Energy collection device and monitoring system for transmission lines

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of energy collection technology, and in particular to an energy collection device and monitoring system for power transmission lines. The energy collection device includes a clamping assembly, a first power generation unit, and a second power generation unit. The clamping assembly is used to clamp the power transmission line. The first power generation unit includes a first shell and a first friction nanogenerator disposed within the first shell. The first shell is connected to the clamping assembly. The vibration direction of the first friction nanogenerator is perpendicular to the axial direction of the power transmission line, so as to collect the vibration energy of the power transmission line. The second power generation unit includes a power generation mechanism and a swinging piece. The power generation mechanism includes a second shell and at least one second friction nanogenerator disposed within the second shell. The second shell is a blunt body. The fixed end of the swinging piece is connected to the clamping assembly and / or the first shell, and the free end of the swinging piece is connected to the second shell. The installation direction of the swinging piece is parallel to the power transmission line, and the vibration direction of the second friction nanogenerator is parallel to the swing direction of the swinging piece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy collection technology, and in particular to an energy collection device and monitoring system for power transmission lines. Background Art

[0002] Transmission lines, as critical infrastructure for energy transmission, are vital to the stable operation of modern society. However, they face severe challenges posed by harsh outdoor environments and complex operating conditions. Traditional monitoring systems, relying on external power sources, face challenges such as difficult wiring, high costs, and limited coverage.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaics and current transformers (CTs) are relatively mature energy harvesting methods. However, photovoltaic systems are significantly affected by sunlight and weather, while CTs may be limited by factors such as magnetic core saturation. Transmission lines are surrounded by abundant wind and vibration energy, but traditional wind turbines require high wind speed stability, making them difficult to adapt to the vibration environment of transmission lines. Furthermore, transmission line vibrations are intermittent, particularly in light winds. This intermittency is primarily influenced by wind field characteristics, particularly wind direction. Research has found that light wind vibrations primarily occur perpendicular to the wind direction, while vibrations are relatively weak or absent in oblique and tailwind conditions. This dependence on wind direction leads to intermittent energy harvesting, the so-called "energy harvesting gap," which seriously impacts the stable operation of self-powered sensors.

[0004] Therefore, solving the energy collection gap problem caused by intermittent vibrations due to wind direction changes will be the key to achieving all-weather energy collection on transmission lines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application discloses an energy collection device and a monitoring system for a power transmission line, so as to solve the technical problem of intermittent energy collection of the power transmission line caused by the randomness of wind direction.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides an energy collection device for a transmission line, the energy collection device including a clamping assembly, a first power generation unit and a second power generation unit, the clamping assembly is used to clamp the transmission line; the first power generation unit includes a first shell and at least one first friction nanogenerator arranged in the first shell, the first shell is connected to the clamping assembly, the vibration direction of the first friction nanogenerator is perpendicular to the axial direction of the transmission line, so as to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line; the second power generation unit includes a power generation mechanism and a swinging piece, the power generation mechanism includes a second shell and at least one second friction nanogenerator, the second shell is a blunt body, and the second friction nanogenerator is arranged in the second shell; the fixed end of the swinging piece is connected to the clamping assembly and / or the first shell, the free end of the swinging piece is connected to the second shell, the installation direction of the swinging piece is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission line, and the vibration direction of the second friction nanogenerator is parallel to the swing direction of the swinging piece.

[0008] Among them, the first power generation unit and the second power generation unit are connected to the transmission line through a clamping assembly. When the angle between the wind direction and the transmission line is greater than or equal to the first angle, the transmission line is prone to breeze vibration, and the friction layer in the first friction nanogenerator vibrates, generating electrostatic induction to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line; on the contrary, when the angle between the wind direction and the transmission line is less than the first angle, the vibration of the transmission line is very weak or tends to stop. At this time, under the action of wind force, the second shell is a blunt body, which will swing in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the transmission line, that is, swing left and right relative to the fixed end of the swing plate, so that the second friction nanogenerator generates electricity, thereby collecting wind energy. The energy harvesting device in this application can realize the coordinated collection of wind energy and vibration energy of the transmission line through an adaptive wind direction complementary mechanism, filling the energy capture gap when the transmission line does not vibrate due to wind direction changes, and providing an innovative path for all-weather high-entropy energy collection of intelligent transmission lines.

[0009] Furthermore, the first friction nanogenerator includes a first friction electrode assembly, a second friction electrode assembly and an elastic member, and the elastic member is arranged between the first friction electrode assembly and the second friction electrode assembly so that when the transmission line vibrates, the first friction electrode assembly and the second friction electrode assembly can alternately contact and separate.

[0010] Furthermore, the at least one first triboelectric nanogenerator includes a plurality of first triboelectric nanogenerators stacked along the expansion and contraction direction of the elastic member.

[0011] Furthermore, the second power generation unit includes N pairs of power generation mechanisms, where N is a positive integer; along the axial direction of the transmission line, each pair of power generation mechanisms is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the clamping assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the swinging piece is a spring piece, and / or the fixed end of the swinging piece is connected to the first housing.

[0013] Furthermore, the second friction nanogenerator includes a first friction electrode unit and a second friction electrode unit arranged in a stacked manner and a plurality of friction balls arranged therebetween. The direction in which the first friction electrode unit and the second friction electrode unit are stacked is perpendicular to the swing plate, and the vertical spacing between the first friction electrode unit and the second friction electrode unit is greater than the diameter of the friction ball.

[0014] Furthermore, the second friction nanogenerator also includes a first partition and a second partition, and the first partition, the second partition, the first friction electrode unit and the second friction electrode unit are arranged to form a receiving cavity, and the friction ball is located in the receiving cavity; at least one second friction nanogenerator includes a plurality of second friction nanogenerators stacked along the swinging direction of the swinging plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the surface of the first partition facing the accommodating chamber is provided with a plurality of first accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction, and / or, the surface of the second partition facing the accommodating chamber is provided with a plurality of second accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction, and / or, the surface of the first friction electrode unit facing the accommodating chamber is provided with a plurality of third accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction, and / or, the surface of the second friction electrode unit facing the accommodating chamber is provided with a plurality of fourth accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction; the first accommodating hole, the second accommodating hole, the third accommodating hole and the fourth accommodating hole are all used to limit the displacement of the friction ball in the vertical direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the bluff body includes a circle, a rectangle, or a coupled pattern of a circle and a rectangle.

[0017] Furthermore, it includes a first rectifier, a second rectifier, a power management module and an energy storage device, wherein the first rectifier is electrically connected to the first power generation unit, the second rectifier is electrically connected to the second power generation unit, the power management module is electrically connected to the first rectifier and the second rectifier respectively, the power management module is used to improve the energy storage efficiency, the energy storage device is electrically connected to the power management module, and the energy storage device is used to store the electric energy generated by the first power generation unit and the second power generation unit.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a monitoring system for a transmission line, which includes a sensor, a switch assembly, and the energy collection device of the first aspect, wherein the switch assembly is used to control the on and off of the electrical connection between the sensor and the energy storage device, and the sensor is used to monitor the performance and / or status of the transmission line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the energy harvesting device according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a first power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a top plate of a first shell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a top plate of a first shell according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of an annular side plate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom plate of the first housing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first power generation unit according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first power generation unit according to yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 15 A cross-sectional view of a second triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic structural diagram of different types of first baffles according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 17 A top view of the second housing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 18 A top view of a second housing according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 19 A top view of a second housing according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 20 A top view of a second housing with a protrusion according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 21 A top view of a second housing with a protrusion according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 22 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second housing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 23 This is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 24 This is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping assembly according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 25 A circuit control schematic diagram of an energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 26 This is a workflow diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure numbers: 100-first power generation unit; 110-first shell; 111-top plate; 111a-first mounting surface; 112-annular side plate; 113-bottom plate; 113a-second mounting surface; 120-first friction nanogenerator; 121-first friction electrode assembly; 121a-first support layer; 121b-first electrode layer; 121c-first friction layer; 122-second friction electrode assembly; 122a-second support layer; 122b-second electrode layer; 122c-second friction layer; 123-elastic member; 130-mounting shaft; 200-second power generation unit; 210-power generation mechanism; 211-second shell; 211a-half shell; 211b-cover; 212-second friction nanogenerator; 212a-first friction electrode unit; 212a1-first base layer; 212a2-first conductive layer; 212a3- First friction interface layer; 212b-second friction electrode unit; 212b1-second base layer; 212b2-second conductive layer; 212b3-second friction interface layer; 212c-friction ball; 212d-first separator; 212e-second separator; 220-swing plate; 221-fixed end; 222-free end; 300-clamping assembly; 310-hook portion; 311-first retaining ring; 311a-bolt mounting Mounting hole; 311b - limiting groove; 312 - second snap ring; 313 - fastener; 320 - connecting portion; 321 - hook mounting hole; 322 - circuit cavity; 400 - first rectifier; 500 - second rectifier; 600 - power management module; 610 - input capacitor; 620 - gas discharge tube; 630 - inductor; 640 - diode; 700 - energy storage device; 800 - switch assembly; 900 - sensor;

[0046] 01-wire hole; 02-threaded hole; 03-first mounting hole; 04-second mounting hole; 05-third mounting hole; 06-first limiting hole; 07-second limiting hole; 08-first mounting slot; 09-second mounting slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] The application scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that, as new application scenarios emerge, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0049] Transmission line vibrations are intermittent, especially in breezes. This intermittency is primarily influenced by wind field characteristics, particularly wind direction. When the angle between the wind direction and the conductor approaches 90°, transmission lines are more susceptible to breeze vibration. Conversely, when the wind direction is parallel to the transmission line axis or the angle between the two is small, while the transmission line may vibrate, the probability of occurrence is low and the amplitude is negligible. This wind direction dependence leads to intermittent energy harvesting from transmission lines, known as the "energy harvesting gap" problem.

[0050] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides an energy collection device for a transmission line. Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 For a flowchart of the energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The energy harvesting device includes a clamping assembly 300, a first power generation unit 100, and a second power generation unit 200. The clamping assembly 300 is used to clamp the power transmission line. The first power generation unit 100 includes a first housing 110 and at least one first triboelectric nanogenerator (not shown) disposed within the first housing 110. The first housing 110 is connected to the clamping assembly 300. The first triboelectric nanogenerator vibrates perpendicularly to the axial direction of the power transmission line, thereby harvesting the line's vibration energy. The second power generation unit 200 includes a power generation mechanism 210 and a swinging piece 220. The power generation mechanism 210 includes a second shell 211 and at least one second triboelectric nanogenerator (not shown in the figure). The second shell 211 is a blunt body, and the second triboelectric nanogenerator is arranged in the second shell 211. The fixed end 221 of the swinging piece 220 is connected to the clamping assembly 300 and / or the first shell 110, and the free end 222 of the swinging piece 220 is connected to the second shell 211. The installation direction of the swinging piece 220 is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission line, and the vibration direction of the second triboelectric nanogenerator is parallel to the swing direction of the swinging piece 220.

[0051] It should be noted that the vibration direction of a triboelectric nanogenerator refers to the direction in which the friction layer moves relative to the other layer in the triboelectric nanogenerator. For example, if the friction layer and the other layer move relatively close to or away from each other along a first direction, alternately contacting and separating, thereby generating triboelectric charging, the vibration direction of the triboelectric nanogenerator refers to the first direction.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, when the angle α between the wind direction and the transmission line is greater than or equal to the first angle A, the transmission line is prone to breeze vibration. The friction layer in the first triboelectric nanogenerator alternately contacts and separates with the other layer, generating electrostatic induction to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line. On the contrary, when the angle α between the wind direction and the transmission line is less than the first angle A, the vibration of the transmission line is very weak or does not vibrate. At this time, under the action of wind force, the second shell 211 is a blunt body and will swing in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the transmission line. That is, the second shell 211 swings left and right relative to the fixed end 221 of the swing plate 220, thereby causing the second triboelectric nanogenerator 212 to generate electricity, thereby collecting wind energy. The energy harvesting device in this application can achieve the coordinated collection of wind energy and vibration energy of the transmission line through an adaptive wind direction complementary mechanism, filling the energy capture gap when the transmission line does not vibrate due to wind direction changes, and providing an innovative path for all-weather high-entropy energy collection of smart transmission lines.

[0053] The first angle A may be less than or equal to 90°. For example, A may be 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, etc.

[0054] The structures and functions of the first power generation unit 100 , the second power generation unit 200 and the clamping assembly 300 will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] First power generation unit 100

[0056] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the first power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 This is an internal schematic diagram of the first power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first power generation unit 100 includes a first shell 110 and at least one first friction nanogenerator 120 disposed in the first shell 110. The first power generation unit 100 is used to collect vibration energy of the transmission line.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, the first housing 110 may include a top plate 111, an annular side plate 112, and a bottom plate 113. The top plate 111, the annular side plate 112, and the bottom plate 113 enclose a chamber for accommodating the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120. The first housing 110 may protect the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120. Optionally, the first housing 110 may be made of a waterproof and moisture-proof insulating material.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the top plate of the first shell according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the top plate of the first shell of another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The top plate 111 may be provided with a wire hole 01 , and the wire hole 01 is used to pass the output wire of the first friction nanogenerator 120 .

[0059] The first housing 110 is connected to the clamping assembly 300 so that the first housing 110 can be suspended on the power transmission line. Optionally, the clamping assembly 300 is fixedly connected to the top plate 111. Specifically, the top plate 111 is provided with threaded holes 02, and the top plate 111 and the clamping assembly 300 are screwed together using screws, bolts, etc.

[0060] The top plate 111 and the annular side plate 112 may be connected by bonding, screwing, welding, etc. For example, when the top plate 111 and the annular side plate 112 are screwed together, the top plate 111 may be provided with a first mounting hole 03 for mounting a bolt connecting the top plate 111 and the annular side plate 112.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the surface of the top plate 111 facing the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 is a first mounting surface 111a, which is used to mount the adjacent first triboelectric nanogenerator 120. For example, the first mounting surface 111a is bonded to the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular side plate of an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 7 A second mounting hole 04 is provided on the annular side plate 112, and the second mounting hole 04 is used to pass a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is used to connect the top plate 111 and the annular side plate 112 or the bottom plate 113 and the annular side plate 112, wherein the connecting piece can be a bolt or a screw.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present application, the swing plate 220 is mounted on the outer surface of the annular side plate 112. The present application does not limit the connection method between the swing plate 220 and the annular side plate 112, and the two can be connected by welding, bonding, or clamping. For example, Figure 7As shown, a first mounting groove 08 is provided on the annular side plate 112 , and the first mounting groove 08 is used for mounting the swing piece 220 .

[0064] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the bottom plate of the first shell of an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 8 A third mounting hole 05 may be provided on the bottom plate 113 , and bolts, screws and other connecting parts may pass through the second mounting hole 04 and the third mounting hole 05 in sequence to fix the annular side plate 112 and the bottom plate 113 in connection.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the surface of the bottom plate 113 facing the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 is the second mounting surface 113a, which is used to mount the adjacent first triboelectric nanogenerator 120. For example, the second mounting surface 113a is bonded to the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120.

[0066] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 9 The first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 includes a first triboelectric electrode assembly 121, a second triboelectric electrode assembly 122, and an elastic member 123. The elastic member 123 is disposed between the first triboelectric electrode assembly 121 and the second triboelectric electrode assembly 122 so that when the transmission line vibrates, the first triboelectric electrode assembly 121 and the second triboelectric electrode assembly 122 can alternately contact and separate, thereby generating electrostatic induction. Charge accumulates between the first triboelectric electrode assembly 121 and the second triboelectric electrode assembly 122, and current is output through an external circuit.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present application, the first friction electrode assembly 121 includes a first support layer 121a, a first electrode layer 121b, and a first friction layer 121c, which are stacked together. The second friction electrode assembly 122 includes a second support layer 122a, a second electrode layer 122b, and a second friction layer 122c, which are stacked together. The first friction layer 121c and the second friction layer 122c have different abilities to gain or lose electrons. The elastic member 123 is disposed between the first friction layer 121c and the second friction layer 122c. The first electrode layer 121b and the second electrode layer 122b are connected via an external load. When the transmission line vibrates, contact electrification occurs between the first friction layer 121c and the second friction layer 122c, causing the first electrode layer 121b and the second electrode layer 122b to generate an induced electrification effect, thereby forming a load current in the external circuit.

[0068] The first friction layer 121c and the second friction layer 122c can be made of polymer materials with triboelectric effects, such as nylon, polyimide, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It is understood that the greater the difference in the ability of the first friction layer 121c and the second friction layer 122c to gain or lose electrons, the better the power generation effect of the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120.

[0069] The first electrode layer 121b and the second electrode layer 122b may be made of conductive metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, etc.

[0070] It can be understood that the first supporting layer 121a and the second supporting layer 122a mainly play a supporting role, and both can be made of insulating materials.

[0071] The present application does not limit the number of first triboelectric nanogenerators 120; the first housing 110 may contain one, two, or more first triboelectric nanogenerators 120. The at least one first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 includes a plurality of first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 stacked along the expansion and contraction direction of the elastic member 123. Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the first power generation unit 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 As shown, the first power generation unit 100 may include a first friction nanogenerator 120, the first support layer 121a of the first friction nanogenerator 120 may be fixedly connected to the top plate 111, and the second support layer 122a may reciprocate under the action of the elastic member 123; or, the second support layer 122a may be fixedly connected to the bottom plate 113, and the first support layer 1121a may reciprocate under the action of the elastic member 123.

[0072] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a first power generation unit according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 As shown, the first power generation unit 100 may include two first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 . Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the first power generation unit according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 As shown, the first power generation unit 100 may include three first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 .

[0073] It is understood that when the first housing 110 is suspended above the power transmission line, the elastic member 123 can expand and contract vertically under the action of gravity, meaning that the multiple first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 are stacked vertically. Of course, the expansion and contraction direction of the elastic member 123 can also be at a certain angle to the vertical direction, depending on the actual situation, as long as the first power generation unit 100 can collect the vibration energy of the power transmission line.

[0074] In the vertical direction, the first support layer 121a of the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 at the top is fixedly connected to the top plate 111, and the second support layer 122a of the first triboelectric nanogenerator 120 at the bottom is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 113. The fixed connection can be made by welding or bonding.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present application, a mounting shaft 130 is provided between the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 113 , and a plurality of first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 are sequentially passed through the mounting shaft 130 so that the first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 can only move axially along the mounting shaft 130 .

[0076] Correspondingly, a first limiting hole 06 is provided on the top plate 111 , and a second limiting hole 07 is provided on the bottom plate 113 . Both the first limiting hole 06 and the second limiting hole 07 are used to install the installation shaft 130 .

[0077] Second power generation unit 200

[0078] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the second power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of a second triboelectric nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figures 13 to 15 The second power generation unit 200 includes a power generation mechanism 210 and an oscillating piece 220. The power generation mechanism 210 includes a second housing 211 and at least one second triboelectric nanogenerator 212. The second housing 211 is a blunt body, and the second triboelectric nanogenerator 212 is disposed within the second housing 211. The free end 222 of the oscillating piece 220 is connected to the second housing 211. The installation direction of the oscillating piece 220 is parallel to the axial direction of the power transmission line, and the vibration direction of the second triboelectric nanogenerator 212 is parallel to the swing direction of the oscillating piece 220. This allows the second power generation unit 200 to collect wind energy when the angle between the wind direction and the power transmission line is less than the first angle A.

[0079] Reference Figure 13 The second housing 211 may include a half-shell 211a and a cover 211b covering the opening of the half-shell 211a. The cover 211b and the half-shell 211a may be detachably connected to facilitate installation of the second triboelectric nanogenerator 212 inside the second housing 211.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present application, the second friction nanogenerator 212 includes a first friction electrode unit 212a and a second friction electrode unit 212b arranged in a stacked manner and a plurality of friction balls 212c arranged therebetween. The direction in which the first friction electrode unit 212a and the second friction electrode unit 212b are stacked is perpendicular to the swing plate 220, and the vertical spacing between the first friction electrode unit 212a and the second friction electrode unit 212b is greater than the diameter of the friction ball 212c, so that when the free end 222 of the swing plate 220 drives the second shell 211 to swing or vibrate continuously, the friction ball 212c swings or vibrates accordingly. Because the diameter of the friction ball 212c is smaller than the gap between the first friction electrode unit 212a and the second friction electrode unit 212b, the conductive ball continuously contacts and separates from the first friction electrode unit 212a or the second friction electrode unit 212b, thereby converting vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0081] Reference Figure 14 and Figure 15 The second friction nanogenerator 212 further includes a first separator 212d and a second separator 212e. The first separator 212d, the second separator 212e, the first friction electrode unit 212a and the second friction electrode unit 212b are arranged to form a receiving cavity, and the friction ball 212c is located in the receiving cavity.

[0082] The first and second partitions 212d, 212e can both be made of insulating materials and can be independent structures or integrally formed. When the first and second partitions 212d, 212e are integrally formed, they form an annular structure, which, along with the first and second friction electrode units 212a, 212b, encloses a closed accommodating cavity. When the first and second partitions 212d, 212e are independent, separate structures, the first and second partitions 212d, 212e, first and second friction electrode units 212a, 212b, along with the bottom wall of the second housing 211 and the cover 211b, enclose a closed accommodating cavity.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present application, the first triboelectrode unit 212a includes a first base layer 212a1, a first conductive layer 212a2, and a first tribointerface layer 212a3, which are stacked together. The second triboelectrode unit 212b includes a second base layer 212b1, a second conductive layer 212b2, and a second tribointerface layer 212b3, which are stacked together. The first tribointerface layer 212a3 and the second tribointerface layer 212b3 have different abilities to gain or lose electrons. The friction ball 212c is positioned between the first tribointerface layer 212a3 and the second tribointerface layer 212b3. The first conductive layer 212a2 and the second conductive layer 212b2 are connected via an external load. When the transmission line vibrates, contact electrification occurs between the first tribointerface layer 212a3 and the second tribointerface layer 212b3, causing an inductive electrification effect in the first conductive layer 212a2 and the second conductive layer 212b2, thereby generating a load current in the external circuit.

[0084] The first friction interface layer 212 a 3 and the second friction interface layer 212 b 3 may be made of polymer materials having a triboelectric effect, such as nylon, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like.

[0085] It is understood that the greater the difference in the ability of the friction ball 212c and the first friction interface layer 212a3 to gain or lose electrons, the greater the difference in the ability of the friction ball 212c and the second friction interface layer 212b3 to gain or lose electrons, and the better the power generation effect of the second triboelectric nanogenerator 212. The ability of the first friction interface layer 212a3 and the second friction interface layer 212b3 to gain or lose electrons can be the same or different, depending on actual needs.

[0086] The first conductive layer 212a2 and the second conductive layer 212b2 may be made of conductive metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, etc.

[0087] It can be understood that the first base layer 212a1 and the second base layer 212b1 mainly play a supporting role, and both can be made of insulating materials.

[0088] Figure 16 This is a schematic structural diagram of different types of first baffles according to an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 16 The surface of the first partition 212d facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of first accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction. The first accommodating holes are used to limit the displacement of the friction balls 212c in the vertical direction to prevent the multiple friction balls 212c from squeezing each other or even falling to the bottom of the second shell 211.

[0089] Similarly, the surface of the second partition 212e facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of second accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction. The second accommodating holes are used to limit the displacement of the friction balls 212c in the vertical direction to prevent the friction balls 212c from squeezing each other or even falling into the second shell 211.

[0090] Optionally, a plurality of third accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction are provided on the surface of the first friction electrode unit facing the accommodating cavity. The third accommodating holes are used to limit the displacement of the friction balls 212c in the vertical direction to prevent the friction balls 212c from squeezing each other or even falling into the second shell 211.

[0091] Optionally, the surface of the second friction electrode unit facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of fourth accommodating holes arranged in the vertical direction, and the third accommodating holes are used to limit the displacement of the friction ball 212c in the vertical direction to prevent the friction balls 212c from squeezing each other or even falling into the second shell 211.

[0092] Among them, the shapes of the first accommodating hole, the second accommodating hole, the third accommodating hole, and the fourth accommodating hole can all be regular polygons, circles, or squares, etc., as long as they can accommodate the friction ball 212c and limit its displacement in the vertical direction, and allow the friction ball 212c to vibrate back and forth between the first friction interface layer 212a3 and the second friction interface layer 212b3.

[0093] Illustratively, the surface of the first partition 212d facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of first accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction, and the surface of the second partition 212e facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of second accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction, and the shapes of the first accommodating holes and the second accommodating holes can both be regular hexagons.

[0094] It is understood that the present application does not limit the number of the second triboelectric nanogenerators 212 . The at least one second triboelectric nanogenerator 212 may include a plurality of second triboelectric nanogenerators 212 stacked along the swing direction of the swing plate 220 .

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, the fixed end 221 of the swing piece 220 is connected to the first housing 110. Optionally, the swing piece 220 may be a spring piece, allowing the free end 222 of the swing piece 220 to swing back and forth relative to the fixed end 221.

[0096] Figure 17 This is a top view of the second shell of an embodiment of the present application. Figure 18 This is a top view of the second housing of another embodiment of the present application. Figure 19 This is a top view of the second housing of another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figures 17 to 19 The second shell is a bluff body, and the cross-sectional shape of the bluff body includes a circle, a rectangle, or a coupled pattern of a circle and a rectangle.

[0097] Figure 20 This is a top view of a second shell with a protrusion according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 21 This is a top view of a second housing with a protrusion according to another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 20 and Figure 21 The bluff body may have various special-shaped structural attachments, wherein the structural attachments may be Y-shaped protrusions, hemispherical protrusions, etc., to enhance the swing amplitude of the second shell 211.

[0098] Figure 22 This is a structural diagram of the second shell of an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 22 As shown, the second shell 211 includes a cylinder and a quadrilateral column spliced ​​together with the cylinder, and the cross-section of the quadrilateral column includes three straight edges and one arcuate edge. Among them, the arcuate edge coincides with the side of the cylinder, two of the straight edges are parallel to each other and equal in length, and the third straight edge connects these two parallel edges, and the other ends of these two parallel edges are respectively connected to the two ends of the arcuate edge. The second shell 211 of the above structure can be regarded as a spliced ​​coupling of a cylindrical blunt body and a quadrilateral blunt body, that is, the shape of the cross-section of the second shell 211 is a coupling pattern of a circle and a rectangle, so that the second shell 211 can achieve coupled motion of vortex-induced vibration and galloping.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, a second mounting groove 09 is provided on the end surface of the quadrilateral bluff body away from the cylindrical bluff body. The second mounting groove 09 is used to mount the free end 222 of the swinging piece 220 .

[0100] In some embodiments of the present application, the fixed end 221 of the swing piece 220 is connected to the clamping assembly 300 and / or the first shell 110 , and is specifically configured according to actual needs.

[0101] In some embodiments of the present application, the second power generation unit 200 includes N pairs of power generation mechanisms 210, where N is a positive integer. Each pair of power generation mechanisms 210 is symmetrically arranged on either side of the clamping assembly 300 along the axis of the transmission line to balance the mass of the energy harvesting device and prevent an unstable center of gravity.

[0102] It is understandable that the second power generation unit 200 may also include an odd number of power generation mechanisms 210. For example, when the second power generation unit 200 includes only one power generation mechanism 210, in order to maintain the overall balance, the energy collection device may include a counterweight symmetrically arranged with the above-mentioned power generation mechanism 210 to achieve a stable center of gravity of the energy collection device.

[0103] Clamping assembly 300

[0104] The clamping assembly 300 is used to clamp the transmission line so that the first power generation unit 100 and the second power generation unit 200 are connected to the transmission line. The structure of the clamping assembly 300 is not limited in this application, as long as it can achieve the above-mentioned function.

[0105] Figure 23 This is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping assembly of another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 23 and Figure 24 The clamping assembly 300 includes a hook portion 310, and the hook portion 310 may include a first snap ring 311 and a second snap ring 312. The first snap ring 311 and the second snap ring 312 are detachably connected by a fastener 313 to facilitate the installation and removal of the clamping assembly 300 to and from the transmission line.

[0106] The fastener 313 may be a fastening bolt. The first clamping ring 311 may be provided with a bolt mounting hole 311 a for mounting the fastening bolt.

[0107] The first clamping ring 311 and the second clamping ring 312 can both be U-shaped or V-shaped clamping rings, and their specific shapes and sizes can be set according to the shape and size of the transmission line.

[0108] In some embodiments of the present application, a surface of the first snap ring 311 facing the second snap ring 312 is provided with a limiting groove 311 b, and the limiting groove 311 b is used to accommodate the power transmission line.

[0109] Reference Figure 23 and Figure 24 The clamping assembly 300 includes a connecting portion 320, which is used to connect to the first housing 110. Specifically, the connecting portion 320 may be provided with a hook mounting hole 321, and a connecting member such as a bolt is sequentially passed through the threaded hole 02 on the top plate 111 and the hook mounting hole 321 on the connecting portion 320, thereby mounting the first housing 110 on the connecting portion 320.

[0110] In some embodiments of the present application, the connecting portion 320 includes a circuit cavity 322 , and the circuit cavity 322 is used to accommodate connecting wires and electronic devices.

[0111] Figure 25 This is a circuit control schematic diagram of an energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present application, refer to Figure 25The energy collection device in the present application also includes a first rectifier 400, a second rectifier 500, a power management module 600 and an energy storage device 700. Among them, the first rectifier 400 is electrically connected to the first power generation unit 100, and the first rectifier 400 is used to convert the alternating current generated by the first power generation unit 100 into direct current. The second rectifier 500 is electrically connected to the second power generation unit 200, and the second rectifier 500 is used to convert the alternating current generated by the second power generation unit 200 into direct current. The power management module 600 is electrically connected to the first rectifier 400 and the second rectifier 500 respectively, and the power management module 600 is used to improve the energy storage efficiency. For example, the power management module 600 can increase the output current and reduce the output voltage. The energy storage device 700 is electrically connected to the power management module 600, and the energy storage device 700 is used to store the electric energy generated by the first power generation unit 100 and the second power generation unit 200.

[0112] Optionally, both the first rectifier 400 and the second rectifier 500 may be rectifier bridges.

[0113] Continue to refer to Figure 25 The power management module 600 may include an input capacitor 610, a gas discharge tube 620, an inductor 630, and a diode 640. The input capacitor 610 is electrically connected to the first rectifier 400 and the second rectifier 500, respectively. The input capacitor 610 is used to store DC power from the rectifier bridge and stabilize the input voltage. One end of the gas discharge tube 620 is connected to the first end of the input capacitor 610, and the other end of the gas discharge tube 620 is connected to the first end of the inductor 630 and the cathode of the diode 640, respectively. The second end of the inductor 630 is connected to the first end of the energy storage device 700, and the second end of the input capacitor 610 is connected to the anode of the diode 640 and the second end of the energy storage device 700, respectively.

[0114] When the input voltage exceeds the set value, the gas discharge tube 620 will conduct and release excess energy, thereby protecting the subsequent circuits from excessive voltage shock. The diode 640 is used to prevent current from flowing back to the input capacitor 610, ensuring that energy can only flow in one direction.

[0115] Optionally, the energy storage device 700 may be an output capacitor, which is used to store the stepped-down electrical energy and provide a stable DC voltage to the load.

[0116] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a monitoring system for a power transmission line. Figure 26 This is a workflow diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 26The monitoring system includes a switch component 800, a sensor 900, and an energy collection device in various possible embodiments of the present application. The switch component 800 is used to control the on / off of the electrical connection between the energy storage device 700 and the sensor 900, and the sensor 900 is used to monitor the performance and / or status of the transmission line.

[0117] Among them, the switch component 800 can realize autonomous start and stop control of the sensor 900, effectively avoiding the inconvenience caused by manual control of the electrical connection between the sensor 900 and the energy storage device 700.

[0118] In some embodiments of the present application, the sensor 900 may be used to monitor the temperature, humidity, vibration, galloping, sag, wind deviation, etc. of the transmission line.

[0119] In summary, the energy collection device and monitoring system in the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0120] 1) Enhanced wind direction adaptability: The energy harvesting device in this application achieves multi-source energy collaborative collection of transmission line vibration energy and wind energy through a wind direction adaptive complementary mechanism. This overcomes the limitation of traditional vibration energy harvesting that relies on specific wind direction and provides an innovative path for all-weather high-entropy energy harvesting on smart transmission lines.

[0121] 2) Broadband wind and sand vibration energy harvesting: The first power generation unit 100 of the present application can be flexibly configured with multiple stacked first triboelectric nanogenerators 120 according to actual needs, significantly improving its vibration frequency response range. This energy harvesting device can achieve broadband vibration energy harvesting in the range of 5-60 Hz, covering the main frequency range of breeze vibration of power transmission lines;

[0122] 3) Optimized wind energy collection: The second housing 211 in the second generator unit is a blunt body, which enables the second power generation unit 200 to collect wind energy in a wide range of wind speeds and wind directions.

[0123] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy harvesting device for a power transmission line, characterized in that: The energy collection device includes a clamping assembly, a first power generation unit and a second power generation unit, wherein the clamping assembly is used to clamp the power transmission line; The first power generation unit includes a first shell and at least one first triboelectric nanogenerator disposed in the first shell, the first shell being connected to the clamping assembly, and the vibration direction of the first triboelectric nanogenerator being perpendicular to the axial direction of the transmission line, so as to collect vibration energy of the transmission line; The second power generation unit includes a power generation mechanism and a swinging piece. The power generation mechanism includes a second shell and at least one second friction nanogenerator. The second shell is a blunt body, and the second friction nanogenerator is arranged in the second shell. The fixed end of the swinging piece is connected to the clamping assembly and / or the first shell, and the free end of the swinging piece is connected to the second shell. The installation direction of the swinging piece is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission line, and the vibration direction of the second friction nanogenerator is parallel to the swing direction of the swinging piece.

2. The energy harvesting device according to claim 1, wherein: The first friction nanogenerator includes a first friction electrode assembly, a second friction electrode assembly and an elastic member. The elastic member is arranged between the first friction electrode assembly and the second friction electrode assembly so that when the transmission line vibrates, the first friction electrode assembly and the second friction electrode assembly can alternately contact and separate.

3. The energy harvesting device according to claim 2, wherein: The at least one first friction nanogenerator includes a plurality of first friction nanogenerators stacked along the expansion and contraction direction of the elastic member.

4. The energy harvesting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The second power generation unit includes N pairs of power generation mechanisms, where N is a positive integer; Along the axial direction of the power transmission line, each pair of the power generation mechanisms is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the clamping assembly.

5. The energy harvesting device according to claim 4, characterized in that The swinging piece is a spring piece, and / or the fixed end of the swinging piece is connected to the first housing.

6. The energy harvesting device according to claim 4, wherein: The second friction nanogenerator includes a first friction electrode unit and a second friction electrode unit stacked together and a plurality of friction balls arranged therebetween. The direction in which the first friction electrode unit and the second friction electrode unit are stacked is perpendicular to the swing plate, and the vertical spacing between the first friction electrode unit and the second friction electrode unit is greater than the diameter of the friction balls.

7. The energy harvesting device according to claim 6, wherein: The second triboelectric nanogenerator further includes a first partition and a second partition, wherein the first partition, the second partition, the first triboelectric electrode unit, and the second triboelectric electrode unit are arranged to form a receiving cavity, and the friction ball is located in the receiving cavity; The at least one second triboelectric nanogenerator includes a plurality of second triboelectric nanogenerators stacked along the swinging direction of the swinging piece.

8. The energy harvesting device according to claim 7, wherein: The surface of the first partition facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of first accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction, and / or the surface of the second partition facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of second accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction, and / or the surface of the first friction electrode unit facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of third accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction, and / or the surface of the second friction electrode unit facing the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of fourth accommodating holes arranged in a vertical direction; The first accommodating hole, the second accommodating hole, the third accommodating hole, and the fourth accommodating hole are all used to limit the displacement of the friction ball along the vertical direction.

9. The energy harvesting device according to claim 7, wherein: The cross-sectional shape of the bluff body includes a circle, a rectangle, or a coupled pattern of a circle and a rectangle.

10. The energy harvesting device according to any one of claims 1-3, 5-9, characterized in that: It includes a first rectifier, a second rectifier, a power management module and an energy storage device, wherein the first rectifier is electrically connected to the first power generation unit, the second rectifier is electrically connected to the second power generation unit, the power management module is electrically connected to the first rectifier and the second rectifier respectively, the power management module is used to improve the energy storage efficiency, the energy storage device is electrically connected to the power management module, and the energy storage device is used to store the electric energy generated by the first power generation unit and the second power generation unit.

11. A monitoring system for a power transmission line, characterized in that: It comprises a sensor, a switch component and the energy collection device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the switch component is used to control the on and off of the electrical connection between the sensor and the energy storage device, and the sensor is used to monitor the performance and / or status of the transmission line.

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