Photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement method and system based on shadow analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a shadow analysis-based photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement method and system, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic component arrangement. The method comprises the steps that the geographic latitude and the geographic longitude of a photovoltaic array arrangement position are acquired, and according to the geographic latitude and the geographic longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, a solar altitude angle and a solar azimuth angle are calculated through a solar position model; a photovoltaic array arrangement rule is preset, and according to the solar altitude, the solar azimuth angle and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule, the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array is obtained through spacing calculation; obtaining shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; and obtaining an optimal inclination angle and an optimal direction angle through a component arrangement optimization model according to shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array. According to the invention, photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement based on shadow analysis is realized, and the illumination receiving quantity of the photovoltaic array is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic component arrangement, and in particular relates to a method and system for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis. Background Art

[0002] Solar photovoltaic power generation technology has important practical significance for alleviating the energy crisis and reducing environmental pollution. Shadow is an important factor affecting the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic arrays are easily affected by shadows cast by surrounding buildings, trees, etc., which can cause hot spot effects; photovoltaic modules will become loads under shadow coverage, consuming energy generated by other normal batteries, causing local overheating. This phenomenon not only accelerates the aging of batteries and shortens their service life, but can even cause fires in severe cases. Therefore, before installing the photovoltaic array, optimizing the layout of the photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis is an important means to effectively reduce the hot spot effect, improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the overall safety of the system.

[0003] The traditional photovoltaic array optimization configuration method based on series-parallel topology has many series branches and is easily affected by local shadows, resulting in a significant drop in output power. The photovoltaic array optimization configuration method based on simulation uses MATLAB's M file to build a simulation model of the photovoltaic array under local shadows, and obtains the photovoltaic array optimization configuration principle by comparing the output power of the photovoltaic array under different light distributions, but its calculation amount is large and it is difficult to achieve real-time dynamic simulation. The photovoltaic array optimization configuration principle based on the photovoltaic module engineering model establishes a mathematical model of the photovoltaic array under local shadows and analyzes the output characteristics to obtain the optimal distribution, but it is only applicable to static shadow conditions. Therefore, the above methods still have limitations in achieving the optimal configuration of photovoltaic arrays under real-time shadows. Reinforcement learning can find the strategy that optimizes the goal by allowing the intelligent agent to continuously try and error in the environment, which is a breakthrough in solving the above problems. However, how to combine reinforcement learning with shadow analysis to achieve the optimal configuration of photovoltaic arrays under real-time dynamic shadows requires further research. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis comprises the following steps: Obtaining the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, and calculating the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location through a solar position model; A photovoltaic array arrangement rule is preset, and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array is obtained by spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; Obtaining shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; According to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array, an optimal inclination angle and an optimal direction angle are obtained through a component arrangement optimization model.

[0006] A further improvement of the present invention is that the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are calculated by a solar position model according to the geographical latitude and the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, including: The local true solar time is calculated according to the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location by using the true solar time; The local solar hour angle is calculated by using the solar hour angle according to the local true solar time; The solar altitude angle is obtained by calculating the altitude angle according to the local solar hour angle and the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The solar azimuth is obtained by calculating the azimuth according to the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that the shadow analysis obtained by using a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: Collecting photovoltaic array layout location information through GIS, wherein the photovoltaic array layout location information includes layout location information and surrounding obstruction information; The light intensity is obtained by the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula; The shadow analysis is obtained by using the Candela3D shadow analysis tool according to the light intensity and the photovoltaic array arrangement position information.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that obtaining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a component arrangement optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: The shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array are used as the state space, and the photovoltaic module tilt angle and the photovoltaic module direction angle change are used as the action space; Obtaining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array by MPPT maximum power point tracking according to the state space and the action space; Obtain the shadow area at the current moment, and obtain a layout reward function through a reward function definition according to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and the shadow area at the current moment; The optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle are obtained according to the state space, the action space, and the arrangement reward function through a deep Q network algorithm DQN.

[0009] A photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis, comprising a sun position calculation module, an array spacing calculation module, a shadow analysis module and an arrangement optimization module; The solar position calculation module is used to obtain the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position through the solar position model; The array spacing calculation module is used to preset the photovoltaic array arrangement rule, and obtain the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array through spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; The shadow analysis module is used to obtain shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; The layout optimization module is used to obtain the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a component layout optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in the solar position calculation module, the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are calculated by the solar position model according to the geographical latitude and the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, including: The local true solar time is calculated according to the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location by using the true solar time; The local solar hour angle is calculated by using the solar hour angle according to the local true solar time; The solar altitude angle is obtained by calculating the altitude angle according to the local solar hour angle and the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The solar azimuth is obtained by calculating the azimuth according to the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in the shadow analysis module, the shadow analysis obtained by using a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: Collecting photovoltaic array layout location information through GIS, wherein the photovoltaic array layout location information includes layout location information and surrounding obstruction information; The light intensity is obtained by the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula; The shadow analysis is obtained by using the Candela3D shadow analysis tool according to the light intensity and the photovoltaic array arrangement position information.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in the arrangement optimization module, obtaining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through the component arrangement optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: The shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array are used as the state space, and the photovoltaic module tilt angle and the photovoltaic module direction angle change are used as the action space; Obtaining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array by MPPT maximum power point tracking according to the state space and the action space; Obtain the shadow area at the current moment, and obtain a layout reward function through a reward function definition according to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and the shadow area at the current moment; The optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle are obtained according to the state space, the action space, and the arrangement reward function through a deep Q network algorithm DQN.

[0013] An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for optimal arrangement of photovoltaic array components based on shadow analysis are implemented.

[0014] A storage medium containing computer executable instructions, which are used to execute the steps of the method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis when executed by a computer processor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a method and system for optimal component layout of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis. By calculating the altitude angle and azimuth of the sun and presetting a reasonable north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array, it is possible to ensure that there is no excessive obstruction between photovoltaic components, thereby maximizing the amount of light received by the photovoltaic array. The photovoltaic array layout location information and the surrounding environmental obstruction information are collected through the GIS system, and the light intensity is calculated through the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula, which can accurately reflect the change in light intensity; shadow analysis is performed through the Candela3D shadow analysis tool based on the collected photovoltaic array layout location information, the surrounding environmental obstruction information, and the change in light intensity, which can analyze real-time shadows and lay the foundation for the subsequent optimization of the photovoltaic array component layout. Through the powerful decision-making ability of reinforcement learning, the inclination and direction angle of the photovoltaic array are dynamically adjusted according to the shadow analysis results and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array, so that the photovoltaic array component layout is optimal and the amount of light received by the photovoltaic array is maximized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis.

[0018] Figure 2 The present invention is a structural block diagram of a photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions are considered to be exemplary and non-restrictive in nature.

[0020] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "include" and "comprises" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.

[0022] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0023] Various structural schematic diagrams of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. These figures are not drawn to scale, and some details are magnified and some details may be omitted for the purpose of clear expression. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween are only exemplary, and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art may additionally design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis, comprising: S1: Obtaining the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, and calculating the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location through a solar position model; S2: Preset a photovoltaic array arrangement rule, and obtain the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array by spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; S3: Obtaining shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; S4: Obtaining an optimal tilt angle and an optimal direction angle through a component arrangement optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array.

[0026] In step S1, the sun position model calculation includes: S101: Calculating the local true solar time according to the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location by using the true solar time; The true solar time calculation expression is:

[0027] Wherein, ST represents the local true solar time, LON represents the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, LON' represents the central longitude of the time zone, and b is the correction value; S102: Calculating the local solar hour angle according to the local true solar time by using the solar hour angle; The solar hour angle calculation expression is:

[0028] Wherein, ω represents the local solar hour angle, and ST represents the local true solar time; S103: Obtaining the solar altitude angle by altitude angle calculation according to the local solar hour angle and the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The altitude angle calculation expression is:

[0029] Wherein, h represents the solar altitude angle, ε is the solar declination, represents the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, ω represents the local solar hour angle, sin represents the sine function, and n represents the nth day of the year; S104: Obtaining the solar azimuth angle through azimuth calculation according to the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The azimuth angle calculation expression is:

[0030] Wherein, A represents the solar azimuth, cos represents the cosine function, α represents the ecliptic obliquity, ε represents the solar declination, Indicates the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location.

[0031] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic array layout rules include: from 9 am to 3 pm on the local winter solstice true solar time, the photovoltaic array is arranged without obstruction in front, behind, left and right; the photovoltaic array is arranged in an east-west direction along the slope of the long side of the photovoltaic bracket, and ensure that adjacent photovoltaic brackets in the same horizontal row are connected in the east-west direction; if the east-west photovoltaic brackets are not connected, the east-west spacing is equal to the north-south spacing.

[0032] Specifically, the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic arrays is the horizontal plane projection distance of the photovoltaic arrays.

[0033] In step S2, the spacing calculation expression is:

[0034] in, represents the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array, in m, A represents the solar azimuth, θ represents the surface angle between the photovoltaic array surface and the horizontal plane, μ represents the angle between the terrain slope and the south direction, i represents the terrain slope, δ represents the angle between the terrain slope and the solar azimuth, B represents the north-south width of the photovoltaic bracket, h represents the solar altitude angle, cos represents the cosine function, sin represents the sine function, tan represents the tangent function; In step S3, the shadow analysis model includes: S301: Collecting photovoltaic array layout location information through GIS, where the photovoltaic array layout location information includes layout location information and surrounding obstruction information; S302: Obtaining the light intensity by using the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula; The Guass-Legendre quadrature formula is expressed as:

[0035] Wherein, x represents the light intensity, represents the normal distribution function of light intensity, t represents time, and e represents the base of the logarithmic function; S303: Obtain the shadow analysis using the Candela3D shadow analysis tool according to the light intensity and the photovoltaic array arrangement position information.

[0036] Specifically, the GIS is a geographic information system used to collect, store and analyze geospatial data.

[0037] In step S4, the component placement optimization model is based on reinforcement learning, specifically including: S401: taking the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array as the state space, and taking the photovoltaic module inclination angle and the photovoltaic module direction angle change as the action space; S402: Obtaining a maximum power point of a photovoltaic array by MPPT maximum power point tracking according to the state space and the action space; S403: Obtain the shadow area at the current moment, and obtain a layout reward function through a reward function definition according to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and the shadow area at the current moment; The reward function definition expression is:

[0038] Where R represents the placement reward function, β and γ are weight coefficients, and P max is the maximum power of the photovoltaic array, S shadow is the shaded area at the current moment, V mp is the maximum power point voltage, I mp is the maximum power point current; S404: Obtaining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a deep Q network algorithm DQN according to the state space, the action space, and the arrangement reward function.

[0039] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic array adopts a TCT topology structure, and a 5×5 photovoltaic array is constructed in a parallel-first and then series connection manner.

[0040] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis, including a sun position calculation module, an array spacing calculation module, a shadow analysis module and an arrangement optimization module.

[0041] The solar position calculation module is used to obtain the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position through the solar position model; The array spacing calculation module is used to preset the photovoltaic array arrangement rule, and obtain the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array through spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; The shadow analysis module is used to obtain shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; The layout optimization module is used to obtain the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a component layout optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array.

[0042] Example 3 The present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for optimal arrangement of photovoltaic array components based on shadow analysis are implemented.

[0043] The electronic device may also include one or more of a multimedia component, an input / output (I / O) interface, and a communication component.

[0044] The processor is used to control the overall operation of the electronic device to complete all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned storage medium sharing method. The memory is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device, and these data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method used to operate on the electronic device, and application-related data, such as contact data, messages sent and received, pictures, audio, video, etc. The memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, referred to as SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EPROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as PROM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The multimedia component may include a screen and an audio component. The screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signal may be further stored in a memory or sent through a communication component. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. The I / O interface provides an interface between the processor and other interface modules, and the other interface modules may be a keyboard, a mouse, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons. The communication component is used for wired or wireless communication between the electronic device and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G or 4G, or a combination of one or more of them, so the corresponding communication component may include: a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSPD), programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to execute the above-mentioned storage medium sharing method.

[0046] Example 4 A storage medium containing computer executable instructions, which are used to execute the steps of the method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis when executed by a computer processor.

[0047] The computer storage medium of the present embodiment can adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example, but not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices or devices, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, computer-readable storage media can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which can be used by an instruction execution system, device or device or used in combination with it.

[0048] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carry computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which may send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0049] The program code included on the computer readable medium can be transmitted with any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, electric wire, optical cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the above. The computer program code for performing the operation of the present invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or their combinations, and the programming language includes object-oriented programming languages-such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also includes conventional procedural programming languages-such as "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed completely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on the remote computer, or completely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0051] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in accordance with the implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only to illustrate the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location, and calculating the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location through a solar position model; A photovoltaic array arrangement rule is preset, and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array is obtained by spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; Obtaining shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; According to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array, an optimal inclination angle and an optimal direction angle are obtained through a component arrangement optimization model.

2. The method for optimal component arrangement of photovoltaic arrays based on shadow analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle by using a solar position model according to the geographical latitude and the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location comprises: The local true solar time is calculated according to the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location by using the true solar time; The local solar hour angle is calculated by using the solar hour angle according to the local true solar time; The solar altitude angle is obtained by calculating the altitude angle according to the local solar hour angle and the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The solar azimuth is obtained by calculating the azimuth according to the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location.

3. The method for optimal component arrangement of photovoltaic arrays based on shadow analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shadow analysis obtained by using a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: Collecting photovoltaic array layout location information through GIS, wherein the photovoltaic array layout location information includes layout location information and surrounding obstruction information; The light intensity is obtained by the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula; The shadow analysis is obtained by using the Candela3D shadow analysis tool according to the light intensity and the photovoltaic array arrangement position information.

4. The method for optimal arrangement of photovoltaic array components based on shadow analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a component arrangement optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array comprises: The shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array are used as the state space, and the photovoltaic module tilt angle and the photovoltaic module direction angle change are used as the action space; Obtaining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array by MPPT maximum power point tracking according to the state space and the action space; Obtain the shadow area at the current moment, and obtain a layout reward function through a reward function definition according to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and the shadow area at the current moment; The optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle are obtained according to the state space, the action space, and the arrangement reward function through a deep Q network algorithm DQN.

5. A photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis, characterized in that: It includes sun position calculation module, array spacing calculation module, shadow analysis module and layout optimization module; The solar position calculation module is used to obtain the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle according to the geographical latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position through the solar position model; The array spacing calculation module is used to preset the photovoltaic array arrangement rule, and obtain the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array through spacing calculation according to the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, and the photovoltaic array arrangement rule; The shadow analysis module is used to obtain shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array; The layout optimization module is used to obtain the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through a component layout optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array.

6. The photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the solar position calculation module, the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are calculated by the solar position model according to the geographical latitude and the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement position, including: The local true solar time is calculated according to the geographical longitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location by using the true solar time; The local solar hour angle is calculated by using the solar hour angle according to the local true solar time; The solar altitude angle is obtained by calculating the altitude angle according to the local solar hour angle and the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location; The solar azimuth is obtained by calculating the azimuth according to the geographical latitude of the photovoltaic array arrangement location.

7. The photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the shadow analysis module, obtaining shadow analysis through a shadow analysis model according to the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: Collecting photovoltaic array layout location information through GIS, wherein the photovoltaic array layout location information includes layout location information and surrounding obstruction information; The light intensity is obtained by the Guass-Legendre quadrature formula; The shadow analysis is obtained by using the Candela3D shadow analysis tool according to the light intensity and the photovoltaic array arrangement position information.

8. The photovoltaic array optimal component arrangement system based on shadow analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the arrangement optimization module, obtaining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle through the component arrangement optimization model according to the shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array includes: The shadow analysis and the north-south spacing of the photovoltaic array are used as the state space, and the photovoltaic module tilt angle and the photovoltaic module direction angle change are used as the action space; Obtaining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array by MPPT maximum power point tracking according to the state space and the action space; Obtain the shadow area at the current moment, and obtain a layout reward function through a reward function definition according to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and the shadow area at the current moment; The optimal inclination angle and the optimal direction angle are obtained according to the state space, the action space, and the arrangement reward function through a deep Q network algorithm DQN.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

10. A storage medium containing computer executable instructions, characterized in that: When the computer executable instructions are executed by a computer processor, they are used to perform the steps of the method for optimal component arrangement of a photovoltaic array based on shadow analysis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images