Fouler and hydrogenation reactor using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fouling accumulators and hydrogenation reactors, which is suitable for gas-liquid two-phase coexistence fixed bed reactor, comprising: fouling accumulation unit, which is composed of axially extending central passage and multi-stage annular filling scale inhibitor, the porosity of multi-stage scale inhibitor gradually increases from inside to outside;The shock absorber is arranged above the fouling accumulation unit and has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the fouling accumulation unit, the shock absorber is spaced apart from the fouling accumulation unit by a distance, for buffering the liquid phase in the material and guiding to the fouling disc to form liquid static pressure, at the same time, the gas phase in the material enters the central passage through the space between the shock absorber and the fouling accumulation unit;After the liquid phase deposits a certain height on the fouling disc, it flows radially along the fouling accumulation unit under the action of liquid static pressure, and realizes staged sedimentation during radial flow. The structure of the shock absorber and the staged fouling design can effectively solve the problems of easy blockage in the bed of the fouling accumulator and premature failure, and poor scale deposition effect caused by the large residual kinetic energy of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of filtration and sedimentation technology in petroleum refining and chemical equipment, and particularly to a scale builder and a hydrogenation reactor using the scale builder, which is suitable for situations where the material is a gas-liquid two-phase mixture and the scale exists in the liquid phase. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of a fixed-bed hydrotreating reactor, when liquid feedstock containing impurities flows through the catalyst bed, fouling deposits in the "voids" of the catalyst bed, reducing the "voids" and causing blockage of the media flow channels, resulting in uneven feedstock distribution. Furthermore, fouling can combine with coke deposits generated during the reaction to form scale, leading to increased pressure drop in the reactor, impairing catalyst performance, and in severe cases, even causing tray collapse and unnecessary shutdowns. This not only threatens the safe operation of the unit but also restricts the company's economic benefits. The sources of scale mainly include solid particles carried in the feedstock, coke generated during the reaction, and metal deposits in the feedstock. With the increasing trend of crude oil deterioration, effectively intercepting scale carried by liquid feedstocks, inhibiting scale formation in fixed-bed hydrotreating reactor beds, slowing down the rate of increase in bed pressure drop, and extending the unit's operating cycle are currently the research focus of fixed-bed heavy oil hydrotreating technology.

[0003] To extend the operating cycle of the unit, some hydrogenation units employ a fouling basket at the top of the bed to intercept, filter, and deposit fouling. By increasing the radial flow area of ​​the fluid, fouling is prevented from accumulating at the top of the bed, thus slowing down the rate of increase in bed pressure drop. Additionally, the industry has developed built-in fouling components with better fouling collection efficiency and without occupying effective reactor space. For example, Chinese patent application CN1765480A discloses a modularly assembled fouling basket. This design divides a support plate with a cross-section consistent with the reactor's interior into a suitable number of strip plates. Each strip support plate is equipped with a suitable number of fouling components, and the support plates with fouling components are assembled inside the reactor to form a modularly assembled fouling basket. The fouling components include a guide plate, an inner screen assembly, an outer screen assembly, and a cover plate. An annular space is formed between the inner and outer screen assemblies, and filler or a protective agent is placed within the annular space. This design is simple in structure, easy to install, and has high interception, filtration, and deposition efficiency.

[0004] On the one hand, this type of scheme can form a stable liquid layer of a certain depth on the scale plate, thereby completing the sedimentation on the scale plate; on the other hand, the liquid phase carrying the scale flows to the scale collector, and the scale can adhere to and accumulate in the scale agent bed space. However, the scale collector of this type of structure has the following problems: (1) Since the scale collector is generally filled with scale agent with the same particle size, in order to ensure that the smaller scale particles can be intercepted in the scale agent bed, only screens with smaller pore sizes and scale agents with smaller particle sizes can be selected. When the scale blocks the outer scale agent bed too early, it will cause the liquid level to accumulate rapidly and cause the scale collector to fail; (2) As the scale of the device increases, the height of the end cap increases, and the liquid phase sprayed down from the inlet diffuser at an angle has a large residual kinetic energy. The strong impact force causes the "wave pushing" phenomenon, making it difficult to establish a stable liquid layer on the scale plate, which is not conducive to the deposition of solid scale. (3) Under conditions of a large gas-liquid ratio, some liquid phase will be entrained by the gas and flow directly through the central channel to the distribution plate below without passing through the scale buildup bed. This causes the scale buildup device to lose its function of intercepting and filtering scale in this liquid phase. Premature failure of the scale buildup device and low scale collection efficiency will cause scale in the liquid phase to flow to the catalyst bed below, thereby increasing the pressure drop of the reactor bed and affecting the long-term operation of the unit.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a built-in graded scaler that can prevent premature failure of the scaler and establish a more stable liquid layer on the scaler plate, thereby extending the operating time of the hydrogenation reactor.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a scale builder and a hydrogenation reactor using the scale builder. Through the structure of the anti-fault plate and the staged scale builder design, the problems of easy clogging and premature failure in the scale builder bed and poor scale settling effect caused by the large residual kinetic energy of the feed are effectively solved.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to effectively solve the problem of short circuits caused by the entrainment of liquid phase in the gas phase under feeding conditions with a large gas-liquid ratio, thereby effectively improving the scale collection efficiency.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a scale buildup device is provided, suitable for use in a fixed-bed reactor where the material is a gas-liquid two-phase mixture, comprising: a scale buildup unit, which consists of an axially extending central channel and multi-stage annularly packed scale inhibitors, the porosity of which gradually increases from the inside to the outside; a damping plate, which is disposed above the scale buildup unit and has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the scale buildup unit, the damping plate being spaced apart from the scale buildup unit, used to buffer the liquid phase in the material and guide it to the scale buildup plate to form liquid phase static pressure, while the gas phase in the material enters the central channel through the space between the damping plate and the scale buildup unit; after the liquid phase is deposited to a certain height on the scale buildup plate, it flows radially along the scale buildup unit in stages under the action of liquid phase static pressure, achieving staged sedimentation during the radial flow process.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the scale-accumulating unit can be divided into three levels with the screen aperture increasing sequentially from the inside to the outside, including: a first screen, which forms a ring and constructs a central channel; a second screen, which forms a ring and is disposed outside the first screen, the space between the second screen and the first screen being filled with a first scale inhibitor; a third screen, which forms a ring and is disposed outside the second screen, the space between the third screen and the second screen being filled with a second scale inhibitor; and a fourth screen, which forms a ring and is disposed outside the third screen, the space between the fourth screen and the third screen being filled with a third scale inhibitor.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the upper edge of the three-stage scale inhibitor is flush with the filling, the filling height of the third scale inhibitor can be less than that of the second scale inhibitor, and the porosity of the third scale inhibitor is greater than that of the second scale inhibitor; the filling height of the second scale inhibitor can be less than that of the first scale inhibitor, and the porosity of the second scale inhibitor is greater than that of the first scale inhibitor.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the bottom of the filling of the second scale inhibitor may be provided with a first annular support plate, the second screen area below the first annular support plate is in a hollow state, and the third screen area below the first annular support plate is in a non-hollow state; the bottom of the filling of the third scale inhibitor may be provided with a second annular support plate, and the fourth screen area below the second annular support plate is in a non-hollow state; the area below the first annular support plate and the area below the second annular support plate are respectively the first scale-containing space and the second scale-containing space.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the second annular support plate can be tilted outward, and an annular baffle extends vertically from the top of the second scale-containing space. The area of ​​the second annular support plate inside the baffle is non-perforated, while the area of ​​the second annular support plate outside the baffle is perforated, so that the liquid phase entering the second scale-containing space forms a baffle state.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the scale accumulation unit may be provided with a base, which may be arc-shaped at the bottom of the first scale-containing space and the corresponding position of the scale-containing space.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the base can be fixedly connected to the screen and set on the upper surface of the dirt accumulation plate through a clamp tenon structure.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the top of the scale accumulation unit may be provided with an upper edge ring cover, which is detachable.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the shock-reducing disc can be a disc-shaped structure with a vertically extending outer edge and overflow holes evenly provided on the outer edge. The diameter of the overflow holes can be set to be larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the anti-flush disc can be connected to the scale buildup unit via a connecting plate, which is hollowed out.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an annular diversion weir can extend downward from the bottom of the outer edge of the shock-reducing disc. The weir wall is uniformly distributed with slots for gas-phase flow, suitable for operating conditions where the gas-liquid volume ratio is between 400 and 600. The number of slots can be 25 to 35, and the size of the slot area is such that the gas velocity is less than 6 m / s to 10 m / s.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a gas eliminator unit can be provided on the eliminator plate. The gas eliminator unit may include: multiple gas eliminators that vertically penetrate the bottom surface of the eliminator plate to directly guide the gas phase above the eliminator plate to the central channel; and a cap that is located directly above the upper port of the gas eliminator, the inclined surface of which is used to guide the liquid phase from above the eliminator plate to the eliminator plate.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the invention, a hydrogenation reactor is provided, employing a scale buildup device as described in any of the preceding claims. The scale buildup devices are a plurality of those devices, evenly spaced on a scale buildup disc within the upper head of the reactor.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1) The scale collector of the present invention has a strong settling and scale-holding capacity. Because the lower part of the fourth screen on the outermost side of the scale-collecting unit adopts a non-perforated structure, the material can form a certain liquid level around the scale collector due to gravity. The accumulation of a certain depth of liquid level is conducive to the formation of a stagnant flow state. There is almost no liquid phase flow in the stagnant layer, creating favorable conditions for the settling of large particles of scale in the material. Due to the arrangement of the annularly filled multi-stage scale inhibitor, the cross-sectional diameter of the scale collector is small, and the scale-collecting plate around the scale collector can have a very considerable scale-holding space.

[0024] 2) In this invention, some scale particles flow through the fourth screen, the outermost scale inhibitor bed, and the third screen along with the liquid phase. Due to the large porosity of the outermost scale inhibitor bed, most of the scale will fall into the scale-containing space below the scale inhibitor along with the liquid phase, which exhibits a parabolic flow pattern. When the liquid phase flows through the scale inhibitor bed, it is in an approximately horizontal and gravity-flow state, with the flow driving force being the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid phase. The flow area is a vertical flow surface, and the irregularly interconnected flow channels have a slowing effect, which is conducive to the sedimentation of mechanical impurities.

[0025] 3) The annular baffle below the annular support plate of the present invention has the function of deflection, which increases the residence time of the liquid phase and further improves the settling effect of mechanical impurities; the present invention can achieve graded settling by setting the first scale-containing space and the second scale-containing space, with different porosities of the two scale inhibitor beds.

[0026] 4) The arc-shaped groove in the base of the scale accumulation unit of the present invention is conducive to the settling of scale and can further increase the scale holding space; the scale particles with small diameter that are difficult to settle will enter the innermost scale inhibitor bed with the liquid phase. After passing through two scale inhibitor beds, the liquid phase flow rate is very slow, which is conducive to the adhesion of scale on the scale inhibitor bed.

[0027] 5) The scale inhibitor bed of the scale collector of the present invention is not easily clogged. The scale inhibitor bed is filled according to a gradation scheme in which the scale inhibitor size increases from the inside to the outside. The larger scale inhibitor particles in the outer layer form larger gaps in the bed, which can effectively prevent larger scale from clogging the outer bed and avoid premature accumulation of liquid around the scale collector, thus preventing it from failing. This also facilitates the penetration and distribution of smaller scale into the deeper layers of the bed (i.e., the scale inhibitor filled radially inward), achieving uniform collection and storage of scale, and enabling the scale collector to hold more scale.

[0028] 6) The scale collector of this invention is easy to disassemble, clean, and collect scale. The scale collector is composed of multiple components connected in a detachable manner. The screen assembly is connected to the base using a tenon-and-groove structure. For disassembly, first remove the positioning bolts connecting the screen assembly and the base, then pull the screen assembly out of the base. This facilitates the unified collection and treatment of scale in the scale-holding space below the screen assembly and scale settled on the scale collection plate. The upper ring cover can be detachably fixed to the screen assembly using pins, threads, or other detachable methods, allowing for easy removal of the upper ring cover and replacement of the scale inhibitor filling the gaps between the screen assembly rings.

[0029] 7) The design of the anti-flush plate in this invention can reduce the impact of the liquid phase on the liquid layer formed on the scale accumulation plate, which is conducive to the formation of stagnant flow and creates conditions for the sedimentation of mechanical impurities; the overflow holes uniformly opened on the anti-flush plate are conducive to achieving uniform distribution of the liquid phase; the liquid phase is facilitated by the slow flow effect of the scale inhibitor bed to form a stable liquid level on the distribution plate, thereby improving the inlet conditions of the first bed distribution plate of the hydrogenation reactor and improving the uniform distribution effect of the distribution plate on gas and liquid.

[0030] 8) The scale collector of this invention can effectively solve the problem that under conditions of a large gas-liquid ratio, some liquid phase will be entrained by gas and directly pass through the central channel, causing a short circuit. The slots of the diversion weir are set at intervals according to the position of the overflow hole on the damping plate. The extended diversion weir helps to guide the liquid phase to fall vertically towards the scale collector, while the slots serve as a flow channel for the gas phase. In addition, by setting an air duct on the damping plate, the amount of gas phase entering the central channel from the gap between the lower edge of the damping plate and the upper edge of the screen assembly ring cover can be reduced, thereby effectively avoiding the entrainment of gas phase into the liquid phase.

[0031] 9) The scale collector of this invention has the advantages of not occupying the effective space of the reactor and not generating additional pressure drop after failure. Since the scale collector is set in the upper head area of ​​the reactor, it does not occupy the space of the catalyst bed, thus improving the space utilization rate of the reactor. When the scale collector fails, both the gas and liquid phases enter the distribution plate of the first catalyst bed through the central channel of the scale collector unit. At this point, the scale collector loses its scale collection and holding function and is only used as a material channel, without generating additional pressure drop.

[0032] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is an internal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the scale buildup device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the scale buildup unit of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a planar unfolded schematic diagram of the first and second screens in the fouling unit of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a planar unfolded schematic diagram of the third and fourth screens in the fouling unit of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5This is a top view of the second annular support plate in the scale buildup unit of the present invention (showing that the inner side is a non-perforated area and the outer side is a perforated area).

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydrogenation reactor of the present invention (first embodiment using a scale buildup device).

[0039] Figure 7 This is an internal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the scale buildup device of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is an internal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the scale buildup device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the central air intake unit.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the gas-liquid entrainment phenomenon that may occur when the first embodiment of the scale buildup device of this invention is applied under conditions of a large gas-liquid ratio.

[0043] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0044] 1-Scale buildup unit, 1A-First screen, 1B-Second screen, 1C-Third screen, 1D-Fourth screen, 10-Central channel, 11-First scale inhibitor, 12-Second scale inhibitor, 121-First scale-containing space, 13-Third scale inhibitor, 131-Second scale-containing space, 14-First annular support plate, 15-Second annular support plate, 15A-Hollowed area, 15B-Non-Hollowed area, 151-Annular baffle, 16-Base, 161-Support block, 162-Positioning bolt, 17-Screw connector, 18-Upper edge ring cover, 2-Shrinkage plate, 20-Connecting plate, 21-Overflow hole, 3-Drainage weir, 31-Slot, 4-Air intake unit, 41-Air intake pipe, 42-Umbrella cap, 43-Umbrella cap support rod;

[0045] 100 - Hydrogenation reactor, 100A - Upper head, 101 - Scale collection plate. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0047] Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises" shall be understood to include the stated elements or components without excluding other elements or other components.

[0048] In this document, for ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” “above,” “upper,” etc., are used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an object in use or operation, in addition to those depicted in the figures. For example, if an object in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” another element or feature would be oriented “above” that element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both the downward and upward orientations. An object may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0049] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to define specific positions or relative relationships. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc., can also be used interchangeably.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a scale buildup device suitable for fixed-bed reactors where the material consists of both gas and liquid phases, and where scale such as mechanical impurities, coke, and metallic impurities exist only in the liquid phase. The device includes a scale buildup unit 1 and a damping plate 2. The scale buildup unit 1 consists of an axially extending central channel and multi-stage annularly packed scale inhibitors, with the porosity of the scale inhibitors gradually increasing from the inside out. The damping plate 2 is positioned above the scale buildup unit and has a diameter larger than the overall outer diameter of the scale buildup unit. The damping plate 2 is spaced a distance from the scale buildup unit 1 and serves to buffer the liquid phase in the material and guide it to the scale buildup plate 101 to form a liquid phase static pressure. Simultaneously, the gas phase in the material enters the central channel 10 through the space between the damping plate 2 and the scale buildup unit 1. The damping plate 2 can be supported above the scale buildup unit 1 by a perforated connecting plate 20. After the liquid phase deposits to a certain height on the scale buildup plate, it flows radially along the scale buildup unit 1 in stages under the action of liquid phase static pressure, achieving staged sedimentation during the radial flow process. The damping plate 2 can reduce the direct impact of liquid phase on the scale accumulation plate 101. On the other hand, its diameter is larger than the overall outer diameter of the scale accumulation unit 1, which can prevent liquid phase from entering directly from the central channel 10. In this embodiment, due to the use of multi-stage annularly packed scale inhibitors, the liquid phase flows through the scale inhibitor bed in an approximately horizontal and gravity-flow manner. Its flow driving force is only the static pressure of the liquid phase, and the flow area is a vertical flow surface. The irregularly interconnected flow channels have a slowing effect, which is conducive to the sedimentation of mechanical impurities. The porosity of the multi-stage scale inhibitor gradually increases from the inside to the outside, so that the outer scale inhibitor can effectively filter and settle large particles of scale while still maintaining the radial flow velocity of the liquid phase. Smaller scale particles that are difficult to settle will enter the inner scale inhibitor bed with the liquid phase. The liquid phase flow velocity after passing through the outer scale inhibitor bed is very slow, which is conducive to the adhesion of scale to the inner scale inhibitor, resulting in better filtration and sedimentation effects. Due to the annular arrangement of the scale inhibitor in the scale accumulation unit, the cross-sectional diameter of the scale accumulation unit is small, and the scale accumulation plate around the scale collector can ensure a very considerable scale holding space.

[0052] Further as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, preferably but not limitingly, the main body of the fouling unit is an annular screen assembly structure. The screen assembly can be constructed by a welded cylindrical frame enclosing the screen. The screen can be divided into multiple levels, and each level of screen is connected by a screen connector 17 located at the top (see reference). Figure 2 This embodiment uses a three-stage example, with the screen mesh size increasing sequentially from the inside out, including a first screen 1A, a second screen 1B, a third screen 1C, and a fourth screen 1D. The first screen 1A forms a ring and constructs... Figure 1The first screen 1A has a central channel 10; a second screen 1B is arranged in a ring and positioned outside the first screen 1A, with the space between the second screen 1B and the first screen 1A filled with a first scale inhibitor 11; a third screen 1C is arranged in a ring and positioned outside the second screen 1B, with the space between the third screen 1C and the second screen 1B filled with a second scale inhibitor 12; a fourth screen 1D is arranged in a ring and positioned outside the third screen 1C, with the space between the fourth screen 1D and the third screen 1C filled with a third scale inhibitor 13. The particle sizes of the first scale inhibitor 11, the second scale inhibitor 12, and the third scale inhibitor 13 are all different, and the porosity of the scale inhibitor gradually increases from the inside to the outside. Specifically, the screen assembly in this embodiment is a vertically arranged annular cylindrical structure (see reference). Figure 2 The first screen 1A and the second screen 1B are woven from a single piece of metal wire (see reference). Figure 3 The upper part of the third screen 1C and the fourth screen 1D are woven from metal wire, and the lower part is a solid ring-shaped steel plate (i.e., not perforated, see reference). Figure 4 ). Further as Figure 1 As shown, the top edge of the three-stage scale inhibitor is flush with the filling edge (a top edge ring cover 18 can be provided, which is removable). The filling height of the third scale inhibitor 13 is less than that of the second scale inhibitor 12, and the porosity of the third scale inhibitor 13 is greater than that of the second scale inhibitor 12; the filling height of the second scale inhibitor 12 is less than that of the first scale inhibitor 11, and the porosity of the second scale inhibitor 12 is greater than that of the first scale inhibitor 11. The scale inhibitor has the functions of slowing flow and intercepting and filtering scale in the liquid phase. The scale inhibitor can be ceramic balls, packing materials, protective agents, etc., and the shape of the scale inhibitor can be spherical, clover-shaped, strip-shaped, cylindrical, annular, etc. By varying the filling height of each layer of scale inhibitor, a scale-holding space can be arranged at the bottom of the filling area of ​​the outer two layers of scale inhibitor, that is... Figure 1The first scale-containing space 121 and the second scale-containing space 131 are arranged in the middle. Specifically, the bottom of the filling of the second scale inhibitor 12 is provided with a first annular support plate 14, the second screen area below the first annular support plate 14 is hollow, and the third screen area below the first annular support plate 14 is not hollow; the bottom of the filling of the third scale inhibitor 13 is provided with a second annular support plate 15, and the fourth screen area below the second annular support plate 15 is not hollow; the first scale-containing space 121 and the second scale-containing space 131 are located below the first annular support plate 14 and the second annular support plate 15, respectively. Through the arrangement of the two scale-containing spaces, since the porosity of the outer scale inhibitor bed is large, most of the scale can fall into the first scale-containing space 121 and the second scale-containing space 131 with the liquid phase which exhibits a parabolic flow pattern, so that the pores of the outermost two scale inhibitor layers will not be easily blocked, and the flow rate of the liquid phase under static pressure is guaranteed. By arranging the fourth screen area below the second annular support plate 15 in a non-perforated state, a certain liquid level can be formed around the scale collector. The accumulation of a certain depth of liquid level is conducive to the formation of stagnant flow. There is almost no liquid flow in the stagnant layer, which can create favorable conditions for the sedimentation of large particles of scale in the material.

[0053] Further as Figure 1 As shown, the second annular support plate 15 can be configured to tilt outwards, and an annular baffle 151 extends vertically from the top of the second scale-containing space 131. The area of ​​the second annular support plate inside the baffle is in a non-perforated state (i.e., Figure 5 The non-perforated area 15B of the baffle plate is in a perforated state, while the second annular support plate area outside the baffle plate is perforated (i.e., the non-perforated area 15B of the baffle plate is in a perforated state). Figure 5 In the hollow area 15A of the second scale-holding space, the liquid phase entering the second scale-holding space forms a baffle. The annular baffle 151 has the function of deflecting the liquid phase entering the second scale-holding space 131, increasing the residence time of the liquid phase, and further improving the sedimentation effect of mechanical impurities. Through the action of the two scale-holding spaces, staged sedimentation can be achieved.

[0054] Further as Figure 1 As shown, the scale buildup unit 1 is equipped with a base 16, which can be detachably fixed to the scale buildup tray 101 using pin connections, threaded connections, or other methods. The base 16 is arc-shaped at the bottom of the first scale-holding space 121 and the second scale-holding space 131, which can effectively increase the scale-holding space. The base 16 can be fixedly connected to the screen and placed on the upper surface of the scale buildup tray 101 through a tenon structure (which has a certain limiting and sealing function). The overall support of the scale buildup unit 1 can be achieved through a support assembly, which can include a support block 161 and a positioning bolt 162. The support block 161 can be welded and fixed to the lower end of the fourth screen, and the positioning bolt 162 passes through the through hole provided in the support block and is fixedly connected to the threaded hole of the base. The support assembly can be evenly distributed on the outer edge of the scale buildup unit 1, and the number can be 4 to 8.

[0055] Further as Figure 1 As shown, the damping plate 2 in this embodiment has a disc-shaped structure with a vertically extending outer edge and overflow holes 21 evenly distributed on the outer edge. The diameter of the overflow holes 21 is set to be larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Specifically, the damping plate 2 is designed as a circular plate with a folded edge, on which multiple overflow holes 21 can be evenly distributed. The lower end of the overflow hole 21 can be set at a certain distance from the upper surface of the damping plate 2, and the shape of the overflow hole can be an inverted triangle. Since the overall diameter of the damping plate 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the scale accumulation unit 1, while buffering the liquid phase from above, the liquid phase overflowing from the overflow hole 21 will not directly enter the central channel 10, ensuring that all liquid phases can pass through the scale accumulation unit 1 for impurity filtration, interception, and sedimentation. The damping plate 2 can be connected to the scale accumulation unit 1 through a connecting plate 20. The connecting plate 20 is hollowed out to ensure that the gas phase can pass through and enter the central channel 10.

[0056] It should be noted that, through experimental research, the inventors discovered that the scale buildup device in this embodiment (i.e., using only...) Figure 1 The reducing pressure plate 2), when the gas-liquid volume ratio is less than 400m³ 3 / m 3 Under normal operating conditions, the gas phase will not carry the liquid phase into the central channel 10. That is, using only the anti-flush disc structure of this embodiment, the liquid phase will not be unfiltered. However, when the gas-liquid volume ratio is larger, some liquid phase will be carried directly into the central channel 10 by the gas, causing this part of the liquid phase to enter the distribution disc below the reactor (see reference). Figure 6 ).

[0057] Example 2

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment is applicable to the scale collection process under conditions of a large gas-liquid ratio. Under conditions of a large gas-liquid ratio, i.e., a gas-liquid volume ratio of 400–600 m³ / s... 3 / m 3 Under certain operating conditions, some liquid phase will be entrained by gas and flow towards the center along the lower end of the de-flushing plate 2. It will bypass the scale buildup bed and flow directly through the central channel 10 to the lower distribution plate, thus causing the scale buildup device of this invention to lose its function of intercepting and filtering scale in this portion of the liquid phase (see reference for the state of liquid phase entrained by airflow). Figure 10 The scale buildup device provided in this embodiment (see...) Figure 7 In addition to the structures of the fouling unit 1 and the anti-flush disc 2 provided in Embodiment 1, the device also includes a flow-guiding weir 3 disposed at the lower end of the anti-flush disc 2. Preferably, but not limitingly, the flow-guiding weir 3 is generally annular, extending downward from the bottom outer edge of the anti-flush disc 2. Multiple slots 31 serving as gas flow channels are evenly distributed below the flow-guiding weir 3. The shape of the slots 31 can be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or U-shaped (preferably). Figure 7(The rectangle in the image). The downward-extending diversion weir 3 guides the liquid phase towards the scale accumulation pan 101, while the evenly spaced slits 31 facilitate gas flow and prevent excessive gas velocity from sucking up the liquid phase. The inventors' experimental research has shown that when the number of slits is 25 to 35, and the slit area is such that the gas velocity is less than 6 m / s to 10 m / s, the problem of liquid phase being entrained by gas can be effectively avoided.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] like Figure 8 As shown, to better avoid the problem of gas entrainment of liquid phase, a gas eliminator unit 4 can also be set on the depressurizing plate 2. The gas eliminator unit 4 may include a gas eliminator pipe 41 and a cap 42. Multiple gas eliminator pipes 41 are vertically inserted through the bottom surface of the depressurizing plate 2, used to directly guide the gas phase above the depressurizing plate 2 to the central channel; the cap 42 is located directly above the upper end of the gas eliminator pipe, and the inclined surface of the cap 42 is used to guide the liquid phase from above the depressurizing plate 2 onto the depressurizing plate. The cap 42 can be fixed by a cap support rod 43. The gas eliminator pipe 41 can be... Figure 9 The triangles are arranged as shown.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrogenation reactor 100, which can utilize any of the scale builders described in Embodiments 1 to 3 above. Specifically, multiple scale builders are evenly spaced and arranged on the scale buildup plate 101 within the upper head 100A of the reactor 100. By placing the scale builder of this invention within the upper head, it does not occupy reaction space; due to the aforementioned annular arrangement structure of the scale builder of this invention, its cross-sectional diameter is relatively small, and given the current trend towards larger hydrogenation equipment, the scale buildup plate surrounding the scale builder can have a very considerable scale-holding space.

[0063] The working principle and process of the scale buildup device of the present invention will be described in detail below, taking the hydrogenation reactor 100 of this embodiment as an example:

[0064] The gas and liquid phases flow downwards within the hydrogenation reactor 100. The liquid phase, sprayed obliquely from the inlet diffuser, partially falls onto the damping plate 2 due to gravity, while the remaining portion falls directly onto the scale buildup plate 101. The damping plate 2 reduces the impact force of the fluid. The liquid phase accumulates to a certain height on the damping plate 2 and then drips through the overflow hole 21 onto the scale buildup plate 101. After accumulating to a certain depth around the scale buildup device of this invention, the liquid phase passes through a screen and enters the scale buildup agent bed. The accumulation of a certain depth of liquid promotes the formation of a stagnant flow pattern; there is almost no liquid flow in the stagnant layer, creating favorable conditions for the settling of large particles of scale in the feed oil. Because the liquid phase flows approximately horizontally and by gravity through the scale inhibitor bed, its flow driving force is liquid phase static pressure. The flow area is a vertical flow surface, and the irregularly interconnected flow channels have a slowing effect. Smaller scale particles that cannot settle around the scale collector pass through the screen and the scale inhibitor bed and flow towards the second annular support plate 15, which has a certain inclination angle on the outermost side of the scale collector. The raw oil carrying the scale passes through the openings on the second annular support plate 15 and enters the second scale-containing space below the third scale inhibitor 13 for further settling. The annular baffle 151 below the second annular support plate 15 increases the residence time of the liquid phase by utilizing the baffle principle. Because the scale inhibitor bed is filled according to a gradation scheme in which the scale inhibitor size increases from the inside to the outside, most of the large scale particles settle on the scale collection plate 101 and in the scale-containing space, while smaller scale particles penetrate and distribute into the depth of the bed (i.e., the scale inhibitor inside the scale collection unit 1). As the liquid phase penetration depth increases, the flow velocity becomes increasingly slower, which is beneficial for the adhesion of small particles of scale to the scale inhibitor bed. The liquid phase carrying scale flows to the distribution plate below through the sedimentation, filtration, and interception of the scale inhibitor, via the central channel 10. The gas phase without scale does not pass through the scale inhibitor bed and directly enters the next bed through the central channel 10, achieving "clean and dirty flow separation" and greatly reducing the overflow load of the scale inhibitor.

[0065] The clogged scale inhibitor bed causes the liquid level to rise, gradually initiating a new settling and adhesion process until the liquid level reaches the upper edge of the scale collector's ring cover 18. At this point, the scale collector loses its scale collection function and only serves as a material flow channel. Because the central channel 10 of the scale collector in this invention has a large cross-sectional area, no additional pressure drop will occur when the scale collector fails. Due to the small space occupied by the scale collector, multiple scale collectors can be evenly distributed on the scale collector plates 101 within the hydrogenation reactor 100. The proper arrangement of the scale collectors can achieve a preliminary distribution effect between the gas and liquid phases, and the slowing effect of the scale collectors provides good inlet conditions for the distribution plate below.

[0066] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the foregoing exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fouling device, characterized in that The application is suitable for a fixed bed reactor in which gas and liquid phases coexist, and comprises the following steps: The fouling unit is composed of an axially extending central passage and a plurality of levels of annularly filled scale inhibitors, and the porosities of the plurality of levels of scale inhibitors gradually increase from inside to outside; the fouling unit is divided into three levels, and the mesh sizes of the screens gradually increase from inside to outside, and comprises: a first screen which is enclosed in an annular shape and constructs the central passage; a second screen which is enclosed in an annular shape and is arranged outside the first screen, and the space between the first screen and the second screen is used for filling the first scale inhibitor; a third screen which is enclosed in an annular shape and is arranged outside the second screen, and the space between the second screen and the third screen is used for filling the second scale inhibitor; a fourth screen which is enclosed in an annular shape and is arranged outside the third screen, and the space between the third screen and the fourth screen is used for filling the third scale inhibitor; the filling upper edges of the three levels of scale inhibitors are flush, the filling height of the third scale inhibitor is smaller than that of the second scale inhibitor, and the porosity of the third scale inhibitor is greater than that of the second scale inhibitor; the filling height of the second scale inhibitor is smaller than that of the first scale inhibitor, and the porosity of the second scale inhibitor is greater than that of the first scale inhibitor; the bottom of the filling of the second scale inhibitor is provided with a first annular support plate, the area of the second screen below the first annular support plate is in a hollow state, and the area of the third screen below the first annular support plate is in a non-hollow state; the bottom of the filling of the third scale inhibitor is provided with a second annular support plate, and the area of the fourth screen below the second annular support plate is in a non-hollow state; the areas below the first annular support plate and the second annular support plate are first and second scale storage spaces, respectively; The shock-reducing disc is arranged above the fouling unit and has a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the fouling unit, and the shock-reducing disc is spaced apart from the fouling unit by a distance, and is used for buffering the liquid phase in the material and guiding the liquid phase to the fouling disc to form a liquid static pressure, and at the same time, the gas phase in the material enters the central passage through the space between the shock-reducing disc and the fouling unit; After the liquid phase is deposited to a certain height on the fouling disc, the liquid phase flows radially along the fouling unit under the action of the liquid static pressure, and realizes staged sedimentation in the radial flow process.

2. The fouling device of claim 1, wherein, The second annular support plate is arranged outwardly inclined, and a vertical annular baffle plate extends at the top of the second scale storage space, the area of the second annular support plate inside the baffle plate is in a non-hollow state, and the area of the second annular support plate outside the baffle plate is in a hollow state, and the liquid phase entering the second scale storage space forms a deflected flow state.

3. The fouling device of claim 2, wherein, The fouling unit is provided with a base which is arranged in an arc shape at the corresponding positions of the bottoms of the first and second scale storage spaces.

4. The fouling device of claim 3, wherein, The base is fixedly connected with the screens through a chuck tenon structure and is arranged on the upper surface of the fouling disc.

5. The fouling device of claim 1, wherein, The top of the fouling unit is provided with an upper edge ring cover which is detachably arranged.

6. The fouling device of claim 1, wherein, The shock-reducing disc is in a disc structure, the outer edge is vertically extended, and overflow holes are uniformly arranged on the outer edge, and the sizes of the overflow holes gradually decrease from top to bottom.

7. The fouling device of claim 6, wherein, The shock-reducing disc is connected with the fouling unit through a connecting plate which is arranged in a hollow state.

8. The fouling device of claim 6, wherein, The outer edge bottom of the impact reducing disc extends downward an annular drainage cofferdam, the wall surface of the cofferdam is uniformly provided with slits for gas phase flow, and is suitable for working conditions with a gas-liquid volume ratio of 400-600.

9. The fouling device of claim 8, wherein, The number of the slits is 25-35, and the size of the slit area satisfies a gas velocity of less than 10 m / s.

10. The fouling device of claim 6, wherein, The impact reducing disc is provided with an air induction unit, which comprises: An air induction pipe, which is vertically penetrated on the bottom surface of the impact reducing disc, is used to directly guide the gas phase above the impact reducing disc to the central channel; An umbrella cap is arranged directly above the upper port of the air induction pipe, and the inclined surface of the umbrella cap is used to guide the liquid phase from above the impact reducing disc to the impact reducing disc.

11. A hydrogenation reactor characterized by, The fouling collector as claimed in any one of claims 1-10 is applied.

12. The hydrogenation reactor of claim 11, wherein, The number of the fouling collectors is multiple, and the fouling collectors are uniformly and interval arranged on the fouling disc in the reactor head.

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