Method for assembling photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and particularly relates to an assembling method of a photovoltaic system, which is suitable for a photovoltaic module with a mortise and tenon matching structure formed between a frame and purlines. The assembling method comprises the steps of installing purlines and laying photovoltaic modules, and the step of laying the photovoltaic modules comprises the operation of fixing a first frame and the operation of fixing a second frame until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid. The first frame and the tenon structure of the corresponding purline are inserted into the groove structure at a first included angle, then the photovoltaic module is rotated, and the operation of fixing the first frame is as follows: the second frame and the tenon structure of the corresponding purline are inserted into the groove structure at a second included angle, and then the corresponding purline is rotated, so that the first frame is fixed. And then the purline corresponding to the second frame is fixed to the supporting frame. The method is easy and fast to operate and convenient to disassemble.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and in particular to an assembly method of a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] In conventional photovoltaic modules, solar panels can be connected to purlins in a variety of ways. For example, a clamp is set on the top or bottom of the frame of the solar panel, and the clamp is fixed by bolts and nuts passing through the holes or slots on the purlins; another example is that the solar panel is directly fixed to the purlins by bolts and nuts passing through the prefabricated holes on the lower side of the frame and through the holes or slots on the purlins. However, the traditional assembly method involves many parts, the installation process is cumbersome, and it takes a lot of time. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to improve the problem that the installation process of traditional photovoltaic components is complicated and time-consuming, the present invention provides an assembly method of a photovoltaic system. The method mainly connects the solar panels to the purlins through the frame through two rotation operations, and the operation is simple and fast.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for assembling a photovoltaic system is provided, the photovoltaic system comprising a support frame, a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in sequence, and a plurality of purlins connecting the support frame and the plurality of photovoltaic modules, a first frame and a second frame are arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic modules, the first frame and the second frame respectively form a connecting component with the corresponding purlin, the connecting component comprises a synergistic tenon structure and a groove structure,

[0005] The assembly method comprises: a step of installing purlins and a step of repeatedly laying photovoltaic modules, wherein:

[0006] Installing the purlins includes: fixing the outermost purlin corresponding to the first frame on the support frame, and movably installing the remaining purlins on the support frame;

[0007] Laying out photovoltaic modules includes: fixing the first frame and fixing the second frame, wherein:

[0008] The operation of fixing the first frame includes: first controlling the tenon structure of the first frame to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin at a first angle α, or controlling the groove structure of the first frame so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin is inserted into the groove structure of the first frame at the first angle α, at which time, the plane B where the photovoltaic assembly is located and the plane A where the corresponding purlin is located form an angle of the first angle α; then rotating the photovoltaic assembly with the connecting component at the first frame as the center, controlling the photovoltaic assembly to move closer to the plane A, until the plane B where the photovoltaic assembly is located is parallel to the plane A, so that the first frame is engaged with the tenon structure and the groove structure of the corresponding purlin;

[0009] The operation of fixing the second frame includes: adjusting the position of the purlins corresponding to the second frame, first controlling the tenon structure of the second frame to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin at a second angle β, or controlling the groove structure of the second frame so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin is inserted into the groove structure of the second frame at the second angle β, at this time, the plane D where the corresponding purlin is located and the plane C where the photovoltaic component is located form an angle of the second angle β; then rotating the corresponding purlin with the connecting part at the second frame as the center, controlling the corresponding purlin to move toward the plane C until the plane D is parallel to the plane C, so that the second frame is engaged with the tenon structure and the groove structure of the corresponding purlin; next fixing the corresponding purlin of the second frame to the support frame.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first angle α and the second angle β are in a range of 5°-45°.

[0011] In some embodiments, the angle γ between the support frame and the horizontal plane is in the range of 0°-90°, and the tenon structure and the groove structure form interference contact at least in the up and down directions after being joined.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of installing the purlins includes:

[0013] All the purlins are arranged on the support frame corresponding to the photovoltaic components. In each row / column of the purlins, when the purlins corresponding to the first frame are located at the outermost side, the purlins located at the outermost side are fixedly arranged, and the remaining purlins are movably connected to the support frame. The movably arranged purlins can at least rotate relative to the photovoltaic components to meet the requirements of connecting the purlins with the second frame.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the purlins corresponding to the first frame and the second frame are located at the outermost sides, the cross-section of the outermost purlin is L-shaped, and the cross-sections of the remaining purlins are U-shaped.

[0015] In some embodiments, the purlin with a U-shaped cross section is a C-shaped purlin or a double inward-rolled U-shaped steel.

[0016] In some embodiments, a strip hole is provided at the bottom of the purlin, and bolts are passed through the strip hole to connect the purlin and the support frame; when the purlin is movably connected to the support frame, the bolts are in an untightened state.

[0017] In some embodiments, in the longitudinal direction of the purlin, each of the purlins is connected to at least one of the photovoltaic modules.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the longitudinal direction of the purlin, in the longitudinal direction of the purlin, two ends formed by all the first frames and / or second frames corresponding to each of the purlins extend beyond the two ends of the purlin.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method also includes setting a conductive sheet after the step of laying the photovoltaic components, and the step of setting the conductive sheet includes clamping the conductive sheet with a U-shaped cross-section on the upper side wall or the lower side wall of the groove structure, so that the first side edge of the conductive sheet is in contact with the outer surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall, and the second side edge of the conductive sheet extends into the interior of the groove structure; the second side edge forms a first protrusion toward the inside to abut against the inner surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second side edge of the conductive sheet further forms a second protrusion toward the outside for abutting against the tenon structure.

[0021] In some embodiments, when at least two purlins are distributed along the longitudinal direction thereof, the method further comprises the step of providing a connecting piece between two adjacent purlins.

[0022] In some embodiments, the step of setting the connecting piece includes: arranging the connecting piece on the purlin after the step of installing the purlin and before the operation of fixing the upper frame, wherein the outermost purlin corresponding to the first frame is fixedly connected to the connecting piece; the remaining two adjacent purlins are first movably connected to the connecting piece, and then the connecting piece is fixed after the two adjacent purlins complete the operation of fixing the lower frame.

[0023] In some embodiments, the connecting piece is in the shape of a strip plate and is attached to one side or the bottom of the purlin; or the connecting piece is in the shape of an L-shape and is attached to the bottom and one side wall of the purlin.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of providing the connecting piece includes: after the step of laying the photovoltaic components, fixing the connecting piece between two adjacent purlins.

[0025] In some embodiments, the purlin with an L-shaped cross-section is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped connecting piece or an L-shaped connecting piece; the purlin with a U-shaped cross-section is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped connecting piece or an L-shaped connecting piece or a U-shaped connecting piece.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first frame and the second frame are located on the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic component, the first frame is the upper frame of the photovoltaic component, the second frame is the lower frame of the photovoltaic component, and the photovoltaic component is laid in order from top to bottom.

[0027] In some embodiments, when at least two vertical rows of photovoltaic modules need to be laid, the photovoltaic modules in the leftmost or rightmost vertical row are laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent vertical rows are laid in sequence; or the photovoltaic modules in the top horizontal row are laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the next horizontal row are laid in sequence; or the photovoltaic modules in the top part of the horizontal row are laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules under the part of the horizontal row are laid, until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first frame and the second frame are located on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic assembly, and the photovoltaic assembly is laid out in a sequence from left to right or from right to left.

[0029] In some embodiments, when at least two horizontal rows of photovoltaic modules need to be laid, the photovoltaic modules in the top horizontal row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent horizontal rows can be laid in sequence; the photovoltaic modules in the leftmost or rightmost vertical row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent vertical rows can be laid in sequence; or the photovoltaic modules in a portion of the leftmost or rightmost vertical row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules on the left and right sides of the portion of the vertical row can be laid, until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid.

[0030] Compared with the traditional assembly method, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] Firstly, the method can realize the connection between the photovoltaic module and the purlin by controlling the photovoltaic module and the purlin to perform a rotation operation respectively, thereby eliminating the screws between the traditional photovoltaic module and the purlin, and the operation is simple, fast and convenient for disassembly.

[0032] Secondly, the present method configures one purlin on each frame on the opposite side, so that each photovoltaic panel is configured with two purlins, and in the direction of the opposite side, the difference between the number of purlins in each row / column and the number of photovoltaic modules is 1. When each photovoltaic module is configured with two purlins in the traditional method, the number of purlins in each row / column is twice the number of photovoltaic modules, so the present method can reduce the number of purlins and reduce costs.

[0033] Thirdly, the frame and purlin of the present method have a larger area in the longitudinal direction for interaction, while the traditional purlin and frame only interact at the location where screws or other fasteners are set, so the present method can ensure the connection strength between the frame and the purlin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module and the support frame assembly;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steps of installing purlins when the first frame is an upper frame;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steps of installing purlins when the first frame is the left frame;

[0037] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of an operation of fixing the first frame when the first frame is an upper frame;

[0038] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of an operation of fixing the second frame when the second frame is a lower frame;

[0039] Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of an operation of fixing the first frame when the first frame is a left frame;

[0040] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of an operation of fixing the second frame when the second frame is a right frame;

[0041] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the conductive sheet being arranged on the upper side wall of the slot structure in the step of arranging the conductive sheet;

[0042] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the conductive sheet being arranged on the upper side wall of the slot structure in the step of arranging the conductive sheet;

[0043] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first protrusion being provided on a conductive sheet;

[0044] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a first protrusion and a second protrusion are arranged on a conductive sheet;

[0045] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of a first assembly structure of a support block in the step of setting the support block;

[0046] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of a second assembly structure of the support block in the step of setting the support block;

[0047] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back of the photovoltaic module and the support frame;

[0048] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a purlin with an L-shaped cross section;

[0049] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the assembly of the connecting piece and the purlin;

[0050] Fig.17 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laying order of photovoltaic modules when the first frame is the upper frame;

[0051] Fig.18It is a structural schematic diagram of the laying order of photovoltaic modules when the first frame is the left frame;

[0052] Fig.19 It is a structural schematic diagram of a purlin and a frame when assembled;

[0053] Fig. 20 for Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the force structure of the tenon structure and the groove structure;

[0054] Fig.21 for Fig.19 A schematic diagram of the structure of the frame and purlin rotation combination process;

[0055] Fig. 22 for Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the structure of the purlin.

[0056] In the figure: solar panel 10; first frame 20; second frame 21; upper groove 22; lower groove 23; lower tenon 24; purlin 30; corresponding tenon 31; corresponding groove 32; support frame 40; support block 50; support arm 51; joint part 52; upper limiting structure 53; lower hook 54; inclined surface 55; conductive sheet 60; first side edge 61; second side edge 62; first protrusion 63; second protrusion 64; connecting sheet 70. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0058] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with this technology, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0059] The directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", "longitudinal", "lateral", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "radial", "circumferential" and the like in this specification are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic system includes a support frame 40, a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in sequence, and a plurality of purlins 30 connecting the support frame 40 and the plurality of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules include a solar panel 10 and frames arranged on the upper, lower, left and right edges of the solar panel 10, wherein two frames located on opposite sides of the solar panel 10 are a first frame 20 and a second frame 21, respectively. The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 respectively form connecting parts with corresponding purlins 30, and the connecting parts include synergistic tenon structures and groove structures. The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of the photovoltaic module are connected to the support frame 40 through the purlins 30.

[0061] See Figure 4-7 The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 form a connecting part with the purlin 30, and the connecting part includes a synergistic tenon structure and a groove structure. The tenon structure and the groove structure can be found in the patent application document with application number 202080005546.X, which records the rotational connection method of the tenon structure and the groove structure. The assembly method of the photovoltaic system of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0062] Install the purlins, and arrange all the purlins 30 corresponding to the photovoltaic module installation positions on the support frame 40; in each row / column of purlins 30, when the purlins 30 corresponding to the first frame 20 are located at the outermost side, the purlins 30 located at the outermost side are fixedly arranged, and the remaining purlins 30 are movably connected to the support frame 40. Figure 2 As shown, when the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 are located at the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic module respectively, the purlins 30 to be fixed when installing the purlins are located at the uppermost horizontal row, that is, the fixed purlins 30 are located at the uppermost side ( Figure 3 The bold part is in the middle bid. Figure 3 As shown, when the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module, the purlin 30 to be fixed is located in the leftmost or rightmost vertical row, that is, the fixed purlin 30 is located in the leftmost or rightmost ( Figure 4 The method first arranges all purlins 30 on the support frame 40, and then lays the photovoltaic modules, which can effectively improve the installation efficiency.

[0063] Laying photovoltaic modules, including the operation of fixing the first frame and the operation of fixing the second frame: wherein the operation of fixing the first frame is specifically referred to in Figure 4 and Figure 6, when the corresponding purlin 30 of the first frame 20 is fixed, first align the first frame 20 of the photovoltaic module with the corresponding purlin 30, control the tenon structure of the first frame 20 to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin 30 at a first angle α, or control the groove structure of the first frame 20 so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin 30 is inserted into the groove structure of the first frame 20 at the first angle α. At this time, the plane B where the photovoltaic module is located and the plane A where the corresponding purlin 30 of the first frame 20 is located form an angle of the first angle α; then rotate the photovoltaic module with the connecting component at the first frame 20 as the center, control the photovoltaic module to move closer to the plane where the corresponding purlin 30 of the first frame 20 is located, until the plane B where the photovoltaic module is located is parallel to the plane A where the corresponding purlin 30 is located, so that the tenon structure and the groove structure formed by the first frame 20 and the corresponding purlin 30 of the first frame 20 are engaged, thereby completing the assembly of the first frame 20 of the photovoltaic module and the corresponding purlin 30.

[0064] For details on how to fix the second border, see Figure 5 and Figure 7 First, align the purlin 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 of the photovoltaic module with the second frame 21, control the tenon structure of the second frame 21 to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin 30 at the second angle β, or control the groove structure of the second frame 21 so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin 30 is inserted into the groove structure of the second frame 21 at the second angle β, at this time, the plane D where the purlin 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 is located and the plane C where the photovoltaic module is located form an angle of the second angle β; then rotate the purlin 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 with the connecting component at the second frame 21 as the center, control the corresponding purlin 30 to move toward the plane C where the photovoltaic module is located, until the plane D where the purlin 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 is located is parallel to the plane C where the photovoltaic module is located, so that the second frame 21 and the tenon structure and the groove structure between the corresponding purlin 30 of the second frame 21 are engaged; next, fix the corresponding purlin 30 of the second frame 21 to the support frame 40, thereby completing the assembly of the second frame 21 and the corresponding purlin 30.

[0065] When repeatedly laying photovoltaic modules, for example, the purlins 30 corresponding to the first frame 20 of the second photovoltaic module are the same as the purlins 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 of the first photovoltaic module. At this time, the purlins 30 corresponding to the first frame 20 of the second photovoltaic module have been fixed in the first operation of fixing the second frame. When laying the second photovoltaic module, the first frame 20 of the second photovoltaic module can be fixed first, and then the second frame 21 of the second photovoltaic module can be fixed.

[0066] It should be noted that in the step of installing the purlins, the purlins 30 can be movably connected to the support frame 40, which specifically means that the purlins 30 will not fall when placed on the support frame 40, and the purlins 30 can at least rotate relative to the photovoltaic module to meet the requirements of connecting the purlins 30 with the second frame 21. In this embodiment, it is preferred to arrange all the purlins 30 on the support frame 4030 before laying the photovoltaic modules. In some embodiments, a part of the purlins 30 can be arranged on the support frame 40 first, or a single purlin 30 can be installed on the support frame 40 when the purlins 30 are needed. This operation is inefficient and is therefore not preferred.

[0067] In the assembly method of this embodiment, during the process of fixing the first frame, the photovoltaic assembly is controlled to rotate relative to the purlin 30 corresponding to the first frame 20, so that the first frame 20 is engaged with its corresponding purlin 30; during the process of fixing the second frame, the purlin 30 corresponding to the second frame 21 is controlled to rotate relative to the second frame 21, so that the second frame 21 is engaged with its corresponding purlin 30. This method mainly controls the photovoltaic assembly and the purlin 30 to perform a rotation operation respectively, so that the connection between the photovoltaic assembly and the purlin 30 can be realized, and the screws between the photovoltaic assembly and the purlin 30 can be omitted. The operation is simple, fast and convenient for disassembly.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 are respectively provided with one purlin 30, and in the direction perpendicular to the first frame 20, the difference between the number of purlins 30 in each row / column and the number of photovoltaic modules is 1. Traditional purlins 30 are usually arranged in the middle of the photovoltaic modules, and when each photovoltaic module is provided with two purlins 30, in the direction perpendicular to the first frame 20, the number of purlins 30 in each row / column is twice the number of photovoltaic modules, so this method can not only ensure the stability of the photovoltaic modules, but also reduce the number of purlins 30 and reduce costs.

[0069] The conventional purlin 30 and the frame only interact at the places where screws or other fasteners are set, and the connection strength is poor. The connecting parts of this embodiment are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the purlin 30, and the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 have a large area to interact with the purlin 30, which can ensure the connection strength.

[0070] In the assembly method of the present embodiment, the first angle α and the second angle β are in the range of 5°-45°, which facilitates the rotational engagement of the tenon structure and the groove structure of the connecting component. The angle γ between the support frame 40 and the horizontal plane can be in the range of 0°-90°. The synergistic tenon structure and the groove structure form an interference fit to prevent the photovoltaic assembly from sliding relative to the purlin 30 along the longitudinal direction of the purlin 30. Specifically, the interference fit makes the tenon structure and the groove structure at least in interference contact in the up and down directions, and the tenon structure and the groove structure can also be selected to be in interference contact in the left and right directions. The interference fit method can be limited by the size of the groove structure and the tenon structure itself, or a conductive sheet can be provided on the groove structure. Therefore, the assembly method of the present embodiment can also include providing a conductive sheet before the step of laying the photovoltaic assembly.

[0071] See Figure 8-11 The cross section of the conductive sheet 60 is U-shaped, specifically including a first side 61 and a second side 62, the second side 62 at least forms a first protrusion 63 toward the inside, and the second side 62 of some conductive sheets 60 also forms a second protrusion 64 toward the outside. The step of setting the conductive sheet includes clamping the conductive sheet 60 with a U-shaped cross section on the upper side wall or the lower side wall of the slot structure, so that the first side 61 of the conductive sheet 60 is attached to the outer surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall of the slot structure, and the second side 62 of the conductive sheet 60 extends into the interior of the slot structure; the second side 62 forms a first protrusion 63 toward the inside to abut against the inner surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall. The second side 62 of a part of the conductive sheet 60 forms a second protrusion 64 toward the outside to abut against the tenon structure. The conductive sheet 60 can act as a gasket and can automatically adapt to the installation size error of the tenon structure and the slot structure to a certain extent. The two protrusion structures can pierce the oxide film on the surface of the purlin 30 and the frame to achieve good conductive performance.

[0072] See Figure 12-13 The assembly method of this embodiment also includes setting a support block after the step of laying the photovoltaic modules. The support block 50 includes two support arms 51 and a joint portion 52 connecting the two support arms 51, the upper ends of the two support arms 51 have an upper limit structure 53, and the lower ends of the two support arms 51 have a lower hook portion 54 extending outward. The step of setting the support block includes inserting the two support arms 51 of the support block 50 between the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 connected to each purlin 30, and making the upper limit structure 53 and the lower hook portion 54 cooperate with the frame or cooperate with the purlin 30 and the frame to limit the support block 50 from detaching.

[0073] See Fig.12In some embodiments, the joint part 52 may be located at the top of the two bracing arms 51, and the two ends of the joint part 52 extend out of the outer side of the bracing arms 51, and the part extending out of the outer side of the bracing arms 51 is the upper limiting structure 53. The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 both include an upper groove 22 for connecting the solar panel 10 and a lower groove 23 for connecting the tenon structure, and a corresponding tenon 31 is arranged on the purlin 30. The lower groove 23 here is the groove structure of the connecting component, and the corresponding tenon 31 is the tenon structure of the connecting component. The solar panel 10 supported by the upper groove 22 and the lower groove 23 are both located on the same side of the frame body. The outer side of the bracing arm 51 corresponds to the frame body of the first frame 20 and the second frame, and the bracing arm 51 indirectly supports the two sides of the purlin 30 through the frame body. The upper hook or the extended part of the joint part 52 contacts the top or upper surface of the upper groove 22, and the lower hook 54 contacts the bottom of the lower groove 22.

[0074] See Fig.13 In some embodiments, the joint part 52 may also be located between the two support arms 51, and the upper end of the support arm has an upper hook extending outward, which is the upper limit structure 53. The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 both include an upper groove 22 for connecting the solar panel 10 and a lower tongue 24 for connecting the groove structure. The solar panel 10 supported by the upper groove 22 and the lower tongue 24 are both located on both sides of the frame body. The outer side of the support arm 51 fits the corresponding groove 32 of the purlin 30, and the support arm 51 directly supports both sides of the purlin 30 through the corresponding groove 32. The extended part of the upper hook or the joint part 52 contacts the top of the upper groove 22, and the lower hook 54 contacts the bottom of the corresponding groove 32. It should be noted that when the purlin 30 is provided with a tongue structure or a groove structure, the support blocks 50 of both shapes can be arranged between the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of various shapes on both sides of the purlin 30.

[0075] See Fig.14, in the longitudinal direction of the purlin 30, each purlin 30 is connected to at least one photovoltaic module. That is to say, one photovoltaic module can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of each purlin 30, or two or more photovoltaic modules can be arranged, and the number of photovoltaic modules corresponding to each purlin 30 can be set according to the installation requirements. In the longitudinal direction of the purlin 30, the two ends formed by all the first frames 20 and / or the second frames 21 corresponding to each purlin 30 extend beyond the two ends of the purlin 30, that is, when a first frame 20 and / or a second frame 21 is arranged on each purlin 30, the length of each first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 is greater than the length of one purlin 30, and the two ends of each purlin 30 are at a distance L from the two ends of each first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21. When each purlin 30 is connected to two corresponding first frames 20 and / or second frames 21, the sum of the lengths of the two first frames 20 and / or second frames 21 is greater than the length of one purlin 30, and both ends of each purlin 30 are at a distance L from the two ends formed by splicing the two first frames 20 and / or second frames 21, which can avoid interference during the installation process.

[0076] Specifically, the purlin 30 of this embodiment is provided with a tenon structure, and the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 are provided with a groove structure. When the purlin 30 corresponding to the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 is located at the outermost side, as shown in FIG. Fig.15 As shown, the cross section of the outermost purlin 30 is L-shaped, and the tenon structure is formed on the side wall of the purlin 30; the cross section of the remaining purlins 30 is U-shaped, and the tenon structure is formed on the open side of the purlin 30. A strip hole is opened at the bottom of the purlin 30, and a bolt is passed through the strip hole to connect the purlin 30 and the support frame 40. The remaining purlins 30 are preferably made of conventional C-shaped trusses or double inward-rolled U-shaped steel, which are low in cost and widely used in the photovoltaic field, ensuring the versatility of the method. When the purlin 30 is movably connected to the support frame 40, the bolts are in an untightened state.

[0077] See Figure 19-22, the purlin 30 is preferably made of metal plate, especially steel plate, and the thickness T1 is preferably in the range of 0.3mm to 3mm, especially in the range of 1mm to 1.5mm. The width W1 is preferably in the range of 2cm to 20cm, especially in the range of 6cm to 10cm. The height H1 is preferably in the range of 3cm to 30cm, especially in the range of 6cm to 12cm. The tenon structure of the purlin 30 has an inclination angle ε, and the angle ε is in the range of 5° to 45°, especially 30°. The front end of the tenon structure is arc-shaped, and the radius R1 of the front end is preferably in the range of 1mm to 4mm, especially in the range of 2.5mm to 3.5mm. The rear end of the tenon structure of the purlin 30 is arc-shaped, and the radius R2 of the rear end can be similar to R1, but it does not have to be the same. The radius R1 and the radius R2 are preferably 2 to 3 times larger than the thickness T1. This 2 to 3 times is particularly suitable for roll forming production process.

[0078] The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 are preferably made of extruded metal material (especially aluminum), and the surface is anodized. For a solar panel 10 size comparable to the existing size, the height H2 of the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 is preferably in the range of 10 mm to 60 mm, especially in the range of 20 mm to 25 mm. The preferred height H2 range increases with the increase in the size of the solar panel 10. The thickness T2 of the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 can generally vary slightly, and is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, especially in the range of 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0079] A locking element is formed on the groove structure, and the height H3 of the locking element is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, especially 2 mm. The smaller the value of H3, the easier it is to move in the B direction, while the larger the value of H3, the greater the locking force F2', and it can be easily engaged by rotating in the C direction. The contact angle δ of the locking element and the tongue structure is in the range of 5° to 45°, especially 30°.

[0080] When the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 are engaged with the purlin 30, the forces F2', F3', F4', F5', the weight W of the solar panel 10 and the wind load Fw from the wind reach the following balance:

[0081] F4'=F2'*Cos(δ)

[0082] The balance of forces ensures that there is no lateral movement in the A direction between the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 and the purlin 30 .

[0083] 1 / 2W+F5'=F2'*sine(δ)+F3'+1 / 2Fw

[0084] The balance of forces ensures that there is no vertical movement between the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 and the purlin 30 in the direction D. These forces also provide support for the weight W of the solar panel 10 and maintain balance when wind loads Fw occur. In addition, these forces between the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 and the purlin 30 generate a friction force Ff. The friction force Ff represents a combination of the friction forces generated by forces F2', F3', F4' and F5'. Some embodiments may choose to add a locking pin between the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 and the purlin 30 to further ensure that unnecessary sliding does not occur between the first frame 20 and / or the second frame 21 and the purlin 30 along the direction E.

[0085] In one of the products, the thickness T1 of the purlin 30 is specifically 2.5mm, the width W1 is 30mm, and the height H1 is 40mm. The distance of the tenon structure in the left-right direction is 10mm, the distance of the tenon structure in the up-down direction is 7mm, and the radius R1 of the front end and the radius R2 of the rear end of the tenon structure are both 0.5mm. The height H2 of the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 is specifically 30mm, the length of the upper side wall of the groove structure extending out of the frame body is 12.25mm, and the length of the lower side wall of the groove structure extending out of the frame body is 5.75mm. The spacing between the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the groove structure is designed to be 7mm, and the interference contact formed with the tenon structure in the up-down direction can be adjusted according to the actual processing size or through the conductive sheet, and the size of the locking element is adjusted according to the actual installation requirements.

[0086] It should be noted that in some embodiments, all purlins 30 may be designed to have a U-shaped cross-section according to actual needs; the groove structure may also be provided on the purlin 30 , and the tenon structure may be provided on the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 .

[0087] When at least two purlins 30 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the purlin 30, the assembly method may further include providing a connecting piece between the two purlins 30 to ensure structural strength. It should be noted that the step of providing the connecting piece may be selected according to actual needs. For example, when building a ground power station, it is necessary to provide a connecting piece between adjacent purlins 30. For example, when laying photovoltaic modules on the roof, if the strength of the support frame has met the requirements, the use of the connecting piece 70 may be omitted.

[0088] The step of setting the connecting piece includes: firstly, after the step of installing the purlin and before the operation of fixing the upper frame, arranging the connecting piece 70 on the purlin 30, wherein the outermost purlin 30 corresponding to the first frame 20 is fixedly connected to the connecting piece 70, and the remaining two adjacent purlins 30 are first movably connected to the connecting piece 70; and then, after the two adjacent purlins 30 complete the operation of fixing the lower frame, the connecting piece 70 is fixed. The movably connected purlin 30 of the connecting piece 70 is to avoid interfering with the rotation of the purlin 30 relative to the photovoltaic module. For details, see Fig.16 , the connecting piece 70 can be a strip-shaped plate, and the connecting piece 70 is attached to one side or the bottom of the purlin 30; the connecting piece 70 can also be L-shaped, and the connecting piece 70 is attached to the bottom and one side wall of the purlin 30. Corresponding holes are provided on the connecting piece 70 and the purlin 30, and bolts are inserted through the holes. The purlin 30 and the connecting piece 70 are fixed by bolts cooperating with nuts. When the connecting piece 70 is movably connected to the purlin 30, the bolts are in an untightened state.

[0089] In some embodiments, it is optional to fix the connecting piece 70 between two adjacent purlins 30 after the step of laying the photovoltaic modules. It should be noted that when both the step of setting the supporting blocks and the step of setting the connecting pieces are performed after the step of laying the photovoltaic modules, and there is no sequence requirement for the step of setting the supporting blocks and the step of setting the connecting pieces, it can be adjusted according to the installation habit. For details, see Fig.16 , the connecting piece 70 can be a strip-shaped plate or L-shaped or a conventional U-shaped. It should be noted that when the cross-section of some purlins 30 is L-shaped, the adapted connecting piece 70 can be a strip-shaped plate or L-shaped.

[0090] The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of this embodiment can be located on the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic module. Taking the conventional installation habit as an example, the first frame 20 is the upper side frame of the photovoltaic module, and the second frame 21 is the lower side frame of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic modules are laid on the support frame in the order from top to bottom. When only one vertical row of photovoltaic modules is laid on the support frame, first lay the first photovoltaic module from the top of the support frame according to the steps of fixing the first frame and the second frame 21; then repeat from top to bottom until it is fully covered. For example, when laying the second photovoltaic module, the upper side frame of the second photovoltaic module is fixed to the purlin 30 corresponding to the lower side frame of the photovoltaic module (the first photovoltaic module) above it.

[0091] When at least two vertical rows of photovoltaic modules are laid on the support frame 40, for details, see Fig.17 , it is possible to first fully cover one vertical row of photovoltaic modules on the leftmost or rightmost side, and then lay the adjacent vertical row of photovoltaic modules; it is also possible to first fully cover one horizontal row of photovoltaic modules on the uppermost side, and then lay the next horizontal row of photovoltaic modules; it is also possible to first lay a part of the horizontal row of photovoltaic modules on the uppermost side, and then lay the photovoltaic modules below this part of the horizontal row until the photovoltaic modules are fully covered.

[0092] The first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of this embodiment can be located on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic modules are laid in the order from left to right or from right to left; the photovoltaic modules are laid on the support frame in the order from left to right. When only one horizontal row of photovoltaic modules is laid on the support frame, first lay the first photovoltaic module from the leftmost or rightmost side of the support frame according to the steps of fixing the first frame and the second frame; then repeat in sequence until it is fully covered.

[0093] When at least two rows of photovoltaic modules are laid on the support frame, please refer to Fig.18 You can first lay out the top horizontal row of photovoltaic modules, and then lay out the adjacent horizontal rows of photovoltaic modules in sequence; you can also first lay out the leftmost or rightmost vertical row of photovoltaic modules, and then lay out the adjacent vertical rows of photovoltaic modules in sequence; you can also first lay out a portion of the leftmost or rightmost vertical row of photovoltaic modules, and then lay out the photovoltaic modules on the left and right sides of that portion of the vertical row, until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid.

[0094] It should be noted that the m*n matrix distribution of the photovoltaic modules, for example, when the first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are located on the upper and lower sides, the conventional photovoltaic modules are distributed in 4*7, 4*13, etc., for example, when the first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are located on the left and right sides, the conventional photovoltaic modules are distributed in 2*13, 2*14, etc. It should be noted that due to the differences in application scenarios such as ground-fixed vertical installation, ground-fixed horizontal installation, roof horizontal installation, roof vertical installation, carport horizontal installation, carport vertical installation, flat single-axis vertical installation, flat single-axis horizontal installation, water surface vertical installation, water surface horizontal installation and other different scenarios, the number of m and n can be set according to actual needs.

[0095] The purlin 30 and the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of some embodiments can be made of a metal material consisting of steel by roll forming, or made of a metal material consisting of aluminum or a composite material consisting of plastic by extrusion forming, or made of a composite material consisting of bakelite by milling forming. The materials of the purlin 30 and the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of some embodiments can include anodized aluminum selected from the group of surface anodized oxides, or include galvanized steel selected from the group of hot-dip galvanizing, or include zinc-magnesium coated steel selected from the group of zinc-magnesium spraying and immersion coating. The purlin 30 and the first frame 20 and the second frame 21 of some embodiments can be surface treated, and the surface treatment includes galvanizing, electroplating, painting, anodizing and spraying. The support block 50 of this embodiment is preferably made of aluminum alloy, and other materials can also be set according to factors such as material cost, processing difficulty and service life.

[0096] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0097] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for assembling a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system comprising a support frame (40), a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in sequence, and a plurality of purlins (30) connecting the support frame (40) and the plurality of photovoltaic modules, a first frame (20) and a second frame (21) being arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic modules, the first frame (20) and the second frame (21) respectively forming a connecting component with the corresponding purlin (30), the connecting component comprising a tongue structure and a groove structure acting in coordination, Features: The assembly method comprises: a step of installing purlins and a step of repeatedly laying photovoltaic modules, wherein: Installing the purlins comprises: fixing the outermost purlin (30) corresponding to the first frame (20) on the support frame (40), and movably installing the remaining purlins (30) on the support frame (40); Laying out photovoltaic modules includes: fixing the first frame and fixing the second frame, wherein: The operation of fixing the first frame comprises: first controlling the tenon structure of the first frame (20) to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin (30) at a first angle α, or controlling the groove structure of the first frame (20) so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin (30) is inserted into the groove structure of the first frame (20) at the first angle α, at which time, the plane B where the photovoltaic component is located and the plane A where the corresponding purlin (30) is located form an angle of the first angle α; then rotating the photovoltaic component with the connecting component at the first frame (20) as the center, controlling the photovoltaic component to move closer to the plane A, until the plane B where the photovoltaic component is located is parallel to the plane A, so that the first frame (20) is engaged with the tenon structure and the groove structure of the corresponding purlin (30); The operation of fixing the second frame comprises: adjusting the position of the purlin (30) corresponding to the second frame (21), first controlling the tenon structure of the second frame (21) to be inserted into the groove structure of the corresponding purlin (30) at a second angle β, or controlling the groove structure of the second frame (21) so that the tenon structure of the corresponding purlin (30) is inserted into the groove structure of the second frame (21) at the second angle β, at which time, the plane D where the corresponding purlin (30) is located and the plane C where the photovoltaic module is located form an angle of the second angle β; then rotating the corresponding purlin (30) with the connecting component at the second frame (21) as the center, controlling the corresponding purlin (30) to move toward the plane C until the plane D is parallel to the plane C, so that the second frame (21) is engaged with the tenon structure and the groove structure of the corresponding purlin (30); and then fixing the corresponding purlin (30) of the second frame (21) to the support frame (40).

2. The assembly method according to claim 1, Features: The first angle α and the second angle β are in a range of 5°-45°.

3. The assembly method according to claim 1, Features: The included angle γ between the support frame (40) and the horizontal plane ranges from 0° to 90°, and the tenon structure and the groove structure form an interference fit at least in the up and down directions after being joined.

4. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: When the corresponding purlins (30) of the first frame (20) and the second frame (21) are located on the outermost side, the cross-section of the outermost purlin (30) is L-shaped, and the cross-sections of the remaining purlins (30) are U-shaped.

5. The assembly method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The purlin (30) with a U-shaped cross-section is a C-shaped truss or a double-inward-rolled U-shaped steel.

6. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: A strip hole is opened at the bottom of the purlin (30), and a bolt is inserted through the strip hole to connect the purlin (30) and the support frame (40); when the purlin (30) is movably connected to the support frame (40), the bolt is in an untightened state.

7. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: In the longitudinal direction of the purlin (30), each purlin (30) is connected to at least one photovoltaic module.

8. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: In the longitudinal direction of the purlin (30), both ends formed by all the corresponding first frames (20) and / or second frames (21) of each purlin (30) extend beyond both ends of the purlin (30).

9. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The method further includes setting a conductive sheet after the step of laying the photovoltaic modules. The step of setting the conductive sheet includes clamping a conductive sheet (60) with a U-shaped cross-section on the upper side wall or the lower side wall of the groove structure, so that the first side (61) of the conductive sheet (60) fits against the outer surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall, and the second side (62) of the conductive sheet (60) extends into the inside of the groove structure; a first protrusion (63) is formed on the second side (62) facing the inside to abut against the inner surface of the upper side wall or the lower side wall.

10. The assembly method according to claim 9, characterized in that: A second protrusion (64) is further formed on the second side (62) of the conductive sheet (60) facing the outside to abut against the tenon structure.

11. The assembly method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When at least two purlins (30) are distributed along their longitudinal directions, the method further includes a step of setting a connecting piece between two adjacent purlins (30).

12. The assembly method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The step of setting the connecting piece comprises: arranging the connecting piece (70) on the purlin (30) after the step of installing the purlin and before the operation of fixing the first frame, wherein the outermost purlin (30) corresponding to the first frame (20) is fixedly connected to the connecting piece (70); the remaining two adjacent purlins (30) are first movably connected to the connecting piece (70), and then the connecting piece (70) is fixed after the two adjacent purlins (30) complete the operation of fixing the second frame.

13. The assembly method according to claim 12, Features: The connecting piece (70) is in the shape of a strip plate and is attached to one side or the bottom of the purlin (30); or the connecting piece (70) is in the shape of an L and is attached to the bottom and one side wall of the purlin (30).

14. The assembly method according to claim 11, Features: The step of arranging the connection piece comprises: after the step of laying the photovoltaic components, fixing the connection piece (70) between two adjacent purlins (30).

15. The assembly method according to claim 14, Features: The purlin (30) with an L-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped connecting piece (70) or an L-shaped connecting piece (70); the purlin (30) with a U-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped connecting piece (70) or an L-shaped connecting piece (70) or a U-shaped connecting piece (70).

16. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: The first frame (20) and the second frame (21) are located at the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic module, the first frame (20) is the upper frame of the photovoltaic module, the second frame (21) is the lower frame of the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module is laid in order from top to bottom.

17. The assembly method according to any one of claims 16, Features: When at least two vertical rows of photovoltaic modules need to be laid, first lay out the photovoltaic modules in the leftmost or rightmost vertical row, and then lay out the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent vertical rows in sequence; or first lay out the photovoltaic modules in the top horizontal row, and then lay out the photovoltaic modules in the next horizontal row in sequence; or first lay out a portion of the photovoltaic modules in the top horizontal row, and then lay out the photovoltaic modules under that portion of the horizontal row, until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid.

18. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: The first frame (20) and the second frame (21) are located on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic assembly, and the photovoltaic assembly is laid out in a sequence from left to right or from right to left.

19. The assembly method according to claim 18, Features: When at least two horizontal rows of photovoltaic modules need to be laid, the photovoltaic modules in the top horizontal row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent horizontal rows can be laid in sequence; the photovoltaic modules in the leftmost or rightmost vertical row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules in the adjacent vertical rows can be laid in sequence; or the photovoltaic modules in a part of the leftmost or rightmost vertical row can be laid first, and then the photovoltaic modules on the left and right sides of the part of the vertical row can be laid, until the photovoltaic modules are fully laid.

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