Gap waveguide antenna and preparation method thereof, radar and equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a gap waveguide antenna, a preparation method thereof, a radar and equipment. The gap waveguide antenna comprises a cover plate; a bottom plate; the pin groups are arranged between the cover plate and the bottom plate; the pin group comprises an upper-layer pin connected with the cover plate and a lower-layer pin connected with the bottom plate; the space defined by the pin sets, the cover plate and the bottom plate forms a gap waveguide, the gap waveguide is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves, and compared with a traditional mode that only high pins are arranged on the bottom plate, the height of the upper-layer pins and the height of the lower-layer pins can be reduced, the machining precision is easier to control, and therefore the machining difficulty of the gap waveguide antenna is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved. And large-scale mass production of the antenna is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of radar antenna technology, and in particular to a gap waveguide antenna and a preparation method thereof, a radar, and equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the development of intelligent driving technology is in full swing. Among them, millimeter wave radar, as one of the important sensors of automobiles, is an indispensable part of intelligent driving technology. Antenna is an important component of millimeter wave radar, and its performance directly determines the signal quality of the entire communication system.

[0003] At present, the gap waveguide antenna is a type of antenna, and there is a problem of great difficulty in processing the gap waveguide antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a gap waveguide antenna and a preparation method thereof, a radar and an apparatus, by dividing a traditional single pin structure into two parts, an upper pin and a lower pin, thereby reducing the height of the pin and reducing the difficulty of processing the gap waveguide antenna.

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a gap waveguide antenna, comprising:

[0007] Cover plate;

[0008] Base plate;

[0009] A plurality of pin groups are provided between the cover plate and the base plate; the pin groups include upper pins connected to the cover plate and lower pins connected to the base plate; a space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups, the cover plate and the base plate forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the upper layer of pins and the lower layer of pins in the pin group are aligned in the vertical direction.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the sum of the height of the upper layer pins and the height of the lower layer pins is related to the wavelength; the wavelength refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in free space.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, the sum of the heights of the upper layer pins and the lower layer pins is the product of the wavelength and a preset ratio.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the preset ratio is one quarter.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, there is a gap between the upper layer pins and the lower layer pins.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the gap is less than 0.1 mm.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the gap is equal to 0.1 mm.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner, it also includes: a waveguide ridge.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, the waveguide ridge is arranged on a side of the bottom plate facing the cover plate.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner, there are multiple pin groups on each side of the waveguide ridge.

[0020] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of pin groups on each side of the waveguide ridge are evenly arranged.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the plurality of pin groups are arranged into M columns, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0022] In one possible implementation, M is equal to 2.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, each column includes a plurality of pin groups, and the pin groups in each column are arranged along an extension direction of the waveguide ridge.

[0024] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of short-circuit pin groups are further disposed at one end of the waveguide ridge.

[0025] In a possible implementation manner, the short-circuit pin group includes an upper layer of short-circuit pins connected to the cover plate.

[0026] In a possible implementation manner, the short-circuit pin group includes a lower layer of short-circuit pins connected to the bottom plate.

[0027] In a possible implementation manner, the electromagnetic waves transmitted along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge are reflected after being transmitted to the plurality of short-circuit pin groups.

[0028] In a possible implementation manner, the short-circuit pin groups are arranged in N columns, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0029] In one possible implementation, N is equal to 2.

[0030] In a possible implementation manner, each column includes a plurality of short-circuit pin groups, and the short-circuit pin groups in each column are arranged along an extension direction perpendicular to the waveguide ridge.

[0031] In a possible implementation manner, a height of the upper layer pins is the same as a height of the upper layer short-circuit pins.

[0032] In a possible implementation manner, a height of the lower layer pins is the same as a height of the lower layer short-circuit pins.

[0033] In a possible implementation manner, a height of the lower layer pins is the same as a height of the waveguide ridge.

[0034] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of slits are formed on the cover plate.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the plurality of slits are alternately distributed on both sides of a central axis of the cover plate.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the number of the slots is L, L is an even number, and the mth slot is centrally symmetric to the L-m+1th slot.

[0037] In a possible implementation manner, the two centrally symmetrical gaps have the same size.

[0038] In a possible implementation manner, the direction of the central axis is parallel to the extension direction of the waveguide ridge.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the interval between adjacent slots is half the wavelength.

[0040] In a possible implementation manner, the distance between at least one slot and the upper short-circuit pin is three quarters of a wavelength.

[0041] In a possible implementation manner, the gap that is three quarters of the wavelength away from the upper short-circuit pin is the gap closest to the upper short-circuit pin.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the current amplitude distribution of the plurality of slots is Taylor distribution.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the current amplitude distribution of the plurality of slots is a Chebyshev distribution.

[0044] In a possible implementation manner, a groove is provided on the top of the cover plate.

[0045] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of gaps are located at the bottom of the slot.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the slot has a length of 18.23 mm, a width of 2.7 mm, and a height of 0.8 mm.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the cover plate, the bottom plate, the pin group and the short-circuit pin group are all made by an injection molding metallization process.

[0048] In a possible implementation manner, the other end of the waveguide ridge is connected to a lower-layer feeding network.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the lower layer feeding network is used to receive and transmit high frequency signals from the chip.

[0050] In a possible implementation, when the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium- and long-range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge is connected to the output port of a waveguide power divider, and the input port of the waveguide power divider is connected to the lower-layer feeding network.

[0051] In a possible implementation, when the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium and long range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge is connected to one end of the lower layer feeding network, and the other end of the lower layer feeding network is connected to the output port of the waveguide power divider.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the lower layer feeding network is connected to an external port of a chip that generates the high frequency signal through a standard rectangular waveguide port WR10.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the external port is a cavity structure waveguide transmitter based on a PCB form.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the external port is a waveguide transmitter using LoP.

[0055] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a gap waveguide antenna, comprising:

[0056] forming a cover plate and a plurality of upper pins on the cover plate;

[0057] forming a bottom plate and a plurality of lower pins on the bottom plate;

[0058] Fixing the cover plate and the bottom plate;

[0059] The upper layer pins and the lower layer pins form a pin group, and the space enclosed by the multiple pin groups, the cover plate and the bottom plate forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0060] In a possible implementation, forming a cover plate and a plurality of upper pins on the cover plate includes:

[0061] The cover plate and a plurality of upper pins on the cover plate are formed in an integrally formed manner.

[0062] In a possible implementation, forming a bottom plate and a plurality of lower-layer pins on the bottom plate includes:

[0063] The bottom plate and a plurality of lower-layer pins on the bottom plate are formed in an integrally formed manner.

[0064] In a possible implementation, fixing the cover plate and the bottom plate includes:

[0065] The cover plate and the bottom plate are fixed by welding.

[0066] In a possible implementation, fixing the cover plate and the bottom plate includes:

[0067] The cover plate and the bottom plate are fixed by bolts.

[0068] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a radar, comprising the gap waveguide antenna described in any one of the first aspects.

[0069] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a device, comprising the gap waveguide antenna described in any one of the first aspects.

[0070] The embodiments of the present application provide a gap waveguide antenna and a preparation method thereof, a radar and equipment, wherein the gap waveguide antenna comprises: a cover plate; a base plate; a plurality of pin groups between the cover plate and the base plate; the pin groups comprise an upper layer of pins connected to the cover plate and a lower layer of pins connected to the base plate; the space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups, the cover plate and the base plate forms a gap waveguide, and the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Compared with the conventional method of only setting higher pins on the base plate, the height of the upper layer of pins and the lower layer of pins can be reduced, and the processing accuracy can be more easily controlled, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the gap waveguide antenna and realizing large-scale mass production of the antenna.

[0071] In addition to the technical problems solved by the embodiments of the present application described above, the technical features that constitute the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions, other technical problems that can be solved by the gap waveguide antenna and its preparation method, radar and equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by these technical features will be further described in detail in the specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 2 An overall side view of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a half-height pin EBG unit provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 4 A top view of a cover plate of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 5 A top view of a bottom plate of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Figure 6 A reflection coefficient result diagram of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 7 A graph showing achievable gain results of a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 8 The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 77 GHz;

[0081] Fig. 9 A process flow chart of a method for preparing a gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0082] Description of reference numerals:

[0083] 100: cover plate; 101: gap; 102: slot;

[0084] 200: bottom plate;

[0085] 300: waveguide ridge;

[0086] 400: pin group; 401: upper pin; 402: lower pin;

[0087] 500: short-circuit pin group; 501: upper short-circuit pin; 502: lower short-circuit pin;

[0088] 600: Ridge gap waveguide.

[0089] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0091] Compared with series-fed antennas, comb antennas, and slot antennas based on SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology, waveguide antennas have smaller transmission losses and better performance. The layers of the traditional rectangular waveguide antenna structure need to be tightly connected, otherwise it will cause serious leakage of electromagnetic waves, which is particularly obvious in the millimeter wave band.

[0092] The gap waveguide antenna based on the pin-type EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure does not require close connection between layers and allows the existence of air assembly gaps. It is the first choice for large-scale production of antennas in the field of vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar. The gap waveguide antenna has the following advantages: First, it does not need to be directly integrated with the PCB (Printed Circuit Board), and can be processed and tested as an independent device, which is convenient for debugging the performance of the antenna separately; for chips using LoP (Launch On Package) technology, the expensive cost of high-frequency dielectric substrates can be directly saved; second, the waveguide antenna itself has better performance, such as broadband, high gain, low loss, high cross-polarization ratio and high radiation efficiency, etc. The feed network can be laid out in the 3D direction, which is more free in design; third, the gap waveguide antenna is generally made by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining process, which can ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness of the antenna, and the metal surface area is large, which has better heat dissipation capacity.

[0093] The existing pin-type EBG structure gap waveguide antenna needs to use pins to suppress the propagation of electromagnetic waves in unwanted directions. In order to achieve the suppression of electromagnetic propagation, there are certain requirements for the height of the pins. At the same time, the number of pins is large, and the height of the pins is too high, which will increase the difficulty of large-scale processing and production of gap waveguide antennas. Therefore, it has not been possible to carry out large-scale mass production for practical applications, so only microstrip antennas with high costs and large dielectric losses can be selected.

[0094] In response to the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a gap waveguide antenna and a preparation method thereof, a radar and an equipment. The gap waveguide antenna divides the traditional single pin structure into an upper pin arranged on the cover plate and a lower pin arranged on the bottom plate. Compared with the traditional pin structure, the height of a single pin is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the antenna and can be applied to the field of millimeter wave antennas.

[0095] When the height of the pin is reduced, the processing difficulty can be reduced because: when making a gap waveguide antenna, there will be a certain error rate. When the height of the pin is high, the error is large. If a certain accuracy is desired, the processing difficulty will increase. When the height of the pin is low, the error is small. If the same accuracy is desired, the processing difficulty will be reduced.

[0096] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of this application.

[0097] The present application embodiment provides a gap waveguide antenna, please refer to the attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 5 , the gap waveguide antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application includes:

[0098] Cover plate 100;

[0099] Bottom plate 200;

[0100] A plurality of pin groups 400 are provided between the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200; the pin groups 400 include upper pins 401 connected to the cover plate 100 and lower pins 402 connected to the base plate 200; a space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups 400, the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0101] The cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200 can be used as supporting components of the gap waveguide antenna to support other components arranged thereon. The cover plate 100 can also be called a cover plate radiation layer, which can be located on the top or outside of the gap waveguide antenna to protect the internal antenna elements and radiate electromagnetic waves outward. The bottom plate 200 is located directly below the cover plate 100.

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown, illustratively, the outer dimensions of the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 are consistent, which may be 25 mm*8 mm*1.55 mm.

[0103] The space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups 400 , the cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200 forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0104] When the pin structure is divided into the upper pin 401 and the lower pin 402, the processing difficulty can be reduced. On the one hand, it is easier to make a shorter pin than to make a longer pin. On the other hand, when the error rate when making the pin is fixed, the error is smaller when making a shorter pin than when making a longer pin. Therefore, when making a longer pin, more complex processing is required to reduce the error. Therefore, by dividing the pin structure into the upper pin 401 and the lower pin 402, the processing difficulty can be reduced.

[0105] In a possible implementation, it further includes: a waveguide ridge (300). Figure 1 As shown, a waveguide ridge 300 may be provided on the bottom plate 200 , and the waveguide ridge 300 may reduce the cutoff frequency and characteristic impedance of the gap waveguide antenna, which is beneficial to realize the miniaturized design of the antenna structure.

[0106] In a possible implementation, the waveguide ridge 300 is disposed on a side of the base plate 200 facing the cover plate 100 .

[0107] In a possible implementation, the waveguide ridge 300 may be disposed on the central axis of the bottom plate 200, and a plurality of pin groups 400 may be disposed on both sides of the waveguide ridge 300. Among them, an upper layer pin 401 disposed on the cover plate 100 and a lower layer pin 402 disposed on the bottom plate 200 may constitute a pin group 400. Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of pin groups 400 are arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge 300. The height of the upper layer pins 401 and the lower layer pins 402 can be about half of the height of the traditional pin structure, so the pin structure in this application can be called a half-height pin structure.

[0108] When a waveguide ridge 300 is provided, a ridge gap waveguide 600 can be formed in the space surrounded by the waveguide ridge 300, a plurality of pin groups 400, the cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200, and the formed antenna is a ridge gap waveguide antenna.

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, the EBG unit structure is composed of a cover plate 31, an upper layer pin 32, a lower layer pin 32 and a bottom plate 34, wherein the cover plate 31 corresponds to Figure 1 The cover plate 100 of the mid-gap waveguide antenna and the bottom plate 34 correspond to Figure 1 The bottom plate 200 of the mid-gap waveguide antenna, the upper pin 32 corresponds to Figure 1The upper pin 401 and the lower pin 32 correspond to Figure 1 The lower pin 402 in the EBG structure can form a high impedance characteristic within a specific frequency range, thereby blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves.

[0110] Optionally, the upper layer and the lower layer here refer to the half-height EBG structure, and do not represent the positions of the pins in the cover plate 100 or the base plate 200 .

[0111] The gap waveguide antenna in this embodiment includes: a cover plate 100; a base plate 200; a plurality of pin groups 400 between the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200; the pin groups 400 include upper pins 401 connected to the cover plate 100 and lower pins 402 connected to the base plate 200; the space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups 400, the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 forms a gap waveguide, and the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Compared with the conventional method of only setting a higher pin on the base plate 200, the height of the upper pin 401 and the lower pin 402 can be reduced, and the processing accuracy can be more easily controlled, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the gap waveguide antenna to achieve large-scale mass production of the antenna.

[0112] In a possible implementation, the upper layer pins 401 and the lower layer pins 402 in the pin group 400 are aligned in the vertical direction, so that the leakage of electromagnetic waves can be reduced.

[0113] In a possible implementation, the sum of the height of the upper layer pins 401 and the height of the lower layer pins 402 is related to the wavelength; the wavelength refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the free space.

[0114] The sum of the height of the upper pin 401 and the height of the lower pin 402 may be the height of a conventional pin structure. Specifically, the sum of the height of the upper pin 401 and the height of the lower pin 402 is related to the wavelength, that is, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Optionally, the wavelength may refer to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in free space.

[0115] Exemplarily, when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 77 GHz, the wavelength corresponding to the electromagnetic wave can be determined, thereby determining the sum of the heights of the upper layer pins 401 and the lower layer pins 402 .

[0116] like Figure 1 As shown, 600 is a ridge gap waveguide, and the gap between the waveguide ridge 300 and the pin group 400 can be used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals in the millimeter wave band. Optionally, the cross-sectional size of the ridge gap waveguide 600 is 2.2mm*1.2mm, or it can be adjusted within a certain range of the size.

[0117] In this way, the sum of the heights of the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 is set to better transmit electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band.

[0118] In a possible implementation, the sum of the heights of the upper layer pins 401 and the lower layer pins 402 is the product of the wavelength and a preset ratio.

[0119] In a possible implementation manner, the preset ratio is one quarter.

[0120] Through the above design, specific electromagnetic characteristics can be achieved. For example, when a quarter of the wavelength is 1.1 mm, the heights of the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 can be set to be the same, 0.55 respectively; or, the heights of the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 can also be set to be different, one way can be: the height of the upper pins 401 is slightly higher, and the height of the lower pins 402 is slightly lower; for example, the height of the upper pins 401 is 0.6 mm, and the height of the lower pins 402 is 0.5 mm; another way is: the height of the upper pins 401 is slightly lower, and the height of the lower pins 402 is slightly higher; for example, the height of the upper pins 401 is 0.5 mm, and the height of the lower pins 402 is 0.6 mm.

[0121] Preferably, the heights of the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 are the same, both being half of a quarter wavelength, so that the heights of the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 are not too high, facilitating integrated processing with the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 respectively.

[0122] In a possible implementation, there is a gap between the upper layer pins 401 and the lower layer pins 402. In a possible implementation, the gap is less than 0.1 mm. In a possible implementation, the gap is equal to 0.1 mm.

[0123] The existence of the gap may make it unnecessary for the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 to be tightly connected, that is, the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 do not need to be tightly connected, so it can still be called a ridge gap waveguide.

[0124] Optionally, in order to reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves, the size of the gap may be less than or equal to 0.1 mm. Optionally, the gap is an installation air gap.

[0125] In a possible implementation, there are multiple pin groups 400 on each side of the waveguide ridge 300. In a possible implementation, the multiple pin groups 400 on each side of the waveguide ridge 300 are evenly arranged.

[0126] like Figure 1As shown, there are multiple pin groups 400, and multiple pin groups 400 are respectively arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge 300, that is, multiple lower layer pins 402 are arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge 300 on the base plate 200, and upper layer pins 401 are arranged on the cover plate 100 at positions corresponding to the lower layer pins 402, so that when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted along the gaps on both sides of the waveguide ridge 300 toward the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300, the leakage of electromagnetic waves to other directions can be blocked.

[0127] Optionally, the arrangement of each pin group 400 is uniform arrangement, or, called periodic arrangement. That is, each upper layer pin 401 is uniformly arranged, and each lower layer pin 402 is uniformly arranged. Optionally, the spacing between the upper layer pins 401 is 0.8mm (that is, the periodic size of the half-height pin EBG structure is 0.8mm), the outer size of the upper layer pins 401 is 0.3mm*0.3mm*0.55mm, and the arrangement of the lower layer pins 402 is the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0128] By setting a plurality of pin groups and arranging them evenly, the outward leakage of electromagnetic waves can be reduced.

[0129] In a possible implementation, the plurality of pin groups 400 are arranged in M ​​columns, where M is a positive integer greater than 1. In a possible implementation, M is equal to 2.

[0130] In a possible implementation, each column includes a plurality of pin groups 400 , and the pin groups 400 in each column are arranged along an extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300 .

[0131] The pin group 400 may be arranged in M ​​rows, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lower layer pins 402 are periodically arranged in a row along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300 , and similarly, the upper layer pins 401 are periodically arranged in a row along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300 , thereby realizing the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300 .

[0132] Preferably, the pin groups 400 can be arranged in 2 rows. If the number of rows of the pin groups 400 is too many, the cost will be high and the size requirements for the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 will be larger. When the number of rows is too many, it will not help much in preventing the leakage of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, setting M to 2 can effectively prevent the leakage of electromagnetic waves.

[0133] like Figure 1 As shown, the upper pins 401 are located at the lower part of the cover plate 100 and are arranged in two rows, and the lower pins 402 are located at the upper part of the base plate 200 and are arranged in two rows, thereby forming a half-height EBG structure.

[0134] By arranging the pin groups 400 into two rows, it is possible to effectively block the leakage of electromagnetic waves while reducing the cost and the size of the antenna.

[0135] In a possible implementation, a plurality of short-circuit pin groups 500 are further provided at one end of the waveguide ridge 300. In a possible implementation, the short-circuit pin group 500 includes an upper layer of short-circuit pins 501 connected to the cover plate 100. In a possible implementation, the short-circuit pin group 500 includes a lower layer of short-circuit pins 502 connected to the bottom plate 200. In a possible implementation, the electromagnetic wave transmitted along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300 is reflected after being transmitted to the plurality of short-circuit pin groups 500.

[0136] like Figure 1 As shown, an upper short-circuit pin 501 is further provided on the cover plate 100, and a lower short-circuit pin 502 is further provided on the bottom plate 200, and the upper short-circuit pin 501 and the lower short-circuit pin 502 are aligned in the vertical direction. Figure 1 As shown, the short-circuit pin group 500 is disposed at one end of the waveguide ridge 300. Specifically, the short-circuit pin group 500 is disposed at the end of the ridge gap waveguide 600, and can serve as the short-circuit end of the ridge gap waveguide 600. When the electromagnetic wave is transmitted along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300, when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the short-circuit pin group, the leakage of the electromagnetic wave is avoided, so that the electromagnetic wave can return along the original path, so that a standing wave distribution of the electromagnetic wave can be formed inside the ridge gap waveguide 600.

[0137] Optionally, the sum of the heights of the upper short-circuit pins 501 and the lower short-circuit pins 502 in a short-circuit pin group 500 is related to the wavelength and may be a quarter of the wavelength.

[0138] Exemplarily, the height and width of the waveguide ridge 300 are 0.55 mm and 0.4 mm respectively, and its height can be consistent with the height of the lower layer pins 402 to facilitate the processing of the bottom plate 200. The waveguide ridge 300 extends all the way to the position of the lower layer short-circuit pins 502.

[0139] By providing the short-circuit pin group 500 , a standing wave distribution of electromagnetic waves can be formed inside the ridge gap waveguide 600 .

[0140] In a possible implementation, the short-circuit pin groups 500 are arranged in N columns, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. In a possible implementation, N is equal to 2.

[0141] The short-circuit pin groups 500 may be arranged in N columns, and each short-circuit pin group 500 is evenly arranged, or is called a periodic arrangement, specifically: each upper layer short-circuit pin 501 is evenly arranged on the cover plate 100 , and each lower layer short-circuit pin 502 is evenly arranged on the bottom plate 200 .

[0142] The short-circuit pin groups 500 may be arranged in N columns. In a possible implementation, each column includes a plurality of short-circuit pin groups 500 , and the short-circuit pin groups 500 in each column are arranged along an extension direction perpendicular to the waveguide ridge 300 .

[0143] like Figure 1 As shown, each upper short-circuit pin 501 in each column is evenly arranged along the extension direction perpendicular to the waveguide ridge 300. Similarly, each lower short-circuit pin 502 in each column is evenly arranged along the extension direction perpendicular to the waveguide ridge 300, so that when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the end of the ridge gap waveguide 600, the electromagnetic wave can be blocked from continuing to transmit forward. Optionally, the spacing between adjacent upper short-circuit pins 501, or the spacing between adjacent lower short-circuit pins 502 is 0.8 mm.

[0144] Preferably, the short-circuit pin groups 500 are arranged in two rows, so as to effectively block the leakage of electromagnetic waves while reducing the cost and the size of the antenna.

[0145] In a possible implementation, the height of the upper layer pin 401 is the same as the height of the upper layer short-circuit pin 501. In a possible implementation, the height of the lower layer pin 402 is the same as the height of the lower layer short-circuit pin 502. In a possible implementation, the height of the lower layer pin 402 is the same as the height of the waveguide ridge 300.

[0146] Optionally, since the upper pin 401 and the upper short-circuit pin 501 are provided on the cover plate 100, in order to facilitate integrated processing, the height of the upper pin 401 can be set to be consistent with the height of the upper short-circuit pin 501. Exemplarily, the height of the upper pin 401 and the upper short-circuit pin 501 are both 0.55 mm.

[0147] Optionally, since the lower pins 402 and the lower short-circuit pins 502 are provided on the bottom plate 200, the lower pins 402 and the lower short-circuit pins 502 may be provided to have the same height for the convenience of integrated processing. Exemplarily, the heights of the lower pins 402 and the lower short-circuit pins 502 are both 0.55 mm.

[0148] In addition, a waveguide ridge 300 is also provided on the bottom plate 200. In order to facilitate integrated processing, the height of the waveguide ridge 300 can be set to be the same as the height of the lower pin 402. In other words, the height of the waveguide ridge 300 can be set to be the same as the height of the lower pin 402 and the lower short-circuit pin 502.

[0149] Optionally, the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 do not necessarily have the same height, the upper short-circuit pins 501 and the lower short-circuit pins 502 do not necessarily have the same height, and the upper pins 401, the upper short-circuit pins 501 and the waveguide ridge 300 do not necessarily have the same height.

[0150] By setting the heights of the pins on the cover plate 100 to be the same, or setting the heights of the pins on the base plate 200 to be the same as the waveguide ridge 300, integrated processing can be facilitated, the processing difficulty can be effectively reduced, and the design freedom can be improved.

[0151] In a possible implementation, the cover plate 100 is provided with a plurality of slits 101. In a possible implementation, the plurality of slits 101 are alternately distributed on both sides of the central axis of the cover plate 100. In a possible implementation, the direction of the central axis is parallel to the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 300.

[0152] The gap waveguide antenna is a structure in which a gap 101 is provided on the waveguide wall, thereby cutting off the outward radiation of the surface current. Optionally, the gap 101 can be provided on the cover plate 100, that is, on the radiation layer of the cover plate.

[0153] Optionally, the shape of the gap 101 may be a rectangular gap. The gap 101 may be arranged in the middle of the cover plate 100 and directly contact the external space.

[0154] The gap 101 may be located on both sides of the central axis of the cover plate 100 , so that a symmetrical radiation pattern may be achieved, which may be suitable for application scenarios requiring uniform coverage.

[0155] In a possible implementation, the number of the slots 101 is L, L is an even number, and the mth slot 101 is centrosymmetric to the L-m+1th slot 101. In a possible implementation, the two centrosymmetric slots 101 have the same size.

[0156] Exemplarily, the number of the gaps 101 may be 6. Here, 6 gaps are taken as an example to illustrate the setting positions of the gaps. The present application does not limit the number of gaps.

[0157] The six slots are centrally symmetrical about the middle position. Among the six slots from left to right, the first slot is centrally symmetrical with the sixth slot, the second slot is centrally symmetrical with the fifth slot, and the third slot is centrally symmetrical with the fourth slot. The two centrally symmetrical slots have the same size and the same offset from the central axis. Exemplarily, the offset and resonant length of the first slot, the second slot, and the third slot from the central axis are 0.15mm, 1.93mm; 0.22mm, 1.95mm and 0.28mm, 1.97mm, respectively. The difference in slot offset and resonant length is to adjust the low sidelobe characteristics of the antenna radiation pattern and the matching at the port. The above dimensions can be adjusted appropriately.

[0158] In a possible implementation, the spacing between adjacent slots 101 is half a wavelength. In a possible implementation, the distance between at least one slot 101 and the upper short-circuit pin 501 is three quarters of a wavelength. In a possible implementation, the slot that is three quarters of a wavelength away from the upper short-circuit pin 501 is the slot 101 closest to the upper short-circuit pin 501.

[0159] When electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the ridge gap waveguide 600, the electric field strength generated at different positions is different, and the position where the slot 101 is opened is the position where the electric field strength is larger. By setting the distance between the center position of the target slot and the upper short-circuit pin 501 to three quarters of a wavelength, the target slot is the slot 101 closest to the upper short-circuit pin 501, and setting the spacing between adjacent slots to half a wavelength, it can be ensured that each slot is opened at the position with the maximum electric field strength.

[0160] Exemplarily, the thickness of the slot 101 is 0.2 mm. The spacing between adjacent slots is 2.7 mm. A standing wave distribution of electromagnetic waves can be formed in the ridge gap waveguide 600. By opening the slot 101 at a position where the field strength of the standing wave distribution is relatively high, the electromagnetic energy can be radiated to the maximum extent, that is, the distance between the center point of the rightmost slot and the upper short-circuit pin 501 is three quarters of a wavelength, which can be 3.35 mm.

[0161] By setting the distance between adjacent slots and the distance between the target slot and the upper short-circuit pin, the electromagnetic energy can be radiated to the maximum extent, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

[0162] In a possible implementation, the current amplitude distribution of the plurality of slots 101 is Taylor distribution. In a possible implementation, the current amplitude distribution of the plurality of slots 101 is Chebyshev distribution.

[0163] For multiple slots 101, the current amplitude radiated from each slot 101 is different, and the current amplitude distribution radiated from each slot 101 conforms to the Taylor distribution or the Chebyshev distribution, so that the side lobe can be reduced. By setting the current amplitude distribution of each slot, the size of each slot 101 and the offset of each slot 101 from the central axis can be obtained, so that each slot 101 is set according to the calculated size and offset of each slot 101 to achieve the reduction of the side lobe.

[0164] Optionally, the offset of the slot 101 from the central axis may be a smaller value, which can reduce the processing error and the size of the gap waveguide antenna.

[0165] In a possible implementation, a slot 102 is disposed on the top of the cover plate 100 . In a possible implementation, the plurality of gaps 101 are located at the bottom of the slot 102 .

[0166] Since the upper pin 401 is provided at the lower part of the cover plate 100, the surface wave cannot be suppressed by loading the choke slot, and the surface wave can be suppressed by loading the slot 102 to improve the radiation pattern of the antenna. Optionally, the slot 102 can be a stepped slot.

[0167] Optionally, the slot 102 may be disposed on an upper portion of the cover plate 100 , and the gap 101 may be formed at a bottom of the slot 102 .

[0168] In a possible implementation, the slot (102) has a length of 18.23 mm, a width of 2.7 mm, and a height of 0.8 mm.

[0169] like Figure 4 As shown, the cover plate 100 is provided with an upper layer of pins 401, a gap 101, a slot 102 and an upper layer of short-circuit pins 501. Figure 5 As shown, the bottom plate 200 is provided with lower layer pins 402, waveguide ridges 300 and lower layer short-circuit pins 502, and the lower layer pins 402 and the lower layer short-circuit pins 502 are located at the upper part of the bottom plate 200. The position of the lower layer pins 402 corresponds to the position of the upper layer pins 401, and the position of the lower layer short-circuit pins 502 corresponds to the position of the upper layer short-circuit pins 501.

[0170] In a possible implementation, the cover plate 100, the base plate 200, the pin group 400 and the short-circuit pin group 500 are all made by injection molding metallization process. Compared with traditional metal materials, injection molding metallization products are usually lighter, which helps to reduce the overall weight of the antenna. In addition, injection molding is an efficient manufacturing process, suitable for mass production, and can reduce unit production costs. Compared with traditional metal processing, the cost of injection molded metallization materials is lower. In addition, the injection molding process allows the manufacture of complex geometric shapes, and complex structures can be designed to meet specific functional requirements.

[0171] In a possible implementation, the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 is connected to a lower layer feeding network. In a possible implementation, the lower layer feeding network is used to receive and transmit high frequency signals from a chip.

[0172] One end of the waveguide ridge 300 is the short-circuit end of the ridge gap waveguide 600, and the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 is the input end of the electromagnetic wave, which is used to connect to the lower layer feeding network. The lower layer feeding network is used to receive high frequency signals from the chip and transmit them.

[0173] Optionally, there is a radio frequency signal source for generating a high-frequency signal in the chip, and the high-frequency signal can be transmitted to the antenna through a feeding network. Specifically, the feeding network can effectively transmit the high-frequency signal to the antenna.

[0174] Optionally, when the gap waveguide antenna is used in a corner radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 can be directly connected to the underlying feeding network.

[0175] In a possible implementation, when the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium- and long-range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 is connected to the output port of a waveguide power divider, and the input port of the waveguide power divider is connected to the lower-layer feeding network.

[0176] When the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium and long-range radar, a large number of antennas are required. When the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 of each antenna is connected to the lower-layer feeding network, it can be first connected to the output port of the waveguide power divider, and then the input port of the waveguide power divider can be connected to the lower-layer feeding network.

[0177] When a high frequency signal is transmitted to the antenna, the input signal power is distributed to multiple output ports through the waveguide power divider, and then transmitted to the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 in each antenna through the lower feeding network.

[0178] When the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 in each antenna transmits a signal to the chip, the transmitted signal can be combined into one output port through the waveguide power divider, and then the combined signal is transmitted to the lower feeding network.

[0179] In a possible implementation, when the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium- and long-range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge 300 is connected to one end of the lower-layer feeding network, and the other end of the lower-layer feeding network is connected to the output port of the waveguide power divider.

[0180] When the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium and long range radar, a large number of antennas are required. The other end of the waveguide ridge 300 of each antenna can also be first connected to one end of the lower feeding network, and then the other end of the lower feeding network is connected to the output port of the waveguide power divider.

[0181] In a possible implementation, the lower layer feeding network is connected to an external port of a chip that generates the high frequency signal through a standard rectangular waveguide port WR10.

[0182] When the lower layer feeding network is connected to the external port of the chip, the standard rectangular waveguide port WR10 can be used to connect to the external port. The standard rectangular waveguide port WR10 is usually used in the frequency range of 75GHz to 110GHz, and the size of the port is standardized to ensure compatibility between devices of different manufacturers.

[0183] In a possible implementation, the external port is a cavity structure waveguide transmitter based on a PCB form; in a possible implementation, the external port is a waveguide transmitter using LoP.

[0184] The external port here can be realized by a transmission line structure on a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB transmission line is easy to manufacture and can be integrated with other circuit elements.

[0185] LoP technology can integrate multiple components into one package to improve the integration and performance of the system. The waveguide transmitter can be used to generate electromagnetic waves and transmit the generated electromagnetic waves to the lower-layer feeding network through the standard rectangular waveguide port WR10, and then transmit the electromagnetic waves to the antenna based on the lower-layer feeding network.

[0186] The performance of the gap waveguide antenna provided above is described below.

[0187] Please refer to Figure 6 As can be seen from the figure, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna with a reflection coefficient less than -10dB is 74.97GHz-79.48GHz, and the absolute bandwidth is greater than 4.5GHz, which is much better than the 1-2GHz of ordinary microstrip antennas, indicating that this gap waveguide antenna has a wider impedance bandwidth.

[0188] Please refer to Figure 7,It can be seen from the figure that the antenna gain in the 75-79GHz frequency band is greater than 13.1dBi, and the maximum gain in the band can reach 13.9dBi, indicating that this gap waveguide antenna has good ,gain characteristics.

[0189] Please refer to Figure 8 As can be seen from the figure, in the actual work of the radar, the E plane corresponds to the azimuth plane, and the H plane corresponds to the elevation plane. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna can achieve a maximum gain greater than 13.8dBi, the 10dB beamwidth of the E plane radiation pattern reaches more than 160°, and the gain within ±50° is greater than 10.3dBi, which is conducive to detecting a longer distance in the radar azimuth plane; the large sidelobe level of the H plane radiation pattern is less than -18.0dBi, which is conducive to reducing sidelobe interference and improving signal quality.

[0190] Please refer to the attached Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 The process flow chart of the method for preparing the gap waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:

[0191] Step S901, forming a cover plate and a plurality of upper pins on the cover plate;

[0192] Step S902, forming a bottom plate and a plurality of lower layer pins on the bottom plate;

[0193] Step S903, fixing the cover plate and the bottom plate;

[0194] The upper layer pins and the lower layer pins form a pin group, and the space enclosed by the multiple pin groups, the cover plate and the bottom plate forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0195] When manufacturing the gap waveguide antenna, the cover plate 100 and a plurality of upper pins 401 on the cover plate 100 may be formed first, and then the bottom plate 200 and a plurality of lower pins 402 on the bottom plate 200 may be formed; or, the bottom plate 200 and a plurality of lower pins 402 on the bottom plate 200 may be formed first, and then the cover plate 100 and a plurality of upper pins 401 on the cover plate 100 may be formed. The upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 form a pin group 400.

[0196] After performing the first two steps, the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 can be fixed to complete the manufacture of the gap waveguide antenna.

[0197] The pin group 400 in the ridge gap waveguide antenna prepared by the preparation method is divided into an upper pin 401 and a lower pin 402. Compared with the traditional pin structure, by dividing a pin structure into two parts, an upper pin 401 and a lower pin 402, which are respectively arranged on the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200, the height of the upper pin 401 and the lower pin 402 can be reduced, thereby reducing the difficulty of processing the antenna, so as to be suitable for large-scale production of gap waveguide antennas.

[0198] In a possible implementation, forming the cover plate 100 and a plurality of upper layer pins 401 on the cover plate 100 includes:

[0199] The cover plate 100 and the plurality of upper pins 401 on the cover plate 100 are formed in an integrally formed manner.

[0200] By forming the cover plate 100 and the upper pins 401 on the cover plate 100 in an integrally formed manner, the manufacturing efficiency of the gap waveguide antenna can be improved.

[0201] In a possible implementation, forming the base plate 200 and a plurality of lower layer pins 402 on the base plate 200 includes:

[0202] The bottom plate 200 and the plurality of lower layer pins 402 on the bottom plate 200 are formed in an integrally formed manner.

[0203] The manufacturing efficiency of the gap waveguide antenna can also be improved by forming the bottom plate 200 and the lower layer pins 402 on the bottom plate 200 in an integral molding manner.

[0204] In a possible implementation, fixing the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 includes:

[0205] The cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200 are fixed by welding.

[0206] In a possible implementation, fixing the cover plate 100 and the base plate 200 includes:

[0207] The cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200 are fixed by bolts.

[0208] By fixing the cover plate 100 and the bottom plate 200 , the upper pins 401 and the lower pins 402 can be aligned in the vertical direction to reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves.

[0209] In addition, the slots 102 and the gaps 101 on the cover plate 100 can also be manufactured in an integrated manner when the cover plate 100 is manufactured.

[0210] An embodiment of the present application also provides a radar, comprising the gap waveguide antenna described in any of the above embodiments.

[0211] It should be noted that the beneficial effects of the radar provided in the embodiment of the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the gap waveguide antenna provided in the above embodiment, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0212] An embodiment of the present application also provides a device, including the gap waveguide antenna described in any of the above embodiments.

[0213] It should be noted that the beneficial effects of the gap waveguide antenna in the device provided in the embodiment of the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the gap waveguide antenna provided in the above embodiment, and this embodiment will not be elaborated here.

[0214] The radar or device provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a vehicle, wherein the vehicle can be an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or other new energy vehicle.

[0215] The various embodiments or implementation methods in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0216] It should be noted that the phrases "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiments may include certain features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the certain features, structures or characteristics. In addition, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when describing certain features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to implement such features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly or not explicitly described.

[0217] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A gap waveguide antenna, characterized in that: include: Cover plate (100); Bottom plate (200); A plurality of pin groups (400) are provided between the cover plate (100) and the base plate (200); the pin groups (400) include upper pins (401) connected to the cover plate (100) and lower pins (402) connected to the base plate (200); a space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups (400), the cover plate (100) and the base plate (200) forms a gap waveguide; and the gap waveguide is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves.

2. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper layer of pins (401) and the lower layer of pins (402) in the pin group (400) are aligned in the vertical direction.

3. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the height of the upper layer pins (401) and the height of the lower layer pins (402) is related to the wavelength; the wavelength refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in free space.

4. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sum of the heights of the upper layer pins (401) and the lower layer pins (402) is the product of the wavelength and a preset ratio.

5. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset ratio is one quarter.

6. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the upper layer pins (401) and the lower layer pins (402).

7. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gap is smaller than 0.1 mm.

8. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gap is equal to 0.1 mm.

9. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Waveguide ridge (300).

10. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The waveguide ridge (300) is arranged on a side of the base plate (200) facing the cover plate (100).

11. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of the pin groups (400) on each side of the waveguide ridge (300) is multiple.

12. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that: The plurality of pin groups (400) on each side of the waveguide ridge (300) are evenly arranged.

13. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: The plurality of pin groups (400) are arranged in M ​​rows, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1.

14. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that: M is equal to 2.

15. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that: Each column includes a plurality of pin groups (400), and each pin group (400) in each column is arranged along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (300).

16. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: A plurality of short-circuit pin groups (500) are also provided at one end of the waveguide ridge (300).

17. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The short-circuit pin group (500) comprises an upper layer of short-circuit pins (501) connected to the cover plate (100).

18. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The short-circuit pin group (500) includes a lower layer of short-circuit pins (502) connected to the bottom plate (200).

19. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave transmitted along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (300) is reflected after being transmitted to the plurality of short-circuit pin groups (500).

20. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The short-circuit pin groups (500) are arranged in N rows, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1.

21. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 20, characterized in that: N is equal to 2.

22. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 21, characterized in that: Each column comprises a plurality of short-circuit pin groups (500), and each short-circuit pin group (500) in each column is arranged along an extension direction perpendicular to the waveguide ridge (300).

23. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 17, characterized in that: The height of the upper layer pin (401) is the same as the height of the upper layer short-circuit pin (501).

24. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 18, characterized in that: The height of the lower layer pins (402) is the same as the height of the lower layer short-circuit pins (502).

25. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The height of the lower layer pins (402) is the same as the height of the waveguide ridge (300).

26. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 17, characterized in that: The cover plate (100) is provided with a plurality of slits (101).

27. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that: The plurality of slits (101) are alternately distributed on both sides of the central axis of the cover plate (100).

28. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that: The number of the slots (101) is L, L is an even number, and the mth slot (101) and the L-m+1th slot (101) are centrally symmetrical.

29. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 28, characterized in that: The two centrally symmetrical gaps (101) have the same size.

30. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that: The direction of the central axis is parallel to the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (300).

31. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent slots (101) is half the wavelength.

32. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 31, characterized in that: The distance between at least one slot (101) and the upper short-circuit pin (501) is three quarters of a wavelength.

33. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 32, characterized in that: The slot (101) that is three quarters of the wavelength away from the upper short-circuit pin (501) is the slot (101) closest to the upper short-circuit pin (501).

34. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that: The current amplitude distribution of the plurality of slots (101) is Taylor distribution.

35. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that: The current amplitude distribution of the plurality of gaps (101) is in the form of Chebyshev distribution.

36. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that: The top of the cover plate (100) is provided with a groove (102).

37. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 36, characterized in that: The plurality of slits (101) are located at the bottom of the slot (102).

38. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 36, characterized in that: The slot (102) has a length of 18.23 mm, a width of 2.7 mm, and a height of 0.8 mm.

39. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The cover plate (100), the bottom plate (300), the pin group (400) and the short-circuit pin group (500) are all manufactured by using an injection molding metallization process.

40. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that: The other end of the waveguide ridge (300) is connected to a lower layer feeding network.

41. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 40, characterized in that: The lower layer feeding network is used to receive high frequency signals from the chip and transmit them.

42. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 40, characterized in that: When the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium- and long-range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge (300) is connected to the output port of a waveguide power divider, and the input port of the waveguide power divider is connected to the lower-layer feeding network.

43. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 40, characterized in that: When the gap waveguide antenna is used in a medium- and long-range radar, the other end of the waveguide ridge (300) is connected to one end of the lower layer feeding network, and the other end of the lower layer feeding network is connected to the output port of the waveguide power divider.

44. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 41, characterized in that: The lower layer feeding network is connected to the external port of the chip generating the high frequency signal through the standard rectangular waveguide port WR10.

45. The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 44, characterized in that: The external port is a cavity structure waveguide transmitter based on PCB form.

46. ​​The gap waveguide antenna according to claim 44, characterized in that: The external port is a waveguide transmitter using LoP.

47. A method for preparing a gap waveguide antenna, characterized in that: include: forming a cover plate (100) and a plurality of upper layer pins (401) on the cover plate (100); forming a bottom plate (200) and a plurality of lower layer pins (402) on the bottom plate (200); Fixing the cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200); The upper layer pins (401) and the lower layer pins (402) form a pin group (400), and the space enclosed by the plurality of pin groups (400), the cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200) forms a gap waveguide; the gap waveguide is used to transmit electromagnetic waves.

48. The preparation method according to claim 47, characterized in that Forming a cover plate (100) and a plurality of upper layer pins (401) on the cover plate (100), comprising: The cover plate (100) and the plurality of upper layer pins (401) on the cover plate (100) are formed by an integral molding method.

49. The preparation method according to claim 47, characterized in that: Forming a bottom plate (200) and a plurality of lower layer pins (402) on the bottom plate (200), comprising: The bottom plate (200) and a plurality of lower layer pins (402) on the bottom plate (200) are formed by integral molding.

50. The preparation method according to claim 47, characterized in that: Fixing the cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200) comprises: The cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200) are fixed by a welding process.

51. The preparation method according to claim 47, characterized in that: Fixing the cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200) comprises: The cover plate (100) and the bottom plate (200) are fixed by bolts.

52. A radar, characterized in that: Comprising at least one gap waveguide antenna as described in any one of claims 1-46.

53. A device, characterized in that Comprising at least one gap waveguide antenna as described in any one of claims 1-46.

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