Comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for vehicle integrated thermal management system

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for a vehicle integrated thermal management system, and belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicle thermal management energy efficiency evaluation. According to the vehicle integrated thermal management system comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method, a thermal management system performance evaluation system which is suitable for a vehicle actual dynamic driving scene and has a time integral concept is established. Working condition division is carried out on actual operation requirements under the application background, time periodic integration is carried out on evaluation indexes of transient dimensions, and the evaluation indexes are sequentially extended into indexes of seasonal dimensions, annual dimensions and full life cycle dimensions. Besides, energy efficiency evaluation of the thermal management system is converted into a thermal management energy consumption coefficient from a performance coefficient so as to visually reflect the proportion of energy consumption of the thermal management system in total energy consumption, evaluation indexes are put into the endurance mileage from the perspective of practical experience of a user terminal, and the influence of the thermal management system on the endurance mileage is reflected by an endurance mileage equivalent rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of thermal management energy efficiency evaluation of new energy vehicles, and specifically relates to a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for an integrated thermal management system of a whole vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Energy is the guarantee for the sustainable development of human society. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, the energy crisis is becoming increasingly severe. Promoting clean renewable energy to replace non-renewable energy such as gasoline and promoting energy transformation in the transportation sector are important links in coping with the energy crisis. Electric energy is an economical, practical, easy to control and convert form of energy. The development and popularization of electric vehicles can not only reduce traffic emissions and pollution, but also save a lot of energy.

[0003] For electric vehicles without engine waste heat, the application of heat pump air conditioning systems is the general trend. In addition to the thermal management needs of the passenger compartment based on human comfort and driving safety, battery components also have thermal management needs to avoid safety accidents such as thermal runaway, reduce useless heat generation, and improve charging and discharging efficiency. In addition, the thermal management of the drive motor also has an important impact on the energy conversion process of electric vehicles. The "three-electric and one-room" vehicle-integrated interactive coupling thermal management system has multi-level development goals, covering safety, power, endurance, comfort, and durability. In addition, the refrigerant used in the thermal management system urgently needs to be replaced under the guidance of carbon reduction and emission reduction goals, but the replacement route is not yet clear. The alternative refrigerants have their own advantages and disadvantages. They are in a diversified development stage with CO2 / R290 / R1234yf as the main and various forms of mixed working fluids as supplements.

[0004] The activation of the thermal management system will consume the energy of the power battery and cause the range to decline. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management system has always been the focus of industry research, and the comparison of various alternative refrigerants from the perspective of energy efficiency is also one of the keys to clarifying the alternative route. The commonly used performance evaluation index COP is a transient indicator for the system cycle under specific operating conditions. However, in actual vehicle operation, the thermal flow boundary conditions of the thermal management system such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, driving speed, and driving road conditions will change in real time. Different operating conditions and times often correspond to different thermal management system operating modes and different heat loads, which further affect the overall operating state and performance coefficient of the system. Therefore, a single COP evaluation index cannot fully reflect the performance of the thermal management system under actual variable driving conditions, and requires accumulation in the time dimension. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for an integrated thermal management system for the entire vehicle to broaden the time scale of the evaluation index and improve the application adaptability of the evaluation method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for an integrated thermal management system of a whole vehicle, so as to solve the problem that the evaluation method of the thermal management system in the prior art is difficult to comprehensively reflect the performance of the thermal management system under actual variable driving conditions.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system includes the following steps:

[0008] S1, obtaining evaluation index values ​​corresponding to the operating mode and the ambient temperature, wherein the evaluation index includes the vehicle performance coefficient COP, the thermal management energy consumption coefficient and the cruising range equivalent rate;

[0009] S2, obtaining the temperature requirement of the whole vehicle, where the temperature requirement of the whole vehicle is the time proportion of each temperature value in a certain time period;

[0010] S3, based on the time period, calculating and obtaining the vehicle performance coefficient COP, thermal management energy consumption coefficient and cruising range equivalent rate within the time period;

[0011] S4, evaluates the energy efficiency of the thermal management system based on various evaluation indicators.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is:

[0013] Preferably, in S2, the time period is a season, a whole year or a life cycle.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the vehicle performance coefficient COP is a cooling seasonal performance coefficient, a heating seasonal performance coefficient, a full-year average seasonal performance coefficient, or a life cycle average seasonal performance coefficient;

[0015] The calculation formula of the refrigeration seasonal performance coefficient is:

[0016]

[0017] The calculation formula of the heating seasonal performance coefficient is:

[0018]

[0019] Where, x is the number of steps between the lowest and highest ambient temperatures experienced during system operation within a specific reference area; H j ——Ambient temperature is T j Total hours; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; COP C,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The coefficient of performance of the refrigeration system; Hh ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; COP H,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The coefficient of performance of the heating system.

[0020] The calculation formula of the annual average seasonal performance coefficient is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, H tot - the total number of hours the thermal management system is used in a specific area throughout the year;

[0023] The calculation formula of the life cycle average seasonal performance coefficient is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

[0026] Preferably, the vehicle performance coefficient COP also includes the battery seasonal performance coefficient:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, COP j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The performance coefficient of the thermal management system is: a ——The total number of hours with suitable temperature in a specific area.

[0029] Preferably, when the vehicle is not heated by PTC, COP C,j , COP H,j and COP j The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0030]

[0031] in, ——Active cooling or heating capacity of the thermal management system, kW; ——Total energy consumption of thermal management system, kW; ——Refrigeration or heating capacity of refrigerant, kW; ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW;

[0032] When the vehicle uses PTC heating, COP H,jand COP j The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0033]

[0034] in, ——The heating capacity of the PTC heater is turned on when the refrigerant heating capacity is insufficient, kW; ——PTC power consumption, kW.

[0035] Preferably, in S3, the thermal management energy consumption ratio is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season, the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the heating season, the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient, or the energy consumption coefficient over the entire life cycle;

[0036] The calculation formula of the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season is:

[0037]

[0038] The calculation formula for the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the heating season is:

[0039]

[0040] The calculation formula for the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient is:

[0041]

[0042] The calculation formula of the energy consumption coefficient within the whole life cycle is:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, ψ j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j Thermal management energy consumption coefficient under ; —Electric energy consumed by the thermal management system, kWh; —Total power of the battery, kWh; ψ h is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the heating season, ψ c is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season; ψ a is the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient, ψ l is the energy consumption coefficient for the entire life cycle.

[0045] Preferably, the calculation formula of the thermal management energy consumption coefficient at a specific ambient temperature is:

[0046]

[0047] in, The electrical energy consumed by the thermal management system, kWh; is the electric energy of the whole vehicle, kWh; SOC——the remaining charge percentage of the battery.

[0048] Preferably, the calculation formula for the electric energy consumed by the thermal management system is:

[0049]

[0050] in, ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of electronic fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW; ——PTC power consumption, kW.

[0051] Preferably, the cruising range equivalent rate is a cooling season cruising range equivalent rate, a heating season cruising range equivalent rate, a full year average cruising range equivalent rate, or a full life cycle cruising range equivalent rate;

[0052] The calculation formula for the refrigeration season mileage equivalent rate is:

[0053]

[0054] The calculation formula for the heating season cruising range equivalent rate is:

[0055]

[0056] The calculation formula for the annual average cruising range equivalent rate is:

[0057]

[0058] The calculation formula of the life cycle mileage equivalent rate is:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, θ j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The range equivalent rate under ;

[0061] Preferably, the calculation formula for the cruising range equivalent rate at a specific ambient temperature is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, R TMS- ——Cruise range with thermal management system turned on; R TMS-o ——Cruise range without thermal management system activated.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0065] In view of the problem that the existing evaluation index COP can only evaluate the transient thermal performance of the system cycle under specific operating conditions and cannot adapt to the variability of vehicle operation scenarios, the present invention proposes a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for the integrated thermal management system of the whole vehicle, and establishes a thermal management system performance evaluation system suitable for the actual dynamic driving scenario of the vehicle with the concept of time integration. The actual operating requirements under the application background are divided into working conditions, and the evaluation indicators of the transient dimension are periodically integrated in time, and are successively extended to indicators of seasonal, annual, and full life cycle dimensions. In addition, the energy efficiency evaluation of the thermal management system is transformed from the performance coefficient to the thermal management energy consumption coefficient to intuitively reflect the proportion of the energy consumption of the thermal management system in the total energy consumption. In addition, from the perspective of the actual experience of the user terminal, the evaluation index is settled on the cruising range, and the cruising range equivalent rate is used to reflect the impact of the thermal management system on the cruising range. The new evaluation system can be applied on a wide range of time scales, adapt to dynamic and changeable driving conditions, and can comprehensively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of system performance from multiple angles, reflecting the scientificity and effectiveness of energy efficiency evaluation, and providing theoretical guidance for the research on energy efficiency optimization of vehicle thermal management systems. The method of the present invention performs multi-angle and multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis on a thermal management system, thereby achieving effective evaluation of the thermal performance of a thermal management system of a new energy vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the energy consumption process of the vehicle integrated thermal management system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 3 It is a schematic block diagram of the comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] In the following, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0070] The co-shooting method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, laptop computers, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPC), netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any restrictions on the specific type of the terminal device.

[0071] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and drawings of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0072] See also Figure 1 This is the energy consumption diagram of the vehicle's integrated thermal management system. The upstream and downstream of the vehicle thermal management system energy distribution include: power batteries as the energy supply layer, power systems as the energy consumption layer, and thermal management systems. Among them, the power battery is the energy source of the vehicle, and its energy is mainly distributed to the power system and thermal management system. The power system converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle forward. The thermal management system quickly responds to safety requirements (precise temperature control such as cooling or heating of corresponding components of batteries, motors, and electronic controls) and comfort requirements (cooling and heating of the passenger compartment and humidity control) according to the temperature of the passenger compartment, battery, motor, and electronic control components, selects the operating mode of the thermal management system, drives the corresponding components of the system to open and close, and realizes effective control of the temperature of the passenger compartment, battery, motor, and electronic control. The operating state of the thermal management system is also affected by parameters such as ambient temperature, driving speed, driving road conditions, and driving time, resulting in different passenger compartment, battery, motor, and electronic control heat loads and temperatures. The compressor speed, fan speed, water pump speed, and PTC power will all change, and the power consumption of each component will change accordingly. In order to achieve the lowest power consumption of the power battery during the entire travel time, achieve energy saving and improve the user's driving experience, it is necessary to improve the performance of the thermal management system and adopt multi-angle evaluation indicators such as performance coefficient, thermal management energy consumption coefficient and cruising range equivalent rate.

[0073] Fluctuations in ambient temperature have a significant impact on the energy consumption of the compressor and the system's coefficient of performance (COP). The COP under a single condition is a transient indicator for the system cycle under specific operating conditions and is not sufficient to fully analyze the performance of the thermal management system across time scales.

[0074] For the reasons stated above, please see Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the above thermal management system, the present invention discloses a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for the integrated thermal management system of a whole vehicle. The evaluation indicators of the system include seasonal performance coefficient, thermal management energy consumption ratio and cruising range equivalent rate. The three evaluation indicators are calculated separately and comprehensively considered. Specifically, the evaluation method includes the following steps:

[0075] S1, obtain the vehicle performance coefficient COP, thermal management energy consumption coefficient ψ, and cruising range equivalent rate θ under each specific working condition and operating mode;

[0076] S2, obtaining a time-related vehicle temperature requirement; the time-related vehicle temperature requirement includes a seasonal temperature requirement, an annual temperature requirement, and a temperature requirement within a life cycle;

[0077] S3, based on the time-related vehicle temperature requirements, combined with the vehicle COP, thermal management energy consumption coefficient ψ, and cruising range equivalent rate θ, calculate the evaluation indicators at each time scale, including seasonal performance parameters, thermal management energy consumption ratio, and cruising range equivalent;

[0078] S4, based on various evaluation indicators, evaluates the energy efficiency of different thermal management systems.

[0079] In addition to taking the vehicle performance coefficient COP into consideration, the present invention also adds a thermal management coefficient and a cruising range equivalent rate, wherein the thermal management coefficient is an evaluation index of the power consumption of the thermal management system, and the cruising range equivalent rate is an evaluation index of the cruising range.

[0080] The coefficient of performance (COP) is one of the most important indicators for measuring the performance of a thermal management system. It uses a comparison of benefits and costs. The formula for calculating the coefficient of performance is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] in, ——Active cooling / heating capacity of thermal management system, kW; ——Total energy consumption of thermal management system, kW; ——Cooling / heating capacity of refrigerant, kW; ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of electronic fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW.

[0083] In low temperature conditions, if HFC (HydroFluoroCarbon) refrigerant is used, PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heating needs to be turned on. In this case, the COP calculation formula is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] in, ——The heating capacity of the PTC heater is turned on when the refrigerant heating capacity is insufficient, kW; ——PTC power consumption, kW.

[0086] Since the system's coefficient of performance (COP) cannot directly reflect the energy consumption of the thermal management system, the present invention introduces the thermal management energy consumption coefficient as an evaluation indicator of the thermal management system's power consumption. It represents the ratio of the power consumed by the thermal management system to the total power consumption when the battery charge is discharged from 100% to 0%.

[0087]

[0088] in, ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of electronic fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW, ——PTC power consumption, kW; ——Electric energy consumed by the thermal management system, kW; —The total power of the battery, kWh, ψ is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient, SOC——the remaining charge ratio of the battery. In this formula, the four power consumptions on the right side of formula (3) and the total power of the battery can all be obtained through measurement.

[0089] The cruising range is regarded as one of the key indicators for evaluating the performance of electric vehicles. It directly affects the driving experience of the user terminal and largely determines the practicality and market competitiveness of electric vehicles. The length of the cruising range directly affects the society's acceptance of electric vehicles. The improvement of the cruising range helps to alleviate consumers' mileage anxiety and promote the popularization of electric vehicles. The cruising range is generally defined as the total distance traveled by the vehicle under standard driving conditions when the battery charge is discharged from 100% to 0%. However, the vehicle's cruising range will also be affected under different ambient temperatures and driving conditions. Therefore, the cruising range equivalent rate is further used to represent the impact of the thermal management system on the vehicle's cruising range. It is defined as the ratio of the cruising range when the vehicle's thermal management system is turned on to the cruising range when the thermal management system is not turned on.

[0090]

[0091] Among them, R TMS-on ——Cruise range with thermal management system turned on, km; R TMS-off ——Cruise range without thermal management system turned on, km; in this formula, the cruising range can be obtained through measurement.

[0092] In the present invention, in S2, the time-related temperature demand of the whole vehicle refers to the temperature demand within a period of time. The length of time can be adjusted according to the actual needs, and the focus is on the temperature demand of the whole vehicle within the time period.

[0093] Typical time zones are cooling season, heating season, whole year, whole life cycle, etc. Therefore, the time-related vehicle temperature requirements set in the present invention include seasonal temperature requirements, whole year temperature requirements, and temperature requirements within the life cycle.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present invention, a specific evaluation process of the coefficient of performance COP is provided.

[0095] Fluctuations in ambient temperature have a significant impact on the energy consumption of the compressor and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. The COP under a single condition is a transient indicator for the system cycle under specific operating conditions, and is not sufficient to fully analyze the performance of the thermal management system across time scales. In most operating modes, the heat load of the passenger compartment occupies a dominant position. Before the thermal management of the passenger compartment is turned on, it is basically consistent with the ambient temperature, and most of the thermal management demand conditions of the battery are covered within the environmental range of similar thermal management requirements in the passenger compartment. The cooling seasonal performance factor (CSPF) and the heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) are proposed. The seasonal indicators are obtained by integrating the time, and the quarterly performance of the air-conditioning system and the heat pump system are evaluated respectively. The steps are as follows:

[0096] S11, obtaining the precise COP value of the thermal management system under different operation modes and ambient temperatures;

[0097] S12, summarize the actual operational requirements in the application context based on historical climate conditions;

[0098] S13, estimating the performance coefficient of the thermal management system in a specific operation cycle by integration according to the ratio of the operation mode and the ambient temperature.

[0099] In S11, there are multiple common operating modes of the vehicle, and the COP is calculated by formula (1) or (2) in combination with the ambient temperature.

[0100] Specific operating modes, such as passenger compartment cooling, passenger compartment heating, battery cooling, battery heating, passenger compartment and battery cooling or heating, etc.

[0101] In S12, the actual operation requirements in the application context are summarized, specifically, the time length of the actual temperature requirements is summarized according to different seasons, the whole year and the entire vehicle life cycle.

[0102] S13, COP includes cooling seasonal performance coefficient, heating seasonal performance coefficient, battery seasonal performance coefficient, annual average seasonal performance coefficient and life cycle COP performance coefficient. Seasonal indicators can be obtained by estimating and integrating the time. The cooling seasonal performance coefficient (CSPF) and heating seasonal performance coefficient (HSPF) are proposed in turn to evaluate the quarterly performance of the cooling system and heating system respectively:

[0103]

[0104] Where, x is the number of steps between the lowest and highest ambient temperatures experienced during system operation within a specific reference area; H j ——Ambient temperature is T j Total hours; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; COP C,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The coefficient of performance of the refrigeration system; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; COP H,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The performance coefficient of the heat pump system is as follows. In this formula, H j is the time length determined in the above S12.

[0105] In most operating modes, the heat load of the passenger compartment occupies a major position. Before the thermal management of the passenger compartment is turned on, it is basically consistent with the ambient temperature, and most of the thermal management demand conditions of the battery are covered within the environmental range of similar thermal management requirements in the passenger compartment. In addition, even at a suitable ambient temperature, as the vehicle travels, the battery temperature continues to rise to the upper temperature limit set by the logic gate under the action of Joule heat and polarization heat, or a large amount of heat accumulates in a short time in the battery fast charging mode. There are situations where the battery thermal management is turned on without thinking about the ambient temperature. Therefore, the battery seasonal performance factor (BCPF) can be calculated.

[0106]

[0107] Among them, COP j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The performance coefficient of the thermal management system is: a- the total number of hours of suitable temperature in a specific area;

[0108] Furthermore, the annual average seasonal performance factor (ASPF) is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the thermal management system throughout the year:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, H tot ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used in a specific area throughout the year.

[0111] The time scale of the evaluation index can be extended to the entire life cycle, and the life cycle mean seasonal performance factor (LSPF) is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the thermal management system over the entire life cycle:

[0112] The time scale of the evaluation indicators can be further expanded to the entire life cycle:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

[0115] It should be understood that the COP in the above formula (3) to formula (6) is j and H j Although the signs are the same, they represent the relevant values ​​in different time periods, so the specific values ​​may be different.

[0116] In some embodiments of the present invention, a specific evaluation process of thermal management energy consumption is given. The thermal management energy consumption coefficient itself is an evaluation indicator with a certain time span, but considering the significant impact of the operating mode and ambient temperature on the performance of the thermal management system, a seasonal or annualized thermal management energy consumption coefficient can also be further proposed. The steps are as follows:

[0117] S21, obtaining accurate values ​​of thermal management energy consumption coefficients under different operating modes and ambient temperatures;

[0118] S22, summarizes the actual operational requirements in the application context based on historical climate conditions;

[0119] S23, estimating the comprehensive energy efficiency level of the thermal management system in a specific operation cycle by integration according to the ratio of the operation mode and the ambient temperature.

[0120] In S21, the operation mode is the same as described in S11 above.

[0121] In this step, the specific value of the thermal management energy consumption coefficient ψ under a specific operating mode and ambient temperature is first calculated by formula (3) and formula (4).j .

[0122] In S22, the actual operation requirements in the application context are summarized, specifically, the time length of the actual temperature requirements is summarized according to different seasons, the whole year and the entire vehicle life cycle.

[0123] In S23, the thermal management energy consumption coefficient (ψ c ) and the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the heating season (ψ h ), and evaluate the quarterly energy efficiency performance of the cooling system and heating system respectively:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, ψ j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j Thermal management energy consumption coefficient under ; —Electric energy consumed by the thermal management system, kWh; —Total power of the battery, kWh; ψ h is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season, ψ c is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season, H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; H j The ambient temperature is T j The total number of hours.

[0126] In S23, the specific operation cycle here can be season, annualization or the entire life cycle.

[0127] Furthermore, the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient (ψ a ) Comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the thermal management system throughout the year:

[0128]

[0129] Average thermal management energy consumption coefficient during the life cycle (ψ l ), comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the thermal management system throughout its life cycle from the perspective of energy consumption ratio:

[0130] The time scale of the evaluation indicators can be further expanded to the entire life cycle:

[0131]

[0132] It should be understood that the ψ in the above formulas (7)-(10) is j and H j Although the signs are the same, in the specific calculation, because H jThe time periods represented are different, so the specific values ​​may be different.

[0133] In some implementations of the present invention, the cruising range equivalent rate is used as an evaluation index, as follows:

[0134] The vehicle's cruising range will also be affected under different ambient temperatures and driving conditions, so the cruising range equivalent rate is further used to represent the impact of the thermal management system on the vehicle's cruising range. Similarly, the cruising range equivalent rate itself is an evaluation indicator with a certain time span. Considering the significant impact of the operating mode and ambient temperature on the performance of the thermal management system, the seasonal or annualized thermal management energy consumption coefficient is further proposed. The steps are as follows:

[0135] S31, obtaining accurate values ​​of the cruising range equivalent rate under different operating modes and ambient temperatures;

[0136] S32, summarizes the actual operational requirements in the application context based on historical climate conditions;

[0137] S33, estimating the comprehensive energy efficiency level of the thermal management system in a specific operation cycle by integration according to the ratio of the operation mode and the ambient temperature.

[0138] In S31, the specific operation mode is the same as the operation mode described in S11 above. The exact value of the equivalent rate θ under different operation modes and ambient temperatures can be calculated by the above formula (5): j .

[0139] In S32, the actual operation requirements in the application context are summarized, specifically, the time length of the actual temperature requirements is summarized according to different seasons, the whole year and the entire vehicle life cycle.

[0140] In S33, the specific operation cycle here can be season, annualization or the entire life cycle.

[0141] Cooling season mileage equivalent rate (θ c ) and heating range equivalent rate (θ h ), and evaluate the quarterly range performance of the cooling system and heating system respectively.

[0142]

[0143] Among them, H j is the length of the time period determined above.

[0144] Using the annual average mileage equivalent rate (θ a ), comprehensively evaluate the performance of the thermal management system throughout the year from the perspective of driving range:

[0145]

[0146] Among them, R TMS-o ——Cruise range with thermal management system turned on; R TMS-off ——Cruise range without thermal management system turned on;θ j = mileage equivalent rate at a specific ambient temperature Tj; x = the number of segments between the lowest and highest ambient temperatures experienced during system operation within a specific reference area; H j ——The total number of hours when the ambient temperature is exactly Tj; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; H tot - the total number of hours of use of the thermal management system in a specific area throughout the year;

[0147] The average cruising range equivalent rate (θ l ), comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the thermal management system throughout its life cycle from the perspective of driving range:

[0148] The time scale of the evaluation indicators can be further expanded to the entire life cycle:

[0149]

[0150] Among them, H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

[0151] It should be understood that in S4, due to different vehicles, environments, refrigerants and modes, there is no exact and unified standard for the evaluation indicators, and the actual application process depends on the specific situation.

[0152] In summary, the multi-angle and multi-dimensional evaluation indicators proposed in the present invention can be used to comprehensively evaluate the energy efficiency of a vehicle thermal management system on a specific time scale, and the thermal performance of a specific thermal management system can be intuitively and detailedly clarified. It is also suitable for comparison of thermal management systems of different types of vehicles and different refrigerants, and helps to look forward to the development direction of thermal management systems.

[0153] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method for vehicle integrated thermal management system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, obtaining evaluation index values ​​corresponding to the operating mode and the ambient temperature, wherein the evaluation index includes the vehicle performance coefficient COP, the thermal management energy consumption coefficient and the cruising range equivalent rate; S2, obtaining the temperature requirement of the whole vehicle, where the temperature requirement of the whole vehicle is the time proportion of each temperature value in a certain time period; S3, based on the time period, calculating and obtaining the vehicle performance coefficient COP, thermal management energy consumption coefficient and cruising range equivalent rate within the time period; S4, evaluates the energy efficiency of the thermal management system based on various evaluation indicators.

2. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, the time period is a season, a whole year or a life cycle.

3. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the vehicle performance coefficient COP is a cooling seasonal performance coefficient, a heating seasonal performance coefficient, an annual average seasonal performance coefficient, or a life cycle average seasonal performance coefficient; The calculation formula of the refrigeration seasonal performance coefficient is: The calculation formula of the heating seasonal performance coefficient is: Where x is the number of steps between the lowest and highest ambient temperatures experienced during system operation within a specific reference region; H j ——Ambient temperature is T j Total hours; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; COP C,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The coefficient of performance of the refrigeration system; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; COP H,j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The coefficient of performance of the heating system below; The calculation formula of the annual average seasonal performance coefficient is: Among them, H tot - the total number of hours the thermal management system is used in a specific area throughout the year; The calculation formula of the life cycle average seasonal performance coefficient is: Among them, H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

4. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The vehicle performance coefficient COP also includes the battery seasonal performance coefficient: Among them, COP j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j The performance coefficient of the thermal management system is H a ——The total number of hours with suitable temperature in a specific area.

5. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: When the vehicle is not heated by PTC, COP C,j , COP H,j and COP j The calculation formulas are as follows: in, ——Active cooling or heating capacity of the thermal management system, kW; ——Total energy consumption of thermal management system, kW; ——Refrigeration or heating capacity of refrigerant, kW; ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW; When the vehicle uses PTC heating, COP H,j and COP j The calculation formulas are as follows: in, ——Active cooling or heating capacity of the thermal management system, kW; ——Total energy consumption of thermal management system, kW; ——Refrigeration or heating capacity of refrigerant, kW; ——The heating capacity of the PTC heater is turned on when the refrigerant heating capacity is insufficient, kW; ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of electronic fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW, ——PTC power consumption, kW.

6. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the thermal management energy consumption ratio is the thermal management energy consumption coefficient of the cooling season, the thermal management energy consumption coefficient of the heating season, the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient or the energy consumption coefficient of the whole life cycle; The calculation formula of the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the cooling season is: The calculation formula for the thermal management energy consumption coefficient in the heating season is: The calculation formula for the annual average thermal management energy consumption coefficient is: The calculation formula of the energy consumption coefficient within the whole life cycle is: Among them, ψ j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j Thermal management energy consumption coefficient under ; —Electric energy consumed by the thermal management system, kWh; — total electrical energy of the battery, kWh; x — number of segments between the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced during system operation within a specific reference area; H j ——The ambient temperature is exactly T j Total hours; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; H tot ——The total number of hours of use of the thermal management system in a specific area throughout the year; H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

7. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for the thermal management energy consumption coefficient at a specific ambient temperature is: in, The electrical energy consumed by the thermal management system, kWh; is the electric energy of the whole vehicle, kWh; SOC——the remaining charge percentage of the battery.

8. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for the electrical energy consumed by the thermal management system is: in, ——Compressor power consumption, kW; ——Power consumption of electronic fan, kW; ——Power consumption of blower, kW; ——Power consumption of water pump, kW; ——PTC power consumption, kW.

9. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cruising range equivalent rate is the cruising range equivalent rate in the cooling season, the cruising range equivalent rate in the heating season, the annual average cruising range equivalent rate or the cruising range equivalent rate over the entire life cycle; The calculation formula for the refrigeration season mileage equivalent rate is: The calculation formula for the heating season cruising range equivalent rate is: The calculation formula for the annual average cruising range equivalent rate is: The calculation formula of the life cycle mileage equivalent rate is: Among them, θ j ——At a specific ambient temperature T j = The cruising range equivalent rate under the condition of ; x – the number of segments between the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced during system operation in a specific reference area; H j ——The ambient temperature is exactly T j Total hours; H c ——Total number of cooling hours per year in a specific area; H h ——Total number of heating hours per year in a specific area; H tot ——The total number of hours of use of the thermal management system in a specific area throughout the year; H life ——The total number of hours the thermal management system is used over the life cycle of vehicles in a specific region.

10. The comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation method of the vehicle integrated thermal management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the range equivalent rate at a specific ambient temperature is: Among them, R TMS-on ——Cruise range with thermal management system turned on; R TMS-off ——Cruise range without turning on the thermal management system; SOC——Battery remaining charge percentage.

Images