Geological disaster early warning system and method based on TDR technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological disaster early warning system and method based on a TDR technology, and relates to the field of address disaster early warning, and the system comprises a plurality of coaxial cables which are respectively buried in the soil at different positions of a mountain, and the tail end of each coaxial cable is provided with a probe; the voice module is used for receiving the alarm signal and realizing corresponding voice alarm; the signal receiving and transmitting module is connected with the coaxial cables and used for generating signals and transmitting the signals to the coaxial cables; the signal transceiving module is also used for receiving reflection signals of the coaxial cables and sending the reflection signals to the main control module; the main control module is used for determining that soil displacement occurs at a corresponding position according to spike pulses generated by the reflected signals and is also used for calculating the soil water content according to the propagation time of the signals; and the alarm module is also used for sending an alarm signal to the voice module when geological disasters are predicted according to the soil displacement and the soil water content. According to the invention, the detection precision can be improved, and the early warning precision is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geohazard warning, and specifically to a geological disaster warning system and method based on TDR technology. Background Art

[0002] my country has a vast mountainous area and complex terrain, and geological disasters occur frequently. Among them, landslides are the main form of geological disasters in my country, especially in the southwest, central and southern parts of my country, and some mountainous areas in the northwest and southeast coastal areas. The direct economic losses caused by geological disasters account for more than 20% of the total losses caused by natural disasters each year. The casualties and health, paralysis of social facilities and property losses caused by geological disasters cannot be ignored.

[0003] Landslide refers to the phenomenon that rock and soil slide down along a certain sliding surface under the action of gravity. It is a common geological disaster. Similar to it is debris flow, which is a natural disaster phenomenon caused by a mixture of mud, rock, water and other materials on the hillside sliding down along the valley or river in the form of high-speed flow. Debris flow usually occurs in mountainous areas, especially steep slopes and river valleys.

[0004] Existing technologies mainly rely on traditional geological disaster monitoring methods, such as manual inspections and simple sensor monitoring. These methods often lack real-time and high precision and are unable to effectively predict geological disasters, especially in complex terrains such as mountainous areas. The efficiency and accuracy of manual inspections and sensor identification are low, and they are unable to provide timely and accurate warnings. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a geological disaster early warning system and method based on TDR technology, which can solve the technical problems of low efficiency and accuracy in identifying geological disasters in the prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology, the geological disaster early warning system comprising:

[0007] A plurality of coaxial cables are respectively buried in the soil at different positions of the mountain, and probes are installed at the ends of the coaxial cables;

[0008] A voice module, which is used to receive alarm signals and implement corresponding voice alarms;

[0009] A signal transceiver module, which is connected to each coaxial cable respectively and is used to generate a signal and transmit it to each coaxial cable; the signal transceiver module is also used to receive the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and send it to the main control module;

[0010] The main control module is used to determine the soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; it is also used to send an alarm signal to the voice module when a geological disaster is predicted based on the soil displacement and the soil moisture content.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the geological disaster early warning system further includes:

[0012] A signal amplifying circuit, used to amplify the reflected signal received by the signal transceiver module;

[0013] The ADC chip is used to realize analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified transmission signal, and the converted digital signal is sent to the main control module.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the geological disaster early warning system further includes:

[0015] A touch screen is connected to the main control module and is used to realize human-computer interaction between the system and the user, and is also used to display local weather and soil conditions, wherein the soil conditions include soil water content and soil displacement.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the geological disaster early warning system further includes:

[0017] The WIFI module communicates with the main control module through the serial port. The WIFI module is used to transmit the alarm information corresponding to the alarm signal to the network platform, to realize the online maintenance and update of the system, and to obtain the local weather from the network and send it to the main control module as a reference for judging the occurrence of geological disasters.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the main control module uses an STM32 chip, and the signal transceiver module is an integrated DDS chip.

[0019] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the main control module calculates the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the reflected signal, including:

[0020] The main control module calculates the signal propagation speed according to the signal propagation time, calculates the soil dielectric constant ε according to the signal propagation speed, and calculates the soil volume moisture content θ according to the following formula v :

[0021] θ v =-5.3×10 -2 +2.92×10 -2 ε -5.5 ×10 -4 ε 2 +4.3×10 -6ε 3 .

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application embodiment provides an early warning method for a geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to any one of the above, comprising the steps of:

[0023] Bury the coaxial cable in the soil at the same position of the mountain;

[0024] The signal transceiver module generates a signal and transmits it to each coaxial cable; receives the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and sends it to the main control module;

[0025] The main control module determines soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; when a geological disaster is predicted according to the soil displacement and the soil moisture content, an alarm signal is sent to the voice module;

[0026] After receiving the alarm signal, the voice module implements the corresponding voice alarm.

[0027] In combination with the second aspect, in one implementation, when a geological disaster is predicted to occur according to soil displacement and soil moisture content, sending an alarm signal to the voice module comprises the steps of:

[0028] S301, the main control module determines whether the reflected signal generates a spike pulse, if so, enters S302; if not, continues to receive the reflected signals of each cable;

[0029] S302, the main control module determines whether the soil moisture content reaches the preset moisture content threshold, if so, enter S303; if not, enter S304;

[0030] S303, the main control module sends a debris flow alarm signal to the voice module;

[0031] S304: The main control module sends a landslide alarm signal to the voice module.

[0032] In combination with the second aspect, in one implementation, the signal transceiver module has a maximum operating clock of 500 MHz, outputs a 200 MHz sinusoidal signal, and has adjustable signal frequency and amplitude.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, burying the coaxial cable in the soil at the same position of the mountain specifically includes:

[0034] Drill a hole at the mountain where inspection is required, lay a coaxial cable in the hole, and fill mortar around the coaxial cable.

[0035] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application include:

[0036] By burying multiple coaxial cables in the soil at different positions of the mountain, and transmitting signals to each coaxial cable, when the rock mass at the cable moves, causing the coaxial cable to deform, the reflected signal will produce a spike pulse and judge the soil displacement at the corresponding position; in addition, the main control module can calculate the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal, and the disaster prediction and alarm can be realized through soil displacement and soil moisture content. The structure of the system of this application is simple and easy to implement; it can timely discover signs that may cause geological disasters and predict the occurrence of disasters in advance. Compared with manual inspections and sensor identification, it can improve the accuracy of detection and thus improve the accuracy of early warning. Furthermore, the system can be proofread with the local standard time to ensure that the early warning time is accurate and timely. The alarm of the geological disaster early warning system can help the government, rescue agencies and the public to respond in time, take necessary risk avoidance and rescue measures, and effectively reduce casualties and losses caused by disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of coaxial cable when the landslide is applied for this application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the reflection signal and the landslide in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] First, some technical terms in the present application are explained to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present application.

[0042] TDR: Time Domain Reflectometry, is a remote electronic measurement technology. It was first used in the power and communications industries to determine the faults and breaks of communication cables and transmission lines. TDR is a dielectric measurement method for measuring soil moisture content. In addition, when the soil is displaced, the coaxial cable will be deformed, and the reflected signal will also change. Based on the changed signal, the location and degree of soil displacement can be determined.

[0043] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology.

[0045] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an embodiment of the geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology in this application. Figure 1 As shown, the geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology includes a voice module, a signal transceiver module, a main control module and multiple coaxial cables. The multiple coaxial cables are buried in the soil at different positions of the mountain, and probes are installed at the ends of the coaxial cables.

[0046] In addition, the voice module is used to receive the alarm signal and realize the corresponding voice alarm. The signal transceiver module is connected to each coaxial cable respectively to generate a signal to transmit to each coaxial cable; the signal transceiver module is also used to receive the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and send it to the main control module.

[0047] The main control module is used to determine the soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; it is also used to send an alarm signal to the voice module when a geological disaster is predicted based on the soil displacement and the soil moisture content.

[0048] In this embodiment, disaster prediction and warning can be achieved through soil displacement and soil moisture content. Signs that may cause geological disasters can be discovered in time, and the occurrence of disasters can be predicted in advance. Compared with manual inspection and sensor identification, the accuracy of detection can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of early warning; solving the technical problems of low efficiency and accuracy in identifying geological disasters in the prior art.

[0049] In this embodiment, the main control module can use an STM32 chip, specifically the STM32H743IIT6, which provides three ADCs, two DACs, two ultra-low power comparators, a low-power RTC, a high-resolution timer, 12 general-purpose 16-bit timers, two PWM timers for motor control, five low-power timers and a true random number generator (RNG).

[0050] The signal transceiver module is made of integrated DDS chip AD9959, which is a DDS device with high integration. The maximum working clock is 500MHz, and it can output 200MHz sinusoidal signal with an accuracy of 0.1Hz. The frequency and amplitude of the output signal can be easily changed through the frequency control word and amplitude control word. The output signal is elliptical filtered to obtain a smooth waveform with the characteristics of low spurious and fast response.

[0051] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the geological disaster early warning system also includes a signal amplification circuit and an ADC chip. The signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the reflected signal received by the signal transceiver module; the ADC chip is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified transmission signal, and the converted digital signal is sent to the main control module. Preferably, the signal amplification circuit uses a directional bridge small signal amplification circuit to amplify the returned signal, making the signal characteristics more obvious, thereby further improving the accuracy.

[0052] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the geological disaster early warning system also includes a touch screen connected to the main control module, which is used to realize human-computer interaction between the system and the user, and is also used to display local weather and soil conditions, the soil conditions include soil water content and soil displacement, and the soil displacement can be calculated based on the reflection signal of the coaxial cable. Preferably, the touch screen is a 5-inch LCD screen, which has the functions of low price and complete functions.

[0053] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the geological disaster early warning system also includes a WIFI module, which mainly uses an ESP8266 chip. ESP8266 is a low-cost, high-performance chip with strong network processing capabilities. The WIFI module communicates with the main control module through a serial port, and is used to transmit the alarm information corresponding to the alarm signal to the network platform, and is also used to realize online maintenance and updating of the system, and is also used to obtain local weather from the network and send it to the main control module as a reference for judging the occurrence of geological disasters, so as to ensure the accuracy of the prediction.

[0054] The WIFI module communicates with the main control module through the serial port. Only a simple serial interface is needed to realize data transmission between the two modules, and the speed of data transmission can be changed by changing the configuration of the interface. Since serial communication has strong stability, data transmission can be realized within a long transmission distance, and it is not easily affected by external interference and has good stability. Serial communication uses fewer dedicated hardware devices and generally only requires a serial interface board, so the cost is relatively low. As a mature communication method, serial communication has been widely used and supported. Most computers and peripheral devices are equipped with serial ports, so serial communication has good compatibility.

[0055] The voice module selected is CI-03T. You only need to send the instructions in the data sheet to the voice module through the serial port to control the volume, voice output and other functions. The operation is convenient and simple. The alarm function is based on the voice alarm function. The Internet of Things function is realized through ESP8266, which can upload the current alarm to the network, so that even users who are far away from the device can receive the alarm in time.

[0056] The above-mentioned multiple coaxial cables are buried in the soil at different locations of the mountain, including:

[0057] Drill a hole at the mountain that needs to be tested, lay a coaxial cable in the hole, fill mortar around the coaxial cable so that the cable can be tightly combined with the land there, and finally connect the coaxial cable to the signal transceiver module.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, since the coaxial cable is in direct contact with the landslide, it can be regarded as a special sensor. The main control module transmits a signal to the coaxial cable. When the rock mass at the coaxial cable moves, the coaxial cable deforms, which causes the reflected signal to change. The analog quantity obtained is converted by the A / D chip to monitor the displacement of the landslide.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, if the coaxial cable is deformed, its reflected signal will produce a spike pulse. When the local mountain is detected to have signs of landslide, the system will conduct a comprehensive verification with local weather and other factors to infer the probability of natural disasters (mudslides, landslides), thereby completing a more complete early warning.

[0060] Furthermore, the main control module calculates the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the reflected signal, specifically including:

[0061] The main control module calculates the signal propagation speed according to the signal propagation time, calculates the soil dielectric constant ε according to the signal propagation speed, and calculates the soil volume moisture content θ according to the following formula v :

[0062] θ v =-5.3×10 -2 +2.92×10 -2 ε -5.5 ×10 -4 ε 2 +4.3×10 -6 ε 3 .

[0063] The basic principle of measuring soil moisture by time domain reflection method is that the propagation speed of 1GHz electromagnetic pulse on coaxial cable depends on the dielectric properties and loss of its propagation material. When the loss is small, it mainly depends on the real part of the dielectric constant.

[0064] In addition, because factors such as soil quality in different regions cannot be exactly the same, the selection of the coaxial cable can be determined after correction. In the local embodiment, a coaxial cable with an impedance of 50Ω is selected.

[0065] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an early warning method, based on any of the above-mentioned geological disaster early warning systems based on TDR technology, the method comprising the following steps:

[0066] S1: Bury the coaxial cable in the soil at the same position of the mountain.

[0067] S2: The signal transceiver module generates a signal and transmits it to each coaxial cable; receives the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and sends it to the main control module.

[0068] S3: The main control module determines soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; when a geological disaster is predicted based on the soil displacement and the soil moisture content, an alarm signal is sent to the voice module.

[0069] S4: After receiving the alarm signal, the voice module implements the corresponding voice alarm.

[0070] Furthermore, in the above step S3, after determining the soil displacement and calculating the soil moisture content, when a geological disaster is predicted to occur according to the soil displacement and the soil moisture content, an alarm signal is sent to the voice module, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0071] S301, the main control module determines whether the reflected signal generates a spike pulse, if so, enters S302; if not, turns to S2 and continues to receive the reflected signals of each cable.

[0072] S302, the main control module determines whether the soil moisture content reaches a preset moisture content threshold, if so, enters S303; if not, enters S304.

[0073] S303, the main control module sends a debris flow alarm signal to the voice module and enters S4.

[0074] S304, the main control module sends a landslide alarm signal to the voice module and enters S4.

[0075] It should be noted that the serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0076] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The terms "first", "second" and "third" are used to distinguish different objects, etc., and do not represent a sequence, nor do they limit "first", "second" and "third" to different types.

[0077] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0078] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, “ / ” means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; the “and / or” in the text is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, “multiple” refers to two or more than two.

[0079] In some processes described in the embodiments of the present application, multiple operations or steps that appear in a specific order are included, but it should be understood that these operations or steps may not be executed in the order in which they appear in the embodiments of the present application or in parallel, and the sequence number of the operation is only used to distinguish the different operations, and the sequence number itself does not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps may be executed in sequence or in parallel, and these operations or steps may be combined.

[0080] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, disk, CD) as described above, and includes a number of instructions for a terminal device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0081] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology, characterized in that: The geological disaster early warning system comprises: A plurality of coaxial cables are respectively buried in the soil at different positions of the mountain, and probes are installed at the ends of the coaxial cables; A voice module, which is used to receive alarm signals and implement corresponding voice alarms; A signal transceiver module, which is connected to each coaxial cable respectively and is used to generate a signal and transmit it to each coaxial cable; the signal transceiver module is also used to receive the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and send it to the main control module; The main control module is used to determine the soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate the soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; it is also used to send an alarm signal to the voice module when a geological disaster is predicted based on the soil displacement and the soil moisture content.

2. The geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological disaster early warning system also includes: A signal amplifying circuit, used to amplify the reflected signal received by the signal transceiver module; The ADC chip is used to realize analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified transmission signal, and the converted digital signal is sent to the main control module.

3. The geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological disaster early warning system also includes: A touch screen is connected to the main control module and is used to realize human-computer interaction between the system and the user, and is also used to display local weather and soil conditions, wherein the soil conditions include soil water content and soil displacement.

4. The geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological disaster early warning system also includes: The WIFI module communicates with the main control module through the serial port. The WIFI module is used to transmit the alarm information corresponding to the alarm signal to the network platform, to realize the online maintenance and update of the system, and to obtain the local weather from the network and send it to the main control module as a reference for judging the occurrence of geological disasters.

5. The geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module adopts STM32 chip, and the signal transceiver module is an integrated DDS chip.

6. The geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module calculates the soil moisture content based on the propagation time of the reflected signal, including: The main control module calculates the signal propagation speed according to the signal propagation time, calculates the soil dielectric constant ε according to the signal propagation speed, and calculates the soil volume moisture content θ according to the following formula v : i v =-5.3×10 -2 +2.92×10 -2 e -5.5 ×10 -4 e 2 +4.3×10 -6 e 3 。 7. An early warning method for a geological disaster early warning system based on TDR technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Includes steps: Bury the coaxial cable in the soil at the same position of the mountain; The signal transceiver module generates a signal and transmits it to each coaxial cable; receives the reflected signal of each coaxial cable and sends it to the main control module; The main control module determines soil displacement at the corresponding position according to the peak pulse generated by the reflected signal, and is also used to calculate soil moisture content according to the propagation time of the signal; when a geological disaster is predicted according to the soil displacement and the soil moisture content, an alarm signal is sent to the voice module; After receiving the alarm signal, the voice module implements the corresponding voice alarm.

8. The early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When a geological disaster is predicted to occur according to soil displacement and soil moisture content, sending an alarm signal to the voice module comprises the steps of: S301, the main control module determines whether the reflected signal generates a spike pulse, if so, enters S302; if not, continues to receive the reflected signals of each cable; S302, the main control module determines whether the soil moisture content reaches the preset moisture content threshold, if so, enter S303; if not, enter S304; S303, the main control module sends a debris flow alarm signal to the voice module; S304: The main control module sends a landslide alarm signal to the voice module.

9. The early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The signal transceiver module has a maximum operating clock of 500 MHz, outputs a 200 MHz sinusoidal signal, and the signal frequency and amplitude are adjustable.

10. The early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of burying the coaxial cable in the soil at the same position of the mountain specifically includes: Drill a hole at the mountain where inspection is required, lay a coaxial cable in the hole, and fill mortar around the coaxial cable.

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