on the surface, with short and fine rings at the top and sparsely long horizontal lenticels at the bottom. The stem is twining or nearly erect, unbranched or with a few branches, up to more than 1 meter long, glabrous or hairy. The leaves are alternate or sometimes opposite, evenly distributed above or densely clustered in the middle and lower part of the stem, hairy or glabrous: completely without petioles to with long petioles up to 5.5 cm long: the leaf blade is almost linear to broad and oval, the leaf base is cuneate, obtuse or cordate, the apex is obtuse, acute or acuminate, the margin is entire or with wavy blunt teeth, the texture is thick and papery or thin and thin papery or membranous, 2-10 cm long, 0.2-10 cm wide. Flowers solitary on the main stem and lateral branches: pedicels 2-12 cm long, glabrous: calyx adnate to the ovary top, lobes superior, tube oblong conical, 3-7 mm long, 4-10 mm in diameter, lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the apex, entire, 0.4-1.1 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, glabrous, interlobes narrowly or slightly obtuse: corolla radial and nearly 5-partite, lobes elliptic, 1-3.5 cm long, 0.6-1.2 cm wide, light blue or bluish purple, acute at the apex: filaments broad at base, densely pubescent inside, slender at upper part, only 1-2 mm long, anthers 4-5 mm long. Fruit superior part short conical, lobes about 4 mm long, inferior part oblong conical, about 1-1.6 cm long, 8 mm in diameter, with 10 veins, glabrous. There are many seeds, oblong, wingless, 1.5 mm long, brownish yellow, shiny. Flowering and fruiting period is July-October. Pick the flowers from July to August and dry them; dig the roots in September, wash and dry them; place them in a cool and dry place, moisture-proof and moth-proof. "Flora of China" distributes them in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and northwest Yunnan. They grow on mountain grass slopes or shrubs at an altitude of 2700-4500m, on the edge of fields and forests. Functions and indications: Roots: can nourish the spleen and stomach, and enhance the sense of smell. Indications: colds, chest pain, and loss of appetite. Flowers: treat liver heat.

[0004] In the prior art, the cultivation of thin-leaved egg ginseng mainly relies on the traditional method of planting in cultivated soil. However, this method has the following problems: ① Soil condition limitations: the quality, fertility, weeds, and pests of the soil directly affect the growth and yield of thin-leaved egg ginseng. ② Difficulty in managing weeds and pests: The management of weeds and pests in soil planting requires a lot of manpower and material resources. ③ Long growth cycle: The growth cycle of thin-leaved egg ginseng in soil planting is relatively long, which affects the yield and economic benefits.

[0005] To this end, Chinese patent document CN108496777A provides a soilless cultivation method for egg ginseng, using soilless culture substrate and nutrient solution to cultivate egg ginseng; 1-14 days after planting: temperature is 18-28°C, humidity is 60%-80%, and light intensity is 14000LUX; 15-28 days: temperature is 20-28°C, humidity is 60%-80%, and light intensity is 16000-20000LUX; after 28 days: temperature is 23-35°C, humidity is 60%-80%, and light intensity is 25000-30000LUX; thin fertilizer is frequently applied and the plant needs to be fertilized every 5-7 days. However, the root tubers of medicinal materials are transplanted and planted, but the survival rate of medicinal materials is low and the seedling training time is long, resulting in low medicinal material yield. Summary of the invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem of low yield of thin-leaved egg ginseng medicinal materials in soilless cultivation in the prior art, thereby providing a cultivation medium and a cultivation method for thin-leaved egg ginseng.

[0007] To this end, in the first aspect, the present application provides a cultivation substrate for Thin-leaved Egg Panax notoginseng, which is composed of a fermentation substrate and fine sand in a mass ratio of 4 to 6:1, and the fermentation substrate is prepared by fermenting a composition including peat soil and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 in the presence of wood decaying fungi.

[0008] The fine sand described in the present invention refers to sand particles with a particle size of 0.063 to 1 mm. Peat soil refers to soil in certain river and lake sedimentary low plains and mountain valleys, where due to long-term waterlogging and dense aquatic vegetation, a large amount of incompletely decomposed plant residues accumulate and form a peat layer in the absence of oxygen. The wood fiber refers to wood fibers with a diameter of ≤1 mm and a length of ≤50 mm processed from old wood or tree branches. The peat soil and wood fiber of this application are both conventional commercially available products, for example, purchased from Shijiazhuang Wu Zhanggui Horticulture Co., Ltd.

[0009] Further, based on 100% of the mass of the fermented substrate, the mass of the wood-rotting fungi is 0.3-1.5%; and / or the wood-rotting fungi include brown rot fungi.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for preparing a cultivation medium of thin-leaved egg ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The peat soil, wood fiber and wood decay fungi are mixed and fermented to obtain a fermentation base;

[0012] The fermented base is mixed with fine sand to prepare the cultivation medium for the thin-leaved egg ginseng.

[0013] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature is 30-40°C and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application also provides a method for cultivating Thin-leaved Egg Panax notoginseng, comprising sowing Thin-leaved Egg Panax notoginseng seeds into the cultivation medium or the cultivation medium prepared by the preparation method for seedling cultivation.

[0015] Furthermore, before sowing, the seeds of the thin-leaved egg ginseng are subjected to germination treatment. Preferably, the germination is performed by soaking the seeds in a gibberellin (GA3) solution; more preferably, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 0.5-2 mg / L; more preferably, the soaking time is 12-16 hours.

[0016] The gibberellin solution is an aqueous solution formed by dissolving gibberellin in water.

[0017] Furthermore, the cultivation method also includes a seedbed preparation step, the seedbed is filled with the cultivation matrix, and the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds are sown into the cultivation matrix filled in the seedbed; preferably, the height of the seedbed is not less than 20 cm (for example, 20-30 cm), the length is 3 to 10 m, the width is 0.8 to 1.5 m, and the height of the cultivation matrix is ​​not less than 15 cm (for example, 15-18 cm).

[0018] Furthermore, after the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds are sown into the cultivation medium, the surface is covered with a 1-2 cm thick cultivation medium; and / or the sowing density is 0.5-1 seeds / cm 2 .

[0019] Furthermore, during the seedling raising process, shading treatment is carried out under natural strong light conditions, the shading rate is 40-60%, and the moisture content of the substrate is maintained at 35-50% (mass content).

[0020] Furthermore, when the plant height of the thin-leaved egg ginseng is 15-30cm, a frame is erected.

[0021] Furthermore, the principle of frequent irrigation with small amounts of water and infiltration as irrigation progresses is adhered to, and the irrigation method is sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation can evenly supply water, reduce water waste, and keep the soil moist at the same time.

[0022] Observe the growth of weeds at all times and weed them in a timely manner, removing them as they grow.

[0023] The weeding method is manual weeding to avoid using chemical herbicides to cause harm to the thin-leaved egg ginseng.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. The cultivation substrate of the thin-leaved egg ginseng provided by the present invention is composed of a fermentation substrate and fine sand in a mass ratio of 4 to 6:1, and the fermentation substrate is obtained by fermenting a composition including peat soil and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 in the presence of wood-decaying fungi. Studies have found that the fermentation substrate obtained after the fermentation of wood-decaying fungi containing peat soil and wood fiber in a specific ratio is rich in nutrients. The use of the fermentation substrate and fine sand in a specific ratio is not only conducive to the growth and emergence of thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds, but also avoids the problems of weeds and pests and diseases in the soil. The emergence rate of thin-leaved egg ginseng is significantly improved, the emergence time is shortened, the plant height, root weight, emergence rate, flowering rate, leaf width, and leaf length are increased, the survival rate of the effective plants is high, and the yield of medicinal materials can be effectively increased.

[0026] 2. The cultivation method of the thin-leaved egg ginseng provided by the present invention further includes germinating the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds before sowing. Preferably, the germination is to soak the seeds in a gibberellin solution, which can improve the germination rate and growth rate of the seeds.

[0027] 3. The cultivation method of thin-leaf egg ginseng provided by the present invention further comprises a seedbed preparation step, the seedbed is filled with the cultivation matrix, and the thin-leaf egg ginseng seeds are sown into the cultivation matrix filled in the seedbed; preferably, the height of the seedbed is not less than 20 cm, the length is 3 to 10 m, the width is 0.8 to 1.5 m, and the height of the cultivation matrix is ​​not less than 15 cm. The above-mentioned seedbed is easy to manage and operate, and at the same time ensures the growth environment of the seeds.

[0028] When the plant height of the thin-leaved egg ginseng is about 15-30cm (for example, 20cm), use dry branches or climbing wires to make the climbing body in time, so that the stems and vines can grow on the trellis. The trellis method should be flexible, and the materials should be used locally. The more practical the better. The trellis can support the growth of the stems and vines, and improve the yield and quality.

[0029] The seedbed design and scaffolding method are easy to manage and operate, reducing management costs. This method avoids the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is environmentally friendly, and conforms to the concept of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a picture of the cultivation substrate made in Example B1 of the present invention after being filled into the seedbed;

[0032] Figure 2 These are pictures of the thin-leaved egg ginseng planted using the cultivation medium of Example A1 in the experimental example of the present invention after flowering and after trellising. The left side is the picture after flowering, and the right side is the picture after trellising. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the best mode of implementation, nor to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior arts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] If the specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified in the examples, the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field can be carried out. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially. The wood-rotting fungi used in the following examples are brown rot fungi, specifically Monilinia fructicola.

[0035] Example A1

[0036] This embodiment provides a cultivation medium for thin-leaved egg ginseng and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) 300 kg of peat soil, 100 kg of wood fiber and 1.5 kg of microbial strains (specific species: wood decaying fungi) were mixed and fermented at 30° C. for 5 days to obtain a fermentation base.

[0038] (2) 400 kg of fermented base was mixed with 100 kg of fine sand to prepare the cultivation medium of thin-leaved egg ginseng.

[0039] Example A2

[0040] This embodiment provides a cultivation medium for egg ginseng and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) 400 kg of peat soil, 100 kg of wood fiber and 4 kg of microbial strains (specific type: wood decaying fungi) were mixed and fermented at 35° C. for 6 days to obtain a fermentation base.

[0042] (2) Mix 500 kg of fermented base with 100 kg of fine sand to prepare the cultivation medium for egg ginseng.

[0043] Example A3

[0044] This embodiment provides a cultivation medium for egg ginseng and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) 500 kg of peat soil, 100 kg of wood fiber and 7.5 kg of microbial strains (specific species: wood decaying fungi) were mixed and fermented at 40° C. for 7 days to obtain a fermentation base.

[0046] (2) 600 kg of fermented base was mixed with 100 kg of fine sand to prepare the cultivation medium for egg ginseng.

[0047] Comparative Example A1

[0048] This comparative example adopts deep soil as the cultivation medium (deep soil refers to the soil taken from at least 10 meters below the ground surface).

[0049] Comparative Example A2

[0050] This comparative example provides a cultivation medium for thin-leaved egg ginseng and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0051] The cultivation substrate of Example 1 and the deep soil obtained in Comparative Example 1 were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a culture medium.

[0052] Example B1

[0053] This embodiment provides a method for cultivating thin-leaved egg ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0054] (1) Land preparation: Plow the land more than 20 cm deep, pick up weeds and stones during the plowing process, and then rake the ground flat and loose.

[0055] (2) Seedbed preparation: The seedbeds were built in the greenhouse with wooden boards. The seedbeds were arranged vertically. The height of the seedbeds was 20 cm, the length was 4 m, and the width was 1 m. The area of ​​each seedbed was 4 m. 2 The cultivation medium prepared in Example A1 is filled into the seedbed. Figure 1 As shown, the seedbed is deep-turned, and weeds are picked up during the deep-turning process. The cultivation substrate is 4 to 5 cm (15 to 16 cm) lower than the seedbed, and the surface of the seedbed is raked flat.

[0056] (3) Seed germination: Soak the selected seeds of Thin-leaved Egg Ginseng in a 2 mg / L KMnO4 solution for 10 minutes for disinfection and then dry them. Then soak them in a GA3 (1 mg / L) solution for 12 hours for germination. Drain the excess water from the germinated seeds and mix them with fine sand and clean seeds in a mass ratio of 20:1, stir evenly (to facilitate sowing), and put them into a pot for later use.

[0057] (4) Sowing: Sow the mixed seeds evenly on the seedbed at a density of 0.8 seeds / cm 2 , then cover with 1 cm thick cultivation substrate, sow by broadcasting, and irrigate thoroughly after sowing.

[0058] (5) Seedling cultivation: Since weeds grow fast, they will affect the normal emergence of thin-leaved egg ginseng and harm the growth of thin-leaved egg ginseng seedlings. Therefore, weed growth should be observed at any time and removed manually in time. Shading treatment should be carried out under natural light conditions. The seedling greenhouse should be equipped with a sunshade net with a shading rate of about 50%. The temperature of the seedling greenhouse should be 20°C and the relative humidity should be 40%. Since thin-leaved egg ginseng seedlings like moisture, shade and are afraid of strong light, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of frequent irrigation with small amounts of water and infiltration as irrigation progresses. The irrigation method is sprinkler irrigation, and the water content of the substrate is maintained at 40% ± 5%.

[0059] When the plant height of the thin-leaved egg ginseng is 20cm, use dry branches or climbing wires to make the thin-leaved egg ginseng climbing body and build a frame to allow the stems and vines to grow on the frame. See the pictures after flowering and after building the frame. Figure 2 shown.

[0060] It has been observed that the thin-leaved egg ginseng has a long flowering period, generally about 30 days, and it blooms and bears fruit in the same year. The seeds should be harvested in batches according to the maturity of the capsules. After the harvested capsules are dried in a cool and ventilated place, they are gently rubbed with a wooden stick or hands, and then separated from the seeds by sifting. The seeds are then put into paper or cloth bags and stored in a cool and ventilated place.

[0061] Experimental Example 1

[0062] The cultivation substrates of Example A1, Comparative Example A1 and Comparative Example A2 were respectively used, and the cultivation method of Example B1 was adopted for cultivation to investigate the effects of different seedling raising substrates on the seed germination rate and plant growth of Thin-leaved Egg Panax ginseng.

[0063] Starting from the day of seedling raising of thin-leaved egg ginseng, the germination and emergence of thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds were observed every day. The earliest emergence time of thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds was May 20, 2023 (the 22nd day), and the earliest flowering time was from July to October 2023 (the 72nd day). Through observation, it was found that different substrates had a significant effect on the emergence time of thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds. The specific emergence time and emergence rate are shown in Table 1 below.

[0064] After 135 days of planting, the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root weight and flowering rate of the plants under different cultivation substrates were measured. 100 plants were randomly selected from each group for measurement, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 1 Seedling rate of thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds at different times under different cultivation substrates

[0066] Matrix Seed quantity Day 20 Day 25 Day 30 Day 35 Example A1 200 capsules 0％ 8％ 24％ 47％ Comparative Example A1 200 capsules 0％ 5％ 20％ 38％ Comparative Example A2 200 capsules 0％ 6％ 18％ 40％

[0067] Table 2 Seedling cultivation results

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] From the above results, it can be seen that various indicators such as plant height and leaf length of thin-leaved egg ginseng seedlings are affected. Compared with the cultivation matrix of comparative examples A1-A2, the root weight, seedling emergence rate and flowering rate of the plants under the cultivation matrix of embodiment A1 of the present invention are significantly improved.

[0071] Through this experiment, it is known that the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds are most conducive to seed germination and growth when grown in the cultivation medium of the present invention, and the cultivation medium of the present invention can be recycled, has comprehensive nutrition, good air permeability, and a high plant survival rate. It can effectively increase the yield of medicinal materials and effectively reduce the cost of manual weeding, and can significantly increase the yield of medicinal materials.

[0072] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation medium for thin-leaved egg ginseng, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate consists of a fermentation base and fine sand in a mass ratio of 4 to 6:1, and the fermentation base is prepared by fermenting a composition of peat soil and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 in the presence of wood decaying fungi.

2. The cultivation medium of the thin-leaved egg ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on 100% of the mass of the fermented substrate, the mass of the wood-rotting fungi is 0.3-1.5%; and / or the wood-rotting fungi include brown rot fungi.

3. A method for preparing a cultivation medium for thin-leaved egg ginseng, characterized in that: The steps include: The peat soil, wood fiber and wood decay fungi are mixed and fermented to obtain a fermentation base; The fermented base is mixed with fine sand to prepare the cultivation medium for the thin-leaved egg ginseng.

4. The method for preparing the cultivation medium of the thin-leaved egg ginseng according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature is 30-40°C and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.

5. A method for cultivating thin-leaved egg ginseng, characterized in that: The method comprises sowing seeds of the thin-leaved egg ginseng into the cultivation medium described in claim 1 or 2 or the cultivation medium prepared by the preparation method described in claim 3 or 4 for seedling cultivation.

6. The cultivation method of thin-leaf egg ginseng according to claim 5, characterized in that: Before sowing, the seeds of the thin-leaved egg ginseng are also subjected to germination treatment. Preferably, the germination is performed by soaking the seeds in a gibberellin solution; more preferably, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 0.5-2 mg / L; more preferably, the soaking time is 12-16 hours.

7. The method for cultivating thin-leaved egg ginseng according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The cultivation method also includes a seedbed preparation step, in which the seedbed is filled with the cultivation matrix, and the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds are sown into the cultivation matrix filled in the seedbed; preferably, the height of the seedbed is not less than 20 cm, the length is 3 to 10 m, the width is 0.8 to 1.5 m, and the height of the cultivation matrix is ​​not less than 15 cm.

8. The cultivation method of thin-leaf egg ginseng according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: After the thin-leaved egg ginseng seeds are sown into the cultivation medium, the surface is covered with a 1-2 cm thick cultivation medium; and / or the sowing density is 0.5-1 seeds / cm 2 .

9. The cultivation method of thin-leaf egg ginseng according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: During the seedling raising process, shading treatment is carried out under natural strong light conditions, the shading rate is 40-60%, and the moisture content of the substrate is maintained at 35-50%.

10. The cultivation method of thin-leaf egg ginseng according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: When the plant height of the thin-leaved egg ginseng is 15-30cm, the frame should be erected.

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