High-quality and high-yield gold ear culture medium for shortening cultivation period, preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a high-quality and high-yield gold ear culture medium with shortened cultivation period, a preparation method and application, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. fermentation of red yeast: a fermentation culture medium is prepared, the fermentation culture medium comprises the following components: tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, 6-benzyl purine, alpha-lipoic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and glucose; red yeast is inoculated, the culture temperature is 28-32 DEG C, the culture time is 4-5 days, and blue light is irradiated for 4-6 hours every 24 hours during liquid fermentation; S2. after the fermentation is completed, the fermentation product is subjected to high-pressure homogenization; S3. the high-pressure homogenized fermentation product is diluted with water in proportion, and is used to replace water for preparing a cultivation substrate of gold ear. The application realizes a significant breakthrough in shortening the cultivation period of gold ear and improving the content of active ingredients by the combination of the application of red yeast fermentation product, blue light stimulation and high-pressure homogenization technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation technology, specifically to a high-quality, high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium that shortens the cultivation cycle, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Golden ear fungus is a valuable fungus used in both medicine and food, possessing excellent nutritional and health benefits. Its fruiting body is golden in color, glossy and appealing, and has a soft, chewy texture, making it highly popular with consumers. The fruiting body is rich in polysaccharides and carotenoids, and the color change of the golden ear fungus is crucial to its quality.

[0003] Carotenoids are a class of terpenoid compounds synthesized by higher plants and microorganisms, and are among the most common pigments in nature. They possess antioxidant properties, enhance immune responses, prevent cardiovascular disease, and have anti-cancer effects, and are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and animal feed industries. The carotenoid market is enormous and has high commercial value.

[0004] Yeast cells are rich in nutrients, with protein content reaching 45-55% of the dry matter, and are rich in all eight essential amino acids. The content of functional polysaccharides is as high as 40-50%, and it is also rich in vitamins and minerals. In addition, yeast contains abundant nucleic acids, accounting for approximately 3-8%. The rich nutritional value and non-toxic nature of yeast make it a promising candidate for applications in the food and feed industries.

[0005] Red yeast is a type of yeast that produces pigments and is widely found in nature. Its most prominent characteristic is the presence of single-cell lipid droplets containing carotenoids. Red yeast can be used to produce carotenoids, offering advantages such as a short production cycle, environmental friendliness, and ease of cultivation. It is a promising platform microorganism with broad potential applications in food processing, beverage production, and other related fields.

[0006] A search revealed that Chinese patent document CN1278597C discloses a method for preparing auricularia auricula-judae cultivar, which involves independently culturing Auricularia auricula-judae and the associated fungus Mycorrhizalis, and then mixing the two to improve the fruiting rate and yield.

[0007] Chinese patent document CN1278598C discloses a method for producing food and food additives by fermenting *Auricularia auricula-judae* yeast spores, mainly utilizing *Auricularia auricula-judae* yeast spores for deep fermentation to produce food and food additives.

[0008] Agents, especially polysaccharide extracts.

[0009] According to the search and analysis, the existing technologies for the cultivation of Auricularia auricula-judae, including CN1278597C and CN1278598C, do not involve the application of red yeast or its metabolites, nor do they involve light regulation methods. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of this, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to propose a high-quality and high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium, preparation method and application that shortens the cultivation cycle. This invention has achieved a significant breakthrough in shortening the cultivation cycle of auricularia auricula-judae and increasing the content of active ingredients.

[0011] The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0012] The present invention discloses a method for preparing a high-quality and high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium that shortens the cultivation cycle, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Fermentation of red yeast: Prepare a fermentation medium containing the following components: tryptone 18-22 g / L, yeast extract 4-6 g / L, sodium chloride 4-6 g / L, 6-benzylpurine 13-17 mg / L, α-lipoic acid 18-22 mg / L, vitamin B1 8-12 mg / L, vitamin B6 8-12 mg / L, potassium chloride 3-6 g / L, magnesium chloride 8-10 g / L, glucose 34-38 g / L, pH 7.0; inoculate with red yeast, culture at 28-32℃ for 4-5 days, and irradiate with blue light for 4-6 hours every 24 hours during liquid fermentation;

[0014] S2. After fermentation, the fermentation product is homogenized under high pressure;

[0015] S3. Dilute the high-pressure homogenized fermentation product with water in a certain proportion and use it to prepare the cultivation substrate for golden ear fungus instead of water.

[0016] Further, in step S1, the fermentation medium contains the following components: 20 g / L tryptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, 5 g / L sodium chloride, 15 mg / L 6-benzylpurine, 20 mg / L α-lipoic acid, 10 mg / L vitamin B1, 10 mg / L vitamin B6, 5 g / L potassium chloride, 9.5 g / L magnesium chloride, and 36 g / L glucose.

[0017] Further, in step S2, the fermentation product from step S1 is subjected to high-pressure homogenization at a pressure of 50-70 MPa, and the homogenization is repeated 2-3 times to obtain a homogenized liquid.

[0018] Further, in step S3, the homogenized liquid is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:4-10 to replace water in preparing the auricularia auricula cultivation substrate.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, the patient is irradiated with blue light of intensity 1000 LX for 4-6 hours every 24 hours.

[0020] The present invention provides a culture medium for *Auricularia auricula-judae*, comprising the following components by weight: 60% cottonseed hulls, 18% sawdust, 8% wheat bran, 2% gypsum, 2% corn flour, and 10% diluted homogenized solution; wherein the diluted homogenized solution is prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0021] The application of the aforementioned auricularia auricula culture medium in auricularia auricula cultivation according to the present invention.

[0022] Further, the auricularia auricula-judae culture medium is sterilized and then loaded into a mushroom log, which is then inoculated with auricularia auricula-judae spawn for cultivation.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) The fermentation products of red yeast are rich in nutrients, with protein content reaching 45-55% of the yeast dry matter content, and rich in the eight essential amino acids. The content of functional polysaccharides is as high as 40-50%, and the content of vitamins and minerals is also very rich. In addition, yeast also contains abundant nucleic acid substances, accounting for about 3-8%, which can provide good nutrients for the growth of golden ear fungus. Promoting the growth of golden ear fungus mycelium and fruiting body can significantly accelerate the growth of golden ear fungus mycelium and golden ear fungus fruiting bodies in golden ear fungus bags, and the golden ear fungus fruiting bodies can be harvested in 45-50 days, greatly shortening the entire growth cycle of golden ear fungus. Compared with the current golden ear fungus factory cultivation method, the growth period can be shortened by 8-10 days; it can greatly reduce the production cost and management cost of golden ear fungus factory cultivation, and significantly improve economic benefits.

[0025] (2) The fermentation products of red yeast are stimulated by blue light, which is conducive to the production of carotenoids. Moreover, blue light also stimulates the synthesis pathway of carotenoids in red yeast, which is conducive to further increasing the yield of carotenoids and can provide good conditions for the production of carotenoids in golden ear fungus.

[0026] (3) 6-benzylpurine, α-lipoic acid, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in the red yeast fermentation medium can promote the growth and development of auricularia auricula mycelium, thus improving the yield and quality of auricularia auricula.

[0027] (4) This invention is simple, efficient, easy to implement, and easy to promote and use.

[0028] In summary, this invention achieves significant breakthroughs in shortening the cultivation cycle and increasing the content of active ingredients in *Auricularia auricula-judae* by combining the application of red yeast fermentation products, blue light stimulation, and high-pressure homogenization. Firstly, it is the first time that red yeast fermentation broth has been used as a core nutrient supplement for the *Auricularia auricula-judae* culture medium, providing high levels of protein, amino acids, and functional polysaccharides. Secondly, by stimulating the carotenoid synthesis pathway of red yeast with blue light, the content of active ingredients in the fruiting bodies of *Auricularia auricula-judae* is significantly increased. Thirdly, high-pressure homogenization releases intracellular nutrients from red yeast, improving the nutrient utilization rate of the culture medium and accelerating mycelial growth. As a result, the cultivation cycle can be shortened to 46 days (compared to 58 days using traditional methods), the carotenoid content can be increased to 167.3 μg / g (compared to only 56.4 μg / g using traditional methods), and the weight of a single fruiting body can be increased to 178.3 g, offering advantages in both efficiency and quality. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments. However, the uses and purposes of these exemplary embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the actual protection scope of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention to these embodiments. Comparative Example 1

[0030] The cultivation substrate formula is as follows: 60wt% cottonseed hulls, 18wt% sawdust, 8wt% wheat bran, 2wt% gypsum, 2wt% corn flour, and 10wt% water.

[0031] Cultivation Management: Use an automatic bagging machine to fill the cultivation substrate into bags, seal the bags, and place them in high-temperature resistant plastic crates. After bagging, the substrate forms mycelium logs. Sterilize the logs and cool them to approximately 30°C. Inoculate with *Auricularia auricula-judae* spawn, using an inoculation needle to inject 3-5 mL into each well. After inoculation, place the bags in a mycelium incubation room. Maintain the incubation temperature at approximately 22°C for 1-5 days after inoculation. After 5 days, control the temperature at 21°C. Increase ventilation from days 10-15. After day 15, punch holes for ventilation. When the film inside the inoculation well forms ear-like protrusions, promptly move the bags to the fruiting area, arranging them horizontally on the fruiting bed, preferably in 3 rows per bed, with the inoculation wells facing upwards. Space the bags 2-3 cm apart, lower the temperature to 20-22°C, and set the humidity to 80%-85%. When the young ear reaches 2 cm in length, make a 1 cm circumferential cut around the ear opening to enlarge the diameter of the opening to 4 cm. Control the temperature to 20℃~22℃ and the relative humidity to 85%~95%, and increase ventilation for 30 minutes each time. When the young ears grow to more than 6 cm, turn on the lights, raise the temperature to 22℃~25℃, the relative humidity to 85%~95%, and increase the ventilation. In 3-5 days, the fruiting bodies will turn into a bright orange-yellow color. Example 1

[0032] The fermentation of red yeast involved a culture medium containing: 20 g / L tryptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, 5 g / L sodium chloride, 15 mg / L 6-benzylpurine, 20 mg / L α-lipoic acid, 10 mg / L vitamin B1, 10 mg / L vitamin B6, 5 g / L potassium chloride, 9.5 g / L magnesium chloride, 36 g / L glucose, pH 7.0, a culture temperature of 28℃, and a culture time of 4 days. During liquid fermentation, the product was irradiated with blue light for 4 hours every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermentation product was homogenized twice under high pressure at 50 MPa. The homogenized product was then diluted with water at a ratio of 1:4 to obtain a diluted homogenate, which was used instead of water to prepare the cultivation substrate for *Auricularia auricula-judae*.

[0033] The cultivation substrate formula is as follows: 60wt% cottonseed hulls, 18wt% sawdust, 8wt% wheat bran, 2wt% gypsum, 2wt% corn flour, and 10wt% diluted homogenized solution.

[0034] Subsequent cultivation and management are as in Comparative Example 1. Example 2

[0035] The red yeast fermentation medium was the same as in Example 1, with a fermentation temperature of 30℃ and a culture period of 4 days, followed by 6 hours of blue light irradiation every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermentation product was homogenized three times under high pressure at 60 MPa. The homogenized fermentation product was then diluted with water at a ratio of 1:6 and used to prepare the cultivation substrate for *Auricularia auricula-judae*. Subsequent cultivation management was the same as in Comparative Example 1. Example 3

[0036] The red yeast fermentation medium was the same as in Example 2, with a fermentation temperature of 30℃ and a culture period of 5 days, followed by 8 hours of blue light irradiation every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermentation product was homogenized twice under high pressure at 70 MPa. The homogenized fermentation product was then diluted with water at a ratio of 1:8 and used to prepare the cultivation substrate for *Auricularia auricula-judae*. Subsequent cultivation management was the same as in Comparative Example 1. Example 4

[0037] The red yeast fermentation medium was the same as in Example 2, with a fermentation temperature of 32℃ and a culture period of 4 days, followed by 7 hours of blue light irradiation every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermentation product was homogenized three times under high pressure at 60 MPa. The homogenized fermentation product was then diluted with water at a ratio of 1:10 and used to prepare the cultivation substrate for *Auricularia auricula-judae*. Subsequent cultivation management was the same as in Comparative Example 1.

[0038] The cultivation effects of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-4 are compared in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1

[0040] Time to fill the bag (d) Culture cycle (d) Weight of a single flower (g) Ear output rate (%) Carotenoid content (α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, phytolycopene) μg / g Comparative Example 1 36 58 161.5 96.3 56.4 Example 1 32 52 174.3 97.4 79.8 Example 2 28 46 178.3 95.8 167.3 Example 3 29 48 175.2 96.9 127.5 Example 4 33 54 169.3 98.7 99.6

[0041] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-quality, high-yield culture medium for *Auricularia auricula-judae* that shortens the cultivation cycle, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Fermentation of red yeast: Prepare a fermentation medium containing the following components: tryptone 18-22 g / L, yeast extract 4-6 g / L, sodium chloride 4-6 g / L, 6-benzylpurine 13-17 mg / L, α-lipoic acid 18-22 mg / L, vitamin B1 8-12 mg / L, vitamin B6 8-12 mg / L, potassium chloride 3-6 g / L, magnesium chloride 8-10 g / L, glucose 34-38 g / L, pH 7.0; inoculate with red yeast, culture at 28-32℃ for 4-5 days, and irradiate with blue light for 4-6 hours every 24 hours during liquid fermentation; S2. After fermentation, the fermentation product is homogenized under high pressure; S3. Dilute the high-pressure homogenized fermentation product with water in a certain proportion and use it to prepare the cultivation substrate for golden ear fungus instead of water.

2. The method for preparing a high-quality, high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium with a shortened cultivation cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the fermentation medium contains the following components: 20 g / L tryptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, 5 g / L sodium chloride, 15 mg / L 6-benzylpurine, 20 mg / L α-lipoic acid, 10 mg / L vitamin B1, 10 mg / L vitamin B6, 5 g / L potassium chloride, 9.5 g / L magnesium chloride, and 36 g / L glucose.

3. The method for preparing a high-quality, high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium with a shortened cultivation cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the fermentation product from step S1 is subjected to high-pressure homogenization at a pressure of 50-70 MPa, and the homogenization is repeated 2-3 times to obtain a homogenized liquid.

4. The method for preparing a high-quality, high-yield auricularia auricula-judae culture medium with a shortened cultivation cycle according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the homogenized liquid is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:4-10 to replace water in the preparation of the auricularia auricula cultivation substrate.

5. A culture medium for *Auricularia auricula-judae*, characterized in that, The components are as follows by weight: 60% cottonseed hulls, 18% sawdust, 8% wheat bran, 2% gypsum, 2% corn flour, and 10% diluted homogenized liquid; wherein the diluted homogenized liquid is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The application of the auricularia auricula culture medium according to claim 5 in auricularia auricula cultivation.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, After sterilizing the aforementioned auricularia auricula culture medium, the medium is loaded into mushroom sticks, and then the mushroom sticks are inoculated with auricularia auricula var. ...