3D printing laser forming cutting method and device
By adopting 3D printing laser molding and cutting method in SLM technology, using a combined cutting technology of continuous laser and pulsed laser, the problems of spheroidization and poor surface quality of the workpiece are solved, and higher contour accuracy and surface quality are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311531417.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
AI Technical Summary
SLM technology During 3D printing, the edges of the workpiece are prone to spheroidization and powdering, resulting in low contour accuracy and poor surface quality.
Using a 3D printing laser forming and cutting method, solid scanning and contour scanning are performed using the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser to scan the edge of the rigidly formed part through the steps of layering operations, powder laying scanning, scanning and cutting, and during the cutting process, pulsed lasers are used to scan the edges of the newly formed part with the second continuous laser to scan.
It improves the workpiece profile accuracy and surface quality, reduces the power consumption of pulsed lasers, saves costs, and improves the molding accuracy of parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN120002201A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a 3D printing laser forming and cutting method and device. Background Art
[0002] SLM (Selective laser melting) technology is a common forming technology in the field of additive manufacturing. It uses a laser beam to melt metal powder and then cool it to form it. It can quickly process workpieces of various shapes. However, the edges of workpieces made by this processing method are prone to balling and powder adhesion, and the contour accuracy of the workpiece edge is low, resulting in poor surface quality of the entire workpiece.
[0003] How to solve the above problems, that is, to provide a 3D printing laser forming cutting method and device for improving the contour accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece is something that technicians in this field need to consider. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present application provides a 3D printing laser forming cutting method, comprising the following steps:
[0005] Performing layered operations: establishing a geometric model of a part, dividing the geometric model into a plurality of processing layers, determining a processing order of the plurality of processing layers, and a physical scanning path and a contour scanning path of each processing layer;
[0006] Performing a powder laying and scanning operation: laying a powder layer, and using a first continuous laser to physically scan the powder layer according to a physical scanning path of a processing layer corresponding to the powder layer;
[0007] Perform scanning and cutting operations: determine whether the processing layer corresponding to the current powder layer needs to be cut. If so, use a second continuous laser to perform contour scanning on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer, and use a pulsed laser to cut the edge of the newly formed part according to the cutting parameters, the pulsed laser and the second continuous laser have the same initial position relative to the processing layer, and the pulsed laser lags behind the second continuous laser; if not, use a second continuous laser to perform contour scanning on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer;
[0008] According to the processing sequence of the plurality of processing layers, the powder spreading scanning operation and the scanning cutting operation are repeated.
[0009] Furthermore, the pulse laser lags behind the second continuous laser by 0.01ms-0.2ms, and the moving speed of the pulse laser is not greater than the moving speed of the second continuous laser.
[0010] Furthermore, when multiple continuous processing layers need to be cut, powder laying operations, solid scanning operations, and contour scanning operations are performed on each layer in turn according to the processing order of the multiple continuous processing layers, and multiple part layers corresponding to the multiple continuous processing layers are obtained, and pulse laser is used to simultaneously cut the multiple part layers according to the cutting parameters.
[0011] Furthermore, the cutting parameters include a cutting allowance. If a part layer corresponding to the processing layer needs to be cut, the contour of the contour scanning path exceeds the outer contour of the processing layer, and the exceeding value is set as the cutting allowance.
[0012] Furthermore, the cutting parameters also include cutting times and cutting feed, the ratio of the cutting allowance to the cutting times is the cutting feed, and the range of the cutting feed is 0.001 mm-0.5 mm;
[0013] When the pulse laser is cutting, the pulse laser feeds inward from the contour scanning path for multiple times in sequence, and the number of feeds is the same as the number of cutting times, and the distance the pulse laser moves inward each time it feeds is the same as the cutting feed amount.
[0014] Furthermore, the processing layer comprises a real processing layer and an imaginary processing layer, and holes and grooves are at least partially formed on the edge of the imaginary processing layer;
[0015] When the part layer corresponding to the real part processing layer is performing cutting operation, the cutting feed amount is set to the first cutting feed amount, and when the part layer corresponding to the imaginary part processing layer is performing cutting operation, the cutting feed amount is set to the second cutting feed amount, and the first cutting feed amount is greater than the second cutting feed amount.
[0016] Furthermore, when cutting operations are performed on multiple continuous processing layers together, if the multiple continuous processing layers include the imaginary processing layer, the maximum number of the multiple continuous processing layers is the first number of layers; if the multiple continuous processing layers do not include the imaginary processing layer, the maximum number of the multiple continuous processing layers is the second number of layers, and the first number of layers is less than the second number of layers.
[0017] Furthermore, the cutting parameters also include cutting light compensation. Before cutting the part layer, the cutting light compensation of the pulse laser is adjusted according to the cutting allowance corresponding to the part layer to ensure that the pulse laser can be fed to the position of the outer contour of the processing layer corresponding to the part layer.
[0018] Furthermore, the cutting parameters also include the number of cutting repetitions. Each time the pulse laser is fed according to the cutting feed amount, the pulse laser repeatedly scans the contour of the part layer multiple times according to the cutting path, and the number of repeated scans is set to the number of cutting repetitions.
[0019] The embodiment of the present application also provides a 3D printing laser forming and cutting device, which adopts the above-mentioned 3D printing laser forming and cutting method, including:
[0020] The molding body is used for powder supply and spreading;
[0021] A first laser device, disposed toward the molding body, for emitting the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser;
[0022] A second laser device, disposed toward the molding body, for emitting the pulsed laser;
[0023] A control device is used to connect the molding body, the first laser device and the second laser device by signals.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the 3D printing laser forming and cutting method of the present application first uses the first continuous laser to perform a physical scan on the powder layer according to the physical scanning path, and then determines whether the structure formed by the current powder layer needs to be cut. If not, the second continuous laser is used to perform a physical scan on the powder layer only according to the contour scanning path; if so, the second continuous laser is used to perform a physical scan on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path, and a pulsed laser is used to follow the second continuous laser to scan the edge of the newly formed part within a certain period of time after the second continuous laser, so as to achieve cutting of the edge of the newly formed part, so that the pulsed laser can use the heat of the second continuous laser when the molten powder forms the part contour for cutting, thereby improving the cutting effect of the pulsed laser, reducing the power consumption of the pulsed laser, saving costs, and allowing the powder that has not yet solidified on the contour of the formed part to be cut in time by the pulsed laser, thereby improving the forming accuracy of the final formed part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the 3D printing laser forming and cutting method in one embodiment of the present application.
[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing laser forming and cutting device in one embodiment of the present application.
[0027] Description of main component symbols:
[0028] 3D Printing Laser Forming Cutting Method 100
[0029] 3D printing laser forming and cutting device 200
[0030] Molding body 10
[0031] Molding box 11
[0032] Molding cavity 111
[0033] Lifting chamber 112
[0034] Powder laying platform 12
[0035] Lifting device 13
[0036] Powder spreading device 14
[0037] First laser device 20
[0038] Second laser device 30
[0039] Control device 40
[0040] The following specific implementation methods will further illustrate the present application in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] The following description will refer to the accompanying drawings to more fully describe the content of the present application. Shown in the accompanying drawings are exemplary embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. These exemplary embodiments are provided to make the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art. Similar reference numerals represent identical or similar components.
[0042] The terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to also include the plural forms. In addition, when used herein, "including" and / or "comprising" and / or "having", integers, steps, operations, components and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, components and / or groups thereof.
[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In addition, unless explicitly defined herein, terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant technology and the content of this application, and will not be interpreted as an idealized or overly formal meaning.
[0044] The specific implementation methods of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0045] See also Figure 1 The 3D printing laser forming and cutting method 100 of the present application comprises the following steps:
[0046] S1. Execute layered operations: establish a geometric model of the part, and divide the geometric model into multiple processing layers, determine the processing order of the multiple processing layers, and the entity scanning path and contour scanning path of each processing layer.
[0047] In one embodiment, the geometric model of the part is divided into multiple processing layers in sequence according to its height direction, and the thickness of each processing layer can be the same or different, and the specific layer thickness can be selected according to actual design requirements. The thickness range of the processing layer is 10-150 μm.
[0048] Furthermore, the processing sequence is to process the component layers corresponding to each processing layer layer by layer from the bottom processing layer upwards. The component layer formed after printing and cutting is consistent with the shape and size of the corresponding processing layer, so that a complete component is formed by accumulating multiple component layers corresponding to multiple processing layers layer by layer.
[0049] Furthermore, the processing layer has a solid area and a contour area, and the contour area surrounds and is connected to the periphery of the solid area. After the processing layers are divided, the solid scanning path and the contour scanning path of each processing layer are respectively determined according to the solid area and the contour area of each processing layer. When it is necessary to print the part layer corresponding to the processing layer, the solid part of the part layer is first printed according to the solid scanning path, and then the contour part of the part layer is printed according to the contour scanning path, so as to better process the outer contour of the part layer and improve the forming accuracy of the part layer.
[0050] S2. Perform powder laying and scanning operations: lay a powder layer, and use a first continuous laser to physically scan the powder layer according to the physical scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer.
[0051] In one embodiment, the powder used in the powder layer may be one or more of metal powder, plastic powder, ceramic powder, and polymer powder, and the specific selection may be adaptively selected according to the material of the part to be processed.
[0052] As mentioned above, when processing the part layer corresponding to each processing layer, it is necessary to first lay the powder to form the corresponding powder layer, and then use the first continuous laser to perform a physical scan on the powder layer according to the physical scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer, so as to utilize the high temperature carried by the first continuous laser to melt the powder of the powder layer and then bond it, thereby forming the physical part of the part layer.
[0053] It is worth noting that during the entire processing process, the corresponding powder layer is first laid out according to the thickness and other dimensions of the bottom processing layer, and then the powder layer is scanned by continuous laser to melt the powder in the powder layer and bond it to form the corresponding part layer. Subsequently, a powder layer is laid on top of the newly formed part layer. This powder layer corresponds to the second-to-last processing layer, and the powder layer is scanned by continuous laser to form a part layer. The powder laying and scanning operations are repeated to form parts layer by layer.
[0054] S3. Execute scanning and cutting operation: determine whether the processing layer corresponding to the current powder layer needs to be cut. If so, use the second continuous laser to scan the contour of the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer, and use the pulsed laser to cut the edge of the newly formed part according to the cutting parameters. The initial positions of the pulsed laser and the second continuous laser relative to the processing layer are the same, and the pulsed laser lags behind the second continuous laser. If not, use the second continuous laser to scan the contour of the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer.
[0055] In one embodiment, after the solid portion of the current part layer is formed by scanning the powder layer with the first continuous laser, it is determined whether the processing layer corresponding to the current powder layer needs to be cut.
[0056] If cutting operation is not required, then when the second continuous laser is used to perform contour scanning on the powder layer, the size of the contour portion formed by the powder layer is the same as the size of the contour area of the processing layer, that is, there is no need to reserve the feed amount required for cutting. After the second continuous laser scans the powder layer according to the contour scanning path, the powder can be directly melted and bonded to the solid part of the previously formed part layer to form a complete part layer, and the size of the formed part layer is consistent with the size of the corresponding processing layer.
[0057] In particular, the second continuous laser has the same parameters as the first continuous laser, and both are generated by the same laser generator.
[0058] If cutting operation is required, when the second continuous laser is used to scan the contour of the powder layer, the size of the contour portion of the formed part layer is larger than the contour area of the corresponding processing layer, so as to reserve a certain size for subsequent cutting, thereby processing the contour portion of the part layer corresponding to the contour area of the processing layer through cutting. Compared with directly forming the contour portion of the part layer without cutting, this cutting method improves the forming accuracy of the contour portion of the part layer.
[0059] In particular, the pulse laser can be a short pulse laser beam or an ultrafast pulse laser beam, and the pulse time of the pulse laser can be nanosecond, picosecond or femtosecond level. The pulse laser lags behind the second continuous laser by 0.01ms-0.2ms, and the moving speed of the pulse laser is not greater than the moving speed of the second continuous laser, so as to ensure that during the process of the second continuous laser scanning the powder layer, the pulse laser always follows the second continuous laser to cut the contour of the newly formed part layer.
[0060] In this way, the 3D printing laser forming and cutting method 100 of the present application first uses the first continuous laser to perform a physical scan on the powder layer according to the physical scanning path, and then determines whether the structure formed by the current powder layer needs to be cut. If not, the second continuous laser is used to perform a physical scan on the powder layer only according to the contour scanning path; if so, the second continuous laser is used to perform a physical scan on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path, and a pulsed laser is used to follow the second continuous laser to scan the edge of the newly formed part within a certain period of time after the second continuous laser, so as to achieve cutting of the edge of the newly formed part, so that the pulsed laser can use the heat of the second continuous laser when the molten powder forms the part contour for cutting, thereby improving the cutting effect of the pulsed laser, reducing the power consumption of the pulsed laser, saving costs, and allowing the powder that has not yet solidified on the contour of the formed part to be cut in time by the pulsed laser, thereby improving the forming accuracy of the final formed part.
[0061] In one embodiment, when multiple continuous processing layers need to be cut, the powder spreading operation, entity scanning operation, and contour scanning operation are performed on each layer in turn according to the processing order of the multiple continuous processing layers to obtain multiple part layers corresponding to the multiple continuous processing layers, and then a pulsed laser is used to cut the multiple part layers simultaneously according to the cutting parameters. This method of cutting multiple part layers simultaneously requires the use of a high-power pulsed laser to ensure that the multiple part layers can be completely cut into the required shape and size. At the same time, compared with cutting each part layer separately, the method of cutting multiple part layers simultaneously can increase the molding speed of the entire part and improve production efficiency.
[0062] It is worth noting that when multiple part layers are cut at the same time, the number of part layers ranges from 2 to 6. And when judging whether multiple part layers can be cut at the same time, it is necessary to consider whether the cutting parameters of each part layer are consistent, the shape and size of each part layer, and whether each part layer has hollow features such as holes and slots.
[0063] In one embodiment, the cutting parameters include a cutting allowance. If the part layer corresponding to the processing layer needs to be cut, the contour of the contour scanning path exceeds the outer contour of the processing layer, and the exceeding value is set as the cutting allowance. In this way, the size of the contour portion of the part layer formed by the second continuous laser scanning of the powder layer is larger than the contour area of the corresponding processing layer to form a cutting allowance for pulse laser cutting, and then the part of the contour portion exceeding the contour area is scanned by the pulse laser along the contour scanning path and then cut off.
[0064] In one embodiment, the cutting parameters further include the number of cuttings and the cutting feed rate. The ratio of the cutting allowance to the number of cuttings is the cutting feed rate, and the range of the cutting feed rate is 0.001 mm-0.5 mm.
[0065] When the pulse laser is cutting, it feeds inward multiple times in sequence from the outer edge of the contour part of the part layer formed after scanning according to the contour scanning path, and the number of feeds is the same as the number of cuts. The distance the pulse laser moves inward each time is the same as the cutting feed amount, to ensure that the cutting allowance of the contour part is just removed after the pulse laser is fed to the farthest distance, so that the size of the part layer formed after cutting is completely consistent with the size of the corresponding processing layer.
[0066] The contour part is cut by multiple feeding of pulse laser. Compared with the one-time cutting and forming method, the cutting parameters can be gradually adjusted according to the last cutting situation, thereby improving the cutting accuracy and ensuring that the outer contour of the processed part layer has higher accuracy.
[0067] In one embodiment, the processing layer includes a real processing layer and an imaginary processing layer. Hollow structures such as holes are at least partially formed on the edge of the imaginary processing layer, while the hollow structures such as holes are not formed on the edge of the real processing layer.
[0068] When the part layer corresponding to the real part processing layer is cutting, the cutting feed amount is set to the first cutting feed amount, and when the part layer corresponding to the imaginary part processing layer is cutting, the cutting feed amount is set to the second cutting feed amount, and the first cutting feed amount is greater than the second cutting feed amount. In this way, when the pulse laser is cutting the part layer corresponding to the imaginary part processing layer, the single feed amount of the pulse laser is less than that of the part layer corresponding to the real part processing layer, ensuring that when the pulse laser is cutting the part layer with structures such as holes and grooves, the pulse laser feed times are redundant when processing the part layer without structures such as holes and grooves. The cutting accuracy of the pulse laser can be gradually adjusted during the multiple feeding of the pulse laser to better cut the outer contour of complex parts with deep holes, special-shaped holes, microchannels, etc., and improve the contour accuracy of complex parts.
[0069] At the same time, for the part layer corresponding to the real part processing layer, the pulse laser does not need to feed too many times during the cutting process. It can adjust the cutting parameters with higher precision and process the contour of the part layer that meets the precision requirements. The reduction in the number of feeds will improve the cutting efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the entire part.
[0070] In one embodiment, when cutting operations are performed on multiple continuous processing layers together, if the multiple continuous processing layers include imaginary processing layers, the maximum number of layers of the multiple continuous processing layers is the first number of layers; if the multiple continuous processing layers do not include imaginary processing layers, the maximum number of layers of the multiple continuous processing layers is the second number of layers, and the first number of layers is less than the second number of layers.
[0071] In this way, when setting the number of layers of multiple part layers that can be cut continuously, it is necessary to adjust according to the type of processing layer corresponding to the part layer. If the processing layer corresponding to the multiple part layers does not include an imaginary processing layer, the second number of the multiple part layers is any integer from 2 to 6. If at least one of the processing layers corresponding to the multiple part layers is an imaginary processing layer, then the number of processing layers of the multiple part layers is reduced to the first number relative to the multiple part layers whose processing layers do not include an imaginary processing layer, so as to distinguish the processing layers with complex structures such as deep holes, special-shaped holes, and microchannels from the processing layers that do not include the above-mentioned complex structures, thereby improving the processing efficiency as much as possible while ensuring the processing accuracy of the entire part.
[0072] In one embodiment, the cutting parameters also include cutting light compensation. Before cutting the part layer, the cutting light compensation of the pulsed laser is adjusted according to the cutting allowance corresponding to the part layer to ensure that the pulsed laser can be fed to the position of the outer contour of the processing layer corresponding to the part layer.
[0073] Specifically, during the actual adjustment process, the galvanometer system of the laser generator used to emit pulsed laser is deflected to adjust the initial position of the pulsed laser acting on the contour of the part layer, thereby ensuring that when cutting each part layer, the pulsed laser can start cutting the part layer at the appropriate position.
[0074] In one embodiment, the cutting parameters also include the number of cutting repetitions. Each time the pulse laser is fed according to the cutting feed amount, the pulse laser repeatedly scans the contour of the part layer multiple times according to the cutting path, and the number of repeated scans is set to the number of cutting repetitions.
[0075] In this way, the outer contour of the part layer is scanned back and forth by the pulse laser according to the contour scanning path to ensure that the outer contour of the part layer after pulse laser cutting is more accurate and avoid the existence of adhesion structures that are not completely cut through.
[0076] S4. Repeat the powder spreading scanning operation and the scanning cutting operation according to the processing sequence of the multiple processing layers.
[0077] In one embodiment, the part layers corresponding to each processing layer are processed in sequence from bottom to top, and according to the structure of each processing layer, it is reasonably selected whether to form a single part layer independently or multiple part layers simultaneously, so as to accumulate part layers corresponding to the number of processing layers from bottom to top to form the entire part.
[0078] See also Figure 2 The embodiment of the present application also provides a 3D printing laser forming and cutting device 200, which adopts the above-mentioned 3D printing laser forming and cutting method 100, including a forming body 10, a first laser device 20, a second laser device 30 and a control device 40.
[0079] The molding body 10 is used for powder supply and powder spreading. Specifically, the molding body 10 includes a molding box 11, a powder spreading platform 12, a lifting device 13 and a powder spreading device 14.
[0080] A molding chamber 111 is provided inside the molding box 11, and a lifting chamber 112 is provided at the bottom, and the lifting chamber 112 is connected to the molding chamber 111. The lifting device 13 can be installed in the lifting chamber 112 in a lifting manner, and it can adopt a screw lifting device 13 or a cylinder lifting device. The powder spreading platform 12 is a flat plate structure, and is installed at the lifting end of the lifting device 13, so that it can be lifted and lowered in the lifting chamber 112 with the lifting device 13, and the powder spreading platform 12 can be lifted to the molding chamber 111 for powder laying. The powder spreading platform 12 is used to lay a powder layer, and after the powder layer is formed into a part layer, the lifting device 13 lifts the powder spreading platform 12, so that the powder spreading platform 12 rises to the height of the next processing layer, so as to continue to complete the powder laying operation of the next powder layer on the powder spreading platform 12.
[0081] The powder spreading device 14 is movably installed in the molding cavity 111 and can move back and forth in the horizontal direction to evenly spread the powder pre-placed in the molding cavity 111 on the powder spreading platform 12 .
[0082] The first laser device 20 is disposed toward the molding body 10 and is used to emit the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser. The first laser device 20 is located outside the molding box 11 and emits the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser toward the powder spreading platform 12 in the molding box 11.
[0083] In particular, the first laser device 20 is also provided with a galvanometer system to adjust the angles at which the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser are directed toward the powder spreading platform 12 by deflecting the galvanometer system.
[0084] The second laser device 30 is disposed toward the molding body 10 and is used to emit pulsed laser. The second laser device 30 is located outside the molding box 11 and emits pulsed laser toward the powder spreading platform 12 inside the molding box 11.
[0085] In particular, the second laser device 30 is also provided with a galvanometer system to adjust the angle of the pulsed laser directed toward the powder spreading platform 12 by deflecting the galvanometer system.
[0086] The control device 40 signals connect the molding body 10, the first laser device 20 and the second laser device 30. The control device 40 controls the start and stop of the first laser device 20 and the second laser device 30, and the deflection of the galvanometer system of the first laser device 20 and the second laser device 30, thereby adjusting the scanning paths of the first continuous laser, the second continuous laser, and the pulsed laser. At the same time, the control device 40 also controls the start and stop of the lifting device 13 and the powder spreading device 14.
[0087] In addition, the control device 40 has built-in industrial control software, and a part model can be established in the industrial control software, and multiple processing layers can be obtained by layering the part model. In addition, the processing order of multiple processing layers, the entity scanning path and contour scanning path of each processing layer, the structural characteristics of each processing layer, and the cutting parameters of the part layer corresponding to each processing layer can all be pre-stored in the industrial control software for timely call.
[0088] In the above, the specific embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and substitutions may be made to the specific embodiments of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. These changes and substitutions are all within the scope defined by the present application.
Claims
1. A 3D printing laser forming cutting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Performing layered operations: establishing a geometric model of a part, dividing the geometric model into a plurality of processing layers, determining a processing order of the plurality of processing layers, and a physical scanning path and a contour scanning path of each processing layer; Performing a powder laying and scanning operation: laying a powder layer, and using a first continuous laser to physically scan the powder layer according to a physical scanning path of a processing layer corresponding to the powder layer; Perform scanning and cutting operations: determine whether the processing layer corresponding to the current powder layer needs to be cut. If so, use a second continuous laser to perform contour scanning on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer, and use a pulsed laser to cut the edge of the newly formed part according to the cutting parameters, the pulsed laser and the second continuous laser have the same initial position relative to the processing layer, and the pulsed laser lags behind the second continuous laser; if not, use a second continuous laser to perform contour scanning on the powder layer according to the contour scanning path of the processing layer corresponding to the powder layer; According to the processing sequence of the plurality of processing layers, the powder spreading scanning operation and the scanning cutting operation are repeated.
2. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse laser lags behind the second continuous laser by 0.01ms-0.2ms, and the moving speed of the pulse laser is not greater than the moving speed of the second continuous laser.
3. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When multiple continuous processing layers need to be cut, powder laying operations, solid scanning operations, and contour scanning operations are performed on each layer in turn according to the processing order of the multiple continuous processing layers, and multiple part layers corresponding to the multiple continuous processing layers are obtained. Pulsed laser is used to simultaneously cut the multiple part layers according to the cutting parameters.
4. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting parameters include a cutting allowance. If a part layer corresponding to the processing layer needs to be cut, the contour of the contour scanning path exceeds the outer contour of the processing layer, and the exceeding value is set as the cutting allowance.
5. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutting parameters also include the number of cuts and the cutting feed amount, the ratio of the cutting allowance to the number of cuts is the cutting feed amount, and the range of the cutting feed amount is 0.001mm-0.5mm; When the pulse laser is cutting, the pulse laser feeds inward from the contour scanning path for multiple times in sequence, and the number of feeds is the same as the number of cutting times, and the distance the pulse laser moves inward each time it feeds is the same as the cutting feed amount.
6. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The processing layer comprises a real processing layer and an imaginary processing layer, and at least a portion of the edge of the imaginary processing layer is provided with holes and grooves; When the part layer corresponding to the real part processing layer is performing cutting operation, the cutting feed amount is set to the first cutting feed amount, and when the part layer corresponding to the imaginary part processing layer is performing cutting operation, the cutting feed amount is set to the second cutting feed amount, and the first cutting feed amount is greater than the second cutting feed amount.
7. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When cutting operations are performed on multiple continuous processing layers together, if the multiple continuous processing layers include the imaginary processing layer, the maximum number of the multiple continuous processing layers is the first number of layers; if the multiple continuous processing layers do not include the imaginary processing layer, the maximum number of the multiple continuous processing layers is the second number of layers, and the first number of layers is less than the second number of layers.
8. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutting parameters also include cutting light compensation. Before cutting the part layer, the cutting light compensation of the pulse laser is adjusted according to the cutting allowance corresponding to the part layer to ensure that the pulse laser can be fed to the position of the outer contour of the processing layer corresponding to the part layer.
9. The 3D printing laser forming cutting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutting parameters also include the number of cutting repetitions. Each time the pulse laser is fed according to the cutting feed amount, the pulse laser repeatedly scans the contour of the part layer multiple times according to the cutting path, and the number of repeated scans is set to the number of cutting repetitions.
10. A 3D printing laser forming and cutting device, characterized in that: The 3D printing laser forming and cutting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: The molding body is used for powder supply and spreading; A first laser device, disposed toward the molding body, for emitting the first continuous laser and the second continuous laser; A second laser device, disposed toward the molding body, for emitting the pulsed laser; A control device is used to connect the molding body, the first laser device and the second laser device by signals.