High dam fish concentrated transportation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering environmental protection, in particular to a high dam fish gathering and transporting system which comprises a fish gathering mechanism and a fish releasing mechanism which are connected through a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a gathering and transporting tower, and the gathering and transporting tower is vertically arranged on the outer side of a dam; a pair of lifting rails are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the interior of the concentrated transportation tower, and a fish collecting box is arranged in each lifting rail in a sliding mode; a pulley block is arranged at the top in the concentrated transportation tower, and a speed limiter is arranged in the pulley block; a cable is wound on the pulley block, and the two ends of the cable are connected to the tops of the two fish collecting boxes respectively; the structure that the pulley block and the two fish collecting box counterweights alternately ascend and descend is adopted, fish under the dam can be conveyed to the dam without control of an active driving mechanism, and the construction, operation and maintenance cost of a fish collecting and conveying system is reduced; due to the fact that the two fish collecting boxes operate alternately, the operation efficiency is higher, the construction and use cost of the lifting mechanism is not increased even if the dam height is increased, and the application range is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering environmental protection, and in particular to a high-dam fish collection and transportation system. Background Art

[0002] Water conservancy and hydropower projects often require the construction of dams on river channels. While they play a role in flood control, power generation, shipping and other benefits, they also have an impact on the river's ecological environment that cannot be ignored. For fish, dams will cut off the fish's migration path, making it impossible for upstream and downstream fish to communicate, which has a serious impact on fishery resources. Currently, in some water conservancy and hydropower projects, artificial migration channels such as fishways are opened to assist fish to cross dams and achieve communication between upstream and downstream fish. However, in the high-dam environment in the mountains with complex terrain, the opening of fishways has problems such as complex design factors and difficult construction. When the upstream and downstream height difference is large, the fishway will also be too long, greatly increasing the construction cost.

[0003] There is a patent with application number 201711383215.6, which discloses a fish collection and transportation system that can adapt to water level fluctuations, including three major parts: a water replenishment system, a fish collection system, and a lifting and transfer system. A water replenishment channel with adjustable flow is set in the middle of the water replenishment system and connected to the fish collection system. A working gate is set at the end of the water replenishment system to control the overall flow of the tailwater channel of the power station into the fish collection and transportation system. A fish blocking grille is set at the connection between the water replenishment channel and the fish collection corridor to prevent fish from migrating into the water replenishment corridor. The fish collection corridor system includes fish collection boxes, fish driving screens, fish monitors and fish inlet gates. The fish inlet gate can control the outlet flow rate and water depth of the fish collection corridor system. The opening of the fish inlet gate and the water supply gate are automatically optimized and adjusted according to the fish characteristics and water level flow changes observed by the fish monitor, so as to meet the suitable hydraulic conditions of different types of fish in different positions; however, the transfer system and lifting system used in this patent need to install and use large motors. As the dam height increases, the installation and use costs of the lifting system and the transfer system will increase significantly; at the same time, the fish collecting box has a low operating efficiency, and only a single fish collecting box can operate at the same time. If the number of fish collecting boxes is to be increased, it is necessary to install and build a second lifting system and transfer system, which has high expansion costs and poor applicability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-dam fish collection and transportation system with low operating cost and greater applicability.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A high-dam fish collecting and transporting system comprises a fish collecting mechanism and a fish releasing mechanism connected by a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a collecting and transporting tower, the collecting and transporting tower is vertically arranged on the outside of the dam; a pair of lifting tracks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the collecting and transporting tower, and a fish collecting box is slidably arranged in each of the two lifting tracks; a pulley block is arranged on the top of the collecting and transporting tower, and a brake mechanism is connected to the pulley block; a cable is wound around the pulley block, and the two ends of the cable are respectively connected to the tops of two fish collecting boxes; the fish collecting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the collecting and transporting tower, and the fish releasing mechanism is arranged at the top of the collecting and transporting tower; the fish collecting mechanism comprises a fish collecting waterway, and the fish releasing mechanism comprises a fish releasing waterway; the outlet end of the fish collecting waterway and the inlet end of the fish releasing waterway are both arranged between the two lifting tracks, and gates cooperating with the fish collecting boxes are both arranged on the outlet end of the fish collecting waterway and the inlet end of the fish releasing waterway.

[0006] Preferably, a slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the fish collecting box, and the slider is slidably matched with the lifting track; a box door is provided on one side of the fish collecting box, and the box door is slidably connected to the box body of the fish collecting box up and down; push plates are respectively provided on the top and bottom of the box door, and horizontal plates that cooperate with the door push plates are respectively provided at the bottom of the gate at the fish collecting waterway and the top of the gate at the fish releasing waterway.

[0007] Preferably, the fish gathering mechanism includes a fish gathering control room, which is arranged at the top of the fish gathering waterway outlet end; the fish releasing mechanism includes a fish releasing control room, which is arranged at the top of the fish releasing waterway inlet end; gate slide rails cooperating with the gate are respectively arranged on both sides of the fish gathering control room and the fish releasing control room.

[0008] Preferably, the box door and the gate at the outlet end of the fish collecting waterway are both connected to an automatic door opening mechanism, which includes a door opening motor; the door opening motor is respectively fixedly arranged on the top of the box door and in the fish collecting control room, and the output shaft of the door opening motor is fixedly connected to a gear; vertical racks are fixedly arranged on the box door and the gate, and the gears and racks are meshed with each other.

[0009] Preferably, the pulley block comprises fixed pulleys respectively matched with the two lifting rails, and a speed limiter is arranged between the two fixed pulleys; the speed limiter comprises a pair of limiting pulleys matched with the fixed pulleys, and a variable resistance pulley is arranged above the two limiting pulleys.

[0010] Preferably, the variable resistance pulley includes a wheel disc, in which a plurality of slide grooves are evenly arranged along the axis, and a fixed slide rod is arranged in each slide groove; a counterweight slider is sleeved on the fixed slide rod, one side of the counterweight slider is connected to a spring, and the other side of the spring is fixedly arranged on one end face of the slide groove; one side of the counterweight slider is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, a part of the connecting rod is arranged in the slide groove, and one end of the connecting rod arranged outside the slide groove is fixedly connected to a reduction ring; a reduction block is arranged above the wheel disc, and the reduction block is an arc-shaped block coaxial with the wheel disc.

[0011] Preferably, a trumpet-shaped fish-collecting baffle is provided in the fish-collecting waterway, and a drain outlet is provided on the fish-collecting control room, and the drain outlet is connected to the fish-releasing waterway through a water supply pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the inlet end of the fish collecting waterway is connected to the downstream of the river channel, and the outlet end of the fish releasing waterway is connected to the upstream of the river channel; and a fish attracting mechanism is provided at the inlet end of the fish collecting waterway.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention adopts the form of connecting two fish collecting boxes through cables and pulley blocks, which can be independent of motors and other equipment. By adjusting the amount of water injected into the fish collecting boxes on both sides, the fish collecting boxes on both sides can be adjusted to perform lifting and lowering movements, which greatly reduces the construction cost and subsequent operation and maintenance costs; since the lifting mechanism purely relies on the interaction of the counterweights between the two fish collecting boxes, even if the height of the dam is increased, it is not necessary to increase the motor specifications like the traditional motor lifting, and it can be applied to dams of different heights at will, and its application range is wider and more suitable for promotion and use. It has obvious energy-saving advantages.

[0014] The present invention adopts the mode of alternating lifting and lowering of two fish collecting boxes, and compared with the traditional single-box structure, the efficiency of fish collecting and transporting is greatly improved; a speed limiter is arranged in the pulley block, and when the lifting speed of the fish collecting box is too fast, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the variable resistance pulley in the speed limiter will cause the counterweight slider to slide outward, thereby driving the connecting rod to move outward, making the diameter of the elastic deceleration ring larger and expanding outward, and pushing the cable to move outward and contact the deceleration block; the faster the rotation speed, the greater the centrifugal force, and the greater the friction between the cable and the deceleration block, thereby reducing the moving speed of the cable, ensuring that the lifting speed of the fish collecting box is maintained within a safe range, and no collision will occur due to the excessive lifting speed, causing the fish in the fish collecting box to be damaged or frightened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the area marked in middle A; Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram of the internal structure of the container tower after partial sectioning; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A local enlarged view of the area marked in B; Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram of the internal structure of the container tower after partial sectioning; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fish collecting box of the present invention; Figure 7It is a structural schematic diagram of the fish collecting box of the present invention when the box door is in an open state; Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the container tower of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the speed limiter of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the variable resistance pulley of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the variable resistance pulley of the present invention when it is in a deceleration state during movement.

[0016] In the figure: a collecting and transporting tower 1; a lifting track 11; a fish collecting control room 2; a drain outlet 21; a water supply pipe 22; a gate 23; a fish collecting waterway 3; a fish collecting baffle 31; a fish collecting box 4; a cable 41; a slider 42; a box door 43; a rack 44; a door opening motor 45; a gear 46; a counterweight water supply port 47; a fish releasing control room 5; a counterweight faucet 51; a fish releasing waterway 6; a fixed pulley 7; a speed limiter 8; a limiting pulley 81; a variable resistance pulley 82; a wheel disc 83; a fixed slide bar 84; a counterweight slider 85; a spring 86; a reduction ring 87; a reduction block 88. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a high-dam fish collection and transportation system, which mainly includes a fish collection mechanism and a fish release mechanism. The fish collection mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the dam and the fish release mechanism is arranged at the top of the dam; the fish collection mechanism and the fish release mechanism are connected by a lifting mechanism.

[0018] The lifting mechanism mainly includes a vertically arranged collecting and transporting tower, the fish collecting mechanism includes a fish collecting waterway 3, and a fish collecting control room 2 is arranged inside the collecting and transporting tower 1 above the terminal outlet end of the fish collecting waterway 3; the fish releasing mechanism includes a fish releasing waterway 6, and a fish releasing control room 5 is arranged inside the collecting and transporting tower 1 above the inlet end of the fish releasing waterway 6; Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a drain outlet 21 is provided at the bottom of the fish gathering control room 2, and the drain outlet 21 is connected to the fish releasing waterway 6 through a water replenishment pipe 22, so that the water entering the fish releasing waterway 6 from the river can be discharged through the water replenishment channel 22, and discharged into the downstream fish gathering waterway 3 through the drain outlet 21, forming a water flow for attracting fish to move forward; the fish gathering waterway 3 is connected to the downstream of the river, and the fish releasing waterway 6 is connected to the upstream of the river. A trumpet-shaped fish gathering baffle 31 is provided behind the outlet end of the fish gathering waterway 3, so that it is difficult for fish to escape after entering the outlet end of the fish gathering waterway 3; a fish attracting mechanism is provided at the inlet end of the fish gathering waterway 3, and the fish attracting mechanism includes an acoustic and optical fish attractant, an ultrasonic fish attractant or a water flow fish attractant. The inlet end of the fish gathering waterway 3 can also be provided near the tail water of the dam to utilize the tail water to attract fish.

[0019] Two sets of lifting rails 11 are respectively arranged on both sides of the collection and transportation tower 1, and two fish collecting boxes 4 are respectively slidably connected in the two sets of lifting rails 11; Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the tops of the two fish collecting boxes 4 are connected by a cable 41, and the cable 41 passes through two fixed pulleys in sequence from the internal top of the collecting and transporting tower 1, so that when the internal loads of the two fish collecting boxes 4 are different, the heavier fish collecting box 4 will drop and pull the other fish collecting box 4 to slide up; the two fish collecting boxes 4 are respectively located on both sides of the two control rooms and the waterway, and gates 23 that cooperate with the fish collecting boxes are respectively provided on both sides of the fish collecting waterway 3 and the fish releasing waterway 6; gate slide rails that cooperate with the gate 23 are respectively provided on both sides of the fish collecting control room 2 and the fish releasing control room 5, so that the gate 23 can slide up and down to open or close the waterway.

[0020] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two sliders 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the fish collecting box 4, which can slide in cooperation with the lifting rails 11 on both sides and keep the posture of the fish collecting box 4 stable during the lifting process; one side of the fish collecting box 4 is set as an opening, and a box door 43 is set at the opening for sliding up and down; the box door 43 can be slid upward to open, and when it is opened, water containing fish can be filled into the fish collecting box 4, or the water inside the fish collecting box 4 can be discharged; the top and bottom of the box door 43 are respectively provided with push plates, and a vertically arranged rack 44 is connected below the top push plate; a through hole cooperating with the rack 44 is provided at the top of the fish collecting box 4, so that the rack 4 4 can extend into the fish collecting box through the box top, and a door opening motor 45 is also arranged on the top of the fish collecting box 4. The output shaft of the door opening motor 45 is connected to a gear 46 matched with the rack 44. When the door opening motor 45 drives the gear 46 to rotate, the box door 43 can be controlled to be opened or closed; waterproof strips are arranged at the joints between the box door and the fish collecting box 4 to prevent water leakage when it is closed; a counterweight water replenishment port 47 is also arranged on the top of the fish collecting box 4, and a counterweight faucet 51 is arranged on the top of the collecting and transporting tower 1 in coordination therewith; an automatic door opening mechanism is arranged in the fish collecting control room 2, which can actively drive the gate 23 to open.

[0021] A horizontal plate is provided at the bottom of the gate 23 arranged at the outlet end of the fish collecting waterway 3, which can cooperate with the push plate at the bottom of the box door 43 of the fish collecting box 4. When the gate 23 is pushed upward, the box door 43 will also be driven to open upward; the gate 23 arranged at the inlet end of the fish releasing waterway 6 is provided with a horizontal plate at the top that cooperates with the push plate on the top of the box door 43. When the box door 43 is actively opened upward, the gate 23 can be pushed to open upward together.

[0022] The operating principle of the lifting mechanism is as follows Figure 8As shown, the tops of the two fish collecting boxes 4 are connected by cables 41, respectively, and the cables 41 pass around the pulley block arranged on the top of the collecting and transporting tower 1 so that it can slide freely; the pulley block includes two fixed pulleys 7, and the two fixed pulleys 7 are connected with a brake mechanism, which can be used to keep the fish collecting box 4 at a certain height for fish collecting and releasing operations; a speed limiter 8 is arranged between the two fixed pulleys 7, which is used to limit the lifting speed of the fish collecting box 4.

[0023] The structure of the speed limiter 8 is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, two limiting pulleys 81 are provided inside the cable 41 for changing the direction of the cable 41, and a variable resistance pulley 82 is provided above the two limiting pulleys 81; the structure of the variable resistance pulley 82 is as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, it includes a wheel 83 that can rotate around an axis, and four slide grooves are evenly distributed inside the wheel 83. A fixed slide rod 84 is set in each slide groove, and a counterweight slider 85 is slidably set on the fixed slide rod 84. A spring 86 is connected to one side of the counterweight slider 85, and the other end of the spring 86 is fixedly connected to the end face of the slide groove; when the wheel 83 does not rotate, the counterweight slider 85 will maintain a position close to the center of the slide groove under the action of the spring, and when the wheel 83 rotates, as the centrifugal force overcomes the elastic force of the spring, the counterweight slider 85 will slide to the outside.

[0024] The outer surface of the counterweight slider 85 is connected to a connecting rod, and the end of the connecting rod is connected to a deceleration ring 87; the deceleration ring 87 is made of a wear-resistant elastic structure, and its diameter can change with the position of the connecting rod; a deceleration block 88 is arranged above the wheel disc 83, and the deceleration block 88 is an arc-shaped block structure coaxial with the wheel disc 83; the cable 41 is arranged between the deceleration ring 87 and the deceleration block 88, such as Fig.11 As shown, when the rotation speed of the wheel 83 reaches a certain level, the diameter of the speed reduction ring 87 expands to a certain extent, causing the cable 41 to contact the speed reduction block 88 and generate friction resistance; as the rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight slider 85 increases, and the friction resistance also increases, causing the sliding speed of the cable 41 to decrease. With the dynamic balance between the friction resistance and the rotation speed of the wheel 83, the maximum sliding speed of the cable 41, that is, the maximum lifting speed of the fish collecting box 4, is limited so that it will not exceed a certain lifting speed.

[0025] In actual use of this embodiment, personnel are required to enter the fish gathering control room 2 and the fish releasing control room 5 to perform operations; when the two fish gathering boxes 4 are moved to the gates of the fish gathering waterway 3 and the fish releasing waterway 6 respectively, their positions are fixed by a brake mechanism, and then the gate 23 is opened by an automatic door opening mechanism in the fish gathering control room 2. When the gate 23 is raised, the box door 43 of the fish gathering box 4 below is also driven to open synchronously, so that the fish in the fish gathering waterway 3 can enter the fish gathering box 4; in order to improve the fish gathering efficiency, sound and light fish attractants and other equipment can also be set in the fish gathering box 4 to speed up the fish gathering efficiency; when the operator observes that there are a sufficient number of fish in the fish gathering box 4 through visual observation or monitoring equipment, the gate 23 and the box door 43 can be closed to prepare for upward transportation.

[0026] The upper fish collecting box 4 actively opens the box door 43 through the door opening motor 45, and when the box door 43 slides upward to open, it will also synchronously lift up the gate 23 on the side of the fish releasing waterway 6; the gate 23 of the fish releasing waterway 6 and its opening height are slightly higher than the water surface height of the fish releasing waterway 6, so that when the gate 23 is opened, the water in the fish collecting box 4 together with the fish can be poured into the fish releasing waterway 6; when the water and fish in the fish collecting box 4 are completely emptied, the box door 43 and the gate 23 can be closed to prepare for reset.

[0027] When the two fish collecting boxes have completed the fish collecting and fish releasing operations respectively, and both box doors 43 are closed, the transfer and reset actions can be started; the operator in the fish releasing control room 5 opens the counterweight faucet 51 through the valve, and pours the counterweight water into the fish collecting box 4 for releasing the fish upward through the counterweight water replenishment port 47; when a sufficient amount of water is poured into the upper fish collecting box 4 to make its weight higher than the lower fish collecting box 4, the brake mechanism can be released; since the upper fish collecting box 4 is heavier, it will slide down and drive the lower fish collecting box 4 containing fish to slide up; under the action of the speed limiter 8, the movement speed of the fish collecting box 4 will not exceed the preset maximum value, avoiding accidents such as collision caused by high-speed movement, and avoiding fish injuries or scares; corresponding buffer mechanisms can be set at the top and bottom of the lifting track 11 to slow down the impact when the fish collecting box 4 moves to the highest or lowest point; when the fish collecting box 4 is in place again, the above-mentioned fish collecting and fish releasing steps can be repeated.

[0028] The above description is only a further explanation of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All descriptions do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or replacement schemes that can be easily thought of by any technician in this field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A high dam fish collection and transportation system, comprising a fish collection mechanism and a fish release mechanism connected by a lifting mechanism, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a collecting and transporting tower, which is vertically arranged on the outside of the dam; a pair of lifting tracks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the collecting and transporting tower, and a fish collecting box is slidably arranged in each of the two lifting tracks; a pulley block is arranged on the top of the collecting and transporting tower, and the pulley block is connected to a brake mechanism; a cable is wound around the pulley block, and the two ends of the cable are respectively connected to the tops of the two fish collecting boxes; the fish collecting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the collecting and transporting tower, and the fish releasing mechanism is arranged at the top of the collecting and transporting tower; the fish collecting mechanism includes a fish collecting waterway, and the fish releasing mechanism includes a fish releasing waterway; the outlet end and the inlet end of the fish releasing waterway are both arranged between the two lifting tracks, and the outlet end and the inlet end of the fish collecting waterway are both provided with gates that cooperate with the fish collecting boxes.

2. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: A slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the fish collecting box, and the slider is slidably matched with the lifting track; a box door is provided on one side of the fish collecting box, and the box door is slidably connected to the box body of the fish collecting box up and down; the top and bottom of the box door are respectively provided with push plates, and the bottom of the gate at the fish collecting waterway and the top of the gate at the fish releasing waterway are respectively provided with horizontal plates that match the door push plates.

3. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The fish gathering mechanism includes a fish gathering control room, which is arranged on the top of the fish gathering waterway outlet end; the fish releasing mechanism includes a fish releasing control room, which is arranged on the top of the fish releasing waterway inlet end; gate slide rails cooperating with the gate are respectively arranged on both sides of the fish gathering control room and the fish releasing control room.

4. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The box door and the gate at the outlet end of the fish collecting waterway are both connected to an automatic door opening mechanism, which includes a door opening motor; the door opening motor is respectively fixedly arranged on the top of the box door and the fish collecting control room, and the output shaft of the door opening motor is fixedly connected to a gear; the box door and the gate are both fixedly arranged with vertical racks, and the gears and racks are meshed with each other.

5. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The pulley block comprises fixed pulleys respectively matched with two lifting tracks, and a speed limiter is arranged between the two fixed pulleys; the speed limiter comprises a pair of limiting pulleys matched with the fixed pulleys, and a variable resistance pulley is arranged above the two limiting pulleys.

6. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 5 is characterized by: The variable resistance pulley includes a wheel disc, and a plurality of slide grooves are evenly arranged along the axis line of the wheel disc, and a fixed slide rod is arranged in each of the slide grooves; a counterweight slider is sleeved on the fixed slide rod, and a spring is connected to one side of the counterweight slider, and the other side of the spring is fixedly arranged on one end face of the slide groove; a connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the counterweight slider, a part of the connecting rod is arranged in the slide groove, and a reduction ring is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod arranged outside the slide groove; a reduction block is arranged above the wheel disc, and the reduction block is an arc block coaxial with the wheel disc.

7. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 3 is characterized by: A trumpet-shaped fish-collecting baffle is arranged in the fish-collecting waterway, a drain outlet is arranged on the fish-collecting control room, and the drain outlet is connected to the fish-releasing waterway through a water supply pipeline.

8. The high dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inlet end of the fish collecting waterway is communicated with the downstream of the river channel, and the outlet end of the fish releasing waterway is communicated with the upstream of the river channel; the inlet end of the fish collecting waterway is provided with a fish attracting mechanism.

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