Giant wheel middle section expanding equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wheel machining, and discloses giant wheel middle section expanding equipment which comprises a rack, a feeding and taking component and an expanding die are arranged on the rack, the expanding die comprises a rotating seat rotationally installed on the rack, and an expanding unit is installed on the rotating seat; each expanding unit comprises a base slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rotating seat in the radial direction of the rotating shaft, expanding blocks are arranged on the upper surface of each base, the expanding blocks in the multiple expanding units are attached to one another at the beginning, and the multiple expanding blocks form a complete expanding column; the outer surface of the expansion column is cylindrical, the inner surface of the expansion column is in a circular truncated cone shape with the diameter gradually increased from bottom to top, a gap exists between the bases of every two adjacent expansion units, the expansion column is coaxial with the rotating shaft, the expansion mold further comprises an expansion cone coaxially located in the expansion column, and the expansion cone is in a circular truncated cone shape with the diameter gradually increased from bottom to top. The outer surface of the expansion cone is attached to the inner surface of the expansion column.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of wheel processing, and in particular to a giant wheel middle section expansion device. Background Art

[0002] When processing the rims of large, rectangular wheels, expansion equipment is used. For example, the Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN114029419B discloses a split-flap agricultural machinery rim expansion mold. Although it can ensure the roundness of the rim, it can also facilitate feeding and removing materials from the mold, which can effectively improve the production efficiency of the product. According to the description of its production process, it is through the cooperation of the split-flap upper module and the split-flap lower module that the rim is expanded. Therefore, during the feeding process, it is necessary to ensure that the rim to be expanded and the mold are coaxially arranged, so that the final expanded rim can be circular. If the coaxiality accuracy exists If the error is too large, the expanded rim will not be a circular shape and the product will be unqualified. Because it is necessary to adjust the distance between the material blocks according to the diameter of the wheel rim, the upper die is controlled to move upward after the rim is clamped, and then it is controlled to move downward after it is moved horizontally to the top of the lower die, and the rim is placed on the lower die and supported by the lower die. During this process, the rim to be expanded undergoes several moving actions before the feeding is completed. Inevitably, there will be some movement errors in these moving actions. When accumulated over a long period of use, it is easy to exceed the allowable error range, which may cause deviations in the coaxiality between the rim and the die, and ultimately affect the final expansion result.

[0003] Based on the above, the present invention proposes a giant wheel middle section expansion device. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the above background, the present invention provides a giant wheel middle section expansion device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] A giant wheel middle section expansion device comprises a frame, a material feeding component and an expansion mold are arranged on the frame, the expansion mold comprises a rotating seat rotatably mounted on the frame, and a rotating shaft formed at the mounting position is arranged vertically, an expansion unit is installed on the rotating seat, and a plurality of expansion units are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft;

[0007] The expansion unit includes a base slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rotating seat along the radial direction of the rotating shaft, and an expansion block is arranged on the upper surface of the base. Initially, the expansion blocks in a plurality of expansion units fit each other, and a plurality of expansion blocks form a complete expansion column, the outer surface of the expansion column is cylindrical and the inner surface is a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top, there is a gap between the bases of two adjacent expansion units, and the expansion column is coaxial with the rotating shaft;

[0008] The expansion mold also includes an expansion cone coaxially located in the expansion column. The expansion cone is in the shape of a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top, and the outer surface of the expansion cone fits with the inner surface of the expansion column.

[0009] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, a hydraulic motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on the frame.

[0010] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, a spring is arranged between the base and the rotating seat, and the elastic force of the spring is used to drive the base to move close to the axis center line of the rotating shaft.

[0011] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, the base and the expansion block are detachably connected.

[0012] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the frame, the movement direction of the hydraulic cylinder is arranged vertically, an expansion shaft is coaxially arranged on the expansion cone, and the lower end of the expansion shaft passes through the rotating shaft and is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, the working process of the expansion mold includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: The expansion cone is pulled downward by a hydraulic cylinder to move a preset distance. The downward movement of the expansion cone causes several expansion blocks constituting the expansion column to move synchronously away from the axis of the rotating shaft, and the first expansion of the rim is achieved through the expansion blocks. In this process, the part of the rim located between two adjacent expansion blocks is called the deformation zone, and the deformation zone is deformed;

[0015] Step 2: The hydraulic cylinder moves the expansion cone upward, and the expansion block no longer contacts the rim. The hydraulic motor drives the rotating seat to rotate, so that the deformation zone formed in step 1 faces the expansion block.

[0016] Step 3: The hydraulic cylinder pulls the expansion cone downward again to achieve the second expansion of the rim;

[0017] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 to 3 until the rim is expanded.

[0018] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, the feeding and taking component includes a vertically arranged rotating column and a first motor for driving the rotating column to rotate, a slide seat is slidably arranged on the rotating column along the vertical direction, and a linear module for driving the slide seat to move is also arranged on the rotating column;

[0019] A connecting bracket is provided on one side of the slide seat, and a fixing ring with a vertical axis is provided on the connecting bracket. During the rotation of the rotating column, the fixing ring can be made coaxial with the rotating axis, a rotating ring is coaxially mounted on the fixing ring, and a second motor is provided on the connecting bracket for driving the rotating ring to rotate;

[0020] A support is radially slidably arranged on the fixed ring, and a plurality of supports are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring.

[0021] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, a linkage pin extends from the support, and a linkage hole is provided on the rotating ring. The linkage hole and the linkage pin form a sliding guide cooperation. When the rotating ring rotates, the support can be driven to move closer to or away from the axis center line of the fixed ring through the cooperation between the linkage hole and the linkage pin.

[0022] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, a convex plate extends from the upper surface of the support, the convex plate is located inside the fixing ring, and the side of the convex plate facing the axis of the fixing ring is set to an arc shape.

[0023] As a further improvement and optimization of the present invention, a sensor for monitoring the rotation angle of the rotating ring is provided on the connecting bracket.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] In the prior art, the expansion cone is generally pulled down directly by a hydraulic cylinder to complete the expansion in one step, which will cause a large deformation of the deformation zone. In contrast, in this solution, the total deformation zone is divided into several parts, which are distributed one by one at various positions of the rim. Therefore, the deformation of the deformation zone is small, and the quality of the expansion result is better. On this basis, the feed member cooperates with the expansion die, which can also play the following roles:

[0026] 1. It should be noted that in this solution, the second motor is not a servo motor. Therefore, during the expansion action, when the rim is expanded, the convex plate will be pushed to move outward, and the convex plate will not have a negative impact on the expansion of the rim. The convex plate plays the role of supporting the rim from the outside. The advantage is that when the rotating seat is driven to rotate by the hydraulic motor, the rim can be kept stationary, so as to avoid the rim being rotated when the rotating seat rotates under the influence of the friction between the base and the rim, thereby affecting the misalignment of the deformation zone and the expansion block. Even if the expansion is repeated multiple times in this solution, the purpose of dividing the total deformation zone into several parts and allocating them one by one at various positions of the rim can be successfully achieved;

[0027] Furthermore, since a certain amount of force is required to move the support through the cooperation of the linkage hole and the linkage pin, during the process of pulling the rim by the feeding component, it is difficult for the support to move. That is, the feeding component can smoothly pull the rim to move, and during the movement, it is difficult for the rim to shake and deviate.

[0028] 2. If, due to various factors, such as long-term operation of the equipment, improper program setting, etc., the coaxiality deviation occurs when the rim is sleeved outside the expansion mold, then in the first expansion action, in this case, the distance between the rim and a part of the expansion blocks will become smaller. When expanding, it is fed back to the support, which will cause the movement amount of the corresponding support to become larger, and thus cause the rotation angle of the rotating ring to become larger. Therefore, only by monitoring the rotation angle of the rotating ring through the existing sensor technology can the coaxiality between the rim and the expansion mold be self-checked. Also, since the final expansion of the rim is achieved through multiple expansions in this solution, during the first expansion action, the coaxiality self-check is realized. Even if there is a problem with the coaxiality, since the expansion is stopped in time, the expansion error of the rim is relatively small. After adjusting the coaxiality later, the expansion can still continue, reducing losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding component and the expansion mold;

[0032] Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of the feeding component Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 5 is a partial schematic view of the feeding component Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the expansion mold;

[0035] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the expansion mold;

[0036] Figure 8 is a partial schematic view of the expansion mold;

[0037] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the expansion unit;

[0038] Fig.10A cross-sectional view of the expansion unit.

[0039] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are:

[0040] 100, feeding and feeding component; 101, first motor; 102, rotating column; 103, linear module; 104, slide seat; 105, connecting bracket; 106, second motor; 107, fixing ring; 108, support; 109, convex plate; 110, linkage hole; 111, linkage pin; 112, first power transmission member; 200, expansion mold; 201, hydraulic motor; 202, second power transmission member; 203, hydraulic cylinder; 204, expansion shaft; 205, expansion cone; 206, rotating seat; 207, expansion unit; 2071, base; 2072, spring; 2073, expansion block; 2074, connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0042] In the attached drawings of this scheme, a refers to the wheel rim to be expanded.

[0043] Reference Figure 1-Figure 10 A giant wheel middle section expansion device includes a frame, on which a feed-in component 100 and an expansion mold 200 are arranged, wherein the feed-in component 100 is used to pull the wheel rim to be expanded to be coaxially sleeved on the outside of the expansion mold 200 or to pull the expanded wheel rim away from the expansion mold 200. During the expansion of the wheel rim, the feed-in component 100 can also play a role in detecting the initial coaxiality of the rim and the expansion mold 200. The expansion mold 200 is used to expand the rim.

[0044] 1. Expansion mold 200:

[0045] Reference Figure 6-Figure 10 The expansion mold 200 includes a rotating seat 206 rotatably mounted on a frame, and a rotating shaft formed at the mounting position is in the shape of a vertically arranged hollow shaft. The rotating shaft is connected to a hydraulic motor 201 arranged on the frame through a second power transmission member 202. The hydraulic motor 201 can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft rotates with the rotating seat 206.

[0046] An expansion unit 207 is installed on the rotating seat 206, and a plurality of expansion units 207 are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating axis.

[0047] Further, see Figure 8 and Fig. 9The expansion unit 207 includes a base 2071 which is arranged on the upper surface of the rotating seat 206 and slides radially along the rotating axis. A spring 2072 is arranged between the base 2071 and the rotating seat 206. The elastic force of the spring 2072 is used to drive the base 2071 to move close to the axis center line of the rotating axis. An expansion block 2073 is arranged on the upper surface of the base 2071. Preferably, the base 2071 and the expansion block 2073 are detachably connected. For example, a connecting rod 2074 is arranged on the base 2071, and a connecting hole is opened on the expansion block 2073. The expansion block 2073 is installed on the connecting rod 2074 through the connecting hole, and then the nut is screwed on to achieve fixation.

[0048] Initially, the expansion blocks 2073 in several expansion units 207 fit together, and several expansion blocks 2073 form a complete expansion column, the outer surface of the expansion column is cylindrical and the inner surface is a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top, there is a gap between the bases 2071 in two adjacent expansion units 207, and the expansion column is coaxial with the rotation axis.

[0049] The expansion mold 200 also includes an expansion cone 205 coaxially located in the expansion column. The expansion cone 205 is in the shape of a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top, and the outer surface of the expansion cone 205 fits with the inner surface of the expansion column.

[0050] A hydraulic cylinder 203 is arranged on the frame, and the movement direction of the hydraulic cylinder 203 is arranged vertically.

[0051] An expansion shaft 204 is coaxially arranged on the expansion cone 205, and the lower end of the expansion shaft 204 passes through the rotating shaft and is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 203; the expansion shaft 204 can be driven to move up or down by the hydraulic cylinder 203, thereby moving up or down with the expansion cone 205. When moving up, all the expansion blocks 2073 will move away from the axis of the rotating shaft synchronously. When moving downward, under the action of the spring 2072, all the expansion blocks 2073 will move close to the axis of the rotating shaft synchronously.

[0052] 2. Feeding and taking component 100:

[0053] Reference Figure 3-Figure 5 The feeding and taking component 100 includes a vertically arranged rotating column 102 and a first motor 101 for driving the rotating column 102 to rotate. A slide 104 is provided on the rotating column 102 for sliding in the vertical direction. The rotating column 102 is also provided with a linear module 103 for driving the slide 104 to move. The linear module 103 can be an existing electric telescopic rod technology or an existing screw linear motion technology, etc., which will not be elaborated.

[0054] A connecting bracket 105 is provided on one side of the slide 104, and a fixed ring 107 with a vertical axis is provided on the connecting bracket 105, a rotating ring is coaxially installed on the fixed ring 107, and a second motor 106 is provided on the connecting bracket 105. The second motor 106 and the rotating ring are poweredly connected via a first power transmission member 112, such as gear ring technology.

[0055] A support 108 is radially slidably provided on the fixed ring 107, a linkage pin 111 extends from the support 108, and a linkage hole 110 is provided on the rotating ring. The linkage hole 110 and the linkage pin 111 form a sliding guide. When the rotating ring rotates, the support 108 can be driven to move closer to or away from the axis of the fixed ring 107 through the cooperation between the linkage hole 110 and the linkage pin 111. In addition, when the first motor 101 drives the rotating column 102 to rotate, the fixed ring 107 can be made coaxial with the rotating axis.

[0056] A convex plate 109 extends from the upper surface of the support 108 . The convex plate 109 is located inside the fixing ring 107 . The convex plate 109 has an arc shape on one side facing the axis of the fixing ring 107 .

[0057] Working principle of the present invention:

[0058] The linear module 103 can pull the slide 104 upward, and the first motor 101 can drive the rotating column 102 to rotate. The cooperation of the two can make the fixed ring 107 be located just above the rim placed on the frame. Then, the fixed ring 107 moves downward, so that the support 108 is located below the rim. Then, the second motor 106 drives the support 108 to move close to the axis of the fixed ring 107. The linear module 103 pulls the slide 104 upward, so that the support 108 supports the rim. Then, the second motor 106 drives the support 108 to move close to the axis of the fixed ring 107 again, so that the convex plate 109 contacts the outer cylindrical surface of the rim, realizing the self-centering effect, that is, the rim is coaxial with the fixed ring 107 and clamped by the convex plate 109.

[0059] Then, through the cooperation between the linear module 103 and the first motor 101, the rim can be coaxially located outside the expansion column and the bottom of the rim is in contact with the upper surface of the base 2071;

[0060] Then the expansion process begins, specifically:

[0061] In this solution, the expansion of the rim is achieved by multiple expansion actions;

[0062] Step 1: First, the expansion cone 205 is pulled downward by the hydraulic cylinder 203. The downward movement of the expansion cone 205 will cause the expansion blocks 2073 constituting the expansion column to move synchronously away from the axis of the rotating shaft, and the expansion of the rim is realized by the expansion blocks 2073. In this process, the part of the rim located between two adjacent expansion blocks 2073 is called the deformation zone, and the deformation zone will deform;

[0063] Step 2: Then pause, the hydraulic cylinder 203 moves the expansion cone 205 upward slightly, the expansion block 2073 no longer contacts the rim, and the hydraulic motor 201 drives the rotating seat 206 to rotate, so that the deformation zone formed in the previous expansion step faces the expansion block 2073;

[0064] Step 3: Repeat step 1, the hydraulic cylinder 203 pulls the expansion cone 205 downward again, and a new deformation zone is formed;

[0065] Repeating this process to expand the rim has the following benefits:

[0066] In the prior art, the expansion cone is generally pulled down directly by a hydraulic cylinder to complete the expansion in one step, which will cause a large deformation of the deformation zone. In contrast, in this solution, the total deformation zone is divided into several parts, which are distributed one by one at various positions of the rim. Therefore, the deformation of the deformation zone is small, and the quality of the expansion result is better. On this basis, the feed member cooperates with the expansion die, which can also play the following roles:

[0067] 1. It should be noted that in this solution, the second motor is not a servo motor. Therefore, during the expansion action, when the rim is expanded, the convex plate will be pushed to move outward, and the convex plate will not have a negative impact on the expansion of the rim. The convex plate plays the role of supporting the rim from the outside. The advantage is that when the rotating seat is driven to rotate by the hydraulic motor, the rim can be kept stationary, so as to avoid the rim being rotated when the rotating seat rotates under the influence of the friction between the base and the rim, thereby affecting the misalignment of the deformation zone and the expansion block. Even if the expansion is repeated multiple times in this solution, the purpose of dividing the total deformation zone into several parts and allocating them one by one at various positions of the rim can be successfully achieved;

[0068] Furthermore, since a certain force is required to enable the support to move through the cooperation between the linkage hole and the linkage pin, the support is difficult to move during the process of the rim being pulled by the feed-feeding member, that is, the feed-feeding member can smoothly pull the rim to move and the rim is difficult to shake or deviate during the movement.

[0069] 2. If due to various factors, such as long-term operation of the equipment, improper program settings, etc., the coaxiality of the rim deviates when it is put on the outside of the expansion mold, then in the first expansion action, in this case, the distance between the rim and a part of the expansion block will become smaller, and feedback to the support during expansion will cause the corresponding support to move more, thereby causing the rotation angle of the rotating ring to increase. Therefore, it is only necessary to monitor the rotation angle of the rotating ring through existing sensor technology to self-check the coaxiality of the rim and the expansion mold. In addition, since the final expansion of the rim is achieved through multiple expansions in this scheme, the coaxiality self-check is achieved in the first expansion action. Even if there is a problem with the coaxiality, the expansion is stopped in time, so the error of the rim expansion is small. After the coaxiality is adjusted, the expansion can continue to reduce losses.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A giant wheel middle section expansion device, comprising a frame, characterized in that: A material feeding and taking component (100) and an expanding mold (200) are arranged on the frame, the expanding mold (200) comprises a rotating seat (206) rotatably mounted on the frame, and a rotating axis formed at the mounting position is arranged vertically, an expanding unit (207) is mounted on the rotating seat (206), and a plurality of expanding units (207) are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating axis; The expansion unit (207) comprises a base (2071) which is slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rotating seat (206) along the radial direction of the rotating shaft, and an expansion block (2073) is arranged on the upper surface of the base (2071). Initially, the expansion blocks (2073) in a plurality of expansion units (207) fit each other, and the plurality of expansion blocks (2073) form a complete expansion column, the outer surface of the expansion column is cylindrical and the inner surface is a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top, there is a gap between the bases (2071) in two adjacent expansion units (207), and the expansion column is coaxial with the rotating shaft; The expansion mold (200) further comprises an expansion cone (205) coaxially located inside the expansion column. The expansion cone (205) is in the shape of a truncated cone with a diameter increasing from bottom to top. The outer surface of the expansion cone (205) fits with the inner surface of the expansion column.

2. A giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a hydraulic motor (201) for driving the rotating shaft to rotate.

3. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A spring (2072) is provided between the base (2071) and the rotating base (206), and the elastic force of the spring (2072) is used to drive the base (2071) to move close to the axis center line of the rotating shaft.

4. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The base (2071) and the expansion block (2073) are detachably connected.

5. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, a hydraulic cylinder (203) is arranged on the frame, the movement direction of the hydraulic cylinder (203) is arranged vertically, an expansion shaft (204) is coaxially arranged on the expansion cone (205), and the lower end of the expansion shaft (204) passes through the rotating shaft and is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (203).

6. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The working process of the expansion mold (200) includes the following steps: Step 1: The expansion cone (205) is pulled downward by a preset distance by the hydraulic cylinder (203). The downward movement of the expansion cone (205) causes a plurality of expansion blocks (2073) constituting the expansion column to move synchronously away from the axis of the rotating shaft. The expansion blocks (2073) are used to achieve the first expansion of the rim. During this process, the portion of the rim between two adjacent expansion blocks (2073) is named a deformation zone, and the deformation zone is deformed. Step 2: The hydraulic cylinder (203) moves the expansion cone (205) upward, and the expansion block (2073) no longer contacts the rim. The hydraulic motor (201) drives the rotating seat (206) to rotate, so that the deformation zone formed in step 1 faces the expansion block (2073); Step 3: The hydraulic cylinder (203) pulls the expansion cone (205) downward again to achieve a second expansion of the rim; Step 4: Repeat steps 2 to 3 until the rim is expanded.

7. A giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The feeding and taking component (100) comprises a vertically arranged rotating column (102) and a first motor (101) for driving the rotating column (102) to rotate; a slide seat (104) is slidably arranged on the rotating column (102) in a vertical direction; and a linear module (103) is also arranged on the rotating column (102) for driving the slide seat (104) to move; A connecting bracket (105) is provided on one side of the slide seat (104), and a fixing ring (107) with a vertical axis is provided on the connecting bracket (105). When the rotating column (102) rotates, the fixing ring (107) can be coaxial with the rotating axis, and a rotating ring is coaxially mounted on the fixing ring (107). A second motor (106) is provided on the connecting bracket (105) for driving the rotating ring to rotate. A support (108) is radially slidably arranged on the fixed ring (107), and a plurality of supports (108) are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring.

8. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A linkage pin (111) extends from the support (108), and a linkage hole (110) is provided on the rotating ring. The linkage hole (110) and the linkage pin (111) form a sliding guide. When the rotating ring rotates, the support (108) can be driven to move closer to or away from the axis of the fixed ring (107) through the cooperation between the linkage hole (110) and the linkage pin (111).

9. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A convex plate (109) extends from the upper surface of the support (108), the convex plate (109) is located inside the fixing ring (107), and the side of the convex plate (109) facing the axis of the fixing ring (107) is set in an arc shape.

10. The giant wheel middle section expansion device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sensor for monitoring the rotation angle of the rotating ring is arranged on the connecting bracket (105).

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