Special and super heavy oil steam drive denudation channel physical simulation model and filling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a special and super heavy oil steam drive denudation channel physical simulation model, which comprises a two-dimensional visual denudation channel model, a steam generator, a displacement pump and a temperature acquisition system, and also discloses a special and super heavy oil steam drive denudation channel physical simulation model filling method, and is suitable for the technical field of oil and gas field development. A two-dimensional visual large flat plate model is adopted, the denudation channel after special and super heavy oil steam flooding steam channeling is simulated through a special sand filling method, and therefore the expansion rule of the special and super heavy oil steam flooding denudation channel can be studied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a physical simulation model and filling method for erosion channels in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Background Technique

[0002] At present, the research on the production mechanism of heavy oil steam flooding in the laboratory mainly focuses on physical experiments. According to the characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs, physical experimental devices are designed, and hot steam generated by a steam generator is directly injected into the experimental device to simulate the steam flooding production of the reservoir. The two - dimensional visual large - flat - plate model is a common experimental device for heavy oil steam flooding. Through this device, the distribution of remaining oil at different stages of steam flooding can be observed through glass slides.

[0003] CN106285593A discloses a physical model and experimental method for steam flooding in horizontal wells. This invention patent adopts a two - dimensional visual large - flat - plate model to carry out physical simulation experiments on different well pattern forms of heavy oil horizontal well steam flooding, obtain the development characteristics of the temperature field and oil displacement efficiency of steam flooding under different horizontal well pattern conditions, and determine the optimal well pattern form for heavy oil horizontal well steam flooding. However, this experimental method cannot be used for extra - heavy and super - heavy oil and is difficult to simulate the erosion channels generated by extra - heavy and super - heavy oil steam flooding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a physical simulation model and filling method for erosion channels in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil.

[0005] To achieve the above - mentioned purpose, the invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A physical simulation model and filling method for erosion channels in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, including a two - dimensional visual erosion channel model, a steam generator, a displacement pump, and a temperature acquisition system.

[0007] Preferably, the inlet end of the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model is connected to the steam generator and the displacement pump, the outlet end is connected to the collection container, and the model measurement points are connected to the temperature acquisition system.

[0008] Preferably, the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model is filled by the differential saturation method.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet end of the displacement pump is connected to distilled water, and the outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the steam generator.

[0010] Preferably, the distilled water enters the steam generator through the displacement pump to generate steam.

[0011] Preferably, the steam temperature in the steam generator is 100°C - 300°C.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature acquisition system is connected to the outlet end of the steam generator and the temperature measurement points of the two-dimensional visualization model, and is used to monitor the steam temperature at the outlet end of the steam generator and the temperature at the measurement points of the two-dimensional visualization model.

[0013] Preferably, the two-dimensional visualization erosion channel model includes a main body, a cover plate, an erosion-induced channel screen, a sampling point and a temperature measurement point;

[0014] The main body and the cover plate are connected by bolts; a rectangular cavity is formed between the main body and the cover plate, and an injection port and a production outlet are respectively at two diagonals of the cavity; the sampling points and the temperature measurement points are evenly distributed at the bottom of the cavity and are used for temperature measurement and sampling of liquid samples.

[0015] Preferably, the main body is made of stainless steel.

[0016] Preferably, the erosion-induced channel screen is processed from a steel screen.

[0017] Preferably, the cover plate is made by embedding four glass sheets into a piece of stainless steel.

[0018] In a second aspect, a method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oil includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Place the erosion-induced channel screen in the main body for fixation, with the inlet end and the outlet end corresponding to the inlet end and the outlet end of the two-dimensional visualization erosion channel model respectively, and use pipelines to connect the model main body with the circulation channels in the two-dimensional visualization erosion channel model;

[0020] Step 2: According to the volume of the cavity of the two-dimensional visualization erosion channel model, measure an appropriate amount of quartz sand, and divide the quartz sand into two parts according to the designed inner and outer volumes of the erosion-induced channel. The first part is mixed with a large amount of heavy oil and stirred evenly to obtain high-saturation heavy oil sand; the second part is mixed with a small amount of heavy oil and formation water and stirred evenly to obtain low-saturation heavy oil and formation water mixed sand;

[0021] Step 3: Carry out differential saturation filling in the model;

[0022] Step 4: Turn on the water bath heating and insulation circulation system, heat and insulate the model through water bath circulation, collect the temperatures of each monitoring point through the temperature acquisition system, and after the temperature is constant, turn on the steam generator and the displacement pump to carry out steam flooding, and observe the changes of the erosion channel during the steam flooding process.

[0023] Preferably, in Step 2, the volume ratio of the first part of heavy oil to quartz sand is 0.2 - 0.5.

[0024] Preferably, in Step 2, the volume ratio of the second part of heavy oil to formation water is 0.5 - 0.8, and the volume ratio of the oil-water mixture to quartz sand is 0.2 - 0.5.

[0025] Preferably, in the third step, the filling of different saturations includes: filling the high-saturation heavy oil sand outside the induced channel screen of the two-dimensional visual erosion channel model, and filling the low-saturation heavy oil mixed with formation water and sand inside the induced channel screen of the two-dimensional visual erosion channel model.

[0026] Preferably, during the filling process in the third step, a small amount of oil sand is added to the cavity each time. After compacting the quartz sand with a wooden board, more oil sand is continued to be filled until the thickness of the oil sand in the entire cavity slightly exceeds the cavity, and finally the upper surface of the oil sand is leveled.

[0027] Preferably, after the upper surface of the oil sand is leveled, there are grooves on the contact surface between the main body and the cover plate. Sealant is applied in the grooves, the sealing ring is pressed into the grooves, and then the cover plate is pressed on the main body. Bolts are used to connect the main body and the cover plate so that the cover plate can be in full contact with the oil sand.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] In the present invention, a two-dimensional visual large flat plate model is adopted, and through a special sand filling method, the erosion channels after steam channeling in the steam drive of extra-heavy and super-heavy oils are simulated, so as to study the expansion law of the erosion channels in the steam drive of extra-heavy and super-heavy oils. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic connection diagram of the physical simulation model of the erosion channels in the steam drive of extra-heavy and super-heavy oils in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the two-dimensional visual erosion channel model in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Side view of the two-dimensional visual erosion channel model in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Top view of the two-dimensional visual erosion channel model in the present invention;

[0034] Reference numerals: 101, distilled water; 102, displacement pump; 103, steam generator; 104, one-way valve; 105, two-dimensional visual model; 106, collection container; 107, temperature acquisition system; 108, water bath circulation system; 201, injection port; 202, production port; 203, steam; 204, screen; 205, low oil saturation mixed sand area; 206, high oil saturation oil sand area; 301, glass sheet; 302, bolt; 303, cover plate; 304, main body; 305, cavity; 306, water bath circulation channel; 307, sampling point and temperature measurement point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The following is combined with the attached Figures 1-4 drawings to further illustrate the specific implementation manners of a physical simulation model and a filling method for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil according to the present invention. The physical simulation model and the filling method for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil according to the present invention are not limited to the descriptions of the following embodiments.

[0036] Embodiment 1:

[0037] A physical simulation model for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, as Figure 1 shown, includes a two - dimensional visual erosion channel model 105, a steam generator 103, a displacement pump 102, and a temperature acquisition system 107.

[0038] The inlet end 201 of the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model is connected to the steam generator 103 and the displacement pump 102, the outlet end 202 is connected to the collection container 106, and the model measurement point 307 is connected to the temperature acquisition system 107. The inlet end of the displacement pump 102 is connected to the distilled water 101, and the outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the steam generator 103. The temperature acquisition system 107 is connected to the outlet end of the steam generator 103 and the temperature measurement point 307 of the two - dimensional visual model, and is used to monitor the steam temperature at the outlet end of the steam generator and the temperature at the measurement point of the two - dimensional visual model.

[0039] Among them, the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model 105 includes a main body 304, a cover plate 303, an erosion - induced channel sieve 204, and sampling points and temperature measurement points 307; the main body 304 and the cover plate 303 are connected by bolts 302, a rectangular cavity 305 is formed between the main body 304 and the cover plate 303, the injection port 201 and the production outlet 202 are respectively at two diagonals of the cavity, and the sampling points and temperature measurement points 307 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the cavity for temperature measurement and sampling of liquid samples.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] A physical simulation model for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, with other structures similar to those in Embodiment 1. Further, the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model is filled by the differential saturation method.

[0042] Embodiment 3:

[0043] A physical simulation model for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, with other structures similar to those in Embodiment 1. Further, the distilled water enters the steam generator through the displacement pump to generate steam.

[0044] Embodiment 4:

[0045] A physical simulation model for an erosion channel in steam flooding of extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, with other structures similar to those in Embodiment 1. Further, the steam temperature in the steam generator is 100 °C.

[0046] Example 5:

[0047] A physical simulation model for the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Other structures are similar to those in Example 1. Further, the steam temperature in the steam generator is 200 °C.

[0048] Example 6:

[0049] A physical simulation model for the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Other structures are similar to those in Example 1. Further, the steam temperature in the steam generator is 300 °C.

[0050] Example 7:

[0051] A physical simulation model for the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Other structures are similar to those in Example 1. Further, the main body 304 is made of stainless steel.

[0052] Example 8:

[0053] A physical simulation model for the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Other structures are similar to those in Example 1. Further, the erosion - induced channel screen 204 is processed from a steel screen.

[0054] Example 9:

[0055] A physical simulation model for the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil. Other structures are similar to those in Example 1. Further, the cover plate 303 is made by embedding four glass sheets 301 into a piece of stainless steel.

[0056] Example 10:

[0057] A method for filling a physical simulation model of the erosion channel of steam flooding in extra - heavy and super - heavy oil, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Place the induced channel screen 204 in the main body 304 for fixation, with the inlet end and the outlet end corresponding to the inlet end 201 and the outlet end 202 of the two - dimensional visualization erosion channel model respectively, and use pipelines to connect the model main body 304 with the circulation channel 306 in the two - dimensional visualization erosion channel model;

[0059] Step 2: According to the cavity volume of the two - dimensional visualization erosion channel model, measure an appropriate amount of quartz sand. Divide the quartz sand into two parts according to the designed inner and outer volumes of the erosion - induced channel. Add a large amount of heavy oil to the first part and stir evenly to obtain high - saturation heavy - oil sand; add a small amount of heavy oil and formation water to the second part and stir evenly to obtain low - saturation heavy - oil and formation - water mixed sand;

[0060] Step 3: Conduct differential saturation filling in the model;

[0061] Step 4: Turn on the water bath heating and insulation circulation system 108, heat and insulate through water bath circulation, collect the temperatures of each monitoring point through the temperature acquisition system 107, and after the temperature is constant, turn on the steam generator 103 and the displacement pump 102 to carry out steam flooding, and observe the changes in the erosion channels during the steam flooding process.

[0062] Example 11:

[0063] A method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oils. Other steps are similar to those in Example 10. Further, in Step 2, the volume ratio of the first portion of heavy oil to quartz sand is 0.2 - 0.5.

[0064] Example 12:

[0065] A method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oils. Other steps are similar to those in Example 10. Further, in Step 2, the volume ratio of the second portion of heavy oil to formation water is 0.5 - 0.8, and the volume ratio of the oil - water mixture to quartz sand is 0.2 - 0.5.

[0066] Example 13:

[0067] A method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oils. Other steps are similar to those in Example 10. Further, in Step 3, filling with different saturations includes: filling the high - saturation heavy - oil - sand 206 outside the induced - channel screen 204 of the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model, and filling the low - saturation heavy - oil and formation - water - mixed sand 205 inside the induced - channel screen 204 of the two - dimensional visual erosion channel model.

[0068] Example 14:

[0069] A method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oils. Other steps are similar to those in Example 10. Further, during the filling process in Step 3, each time a small amount of oil - sand is added to the cavity, after using a wooden board to compact the quartz sand, then continue to fill the oil - sand until the thickness of the oil - sand in the entire cavity slightly exceeds the cavity, and finally level the upper surface of the oil - sand.

[0070] Example 15:

[0071] A method for filling a physical simulation model of an erosion channel for steam flooding of special and extra heavy oils. Other steps are similar to those in Example 10. Further, after the upper surface of the oil - sand is leveled, there is a groove on the contact surface between the main body 304 and the cover plate 303. Apply sealant in the groove, press the sealing ring into the groove, then press the cover plate 303 on the main body 304, and use bolts 302 to connect the main body 304 and the cover plate 303 so that the cover plate can be in full contact with the oil - sand.

[0072] It should be noted specifically that:

[0073] In specific embodiments, the physical simulation model of the erosion channel for steam flooding of extra-heavy and super-heavy oil uses quartz sands with mesh sizes of 40, 80, and 120, and is filled with heavy oils having viscosities of 10000 mPa·s, 20000 mPa·s, 50000 mPa·s, and 100000 mPa·s. The oil saturation of the high-saturation heavy oil sand is 100%, and the oil saturations of the low-saturation heavy oil mixed with formation water and sand are 20%, 30%, and 40%. The temperatures of the steam generator and the water bath system in circulation are set at 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C, and the displacement pump performs displacement at injection rates of 10 mL / min, 20 mL / min, and 50 mL / min.

[0074] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation model of the erosion channel of super-heavy and extra-heavy oil steam flooding, characterized by: It includes a two-dimensional visual erosion channel model, a steam generator, a displacement pump and a temperature acquisition system.

2. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model is connected to the steam generator and the displacement pump, the outlet end is connected to the collection container, and the model measuring point is connected to the temperature collection system.

3. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model is filled in using the differential saturation method.

4. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the displacement pump is connected to the distilled water, and the outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the steam generator.

5. The physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distilled water enters the steam generator through a displacement pump to generate steam.

6. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steam temperature in the steam generator is 100°C to 300°C.

7. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature acquisition system is connected to the outlet end of the steam generator and the temperature measuring point of the two-dimensional visualization model, and is used to monitor the steam temperature at the outlet end of the steam generator and the temperature of the measuring point of the two-dimensional visualization model.

8. The physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model includes a main body, a cover plate, an erosion induction channel screen, sampling points and temperature measurement points; The main body and the cover plate are connected by bolts; a rectangular cavity is formed between the main body and the cover plate, and the two diagonals of the cavity are respectively an injection port and a sampling port; the sampling points and the temperature measuring points are evenly distributed at the bottom of the cavity for temperature measurement and sampling of liquid samples.

9. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main body is made of stainless steel.

10. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The erosion induction channel screen is made of a steel screen.

11. A physical simulation model of the extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cover plate is made of a piece of stainless steel embedded with four glass sheets.

12. A method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Place the erosion induction channel screen in the main body and fix it, with the inlet and outlet ends corresponding to the inlet and outlet ends of the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model respectively, and use pipelines to connect the model main body with the circulation channel in the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model; Step 2: According to the cavity volume of the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model, measure an appropriate amount of quartz sand, and divide the quartz sand into two parts according to the designed inner and outer volumes of the erosion induction channel. Add a large amount of heavy oil to the first part and stir it evenly to obtain high-saturation heavy oil sand; add a small amount of heavy oil and formation water to the second part and stir it evenly to obtain low-saturation heavy oil and formation water mixed sand; Step 3: Fill in the difference saturation in the model; Step 4: Turn on the water bath heating and insulation circulation system, heat and insulate the model through water bath circulation, collect the temperature of each monitoring point through the temperature acquisition system, and after the temperature is constant, turn on the steam generator and displacement pump to carry out steam drive and observe the changes in the erosion channel during the steam drive process.

13. A method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the step 2, the volume ratio of the first portion of heavy oil to quartz sand is 0.2 to 0.

5.

14. The method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the step 2, the volume ratio of the second portion of heavy oil to formation water is 0.5-0.8, and the volume ratio of the oil-water mixture to quartz sand is 0.2-0.

5.

15. The method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the step three, the differential saturation filling includes: filling the high saturation heavy oil sand on the outside of the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model induction channel screen, and filling the low saturation heavy oil and formation water mixed sand on the inside of the two-dimensional visualized erosion channel model induction channel screen.

16. The method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 12, characterized in that: In step three, during the filling process, a small amount of oil sand is added into the cavity each time, and after compacting the quartz sand with a wooden board, the oil sand is continued to be filled until the thickness of the oil sand in the entire cavity slightly exceeds the cavity, and finally the upper surface of the oil sand is smoothed.

17. A method for filling in a physical simulation model of an extra-heavy oil steam flooding erosion channel according to claim 16, characterized in that: After the upper surface of the oil sand is smoothed, there is a groove on the contact surface between the main body and the cover plate. Apply sealant in the groove, press the sealing ring into the groove, and then press the cover plate onto the main body. Use bolts to connect the main body and the cover plate so that the cover plate can be in full contact with the oil sand.

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