Fishway, river sluice and fishway arrangement method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering facilities, in particular to a fishway (1), a sluice and a fishway arrangement method.The fishway comprises a plurality of turn-back sections (11) which are connected in sequence and at least partially arranged on a ramp section of a stilling pool (3) at the downstream of the sluice, and the gradient of each turn-back section is smaller than that of the ramp section of the stilling pool; the bottom end of the fish migration channel is provided with a fishway inlet (13), and the top end of the fish migration channel is provided with a fishway outlet (14) communicated with the lock chamber of the water gate. And the fishes at the downstream are attracted by the water flow which flows out of the fishway and is suitable for migration, so that the fishes enter the fishway and upstream to enter the lock chamber at the upstream of the stilling pool. Due to the fact that the fishway extends into the gate chamber of the water gate in a turning-back mode, the height difference of the stilling pool is relieved in a segmented climbing mode, the water flow speed in the fishway is lower, and therefore the fishway is suitable for fish migration, and fishes can pass through the stilling pool and the water gate through the fishway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering facilities, and more particularly to a fishway. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dam gate including the fishway. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a fishway arrangement method for arranging the fishway. Background Art

[0002] In water conservancy projects, various water conservancy facilities that require river dams completely block rivers in order to artificially control and utilize the water flow. However, such water conservancy facilities have the disadvantage of blocking fish migration pathways. Fish migration is a movement that involves changing habitats in a specific direction, distance, and duration. As part of the fish life cycle, if they are unable to migrate through their original pathways, this will lead to changes in their habitat, a decrease in the number and species of local fish, and even fish extinction. To prevent water conservancy projects from hindering fish migration, various fish-passing facilities are often built on top of water conservancy projects to mitigate the impact of the projects and allow fish to migrate normally.

[0003] Fishways are currently widely used as a means of maintaining fish migration pathways in various water conservancy projects. A fishway is an artificial passageway that allows fish to migrate upstream, past structures such as sluices and dams, or through natural obstacles. This allows for free migration and helps fish complete key activities in their life cycle. Fishways typically include an inlet, a trough, an outlet, and induction facilities. By placing the entrance downstream and the outlet upstream, fish from downstream can migrate directly upstream through the fishway without being blocked by water conservancy facilities.

[0004] Fishways work well in most situations, but they can be difficult to install in some specific circumstances. Because the water flow generated by hydraulic projects is faster than the river's original flow, fish cannot migrate upstream in this high-speed current. Therefore, fishways are often designed along the banks of rivers to prevent the turbulent current downstream from the hydraulic project from affecting the fish in the fishway. However, when there is insufficient space on either side of the river to install a fishway, such as in a valley where both sides of the river are surrounded by rocky cliffs, forcing a fishway into place can significantly increase the construction cost of the hydraulic project. Furthermore, for hydraulic projects with large elevation differences between upstream and downstream, while lengthening the fishway can mitigate the high flow caused by the elevation difference, this also increases the construction cost of the fishway.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a fishway that can overcome the problems brought about by the river environment and has low cost is an issue that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a fishway which can be arranged at low cost under the condition that there is no fishway on both sides of a river.

[0007] In this regard, the inventors overcame the technical prejudice that fishways can only be arranged on the banks of rivers, but not in facilities such as energy-saving pools below sluices where the water flows rapidly. Instead, they creatively proposed that when the conditions for arranging fishways are not available on the banks of rivers, fishways can be arranged in energy-saving pools below sluices where the conditions are more sufficient. In this way, fishways can be arranged at low cost when the external environment is not suitable for the construction of fishways.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a fishway on one hand, which includes several turnaround sections connected in sequence and at least partially arranged on the slope section of the stilling pool downstream of the sluice, wherein the slope of each turnaround section is smaller than the slope of the slope section of the stilling pool, so as to form a fish migration channel extending from the bottom end of the stilling pool to the lock chamber of the sluice, wherein a fishway entrance is provided at the bottom end of the fish migration channel, and a fishway outlet connected to the lock chamber of the sluice is provided at the top end.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fishway also includes a turning point arranged at the connection position of two adjacent turning sections. The two adjacent turning sections extend in opposite directions with the turning point as the endpoint, and a water space that can accommodate fish to rest is provided in the turning point.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fishway further comprises a guide extending from the fishway entrance along the direction of water flow to guide the fish into the fishway entrance.

[0011] In some embodiments, a first baffle and a second baffle are provided in the return section perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the first baffle and the second baffle are staggered along the water flow direction to form a return waterway in the return section.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fish migration channel comprises, at least in part, pre-formed prefabricated components that can be assembled to connect with adjacent prefabricated components and / or existing components in the stilling basin.

[0013] In some embodiments, the fishway further comprises a water retaining member provided at the end of the gate of the sluice along the flow direction, the water retaining member extending perpendicularly to the flow direction so as to limit the water outlet of the gate to be connected only to the fishway outlet.

[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of fixed piers are provided at the end of the gate along the flow direction, and water retaining members are provided between adjacent fixed piers to limit the water outlet of the gate to be connected only to the fishway outlet.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a river sluice, which includes the above-mentioned fishway.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention provides a fishway arrangement method, which is used to arrange the above-mentioned fishway in a stilling basin downstream of a sluice gate, and comprises the following steps: S1: Locate the fishway route within the stilling basin; S2: A turnaround section is formed along the route to form a fish migration channel extending from the bottom of the stilling basin to the lock chamber of the sluice; S3: A fishway entrance and a fishway exit are formed at the bottom and top of the fishway respectively.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step S2 of the fishway arrangement method, the following steps are further included: S2.1a: Pre-arrange the molds according to the route in the stilling basin; S2.2a: Cast reinforced concrete in sequence in situ in molds to form the structure of the turnaround section.

[0018] In some embodiments, step S2 further includes the following steps: S2.1b: Arrange the prefabricated components in the stilling basin in sequence according to the route; S2.2b: Connect multiple prefabricated components sequentially to form a return section structure. Through the above technical solution, the fishway provided by the present invention can be installed in a stilling basin. Therefore, when the conditions on both sides of a river are not suitable for fishway installation, the fishway can be installed in the stilling basin at a low cost, and the use of the fishway can be ensured to be unaffected by the water flow from upstream to downstream in the stilling basin.

[0019] Specifically, when the fishway provided by the present invention is used, fish located downstream, driven by their migratory habits, enter the stilling pool upstream from the downstream of the stilling pool and are attracted by the water flow flowing out of the fishway entrance in the stilling pool at a flow rate suitable for migration. As a result, they can follow the direction of the water flow flowing out of the fishway entrance, enter the fishway through the fishway entrance at the bottom of the stilling pool, and then swim upstream in the fishway to directly enter the lock chamber upstream of the stilling pool. Since the fishway extends from the bottom of the stilling pool to the lock chamber of the sluice, the height difference of the stilling pool can be alleviated by climbing in sections, so that the water flow velocity in the fishway is reduced relative to the water flow velocity in the stilling pool, which is suitable for fish migration, so that the fish can swim upstream in the fishway, swim from the fishway entrance along the water flow direction in the fishway to the fishway exit, and finally enter the lock chamber upstream. The water flow velocity in the upstream lock chamber is relatively low, and the fish that enter the lock chamber through the fishway can continue to migrate to the upstream of the lock chamber on their own, thus completing their migration.

[0020] Therefore, the fishway provided by the present invention can be set up in the stilling basin at low cost when the conditions for arranging the fishway are not met on both sides of the river, thereby reducing the cost of the water conservancy project while ensuring the effect of the fishway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment provided by the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure at the middle BB; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure at CC in the middle; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the local cross-sectional structure at DD in the middle.

[0023] Description of Reference Numerals 1. Fishway; 11. Turning section; 111. First baffle; 112. Second baffle; 12. Turning point; 13. Fishway entrance; 131. Guide member; 14. Fishway exit; 2. Gate; 21. Water retaining member; 22. Fixed pier; 3. Stilling pool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are intended to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

[0025] The present invention provides these embodiments to make the present invention thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as limiting.

[0026] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means greater than or equal to two. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicating directions or positional relationships are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention and do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0027] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are simply used to distinguish different parts. "Perpendicular" does not mean perpendicular in the strict sense, but rather indicates that the positions are within the tolerance range. "Parallel" does not mean parallel in the strict sense, but rather indicates that the positions are within the tolerance range. "Include," "Comprise," and similar terms mean that the elements listed before the word include the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility that other elements may also be included.

[0028] It should also be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this invention depending on the specific circumstances. When a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the specific device and the first or second device.

[0029] All terms used herein have the same meanings as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in, for example, common dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or highly formal sense, unless explicitly defined herein.

[0030] The technologies, methods and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification. The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of the existing technology that it is difficult to mass-produce wet distiller's grains.

[0031] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a fishway 1 in a first aspect, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, it includes several return sections 11 connected in sequence and at least partially arranged on the slope section of the energy dissipation pool 3 downstream of the sluice. The slope of each return section 11 is smaller than the slope of the slope section of the energy dissipation pool 3, so as to form a fish migration channel extending from the bottom end of the energy dissipation pool 3 to the lock chamber of the sluice. The bottom end of the fish migration channel is provided with a fishway entrance 13, and the top end is provided with a fishway exit 14 connected to the lock chamber of the sluice.

[0032] The stilling pool 3 includes a ramp section and a bottom plate section disposed at the bottom of the ramp section, wherein the ramp section has a slope and the bottom surface of the bottom plate section is parallel to the horizontal plane. Due to the slope of the ramp section, the water entering the stilling pool 3 is accelerated when passing through the ramp section, resulting in excessive water flow, making it impossible for fish to pass through the ramp section and migrate upstream. The fishway 1 provided by the present invention is disposed in the ramp section of the stilling pool 3 to provide a channel with a water flow velocity lower than that of the water flow in the ramp section and suitable for fish migration, allowing fish to pass through the fishway 1 through the ramp section of the stilling pool 3 with turbulent water flow.

[0033] The fishway entrance 13 and the fishway exit 14 can be configured to have openable and closable gates so that the fishway 1 can be closed when not in use to prevent the fishway 1 from interfering with the normal operation of the sluice gate, and the fishway 1 can be opened in the fish migration season so that fish can migrate along the fishway 1 to upstream of the sluice gate.

[0034] When the fishway 1 provided by the present invention is used, the fishway entrance 13 and the fishway exit 14 are opened. Driven by their migratory habits, fish located downstream enter the stilling pool 3 upstream from the downstream side. In the stilling pool 3, they are attracted by the water flowing out of the fishway entrance 13, which has a flow rate suitable for migration. Thus, they can follow the direction of the water flowing out of the fishway entrance 13, enter the fishway 1 through the fishway entrance 13 at the bottom end of the stilling pool 3, and then swim upstream in the fishway 1 directly into the lock chamber upstream of the stilling pool 3. Because the fishway 1 extends in a roundabout way from the bottom end of the stilling pool 3 to the top of the lock chamber of the sluice, it can alleviate the height difference of the stilling pool 3 by climbing in stages, making the water flow velocity in the fishway 1 lower than the water flow velocity in the stilling pool 3, which is suitable for fish migration, allowing the fish to swim upstream in the fishway 1, swim along the direction of the water flow in the fishway 1 from the fishway entrance 13 to the fishway exit 14, and finally enter the lock chamber upstream. The water flow velocity in the upstream lock chamber is relatively low, and the fish entering the lock chamber through the fishway 1 can continue to migrate to the upstream of the lock chamber on their own, thus completing the migration process.

[0035] The return section 11 can be configured as any structure capable of reducing the water velocity in the return section 11 to a speed suitable for fish migration, thereby enabling fish to migrate in the return section 11 and migrate upstream of the sluice gate through the fishway 1. The aforementioned fishway 1 structure can be any existing fishway 1 structure, such as a Daniel type, a pool weir type, or a submerged hole type. As long as it does not conflict with the structure of the return section 11 of the present invention, any of these structures can be used in the return section 11.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fishway exit 14 corresponds to a gate 2 in the sluice, and the return section 11 extends to the lower portion of the gate 2 adjacent to the gate 2 where the fishway exit 14 is located. Figure 2 As shown, the height difference of the stilling pool 3 can be further alleviated by extending the length of the return section 11, thereby reducing the water flow velocity in the return section 11. When the above-mentioned fishway 1 is in use, the gates in the adjacent gates 2 of the gate 2 are closed, thereby preventing the water flow in the adjacent gates 2 from rushing into the fishway 1 and disrupting the water flow in the fishway 1, thereby hindering the normal operation of the fishway 1.

[0037] In some embodiments, the flow rate in the return section 11 is set to 0.6m 3 / s to 1.0m 3 / s, the slope of the return section is set to 1.6%, so that fish can be attracted by the low-speed water flow and enter the fishway 1 to complete their migration. The water depth in the return section 11 is set to 0.5m, so that fish can pass through the return section 11 smoothly.

[0038] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, backfill is provided in the gaps formed between adjacent return sections 11 to support the channel walls of the return sections 11 and disperse the impact force of the water flow, thereby increasing the service life of the fishway 1.

[0039] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, the backfill is at least as high as the wall of the lower return section 11 in the adjacent return section 11. This prevents water flowing through the fishway from being retained in the gap formed by the return section 11 during normal water discharge, and from forming a closed water body after the water level drops. The backfill can be made of concrete, or other suitable backfill materials can be used.

[0040] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fishway 1 also includes a turning point 12 arranged at the connection position of two adjacent turning sections 11. The two adjacent turning sections 11 extend in opposite directions with the turning point 12 as the endpoint. A water space that can accommodate fish to rest is provided in the turning point 12.

[0041] Fish will continue to swim upstream during their migration, so the migration process consumes a lot of their energy. In the prior art, when fish pass through a sloped channel, they may experience excessive energy consumption due to the length of the channel and the high flow rate of the water, making it impossible for them to migrate upstream smoothly. In order to solve the problem of fish being unable to pass through the channel smoothly due to the excessive slope, the prior art also uses a reversible channel to reduce the height difference through multiple reversals, thereby reducing the flow rate of the water and reducing the resistance encountered by fish during migration. However, reducing the height difference of the channel by setting up a reversing channel will inevitably lead to an increase in the total length of the channel, which is also not conducive to fish migration. At the same time, increasing the number of channel reversals will also lead to a larger area occupied by the channel, requiring more shore construction space, which is not only more expensive but also more demanding on construction conditions.

[0042] To ensure that fish can migrate smoothly upstream of the sluice gate and avoid failure in the fishway 1 due to lack of energy, a turning point 12 is formed in the fishway 1 provided by the present invention. The turning point 12 is located at the corner of two adjacent turning sections 11. The cross-sectional area of ​​the turning point 12 in the direction of water flow is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the turning section 11. The total amount of water flow remains unchanged during the process of entering the turning point 12 from the turning section 11. According to the continuity equation, the flow velocity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area in the direction of water flow. Therefore, the water flow velocity at the turning point 12 is necessarily lower than the water flow velocity in the turning section 11. At the same time, the turning point 12 includes both water flowing from the upstream turning section 11 to the turning point 12 and water flowing from the turning point 12 to the downstream turning section 11. The two water flows have different directions. Therefore, when the water flows from the upstream turning section 11 into the turning point 12, water bodies with different flow velocities and directions will be mixed, resulting in the energy of the water flowing from the upstream turning section 11 into the turning point 11 being dissipated, further reducing the flow rate of the water flowing into the turning point 12. Therefore, a fish resting area with a lower water flow rate can be formed at the turning point 12, allowing fish to rest temporarily while passing through the fishway 1.

[0043] Fish regain their strength at the turning point 12 before migrating, significantly improving their migration success rate compared to continuously passing through the turning section 11. The fishway 1 provided by the present invention, by providing the turning section 11 and the turning point 12 in the stilling basin 3, not only solves the problem of fish becoming exhausted and failing to migrate after traversing the long fishway 1, but also solves the problem of the fishway 1 occupying too much shore space and being too expensive.

[0044] In some embodiments, the turning point 12 in the fishway 1 is configured to have a horizontal bottom surface to reduce the flow rate of water in the turning point 12 and accommodate fish to rest in the turning point 12 .

[0045] Through the bottom surface being a horizontal plane, the water flow can be decelerated more when entering the fishway 1, so that the water flow speed in the low-speed water flow area formed at the turning point 12 is lower, and the fish resting therein consume less physical energy, thereby achieving a higher migration success rate.

[0046] In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the turning point 12 is configured to be lower than the bottom surface of the adjacent turning section 11 to form a larger accommodation space within the turning point 12. The turning point 12 with the above-described bottom surface can, on the one hand, reduce the water flow velocity by increasing the flow cross-section within the turning point 12, and on the other hand, increase the volume of the water within the turning point 12 by increasing the volume of the turning point 12, thereby enhancing the energy dissipation of the water flowing in from the upstream turning section 11, further reducing the water flow velocity, and causing fish to consume less energy when resting at the turning point 12.

[0047] In some embodiments, additional facilities capable of reducing water flow velocity may be provided in the turning section 11 and the turning point 12 to reduce the water flow velocity in the turning section 11 and the turning point 12 and form a low-speed water flow area with even lower water flow velocity in the turning point 12. The facilities for reducing water flow velocity may be any facilities that can be provided in the turning section 11 and the turning point 12 and do not hinder fish migration, such as serrated steps below the water surface or aquatic plants that do not hinder the passage of fish.

[0048] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fishway 1 further includes a guide 131 extending from the fishway entrance 13 along the water flow direction to guide fish into the fishway entrance 13 .

[0049] By setting the guide 131 along the direction of water flow, it is possible to prevent the water flow with a lower speed and suitable for fish migration flowing out of the fishway entrance 13 from mixing with the faster water flow in the energy dissipation pool 3, so that the water flow speed in the downstream water body of the energy dissipation pool 3 is more suitable for fish migration, making it easier for fish to be attracted by the water flow flowing out of the fishway 1 and enter the fishway 1 through the fishway entrance 13 to complete migration.

[0050] The guide member 131 can be configured as any type of guide member 131, such as a plate-like structure extending along the direction of the water flow. Those skilled in the art can adjust its extension length according to parameters such as the water flow velocity of the stilling basin.

[0051] The guide member 131 can be configured to extend from the fishway entrance 13 set in the ramp section of the stilling pool 3 to the bottom section of the stilling pool 3, so as to guide the water flow flowing out of the fishway entrance 13 to the bottom section of the stilling pool 3, so that the fish in the bottom section of the stilling pool 3 can be guided by the water flow into the fishway 1 and migrate from the fishway 1 to the lock chamber.

[0052] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a first baffle 111 and a second baffle 112 are provided in the return section 11 perpendicular to the water flow direction. The first baffle 111 and the second baffle 112 are staggered along the water flow direction to form a return waterway in the return section 11.

[0053] The staggered arrangement of the first and second baffles 111, 112 forms a return channel in the return section. The water collides with the first and second baffles 111, 112, changing direction, thereby reducing the velocity of the water flow in the return section 11. A region with lower flow velocity is also formed between adjacent first and second baffles 111, 112, allowing fish to rest temporarily there.

[0054] Furthermore, the first separator 111 and the second separator 112 may be configured to have arched or rounded ends, thereby increasing the strength of the first separator 111 and the second separator 112 .

[0055] In some embodiments, the fish migration channel at least partially comprises pre-formed prefabricated components that can be assembled to connect with adjacent prefabricated components and / or existing components in the stilling basin 3.

[0056] Because fish migration is seasonal, the fishway 1 is typically operated only during specific seasons when fish migration occurs. If structural damage is discovered in the fishway 1, repairs are necessary. However, the fish migration period is relatively short, necessitating a quick-to-assemble fishway. Prefabricated components can be quickly replaced with new ones if problems arise, allowing for rapid repair of the damaged fishway 1 and avoiding the time-consuming on-site cement pouring process.

[0057] Meanwhile, for sluice gates and stilling pools 3 where fish passage facilities are not available, when the fishway 1 provided by the present invention is planned to be installed in the stilling pool 3, the sluice gates are usually already in operation. In this case, in order to install the fishway 1, it is usually necessary to shut down at least some of the sluice gates. By using a fishway 1 with prefabricated components, the fishway 1 can be formed more quickly, thereby shortening the construction time of the fishway 1 and allowing the sluice gates to be put into use more quickly.

[0058] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fishway 1 also includes a water retaining member 21 arranged at the end of the gate 2 of the sluice along the flow direction, and the water retaining member 21 extends perpendicular to the flow direction so as to limit the outlet of the corresponding gate 2 near the river bank to be connected only to the fishway outlet 14.

[0059] When the fish pass through the fishway 1 and enter the gate, although the slope at the gate 2 is gentler than the slope in the energy dissipation pool 3, the water flow still has a certain speed. The fish that have just swam out of the fishway exit 14 may be driven by the water flow at the gate 2 and rushed into the energy dissipation pool 3 downstream, causing them to re-enter the fishway 1 for migration.

[0060] To prevent this from happening, the fishway 1 provided by the present invention provides a water retaining member 21 at the end of the gate 2, allowing the water flowing out of the gate 2 to flow out completely through the portion of the water outlet not blocked by the water retaining member 21. Furthermore, the water outlet is limited to communicate only with the fishway outlet 14, allowing the water flowing out of the gate 2 to enter the fishway 1 completely through the fishway outlet 14. With this arrangement, even if fish are swept away by the current after entering the gate 2, they will be swept into the fishway 1 or onto the water retaining member 21, rather than into the dead corner area between the fishway 1 and the gate 2 or the stilling pool 3. This allows the fish to continue their upstream migration after resting.

[0061] It is understandable that the water blocking member 21 can be set as any component that can block the water flow in the gate 2 and limit the outflow direction of the water flow in the gate 2, such as a metal plate arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction.

[0062] In some embodiments, the water retaining member 21 can be configured as a low wall formed by pouring concrete, with a height higher than the normal water level, to provide sufficient structural strength to withstand the impact of water flow without deformation. Furthermore, if the water level of the river where the sluice is installed is higher than the normal water level and the sluice needs to release floodwater, the water will directly overflow the water retaining member 21 and rush into the stilling basin 3, thereby preventing the water retaining member 21 from being too high and unable to be removed when flood discharge is required, thereby hindering flood discharge.

[0063] In some embodiments, the water retaining member 21 can be configured as a retractable folding plate structure and connected to a remotely controlled drive mechanism, so that when water retaining is not required, for example, when the fishway 1 is not in operation or when flood discharge is required, the water retaining member 21 can be retracted, thereby increasing the outlet area of ​​the gate 2 and enabling normal drainage. The water retaining member 21 can also be configured as a gate that can be driven to rise and fall in the vertical direction, thereby being able to switch between a water retaining and a non-water retaining state.

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of fixed piers 22 are provided at the end of the gate 2 along the flow direction, and water retaining members 21 are provided between adjacent fixed piers 22 to limit the water outlet of the gate 2 to be connected only to the fishway outlet 14 .

[0065] By setting up multiple fixed piers 22 and water retaining parts 21 between the fixed piers 22, the load of water flow impact can be distributed to multiple water retaining parts 21. Therefore, this setting has stronger impact resistance than a single water retaining part 21, and is less likely to be damaged when facing water flow impact. After damage, the water retaining function can be repaired by replacing a single damaged water retaining part 21 without the need for overall replacement.

[0066] Another aspect of the present invention provides a dam gate, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, it includes the fishway 1 mentioned above.

[0067] The weir includes a plurality of gates 2, all of which are downstream of a stilling pool 3. Water flows through the gates 2 into the stilling pool 3 so as to be decelerated to a predetermined flow rate. A fishway 1 is provided in the stilling pool 3 downstream of at least one gate 2. The fishway entrance 13 of the fishway 1 is provided at the bottom of the stilling pool 3, and the fishway exit 14 extends into the gate chamber in the gate 2, so that the water in the gate 2 flows into the fishway 1 through the fishway exit 14 and is decelerated in the fishway 1 to a flow rate suitable for fish migration, thereby allowing the fish to migrate to the top of the weir through the fishway 1. A water retaining member 21 is also installed at the gate where the fishway 1 is installed. The water retaining member 21 can limit the water outlet of the gate 2 to be directly opposite the fishway exit 14, thereby preventing the fish swimming out of the fishway 1 from being washed back into the stilling pool 3 by the water flow.

[0068] When the fishway 1 is needed, the gate in front of the gate 2 in the dam where the fishway 1 is installed is adjusted and used to limit the speed of the water flowing out of the gate 2, so that the water flow speed entering the fishway outlet 14 is a predetermined value, so that the speed of the decelerated water flow passing through the fishway 1 can meet the water flow speed required for fish migration, thereby enabling the fishway 1 to work normally and attract fish to migrate through the fishway 1 to the upstream of the dam to complete their migration.

[0069] Another aspect of the present invention provides a fishway arrangement method, which is used to arrange the above-mentioned fishway 1 in a stilling basin downstream of a sluice gate, and comprises the following steps: S1: Locate the route of fishway 1 in stilling basin 3; S2: forming a return section 11 along the route to form a fish migration channel extending from the bottom end of the stilling basin 3 to the lock chamber of the sluice; S3: A fishway entrance 13 and a fishway exit 14 are formed at the bottom and top of the fishway 1 respectively.

[0070] In step S1, the specific parameters of the fishway 1, specifically the width, length, slope, and number of return sections 11, are determined based on parameters such as the slope, water velocity, and flow rate of the stilling basin 3. Once these parameters are calculated, the gate 2 corresponding to the fishway 1 is selected, and the fishway 1 is positioned using a positioning device. This positioning device can be a positioning stake or any other positioning device commonly used in construction.

[0071] In the above step S2, construction is started along the route located in step S1, and interconnected return sections 11 are formed. The return sections 11 have a predetermined width, length and slope, so that the water flowing into them can be slowed down to a speed suitable for fish migration.

[0072] In the above step S3 , a fishway entrance 13 and a fishway exit 14 are respectively provided at the bottom and top of the fishway 1 , so that the fishway entrance 13 can be located downstream of the stilling pool 3 , and the fishway exit 14 can be located upstream of the stilling pool 3 .

[0073] In some embodiments, in order to arrange a fishway 1 in a stilling pool 3 downstream of a sluice gate that has been put into operation, step S1 in the above-mentioned fishway arrangement method further includes step S1.1: using a fence to define a space in the stilling pool 3 in which the fishway 1 can be arranged. The fence is set to any fence that can block water from entering the space in which the fishway 1 is arranged. The fence can prevent water from entering the space, thereby allowing the fishway 1 to be arranged in the stilling pool 3 without stopping the sluice gate.

[0074] In some embodiments, in step S2 of the fishway arrangement method, the following steps are further included: S2.1a: Pre-arrange the molds according to the route in the stilling basin 3; S2.2a: Cast reinforced concrete in sequence on site in the formwork to form the structure of the return section 11.

[0075] The mold in steps S2.1a and S2.2a can be any mold capable of receiving and pouring concrete, so that the reinforced concrete can be formed into the structure of the return section 11. By pre-arranging the mold and pouring the reinforced concrete into the mold, the reinforced concrete return section 11 can be formed, and the fishway 1 is formed by these return sections 11. The reinforced concrete material has high strength, which can form a durable fishway 1 that is resistant to water impact.

[0076] In some embodiments, step S2 further includes the following steps: S2.1b: Arrange the prefabricated components in the stilling basin 3 in sequence according to the route; S2.2b: Connect multiple prefabricated components in sequence to form the structure of the return section 11.

[0077] The prefabricated components in steps S2.1b and S2.2b above can be made of any material suitable for forming the channel wall of the return section 11. They form at least a portion of the shape of the channel wall of the return section 11 and can be connected after multiple prefabricated components are connected. By using prefabricated components, the considerable time required for conventional construction methods such as pouring concrete can be avoided. For sluice gates that have already been put into use, the time required to form the fishway 1 determines the time the sluice gate is suspended. Forming the fishway 1 with prefabricated components can greatly reduce the time required to form the fishway 1.

[0078] In step S2.2b, the plurality of prefabricated components may be connected to each other in any manner, for example, by using prefabricated components having connecting portions for interconnection, and connecting the prefabricated components via the connecting portions thereon.

[0079] By using the above-mentioned method for arranging the fishway 1, the ramp section of the energy-dissipating pool 3 can be arranged to form a fishway extending from the energy-dissipating pool 3 to the lock chamber of the sluice gate. Thus, when the shore does not have the conditions for arranging the fishway 1, the fishway 1 can be arranged in the energy-dissipating pool 3 below the sluice gate, thereby saving costs by saving construction land. Moreover, this fishway arrangement method is applicable to the energy-dissipating pool 3, and thus is applicable to any sluice gate with an energy-dissipating pool 3 at the bottom, and can solve the problem that the fishway 1 cannot be arranged in the sluice gate. Therefore, the arrangement method provided by the present invention has a large scope of application. So far, the various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. In order to avoid obscuring the concept of the present invention, some details known in the art have not been described. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solution invented here.

[0080] Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail through examples, those skilled in the art will understand that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts.

Claims

1. A fishway (1), characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of turnaround sections (11) which are at least partially arranged on a slope section of a stilling pool (3) downstream of a sluice gate and are connected in sequence, wherein the slope of each turnaround section (11) is smaller than the slope of the slope section of the stilling pool (3) so as to form a fish migration channel which extends from the bottom end of the stilling pool (3) to the lock chamber of the sluice gate in a turnaround manner, wherein a fishway entrance (13) is arranged at the bottom end of the fish migration channel, and a fishway exit (14) which is connected to the lock chamber of the sluice gate is arranged at the top end.

2. The fishway (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention also includes a turning point (12) provided at the connection position of two adjacent turning sections (11), wherein the two adjacent turning sections (11) extend in opposite directions with the turning point (12) as an end point, and a water space capable of accommodating fish to rest is provided in the turning point (12).

3. The fishway (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that A first baffle (111) and a second baffle (112) are provided in the return section (11) perpendicular to the water flow direction. The first baffle (111) and the second baffle (112) are staggered along the water flow direction to form a return waterway in the return section (11).

4. The fishway (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The fish migration channel at least partially comprises pre-formed prefabricated components, which can be assembled to be connected with adjacent prefabricated components and / or other parts of the stilling basin (3).

5. The fishway (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that It comprises a water retaining member (21) provided at the end of the gate (2) of the water gate along the flow direction, and the water retaining member (21) extends perpendicularly to the flow direction so as to limit the water outlet of the corresponding gate (2) to be in communication only with the fishway outlet (14).

6. The fishway (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that A plurality of fixed piers (22) are provided at the end of the gate (2) along the flow direction, and the water retaining member (21) is provided between adjacent fixed piers (22) to limit the water outlet of the gate (2) to be in communication only with the fishway outlet (14).

7. A dam gate, characterized in that: Comprising a fishway (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A fishway arrangement method, characterized in that: Used to arrange the fishway (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprising the following steps: S1: Locating the route of the fishway (1) in the stilling basin (3); S2: forming the return section (11) along the route to form the fish migration channel extending from the bottom end of the stilling pool (3) to the lock chamber of the sluice; S3: A fishway entrance (13) and a fishway exit (14) are formed at the bottom and top of the fishway (1), respectively.

9. The fishway arrangement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the following steps are also included: S2.1a: pre-arranging the molds in the stilling basin (3) according to the route; S2.2a: Cast reinforced concrete in the mold in sequence on site to form the structure of the return section (11).

10. The fishway arrangement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the following steps are also included: S2.1b: Arrange the prefabricated components in the stilling basin (3) in sequence according to the route; S2.2b: Connecting a plurality of the prefabricated components in sequence to form the structure of the return section (11).

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