Artificial noise (AN) cancellation

Abstract

Certain aspects relate to techniques for cancelling artificial noise via spatial processing. For example, artificial noise may be added to the transmission of a legitimate signal to hide the legitimate signal from an unintended receiver. Aspects described herein relate to cancellation of artificial noise that has been added to physical layer transmissions. For example, a first wireless node may transmit a first transmission comprising a first artificial noise signal combined with a first data signal, and a second transmission comprising a second artificial noise signal. Due to spatial differences in the first and second transmissions, the artificial noise signal may return to zero after soft merging by the receiving device.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of the Israeli patent application serial number 294993 filed on July 24, 2022 and entitled “ARTIFICALNOISE(AN)CANCELATION”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to techniques for canceling artificial noise in wireless communications. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that are capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at municipal, national, regional and even global levels. An example of a telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5GNR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution released by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements related to latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

[0006] Some aspects of wireless communications include direct communications between devices, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc. There is a need for further improving such direct communications between devices. Improvements related to direct communications between devices may be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards employing these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0007] A brief summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all anticipated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects, nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description that is presented later.

[0008] Certain aspects relate to a first wireless node configured for wireless communication. In some examples, the first wireless node includes one or more memories, and one or more processors, each processor being communicatively coupled to at least one of the one or more memories. The one or more processors are operable, individually or in any combination, to cause the first wireless node to send a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. In some examples, the one or more processors are operable, individually or in any combination, to cause the first wireless node to send a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0009] Certain aspects relate to a method of wireless communication by a first wireless node. In some examples, the method includes sending a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. In some examples, the method includes sending a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0010] Certain aspects are directed to a first wireless node. In some examples, the first wireless node includes means for sending a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. In some examples, the first wireless node includes means for sending a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0011] Certain aspects are directed to one or more non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors of a first wireless node, cause the one or more processors in the first wireless node to perform operations, either individually or in combination. In some examples, the operations include sending a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. In some examples, the operations include sending a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0012] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. However, these features are merely indicative of some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example monolithic (eg, aggregated) base station and architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example deaggregated base station architecture in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, including a diagram conceptually illustrating an example RAN and a schematic diagram illustrating a conceptual RF front end.

[0022] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram conceptually illustrating an example RF front end according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating example communications between a first wireless node and a second wireless node in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus according to various aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are intended as descriptions of various configurations and are not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The specific embodiments include specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, in order to avoid obscuring these concepts, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form.

[0027] Security is an important aspect of wireless communications. Since wireless channels are broadcast in nature, any wireless device with radio frequency (RF) capabilities (e.g., user equipment (UE)) can potentially eavesdrop on or intercept ongoing transmissions or data exchanges. Furthermore, in Internet of Things (IoT) device communications, where countless devices may be connected to each other, the security risk may be greater due to the relatively large number of potential data leakage points. Therefore, it is critical to prevent eavesdropping or information leakage in wireless communications.

[0028] The upper layer communication may be transmitted using a pre-configured security mechanism such as an encryption function. However, the reference signaling (RS) and the information transmitted through the physical control channel may be insecure. Therefore, if an eavesdropper were to intercept and modify such control information, the eavesdropper may cause a service interruption event for the UE or cause a reduction in data throughput. Such an attack may also damage the reliability of wireless communication. Therefore, the technology for protecting the physical (PHY) layer transmission can be improved.

[0029] In some aspects, artificial noise (AN) can be added to PHY layer transmissions to shield legitimate signals. That is, AN can prevent eavesdropping devices from correctly decoding legitimate signals, and in some cases, can completely prevent eavesdropping devices from identifying PHY layer transmissions. As described below, AN can be added to a signal by a transmitter without affecting time domain resources or frequency domain resources. Therefore, AN can be added to any PHY layer communication, including RS, physical control channels, physical shared channels, physical sidelink channels, etc. It should be noted that the term "channel" used herein can relate to a physical layer communication channel and / or a region of a communication channel (e.g., RS region, control region, data region, etc.) to which AN can be added.

[0030] AN is a signal that is sent concurrently with a legitimate signal or is added to a legitimate signal to intentionally destroy the legitimate signal. In some examples, the AN can be generated based on the channel state information (CSI) (e.g., channel quality information (CQI)) of the desired recipient. In some aspects, a CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) can be sent by a network node (e.g., a base station or an aspect of a deaggregated base station) to a UE. The UE can use the CSI-RS to estimate the channel quality and report the estimated channel quality (e.g., via CQI) back to the network node. The CSI-RS and reported CSI described throughout the present disclosure can be implemented on a wide variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards (e.g., the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)). By designing the AN signal in this way, the AN aspect of the transmission can be offset at the desired recipient after soft merging of spatially separated instances of the transmission.

[0031] In certain aspects, a transmitting device (e.g., a base station or UE) can provide security to a PHY layer signal by intentionally damaging a legitimate signal by adding an AN in the power domain. That is, the legitimate signal and the AN can use the same precoder. In order to enable the desired receiver (e.g., another base station or UE) to remove the AN signal, the transmitting device generates multiple copies of the legitimate signal and sends the multiple copies by adding a different AN signal to each copy. The transmitting device can then send each of these impaired signals simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) using a different beam associated with a unique antenna port. In other words, the AN is spatially designed based on the receiver CSI so that it can only be eliminated by the intended receiver.

[0032] The intended receiver may soft combine multiple intentionally impaired signals, which essentially eliminates the AN contribution at the receiver because each AN signal is designed using the CSI of the beam (corresponding to the intended receiver) through which the AN signal is transmitted. Soft combining is the process of combining all received impaired signals using statistical algorithms or other means for error recovery. For example, with soft combining, received transmissions are not discarded, but rather stored in a buffer. By using soft combining, multiple received transmissions may be combined together to essentially eliminate the AN contribution to each transmission, leaving a legitimate signal to be decoded. It should be noted that by sending multiple impaired transmissions simultaneously, the signal-to-noise ratio of the legitimate signal is improved relative to a single transmission.

[0033] The eavesdropping device cannot recover the legitimate signal because it is located at a different location. Accordingly, even in the case of soft combining of multiple signals, the eavesdropping device may not be able to eliminate the spatial dimension of the transmission.

[0034] In some examples, the transmitting device may select a relatively large rate for the error correction code associated with each message in order to use fewer frequency resources. In such an example, the reduction in error performance when decoding a message may be offset by the increase in SNR values ​​due to the soft merging of multiple impaired signals. For example, instead of setting the aggregation level (AL) for transmission to 2, the transmitting device may use two beams to transmit a signal with the AN, where the AL is set to 1. It should be noted that the increased SNR at the intended receiver after soft merging of multiple transmissions may also compensate for any transmit power loss caused by sending a relatively large number of simultaneous beams under the transmit power budget constraint. An eavesdropper may also be prevented from decoding legitimate signals from any beam individually because each beam carries a low-power message.

[0035] In some examples, the transmitting device can adjust the power division between the legitimate signal and the AN signal per retransmission and / or per beam based on: (i) the expected quality of service (QoS) and security requirements of the receiver; and / or (ii) the expected CQI or reported CSI of the receiver. For example, the power division can be adjusted based on a tradeoff between secure transmission and transmission throughput.

[0036] In some examples, the transmitting device can perform beam selection to determine which beams will be used to transmit the AN and the legitimate signal. For example, beam selection can be performed to ensure that each copy of the message is carried by beams that are spatially uncorrelated with each other to benefit from spatial diversity and enhance performance.

[0037] In some examples, the confidential message sent on each beam with the AN may also be different to improve multiplexing gain (as opposed to a diversity combining scheme when a single confidential message is sent on each beam). In another example, the transmitting device may use some beams to send only AN signals without sending any confidential messages. Here, if the intended receiver is equipped with multiple antennas, only a subset of the receive antennas may be selected as active.

[0038] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and methods. These devices and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0039] As an example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of multiple elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software should be broadly interpreted as indicating instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads in execution, procedures, functions, etc., regardless of whether they are referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other.

[0040] Throughout the disclosure, “network node” may be used to refer to a base station or a component of a base station. A base station may be implemented as an aggregate base station (e.g., Figure 4 ), deaggregated base stations (e.g., Figure 5), integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, etc. Therefore, a network node may refer to a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. Throughout the disclosure, "wireless node" may be used to refer to a network node or a UE. For example, a "first wireless node" may describe a first network node or a first UE that communicates with a second network node, or a "first wireless node" may describe a first UE that performs sidelink communication with a second UE. Accordingly, a "second wireless node" may be a second network node or a second UE.

[0041] Therefore, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described can be implemented with hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented with software, the functions can be stored on a computer-readable medium or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. As an example and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, a combination of computer-readable media of the aforementioned types, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code that can be accessed by a computer in the form of instructions or data structures.

[0042] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a user equipment (UE) 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). A macro cell includes a base station. A small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell.

[0043] Base stations 102 configured for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), can interface with EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). Base stations 102 configured for 5G New Radio (NR), collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN), can interface with core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184. The base stations 102 can perform one or more of the following functions, among other functions: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, allocation for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, via the EPC 160 or the core network 190) via a third backhaul link 134 (eg, an X2 interface). The first backhaul link 132, the second backhaul link 184, and the third backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0044] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. There can be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell 102' can have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network can also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 can include an uplink (UL) (also called a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) (also called a forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link can be through one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may use spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in carrier aggregation of up to Yx megahertz (MHz) (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0045] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0046] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154, such as in a 5 gigahertz (GHz) unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available before communicating.

[0047] The small cell 102' may operate in a licensed spectrum and / or an unlicensed spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz, etc.) as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102' employing NR in the unlicensed spectrum may improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0048] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified with the frequency range names FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are typically referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is typically (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes arise with respect to FR2, which is typically (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0049] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6GHz" or the like is used herein, it can broadly represent a frequency that can be less than 6GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it can broadly represent a frequency that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, or can be within the EHF band.

[0050] The base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), can include and / or be referred to as an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or another type of base station. Certain base stations, such as gNB 180, can operate in traditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave frequencies, and / or near millimeter wave frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates at millimeter wave frequencies or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 can be referred to as a millimeter wave base station. The millimeter wave base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range. The base station 180 and the UE 104 can each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming.

[0051] The base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal in one or more transmit directions 182' to the UE 104. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182". The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal in one or more transmit directions to the base station 180. The base station 180 may receive the beamformed signal in one or more receive directions from the UE 104. The base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 180 may be the same or may be different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may be different.

[0052] The EPC 160 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, an MBMS gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Typically, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the serving gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN gateway 172. The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to an IP service 176. The IP service 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provision and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may be used as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS services to base stations 102 belonging to a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area that broadcasts a specific service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related billing information.

[0053] The core network 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a session management function (SMF) 194, and a user plane function (UDP) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with a unified data management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. Typically, the AMF 192 provides quality of service (QoS) flow and session management. All user IP packets are transmitted through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a packet switched (PS) flow service, and / or other IP services.

[0054] Base stations may include and / or be referred to as gNBs, Node Bs, eNBs, access points, base transceiver stations, radio base stations, radio transceivers, transceiver functions, basic service sets (BSSs), extended service sets (ESSs), transmit receive points (TRPs), or some other suitable terminology. Base stations 102 provide access points to EPC 160 or core network 190 for UEs 104. Examples of UEs 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0055] The present disclosure may also be applicable to vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications and similar concepts (such as D2D communications, IoT communications, Industrial IoT (IIoT) communications, and / or other standards / protocols for communications in wireless networks / access networks). Additionally or alternatively, the concepts and various aspects described herein may be particularly applicable to one or more specific areas (such as vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications, pedestrian-to-vehicle (P2V) communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, and / or other frameworks / models for communications in wireless networks / access networks).

[0056] Refer again Figure 1 In certain aspects, a UE 104 and / or a base station 102 / 180 (e.g., a first wireless node) may include an artificial noise module 198 configured to send a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node (e.g., another UE 104 and / or another base station 102 / 18) via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and send a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0057] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram showing an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram showing an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram showing an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram showing an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be of frequency division duplex type (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL; or the 5G NR frame structure may be of time division duplex type (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be of TDD type, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (primarily DL), where D is DL, U is UL, X is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (primarily UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 34 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL symbols, UL symbols, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with a slot format by a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the TDD type 5G NR frame structure.

[0058] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (e.g., with 10 milliseconds (ms)) may be divided into 10 subframes (1ms) of equal size. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Depending on the time slot configuration, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited situations; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and the numeric scheme (numerology). For slot configuration 0, different digital schemes μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different digital schemes 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Therefore, for slot configuration 0 and digital scheme μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 per subframe. μ time slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the digital scheme. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15 kilohertz (kHz), where μ is the digital scheme 0 to 4. Thus, digital scheme μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and digital scheme μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely proportional to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A-2D An example of slot configuration 0 and digital scheme μ=2 is provided, where each slot has 14 symbols and each subframe has 4 slots. The slot duration is 0.25ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67μs. Within a frame, there can be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWP) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific numbering scheme.

[0059] A resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0060] like Figure 2AAs shown in FIG. 1 , some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for UEs. RSs may include demodulation RSs (DM-RSs) (although indicated as Rs for a particular configuration). x , where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are also possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0061] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are shown. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI in one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE includes 9 RE groups (REGs), and each REG includes 4 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. The PDCCH within a BWP can be called a control resource set (CORESET). Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) can be within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. UE 104 uses the PSS to determine subframe timing / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) can be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The UE uses the SSS to determine the physical layer cell identification group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identification group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the position of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also called an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0062] like Figure 2CAs shown in , some REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station (although indicated as R for a specific configuration, other DM-RS configurations are also possible). The UE can send DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be sent in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be sent in different configurations. The UE can send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS can be sent in the last symbol in the subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can send the SRS on one of the combs. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0063] Figure 2D An example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame is shown. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) / negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0064] Figure 31 is a block diagram of base station 102 / 180 communicating with UE 104 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from EPC 160 may be provided to one or more controllers / processors 375. One or more controllers / processors 375 implement the functions of layer 3 and layer 2. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. One or more controllers / processors 375 provide RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0065] One or more transmit (TX) processors 316 and one or more receive (RX) processors 370 implement layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 including the physical (PHY) layer may include error detection on the transmission channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transmission channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. One or more TX processors 316 process the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 104. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0066] At the UE 104, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to one or more receive (RX) processors 356. One or more TX processors 368 and one or more RX processors 356 implement layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. One or more RX processors 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 104. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 104, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by one or more RX processors 356. One or more RX processors 356 then convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 102 / 180. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 102 / 180. The data and control signals are then provided to one or more controllers / processors 359 that implement layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0067] The one or more controllers / processors 359 may each be associated with one or more memories 360 that store program codes and data. The one or more memories 360 may be referred to as computer readable media, alone or in any combination. In the UL, the one or more controllers / processors 359 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The one or more controllers / processors 359 are also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0068] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by base station 102 / 180, one or more controllers / processors 359 provide RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0069] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 102 / 180 may be used by the one or more TX processors 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the one or more TX processors 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0070] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 102 / 180 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 104. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to one or more RX processors 370.

[0071] The one or more controllers / processors 375 may each be associated with one or more memories 376 that store program codes and data. The one or more memories 376 may be referred to as computer readable media, alone or in any combination. In the UL, the one or more controllers / processors 375 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 104. The IP packets from the one or more controllers / processors 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The one or more controllers / processors 375 are also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0072] At least one of the one or more TX processors 368, the one or more RX processors 356, and the one or more controllers / processors 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 198 related aspects.

[0073] At least one of the one or more TX processors 316, the one or more RX processors 370, and the one or more controllers / processors 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 198 related aspects.

[0074] Figure 4 An example monolithic (eg, disaggregated) architecture of a distributed RAN 400 is shown, which may be Figure 1 The wireless communication system and access network 100 shown in FIG. 4 is implemented in FIG. As shown in the figure, the distributed RAN 400 includes a core network (CN) 402 and a base station 426.

[0075] CN 402 may host core network functions. CN 402 may be centrally deployed. Functions of CN 402 may be offloaded (e.g., to Advanced Wireless Services (AWS)) in order to handle peak capacity. CN 402 may include AMF 404 and UPF 406. AMF 404 and UPF 406 may perform one or more of the core network functions.

[0076] The base station 426 may communicate with the CN 402 (e.g., via a backhaul interface). The base station 426 may communicate with the AMF 404 via an N2 (e.g., NG-C) interface. The base station 426 may communicate with the UPF 406 via an N3 (e.g., NG-U) interface. The base station 426 may include a central unit control plane (CU-CP) 410, one or more central unit user planes (CU-UP) 412, one or more distributed units (DU) 414-418, and one or more radio units (RU) 420-424.

[0077] The CU-CP 410 may be connected to one or more of the DUs 414-418. The CU-CP 410 and the DUs 414-418 may be connected via an F1-C interface. Figure 4 As shown, CU-CP 410 can be connected to multiple DUs, but a DU can be connected to only one CU-CP. Figure 4 Only one CU-UP 412 is shown, but the base station 426 may include multiple CU-UPs. The CU-CP 410 selects an appropriate CU-UP for the requested service (e.g., for the UE). The CU-UP 412 may be connected to the CU-CP 410. For example, the CU-UP 412 and the CU-CP 410 may be connected via an E1 interface. The CU-UP 412 may be connected to one or more of the DUs 414-418. The CU-UP 412 and the DUs 414-418 may be connected via an F1-U interface. Figure 4 As shown, the CU-CP 410 may be connected to a plurality of CU-UPs, but the CU-UP may be connected to only one CU-CP 410 .

[0078] A DU (such as DU 414, 416 and / or 418) may host one or more TRPs (transmit / receive points, which may include edge nodes (ENs), edge units (EUs), radio heads (RHs), smart radio heads (SRHs), etc.). A DU may be located at the edge of a network with radio frequency (RF) capabilities. A DU may be connected to multiple CU-UPs (e.g., for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and service-specific deployments) connected to the same CU-CP (e.g., under the control of the same CU-CP). A DU may be configured to provide services to a UE individually (e.g., dynamically selected) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission). Each DU 414-416 may be connected to one of the RUs 420 / 422 / 424.

[0079] The CU-CP 410 may be connected to multiple DUs that are connected to the same CU-UP 412 (e.g., under its control). The connection between the CU-UP 412 and the DU may be established by the CU-CP 410. For example, the connection between the CU-UP 412 and the DU may be established using a bearer context management function. Data forwarding between the CU-UPs 412 may be via an Xn-U interface.

[0080] Distributed RAN 400 can support fronthaul deployment solutions across different deployment types. For example, the RAN 400 architecture can be based on transmission network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, delay and / or jitter). Distributed RAN 400 can share features and / or components with LTE. For example, base station 426 can support dual connectivity with NR and can share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR. Distributed RAN 400 can, for example, implement collaboration between and among DUs 414-418 via CU-CP 412. Inter-DU interfaces may not be used. Logical functions may be dynamically distributed in distributed RAN 400.

[0081] Figure 5 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example deaggregated base station 500 architecture. The deaggregated base station 500 architecture may include one or more CUs 510, which may communicate directly with a core network 520 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with a core network 520 through one or more deaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (RT) RIC 525 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 515 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 505, or both. The CU 510 may communicate with one or more DUs 530 via a corresponding midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 530 may communicate with one or more RUs 540 via a corresponding fronthaul link. The RU 540 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 540.

[0082] Each of the units (i.e., CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, near-RT RIC 525, non-RT RIC 515, and SMO framework 505) may include one or more interfaces, or be coupled to one or more interfaces, which are configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of each unit may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via a transmission medium. For example, each unit may include a wired interface that is configured to receive a signal or send a signal to one or more other units via a wired transmission medium. In addition, each unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) that is configured to receive or send a signal to one or more other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0083] In some aspects, CU 510 may be in charge of high-level control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to transmit signals with other control functions controlled by CU 510. CU 510 may be configured to process user plane functions (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, CU 510 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). When necessary, CU 510 may be implemented to communicate with DU 530 for network control and signaling.

[0084] DU 530 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RU 540. In some aspects, DU 530 may control one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.), depending at least in part on a functional split (e.g., those defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)). In some aspects, DU 530 may further control one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to transmit signals with other layers (and modules) controlled by DU 530 or with control functions controlled by CU 510.

[0085] The low-level functions may be implemented by one or more RUs 540. In some deployments, a RU 540 controlled by a DU 530 may correspond to a logical node that controls RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional partitioning (such as low-level functional partitioning). In such an architecture, the RU 540 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 540 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 530. In some cases, this configuration may enable the DU 530 and CU 510 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a virtual RAN (vRAN) architecture).

[0086] The SMO framework 505 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources to meet RAN coverage requirements that can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as, O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., an open cloud (O-cloud) 590) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as, to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as, O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, and near-RT RIC 525. In some implementations, the SMO framework 505 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as, open eNB (O-eNB) 511) via the O1 interface. In addition, in some implementations, the SMO framework 505 may communicate directly with one or more RU 540 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 505 may also include a non-RT RIC 515 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 505 .

[0087] The non-RT RIC 515 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows (including model training and updating), or policy-based guidance of applications / functions in the near-RT RIC 525. The non-RT RIC 515 may be coupled or in communication with the near-RT RIC 525 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 525 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 510, one or more DUs 530, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 525.

[0088] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 525, the non-RT RIC 515 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 525 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 505 or the non-RT RIC 515. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 515 or the near-RT RIC 525 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 515 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and use the AI / ML model to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 505 (e.g., via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of a RAN management policy (e.g., an A1 policy).

[0089] Example Techniques for AN Cancellation via Spatial Processing

[0090] Figure 6 Included is a first diagram showing an example RAN 600 including a network node 102, a first UE 104a, and a second UE 104b within a cell 602, and a second diagram showing a conceptual RF front end 650 of the network node 102 with multiple RF chains 658. It should be noted that in some examples, the network node 102 may be another UE sending a sidelink communication.

[0091] Signal 604 includes the following two items: an AN signal generated by the network node 102 based on the CSI of the intended receiver, and a legal signal (e.g., RS or other physical channel transmission). However, in some examples, signal 604 may include an AN signal without a legal signal, as discussed in more detail below. The AN signal and the legal signal may be added to each other in the power domain and may be sent using the same precoder. RAN 600 shows that the network node 102 sends signal 604 to the first UE 104a, which is the intended recipient of signal 604. As used throughout the present disclosure, "power domain" may involve the transmit power (e.g., total transmit power, nominal transmit power, transmit power allocation, power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA), etc.) of a transmitter (e.g., from one or more RF chains) to a receiver, and / or as provided in various communication standards (e.g., 3GPP). The second UE 104b is an unintended receiver, but is also able to receive signal 604 because it is close to the first UE 104a. In this example, the intended receiver is a single antenna receiver.

[0092] The network node 102 uses multiple RF chains 658 to send signals 604 at the same time. Each RF chain can use a different antenna to transmit a signal. For example, the first RF chain 652 can use a first antenna 662, the second RF chain 654 can use a second antenna 664, and the Mth RF chain 656 can use a third antenna 666. Each of the antennas 662 / 664 / 666 can be associated with a separate antenna port or a separate antenna port array. Each instance of the signal 604 sent from the RF chain 658 can include a unique AN signal.

[0093] The first RF chain 652 is used to transmit the first legal signal (x 1 ), the second RF chain 654 sends a second legal signal (x 2 ), the MRF chain 656 sends the Mth legal signal (x M ). Legal signal (x 1 、x 2 and x M ) can be the same signal (e.g., multiple copies) or different signals. Each corresponding RF chain can use complex transmission coefficients (e.g., α 1 , α 2 and α M ) to modulate the legal signal, and AN (e.g., β 1 , β 2 and β M ). Thus, each instance of β is configured to prevent an unintended receiver from decoding the corresponding legitimate signal (e.g., β 1 Protectionx 1 , β 2 Protectionx 2 , and so on). The complex transmission coefficient (α) may be determined by the network node 102 to optimize the expected receiver detection performance (eg, for maximum ratio transmission (MRT) for diversity combining, α m =h m , where for m = 1, 2, ..., M, x 1 =x 2 =…=x m ).

[0094] Each RF chain will direct the beam (e.g., h 1 、h 2 and h M ) is sent to the intended receiver. Here, h 1 、h 2 and h M Each of h may be defined as a vector representing a corresponding antenna port (eg, a fixed value associated with the corresponding antenna). 1 、h 2 and hM Each of h may be a complex coefficient of a beam vector corresponding to a receive beam of a legitimate receiver. 1 、h 2 and h M Each of h is a CSI value for a corresponding beam or channel used by an intended receiver to receive the transmitted signal. 1 、h 2 and h M Each of the UEs 104a and 104b is directed to the same reception point of the intended receiver (eg, the first UE 104a).

[0095] Each beam (e.g., h 1 、h 2 and h M ) is used to transmit the legal signal and AN using the same frequency and time resources as other beams. Therefore, RF chain 658 transmits the legal signal and AN simultaneously using the same frequency band. However, it should be noted that because each RF chain uses a different beam to transmit the legal signal and AN, there is a spatial separation of the transmitted signals.

[0096] Accordingly, signal 604 may be defined as an aggregation of multiple signals transmitted by spatially separated antennas or antenna arrays. Because the unintended receiver (e.g., the second UE 104b) is at a different geographic location relative to the intended receiver, each beam is composed of different complex coefficients (e.g., and ) to define.

[0097] The network node 102 may generate a unique AN (eg, β) for each RF chain based on the CSI of the expected receiver. 1 , β 2 and β M ). The received legitimate signal (e.g., y) at the intended receiver is defined as the aggregate of the signals transmitted by the RF chain 658. The received signal can be defined according to the following Equation 1:

[0098] y=h 1 (α 1 x 1 +β 1 )+h 2 (α 2 x 2 +β 2 )+…+h M (α M x M +β M )+z Equation 1

[0099] Therefore, the combination of legal signals can be defined as follows:

[0100] h 1 α 1 x 1 +h 2 α 2 x 2 +…+h M α M x M Equation 2

[0101] And the aggregation of AN signals can be defined as:

[0102] h 1 β 1 +h 2 β 2 +…+h M β M Equation 3

[0103] where z is the ambient noise received by the intended receiver.

[0104] As discussed, β 1 , β 2 and β M Each of the beams may be based on the CSI of the intended receiver. By configuring the AN in this manner, each instance of the AN signal may cancel out other AN instances. Thus, the network node 102 may configure the AN based on the CSI of each beam used for communication with the intended receiver (e.g., h m , where m = 1, 2, ..., M) to calculate AN. For example, AN can be calculated as follows in the following equation 4:

[0105]

[0106] Where n is the index of the receive antenna (in this case, n=1 because the intended receiver is a single antenna); θ is the phase of each signal sent from the corresponding RF chain; and m=1,2,…M. As shown in Equation 2, the soft combining of the AN signals results in the cancellation of the AN signals at the intended receiver. Therefore, each AN signal (e.g., β m ) may be based on the corresponding CSI value (e.g., h m ):

[0107]

[0108] where u is random noise (e.g., noise kernel), is a rotation so that u and is common for all m. Therefore, the network node 102 can adjust the phase and amplitude of u so as to satisfy Equation 2 (e.g., so that the sum of the AN signals equals 0). For example, u can be determined by the network node 102 to optimize a communication performance metric (e.g., peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)). Therefore, each of Equations 2 and 5 requires the transmitter to know the CSI of the receiver.

[0109] Note that, because for any value of m, So even if the aggregated AN signal is soft combined, the aggregated AN signal will not be zeroed at the unintended receiver. In addition, even if the unintended receiver knows the CSI of the intended receiver, The spatial dimension of will also prevent unintended receivers from canceling out the AN signal and recovering the legitimate signal.

[0110] Figure 7 is a diagram showing a network node 102 (eg, Figure 6 600) having a plurality of RF chains 758. It should be noted that in some examples, the network node 102 may be another UE that sends a sidelink communication. Here, the first UE 104a is a signal sent by the network node 102 (e.g., Figure 6 The second UE 104b is an unintended receiver, but due to its proximity to the first UE 104a, is also able to receive the transmitted signal. In this example, the intended receiver is a multi-antenna receiver.

[0111] The network node 102 uses multiple RF chains 658 simultaneously to send signals 604. Each RF chain can use a different antenna to transmit a signal. For example, the first RF chain 652 can use a first antenna 662, the second RF chain 654 can use a second antenna 664, and the Mth RF chain 656 can utilize a third antenna 666. Each of the antennas 662 / 664 / 666 can be associated with a separate antenna port or a separate antenna port array.

[0112] Figure 7 The communication and signal processing shown in the above Figure 6 However, since the intended receiver is a multi-antenna device, the network node 102 may change the way it sends legitimate signals to the intended receiver. Figure 6 As discussed, the signal 604 is transmitted to the intended receiver via multiple directional beams. Because the receiver is a multi-antenna device, the beams used by the network node 102 for transmission are relative to Figure 6For example, the first RF chain 752 uses a first beam (h 11 ) and a second beam (h ) directed toward the Nth antenna element 774 of the intended receiver. N1 The second RF chain 754 uses a third beam (h ) directed toward the first antenna element 772. 12 ) and a fourth beam (h ) directed toward the Nth antenna element 774 N2 The Mth RF chain 756 uses a fifth beam (h ) directed toward the first antenna element 772. 1M ) and a sixth beam (h ) directed toward the Nth antenna element 774 NM ).

[0113] and Figure 6 The network node 102 may be configured to transmit the complex transmission coefficient (e.g., α 1 , α 2 and α M ) to modulate the legal signal (e.g., x 1 、x 2 、x M ), and AN can be added to each legitimate signal (e.g., β 1 , β 2 and β M ). The signal 604 is sent to the first UE 104a, which is the intended recipient of the signal 604. The second UE 104b is an unintended receiver, but due to its proximity to the first UE 104a (eg, the intended receiver), may also be able to receive the signal 604. In this example, the intended receiver is a single antenna receiver.

[0114] The network node 102 uses multiple RF chains 658 to send signals 604 simultaneously. Each RF chain can use a different antenna to transmit a signal. For example, the first RF chain 752 can use a first antenna 762, the second RF chain 754 can use a second antenna 764, and the Mth RF chain 756 can use a third antenna 766. Each of the antennas 762 / 764 / 766 can be associated with a separate antenna port or a separate antenna port array.

[0115] Because the intended receiver is a multi-antenna device, the intended receiver may combine observations from the signals received at each antenna (eg, first antenna element 772 and Nth antenna element 774). Figure 7 The first observation result (y 1 ) and the Nth observation result (y N ). The combined filter coefficients (e.g., v 1 and vN ) to combine the observations of each antenna element. Therefore, each AN term (e.g., β 1 , β 2 and β M ) can be designed and generated based at least in part on the CSI of the intended receiver and the combining filter used by the receiver. For example, the signaling received at the antenna of the intended receiver (for n=1, 2, ..., N, where N is the index of the receiving antenna element) can be defined as shown in Equation 6.

[0116] y n =h n1 (α 1 x 1 +β 1 )+…+h NM (α M x M +β M )+zEquation 6

[0117] If the intended receiver uses filter coefficients (v 1 ,…,v N ) to combine the received signals, the received legal signal (e.g., y) can be defined as shown in Equation 7:

[0118]

[0119] Here, item Indicates the merged message, item represents the aggregated AN. The aggregated AN term can be rearranged and equal to zero as shown in Equation 8 below:

[0120]

[0121] If the following Equation 9 is satisfied, the aggregated AN term can be rearranged and equal to zero.

[0122]

[0123] As a result, the AN term can be designed and generated according to the following equation 10:

[0124]

[0125] In some examples, the network node 102 may configure the first UE 104a (e.g., the intended receiver) to use a single antenna element or multiple antenna elements. If configured to use multiple antenna elements, the first UE 104a may provide its filter coefficients to the network node 102. The network node 102 may then use the received filter coefficients to generate an AN signal.

[0126] Figure 8 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating example communications and processes 800 performed between a network node 102 and a UE 104 (eg, an intended receiver). As described above, the network node 102 may also be a UE as part of a sidelink or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) operation.

[0127] In a first communication 802, the network node 102 may optionally send configuration information to the UE 104. For example, the network node 102 may configure the UE 104 to receive transmitted signals via a single antenna element (eg, one antenna or a group of antennas) or via multiple antenna elements.

[0128] If the network node 102 configures the UE 104 to receive using multiple antenna elements, the UE 104 may respond to the first communication 802 with a second communication 804, wherein the UE 104 provides the network node 102 with a selection of one or more combining filter coefficients (e.g., v n ) so that the network node 102 can generate an AN signal based on the combined filter coefficients.

[0129] In a first process 806, the network node 102 may generate multiple AN signals. The AN signals may be generated based on one or more of the CSI or received combining filter coefficients of the UE 104, depending on whether the UE 104 has been configured to receive transmissions at a single antenna element or multiple antenna elements.

[0130] At a third communication 808, the network node 102 may send multiple signals simultaneously to the UE 104. Each of the multiple signals may be sent via the same frequency but via a different beam (e.g., spatially separated transmissions). Each of the multiple signals may include using complex transmission coefficients (e.g., α 1 , α 2 and α M ) and a unique AN added to the power domain of the signal (e.g., β 1 , β 2 and β M ) modulated legal signal (x 1 、x 2 and x M ). Here, the legitimate signal may be a reference signal or other information sent via a physical channel.

[0131] Fig. 9 900 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first wireless node (e.g., Figure 1 and 3 UE 104, network node or base station 102 / 180; Fig.10 At 902, the first wireless node may optionally send a request to the second wireless node for filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node. For example, Figure 8 The first communication 802 may include a request for filter coefficients (eg, a combined filter coefficient (v n Here, if the first communication 802 sends a second wireless node (e.g., Figure 8 The UE 104 shown is configured to receive a signal from a first wireless node (e.g., Figure 8 ), the second wireless node may treat the first communication 802 as a transmission to the first receiving antenna group (eg, Figure 7 The filter coefficients associated with the first antenna element 772 (eg, Figure 7 V 1 ) and a second receive antenna group with a second wireless node (eg, Figure 7 The second filter coefficients (eg, Figure 7 V N ).

[0132] At 904, in response to the request, the first wireless node may optionally receive the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient. That is, the second wireless node may send an indication of the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient to the first wireless node, such as Figure 8 In this manner, the first wireless node may use the filter coefficients to generate and send an AN signal, as described above with respect to Figure 7 as described.

[0133] At 906, the first wireless node may send a first transmission to the second wireless node via the first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with the first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. For example, the first wireless node may generate a first AN signal based on a channel or beam (e.g., Figure 6 or 7 h 1 ) to generate a first AN signal (for example, Figure 6 or 7 beta 1 ). The first AN signal can be as described above. Figure 6 The first wireless node may also generate the first AN signal in the power domain with the first data signal (eg, Figure 6 or a legal signal x of 7 1) and then send the combined signal on a channel or beam.

[0134] At 908, the first wireless node may send a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via the second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time. For example, the first wireless node may transmit a second AN signal based on another channel or beam used for communication with the second wireless node (e.g., Figure 6 or 7 h 2 ) to generate a second AN signal (for example, Figure 6 or 7 beta 2 ). The second AN signal can be as described above. Figure 6 The first wireless node may also generate a second AN signal in the power domain with a second data signal (eg, Figure 6 or a legal signal x of 7 2 ) and then sending the combined signal on another channel or beam. It should be noted that the first transmission and the second transmission can be sent simultaneously so that the transmissions overlap in time. The two transmissions can also be sent on the same frequency band.

[0135] In some aspects, the first transmission is sent via a first antenna group including one or more first antenna elements, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second antenna group including one or more second antenna elements. For example, the first antenna group (e.g., Figure 6 or 7 first antenna 662 / 762) and a second antenna group (eg, Figure 6 and 7 One or more of the second antennas 664 / 764) may include one or more antennas. The one or more antennas in the first group may be separated from the antennas in the second group. Accordingly, in some examples, the first wireless node may use one or more antennas to send the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0136] In some aspects, the first AN and the second AN are further generated based on the amount of antenna groups used for transmission of the first transmission and the second transmission. Figure 6 and 7 As discussed, the phase (θ) of each signal transmitted from the first wireless node may be determined based on the number of antenna groups (eg, M) as follows:

[0137] In some aspects, the first AN signal is further generated based on the first filter coefficients, and the second AN signal is further generated based on the second filter coefficients. Figure 7As discussed, each AN is based on the CSI of the corresponding channel or beam and filter coefficients of the corresponding antenna of the second wireless node configured as a multi-antenna receiver to receive the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0138] In some aspects, the first transmission is sent via a first beam and the second transmission is sent via a second beam. That is, the first transmission is sent using the first beam and the second transmission is sent using a second beam separate from the first beam. Because each beam is sent using a separate antenna, the beams do not share the same spatial location.

[0139] In some aspects, the second AN signal is combined with one of the first data signal or the second data signal. For example, the first transmission may include the first data signal (x 1 ) and the first AN signal (β 1 ), but the second transmission may include a second AN signal (β 2 ). In such an example, the aggregated transmission power of the AN signal can improve the coverage of the first data signal. Alternatively, in some examples, the second transmission can include the first data signal or the second data signal. Specifically, the first wireless node can be a plurality of copies of the same data signal simultaneously transmitted from separate antenna groups, wherein each copy of the data signal is combined with a different AN signal relative to the AN signal used by other antenna groups. Alternatively, the first wireless node can be a plurality of different data signals simultaneously transmitted from separate antenna groups, wherein each unique data signal is combined with a different AN signal relative to the AN signal used by other antenna groups.

[0140] In some aspects, the first transmission is defined by a power domain ratio between a first AN signal and a first data signal, and wherein the power domain ratio is based on at least one of a quality of service (QoS) of the second wireless node or a channel quality indicator (CQI) of the first channel. Here, the first wireless node may determine a transmission power ratio for the AN signal and the data signal. For example, the first wireless node may determine a first power to be used to send the first AN signal and a second power to be used to send the first data signal. The ratio may take into account a transmission power limit of the first wireless node and a performance metric of the second wireless node. The performance metric may be defined by one or more of the CQI or QoS of the second wireless node.

[0141] In some aspects, the first transmission is sent via a first frequency and the second transmission is sent via a second frequency. In other words, the two transmissions may be sent over the same frequency band.

[0142] Fig.101000 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1002. The apparatus 1002 may be configured as a network node or UE and includes one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 (also referred to as modems) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 1022 and one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1020, an application processor 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010, a Bluetooth module 1012, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 1014, a global positioning system (GPS) module 1016, and a power supply 1018.

[0143] One or more cellular baseband processors 1004 communicate with UE 104 and / or BS 102 / 180 via cellular RF transceiver 1022. Each of the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 may include a computer-readable medium / one or more memories. The computer-readable medium / one or more memories may be non-transitory. The one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 are responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / one or more memories, either alone or in combination. When executed by the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004, the software enables the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 to perform the various functions described above, either alone or in combination. The computer-readable medium / one or more memories may also be used, either alone or in combination, to store data manipulated by the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 when executing the software. The one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 also include, either alone or in combination, a receiving component 1030, a communication manager 1032, and a sending component 1034. The communication manager 1032 includes one or more components shown. The components within the communication manager 1032 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / one or more memories and / or configured as hardware within the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004. In one configuration, the one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 may be a component of the UE 104 and may include, alone or in combination, at least one of the one or more memories 360, and / or at least one of the one or more TX processors 368, at least one of the one or more RX processors 356, and at least one of the one or more controllers / processors 359. In one configuration, the device 1002 may be a modem chip and include only the one or more baseband processors 1004, and in another configuration, the device 1002 may be the entire UE (e.g., Figure 1 and 3104) and includes the above-mentioned additional modules of the device 1002. In one configuration, the baseband unit 1004 can be a component of the BS 102 / 180 and can include one or more memories 376 and / or at least one of the one or more TX processors 316, at least one of the one or more RX processors 370, and at least one of the one or more controllers / processors 375.

[0144] The communication manager 1032 includes a sending component 1040, which is configured to send a request for first filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node to a second wireless node; send a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to the second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and send a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time; for example, as combined Fig. 9 As described in 902, 906 and 908.

[0145] The communication manager 1032 also includes a receiving component 1042 configured to receive an indication of the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient in response to the request, for example, as combined with Fig. 9 As described in 904.

[0146] The apparatus may include executing Fig. 9 The additional components for each box of the algorithm in the above flowchart. Therefore, each box in the above flowchart can be performed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The component can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm alone or in combination, stored in a computer-readable medium for execution by one or more processors, or a combination of the above.

[0147] In one configuration, the device 1002 and in particular one or more cellular baseband processors 1004 include a unit for sending a request for first filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node to a second wireless node; a unit for receiving an indication of the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients in response to the request; a unit for sending a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to the second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and a unit for sending a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0148] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1002 configured to perform the functions described in the aforementioned means. As described above, the apparatus 1002 may include one or more TX processors 368, one or more RX processors 356, and one or more controllers / processors 359; or one or more memories 376 and / or at least one of one or more TX processors 316, one or more RX processors 370, and one or more controllers / processors 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be one or more TX processors 368, one or more RX processors 356, and one or more controllers / processors 359; or one or more memories 376 and / or at least one of one or more TX processors 316, one or more RX processors 370, and one or more controllers / processors 375 configured to perform the functions described in the aforementioned means.

[0149] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is an illustration of an exemplary manner. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged. In addition, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims present the elements of each block in an exemplary order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0150] Other considerations

[0151] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but to conform to the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein the reference element in the singular form is not intended to represent "one and only one" (unless specifically stated), but "one or more". "If", "when..." and "when..." terms such as "under..." should be interpreted as "under..." conditions, rather than implying a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (e.g., "when...") do not mean to respond to the occurrence of the action or to take action immediately during the occurrence of the action, but only mean that if a certain condition is met, the action will occur, but does not require a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to represent "used as an example, instance or illustration". Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred to or conducive to other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” etc. may not replace the word “unit.” Therefore, no claim element should be interpreted as a functional module unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase “unit for . . . .”

[0152] As used herein, a processor, at least one processor, and / or one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to perform or operable to perform multiple actions (such as the functions described above) is intended to include at least two different processors capable of performing different, overlapping, or non-overlapping subsets of multiple actions, or a single processor capable of performing all multiple actions. In a non-limiting example where multiple processors are capable of performing different actions in combination, a description of a processor, at least one processor, and / or one or more processors configured or operable to perform actions X, Y, and Z may include: at least a first processor configured or operable to perform a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., perform X); and at least a second processor configured or operable to perform a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., perform Y and Z). Alternatively, the first processor, the second processor, and the third processor may be configured or operable to perform a corresponding one of actions X, Y, and Z, respectively. It should be understood that any combination of one or more processors may each be configured or operable to perform any one or any combination of multiple actions.

[0153] Similar to that used herein, a memory, at least one memory, a computer-readable medium, and / or one or more memories configured, individually or in combination, to store or having stored thereon instructions executable by one or more processors for performing a plurality of actions (such as the functions described above) are intended to include: at least two different memories capable of storing different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of instructions for performing different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the plurality of actions; or a single memory capable of storing instructions for performing all of the plurality of actions. In one non-limiting example where one or more memories, alone or in combination, are capable of storing different subsets of instructions for performing different actions of a plurality of actions, a description of a memory, at least one memory, a computer-readable medium, and / or one or more memories configured or operable to store or have stored thereon instructions for performing actions X, Y, and Z may include: at least a first memory configured or operable to store or have stored thereon a first subset of instructions for performing a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions for performing X); and at least a second memory configured or operable to store or have stored thereon a second subset of instructions for performing a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions for performing Y and Z). Alternatively, the first memory, the second memory, and the third memory may be configured to store or have stored thereon a respective one of the first subset of instructions for performing X, the second subset of instructions for performing Y, and the third subset of instructions for performing Z, respectively. It should be understood that any combination of one or more memories may each be configured or operable to store or have stored thereon any one or any combination of instructions executable by one or more processors to perform any one or any combination of multiple actions. In addition, one or more processors may each be coupled to at least one of the one or more memories and configured or operable to execute instructions to perform multiple actions. For example, in the above non-limiting example of different instruction subsets for performing actions X, Y, and Z, a first processor may be coupled to a first memory storing instructions for performing action X, and at least a second processor may be coupled to at least a second memory storing instructions for performing actions Y and Z, and the first processor and the second processor may execute the corresponding instruction subsets in combination to complete the execution of actions X, Y, and Z. Alternatively, three processors may access one of three different memories, each storing one of the instructions for performing X, Y, or Z, and the three processors may execute the corresponding instruction subsets in combination to complete the execution of actions X, Y, and Z. Alternatively, a single processor may execute instructions stored on a single memory or distributed on multiple memories to complete the execution of operations X, Y, and Z.

[0154] Example aspects

[0155] The following examples are merely illustrative and may be combined with other embodiments or aspects of the teachings described herein without limitation.

[0156] Example 1 is a method for wireless communication by a first wireless node, comprising: sending a first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and sending a second transmission including a second AN signal to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

[0157] Example 2 is a method according to Example 1, wherein the first transmission is sent via a first antenna group including one or more first antenna elements, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second antenna group including one or more second antenna elements.

[0158] Example 3 is a method according to any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first AN and the second AN are generated further based on the number of antenna groups used to transmit the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0159] Example 4 is a method according to any one of Examples 1-3, further comprising: sending a request to the second wireless node for a first filter coefficient associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and a second filter coefficient associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node; and receiving an indication of the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient in response to the request.

[0160] Example 5 is a method according to Example 4, wherein the first AN signal is further generated based on the first filter coefficient, and wherein the second AN signal is further generated based on the second filter coefficient.

[0161] Example 6 is a method according to any one of Examples 1-5, wherein the first transmission is sent via a first beam, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second beam.

[0162] Example 7 is a method according to any one of Examples 1-6, wherein the second AN signal is combined with one of the first data signal or the second data signal.

[0163] Example 8 is a method according to any one of Examples 1-7, wherein the first transmission is defined by a power domain ratio between the first AN signal and the first data signal, and wherein the power domain ratio is based on at least one of a quality of service (QoS) of the second wireless node or a channel quality indicator (CQI) of the first channel.

[0164] Example 9 is a method according to any of Examples 1-8, wherein the first transmission is sent via a first frequency, and wherein the second transmission is sent via the first frequency.

[0165] Example 10 is a first wireless node, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, each processor being communicatively coupled to at least one of the one or more memories, and the one or more processors being operable individually or in any combination to cause the first wireless node to execute a method according to any one of Examples 1-9.

[0166] Example 11 is a first wireless node according to Example 10, wherein the first wireless node is configured as a user equipment (US) or a network node.

[0167] Example 12 is a first wireless node comprising one or more means for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-9.

[0168] Example 13 is a first wireless node according to Example 12, wherein the first wireless node is configured as a user equipment (US) or a network node.

[0169] Example 14 is one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors of a first wireless node, cause the one or more processors in the first wireless node to perform a method according to any one of claims 1-9 for wireless communication by the first wireless node.

[0170] Example 15 is one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to Example 14, wherein the first wireless node is configured as a user equipment (US) or a network node.

Claims

1. A first wireless node configured for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, each of which is communicatively coupled to at least one of the one or more memories, the one or more processors being operable, alone or in any combination, to cause the first wireless node to: sending a first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and A second transmission including a second AN signal is sent to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

2. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first antenna group including one or more first antenna elements, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second antenna group including one or more second antenna elements.

3. The first wireless node according to claim 2, wherein: The first AN and the second AN are generated further based on a quantity of antenna groups used to transmit the first transmission and the second transmission.

4. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further operable to cause the first wireless node to: sending a request to the second wireless node for first filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node; as well as In response to the request, an indication of the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients is received.

5. The first wireless node according to claim 4, wherein: The first AN signal is further generated based on the first filter coefficients, and wherein the second AN signal is further generated based on the second filter coefficients.

6. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first beam, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second beam.

7. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The second AN signal is combined with one of the first data signal or the second data signal.

8. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The first transmission is defined by a power domain ratio between the first AN signal and the first data signal, and wherein the power domain ratio is based on at least one of a quality of service (QoS) of the second wireless node or a channel quality indicator (CQI) of the first channel.

9. The first wireless node according to claim 1, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first frequency, and wherein the second transmission is sent via the first frequency.

10. A method for wireless communication by a first wireless node, comprising: sending a first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and A second transmission including a second AN signal is sent to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first antenna group including one or more first antenna elements, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second antenna group including one or more second antenna elements.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The first AN and the second AN are generated further based on a quantity of antenna groups used to transmit the first transmission and the second transmission.

13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: sending a request to the second wireless node for first filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node; as well as In response to the request, an indication of the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients is received.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The first AN signal is further generated based on the first filter coefficients, and wherein the second AN signal is further generated based on the second filter coefficients.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first beam, and wherein the second transmission is sent via a second beam.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The second AN signal is combined with one of the first data signal or the second data signal.

17. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first transmission is defined by a power domain ratio between the first AN signal and the first data signal, and wherein the power domain ratio is based on at least one of a quality of service (QoS) of the second wireless node or a channel quality indicator (CQI) of the first channel.

18. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first transmission is sent via a first frequency, and wherein the second transmission is sent via the first frequency.

19. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a first wireless node, cause the one or more processors of the first wireless node to perform operations comprising: sending a first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal to a second wireless node via a first channel, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; and A second transmission including a second AN signal is sent to the second wireless node via a second channel, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel, and wherein the first transmission and the second transmission overlap in time.

20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein: The operations also include: sending a request to the second wireless node for first filter coefficients associated with a first receive antenna group of the second wireless node and second filter coefficients associated with a second receive antenna group of the second wireless node; and In response to the request, an indication of the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients is received.

21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 20, wherein: The first AN signal is further generated based on the first filter coefficients, and wherein the second AN signal is further generated based on the second filter coefficients.

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