Micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material and a preparation method thereof. The micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material is composed of PP and micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel. The particle size of the micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel is less than or equal to 150 microns, and the micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel is composed of a nanofiber membrane and carbon micron rings; and a slip ring structure is formed between the nanofiber membrane and the carbon micron ring. The PP material is toughened by adopting the micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel, and the special three-dimensional network structure of the PP material is utilized, so that external stress can be effectively dispersed to prevent rapid expansion of cracks, and the toughness and impact resistance of the PP material are improved; according to the micro / nano structure ceramic aerogel, a SiO2 nanofiber membrane is used as a basic framework, AlBSi sol is used as a binder, connection between membrane layers is enhanced, meanwhile, a unique annular structure of a carbon micron ring can also enhance the framework structure, and therefore the overall stability and mechanical performance of the ceramic aerogel are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of polymer materials, and in particular to a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polypropylene (PP) is a linear hydrocarbon polymer with certain similarities to polyethylene in performance. However, due to the structure of alternating side methyl groups on the main chain of polypropylene, polypropylene is different from polyethylene in performance and has great changes. Since the main chain carbon atoms connected to the side methyl groups on polypropylene are tertiary carbon atoms, it becomes active and easily attacked by oxygen and oxidized. The carbon chain is also easily broken under the action of heat, ultraviolet rays or other high-energy rays, and cross-linking does not occur. Due to the symmetry of tertiary carbon atoms, polypropylene has spatial isomerism in space, forming three spatial isomers: isotactic polypropylene (the side methyl groups on its main chain are distributed on one side of the molecular chain), syndiotactic polypropylene (the side methyl groups on its main chain are distributed on both sides of the molecular chain in an alternating form), and atactic polypropylene (the side methyl groups on its main chain are distributed on both sides of the molecular chain in an irregular form). Polypropylene has many advantages. Its raw materials are abundant, cheap, have good mechanical properties, are not easy to absorb water, and have good heat resistance, wear resistance, chemical stability, etc. Its comprehensive performance is good. However, it also has other defects, such as polypropylene is easy to be brittle at low temperatures, has a large shrinkage rate after molding, is not resistant to aging, and is highly sensitive to notches, which will limit the application range of polypropylene to a certain extent. In order to solve the above shortcomings, people have improved and improved its performance, such as toughness, by modifying it. The most commonly used methods for polypropylene are copolymerization, blending, reinforcement, filling, etc. Among them, filling and reinforcement modification is the most promising and widely used. The modified polypropylene can be widely used in aerospace, aviation, furniture industry, automobile, textile industry, and electrical appliance manufacturing. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem to be solved: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material and a preparation method thereof. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is used to toughen the PP material. Its unique three-dimensional network structure can effectively disperse the external stress and prevent the rapid expansion of cracks, thereby improving the toughness and impact resistance of the PP material. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is composed of SiO 2 Nanofiber membrane is the basic skeleton, and AlBSi sol is used as a binder to enhance the connection between membrane layers. At the same time, the unique ring structure of carbon micron rings can also enhance the skeleton structure, thereby enhancing the overall stability and mechanical properties of ceramic aerogel.

[0004] Technical solution: A micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material, wherein the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material is composed of PP and micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel; The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel has a particle size of ≤150 μm and is composed of nanofiber membranes and carbon micron rings; A sliding ring structure is formed between the nanofiber membrane and the carbon micron ring. Furthermore, the preparation method of the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 100 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add 15% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: performing coaxial electrospinning to obtain an electrospinning membrane covered with carbon micro-rings; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 200-250 W for 30-60 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, added with 1% AlBSi sol, and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonicate for 1-2 hours at an ultrasonic power of 100-130 W to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with a slip ring structure inside. Furthermore, the diameter of the carbon micron ring in S2 is 3-5 μm, and the thickness of the ring is 70-90 nm. Furthermore, the method for preparing the carbon microrings in S2 comprises the following steps: S21. Prepare a mixed solution of 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid aniline and 0.05 mol / L o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid; S22: Electrodeposition was performed using chronopotentiometry, with ITO as the working electrode, Pt wire as the counter electrode, saturated Ag|AgCl as the reference electrode, and the current density controlled at 8 mA / cm 2 , 0.06 s each time, repeated 700 times, and polyaniline micron rings were obtained; S23: Place the polyaniline micron ring in an alumina tongs pot, introduce argon gas for protection, and carbonize it in a molybdenum wire furnace. Raise the temperature to 350°C at 2°C / min and keep it for 2 hours. Then raise the temperature to 900-1000°C at 2°C / min and keep it for 2 hours. Finally, lower the temperature to room temperature at 3°C / min to obtain a carbon micron ring. Furthermore, the mass volume ratio of the carbon microrings and the polyvinyl alcohol solution in S2 is (1-3) g:50 mL. Furthermore, the coaxial electrospinning conditions in S3 are as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle is 1.07 mm, the inner diameter is 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle is 1.66 mm, the inner diameter is 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage is 17 kV, and the receiving distance is 23 cm. Furthermore, the molar ratio of Al / B / Si in the AlBSi sol in the S6 is 2:1:5. The preparation method of the above-mentioned micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded using an injection molding machine. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel to the PP particles is (7-10):100. Furthermore, the injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200° C., screw speed of 30 rpm, mold temperature of 90° C., and injection pressure of 80 MPa. Beneficial effects: The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention uses micro / nanostructured ceramic aerogel to toughen PP materials. By utilizing its unique three-dimensional network structure, it can effectively disperse the external stress and prevent the rapid expansion of cracks, thereby improving the toughness and impact resistance of the PP material. 2. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel of the present invention is composed of SiO 2Nanofiber membrane is the basic skeleton, and AlBSi sol is used as a binder to enhance the connection between membrane layers. At the same time, the unique ring structure of carbon micron rings can also enhance the skeleton structure, thereby enhancing the overall stability and mechanical properties of ceramic aerogel. 3. The ceramic aerogel in the present invention is composed of SiO 2 Nanofiber membrane stacked, SiO 2 The nanofiber membrane itself has a strong interface connection to ensure the stability and strength of the basic skeleton structure, which can absorb energy and maintain the integrity of the skeleton structure. 2 The layered structures of the nanofiber membrane are connected by weak interfaces. When subjected to force, the force will not be concentrated on a certain point or layer, but will be dispersed throughout the layered structure of the entire ceramic aerogel. At the same time, the weak interface connection can cause certain deformation and energy absorption when subjected to external force, thereby improving the overall strength and toughness of the material. 4. Carbon micro-rings and SiO 2 A sliding ring structure is formed between the nanofiber membranes. The carbon micron ring can slide between the cross-linking points of the membrane fibers. When subjected to force, the carbon micron ring can slide between the SiO 2 The nanofiber membranes slide between each other, showing a unique network deformation mechanism, transferring and dispersing force while maintaining the stability of the network and improving the compressive resistance of the ceramic aerogel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are explanations of the present invention and are not limited to the following embodiments: Example 1 The method for preparing the carbon micron ring comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mixed solution of 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid aniline and 0.05 mol / L o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid; (2) Electrodeposition was performed using the chronopotentiometry method. The working electrode was ITO, the Pt wire was the counter electrode, and the saturated Ag|AgCl was the reference electrode. The current density was controlled to be 8 mA / cm 2 , 0.06 s each time, repeated 700 times, and polyaniline micron rings were obtained; (3) The polyaniline micron ring is placed in an alumina tongs pot, argon gas is introduced for protection, and carbonization is carried out in a molybdenum wire furnace. The temperature is increased to 350°C at 2°C / min and then kept at this temperature for 2 hours. The temperature is then increased to 950°C at 2°C / min and then kept at this temperature for 2 hours. Finally, the temperature is decreased to room temperature at 3°C / min to obtain a carbon micron ring with a diameter of 3-5 μm and a ring thickness of 70-90 nm. Example 2 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 100 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 2g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal slip ring structure. Example 3 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 2g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal slip ring structure. Example 4 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 130 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 2g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain a SiO nanofiber membrane with movable carbon micro-rings; 2 nanofiber membrane; S6: Stack and cut the SiO nanofiber membrane with movable carbon micro-rings into squares of the same size, add 1% AlBSi sol, and immerse and ultrasonically treat for 2 h with the molar ratio of Al / B / Si in the AlBSi sol being 2:1:5; 2 nanofiber membrane; S7: Take out, freeze in a liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze-dry; S8: Place in a sintering furnace, calcine at 600 °C for 1 h, cool, and take out; S9: Ultrasonically treat at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nano-structured ceramic aerogel with a slip-ring structure inside. Example 5 The preparation method of the micro / nano-structured ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water, and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution, continuously stir at room temperature for 10 h, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stir for 4 h to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the mass-volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1 g:50 mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion liquid as the shell layer solution; S3: Perform coaxial electrospinning, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions are: the outer diameter of the inner injection needle is 1.07 mm, the inner diameter is 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer injection needle is 1.66 mm, the inner diameter is 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage is 17 kV, and the receiving distance is 23 cm to obtain an electrospun membrane sleeved with carbon micro-rings; S4: Dry the electrospun membrane sleeved with carbon micro-rings and calcine at 850 °C for 2 h to obtain a SiO nanofiber membrane semi-fixed with carbon micro-rings; 2 nanofiber membrane; S5: Ultrasonically treat the SiO nanofiber membrane semi-fixed with carbon micro-rings at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain a SiO nanofiber membrane with movable carbon micro-rings; 2 nanofiber membrane; 2 nanofiber membrane; S6: Stack and cut the SiO nanofiber membrane with movable carbon micro-rings into squares of the same size, add 1% AlBSi sol, and immerse and ultrasonically treat for 2 h with the molar ratio of Al / B / Si in the AlBSi sol being 2:1:5; 2 nanofiber membrane; S7: Take out, freeze in a liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze-dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal slip ring structure. Example 6 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal slip ring structure. Example 7 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 2g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 200 W for 60 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal slip ring structure. Example 8 The preparation method of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 15%, the mass volume ratio of carbon micro-rings to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 2g:50mL, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: coaxial electrospinning was performed, and the coaxial electrospinning conditions were as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle was 1.07 mm, the inner diameter was 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle was 1.66 mm, the inner diameter was 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage was 17 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, and an electrospinning membrane with a carbon micron ring was obtained; S4: The electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings was dried and calcined at 850°C for 2 h to obtain SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S5: SiO2 with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min to obtain SiO2 nanofibers with movable carbon microrings. 2 Nanofiber membranes; S6: SiO with movable carbon microrings 2 The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 100 W for 2 h to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel having an internal sliding ring structure. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that carbon micro rings are not used, and the details are as follows: The preparation method of ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: 120 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution were stirred continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, and 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution were added and stirred for 4 hours to obtain an electrospinning solution; S2: electrospinning is performed under the following conditions: the outer diameter of the spray needle is 1.07 mm, the inner diameter is 0.67 mm, the spinning voltage is 17 kV, and the receiving distance is 23 cm, to obtain an electrospinning membrane; S3: After drying the electrospun membrane, calcined at 850 °C for 2 h to obtain SiO 2 Nanofiber membranes; S4: SiO 2 The nanofiber membrane was ultrasonically treated at an ultrasonic power of 250 W for 40 min; S5: SiO 2The nanofiber membranes were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and then added with 1% AlBSi sol with a molar ratio of Al / B / Si of 2:1:5 and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S6: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S7: Place in a sintering furnace, calcine at 600°C for 1h, cool, and take out; S8: Ultrasonication was performed at an ultrasonic power of 120 W for 1.5 h to obtain ceramic aerogel. The aerogel was tested for various indicators, including specific surface area and compression strength: Specific surface area: The specific surface area of ​​the sample was measured by BET automatic adsorption instrument at a temperature of 77K and the adsorbate was N 2 ; Compression strength: The mechanical properties of the samples were tested using a universal mechanical testing machine. The compression speed was 1mm / min and the samples were compressed to 70% of the initial diameter. The results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Example 9 A method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending 7 parts of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with a particle size of ≤150 μm with 100 parts of PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded by an injection molding machine. The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200°C, screw speed of 30rpm, mold temperature of 90°C, and injection pressure of 80MPa to obtain micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material. Example 10 A method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending 8 parts of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with a particle size of ≤150 μm with 100 parts of PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded by an injection molding machine. The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200°C, screw speed of 30rpm, mold temperature of 90°C, and injection pressure of 80MPa to obtain micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material. Embodiment 11 A method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending 9 parts of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with a particle size of ≤150 μm with 100 parts of PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded by an injection molding machine. The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200°C, screw speed of 30rpm, mold temperature of 90°C, and injection pressure of 80MPa to obtain micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material. Example 12 A method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending 10 parts of micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with a particle size of ≤150 μm with 100 parts of PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded by an injection molding machine. The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200°C, screw speed of 30rpm, mold temperature of 90°C, and injection pressure of 80MPa to obtain micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 11 is that the ceramic aerogel prepared in Comparative Example 1 is as follows: A method for preparing a ceramic aerogel toughened PP material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Blending 9 parts of ceramic aerogel with a particle size of ≤150 μm with 100 parts of PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded by an injection molding machine. The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200°C, screw speed of 30rpm, mold temperature of 90°C, and injection pressure of 80MPa, to obtain ceramic aerogel toughened PP material. The specifications of the flexural strength, flexural elastic modulus, unnotched impact strength and notched impact strength specimens are 80mm×10mm×4mm; the specifications of the tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus specimens are 170mm×10mm×4mm. Tensile strength was tested according to ISO 527-2-2012, test temperature was 23°C, test speed was 5mm / min; The tensile elastic modulus is tested according to ISO 527-2-2012, the test temperature is 23°C, and the test speed is 1mm / min; The flexural strength and flexural modulus are tested according to ISO 178-2019, with a test speed of 2 mm / min and a span of 64 mm; Unnotched impact strength and notched impact strength are tested according to ISO179-1-2010, A-type notch; The results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material, characterized by: The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material consists of PP and micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel; The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel has a particle size of ≤150 μm and is composed of nanofiber membranes and carbon micron rings; A sliding ring structure is formed between the nanofiber membrane and the carbon micron ring.

2. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel is as follows, in parts by weight: S1: Take 100 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 100 parts of water and 1 part of 85% phosphoric acid solution and stir continuously at room temperature for 10 hours, add 200 parts of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir for 4 hours to obtain a core layer solution; S2: Take carbon micro-rings, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution by mass, and stir to obtain a carbon micro-ring dispersion as a shell solution; S3: performing coaxial electrospinning to obtain an electrospinning membrane covered with carbon micro-rings; S4: drying the electrospun membrane with carbon micro-rings and calcining it at 850°C for 2h to obtain a SiO2 nanofiber membrane with semi-fixed carbon micro-rings; S5: subjecting the SiO2 nanofiber membrane semi-fixed with carbon micro-rings to ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic power of 200-250 W for 30-60 min to obtain a SiO2 nanofiber membrane with movable carbon micro-rings; S6: The SiO2 nanofiber membranes with movable carbon microrings were stacked and cut into squares of the same size, and AlBSi sol with a mass fraction of 1% was added and immersed in ultrasound for 2 h; S7: Take out, freeze in liquid nitrogen environment, and freeze dry; S8: placing in a sintering furnace, calcining at 600°C for 1h, cooling, and taking out; S9: Ultrasonicate for 1-2 hours at an ultrasonic power of 100-130 W to obtain a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with an internal sliding ring structure.

3. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the carbon micron ring in S2 is 3-5 μm, and the thickness of the ring is 70-90 nm.

4. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the carbon microring in S2 comprises the following steps: S21. Prepare a mixed solution of 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid aniline and 0.05 mol / L o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid; S22: Electrodeposition was performed using chronopotentiometry, with ITO as the working electrode, Pt wire as the counter electrode, saturated Ag|AgCl as the reference electrode, and the current density controlled at 8 mA / cm 2 , 0.06 s each time, repeated 700 times, and polyaniline micron rings were obtained; S23: Place the polyaniline micron ring in an alumina tongs pot, introduce argon gas for protection, and carbonize it in a molybdenum wire furnace. Raise the temperature to 350°C at 2°C / min and keep it for 2 hours. Then raise the temperature to 900-1000°C at 2°C / min and keep it for 2 hours. Finally, lower the temperature to room temperature at 3°C / min to obtain a carbon micron ring.

5. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the carbon micro-rings and the polyvinyl alcohol solution in S2 is (1-3) g:50 mL.

6. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coaxial electrospinning conditions in S3 are as follows: the outer diameter of the inner spray needle is 1.07 mm, the inner diameter is 0.67 mm, the outer diameter of the outer spray needle is 1.66 mm, the inner diameter is 1.26 mm, the spinning voltage is 17 kV, and the receiving distance is 23 cm.

7. The micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molar ratio of Al / B / Si in the AlBSi sol in the S6 is 2:1:

5.

8. The method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: blending the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel with PP particles; Step 2: adding the mixture into a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain pellets, the screw length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 40:1, the screw speed is 30 rpm, and the temperatures of the feeding section, melt plasticizing section and metering section of the extruder are set to 160° C., 190° C. and 190° C. respectively; Step 3: After the pellets are dried, they are injection molded using an injection molding machine.

9. The method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel to the PP particles is (7-10):

100.

10. The method for preparing a micro / nanostructure ceramic aerogel toughened PP material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The injection molding conditions are: melt temperature of 200° C., screw speed of 30 rpm, mold temperature of 90° C., and injection pressure of 80 MPa.

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