Drilling device and method for geotechnical engineering exploration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering exploration, in particular to a drilling device and method for geotechnical engineering exploration. Comprising a positioning bracket, a multi-section hydraulic rod, a mounting tank, a driving motor, a speed regulating mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a connecting ring, a reamer bit and a drilling bit. The problems that in the geotechnical engineering exploration drilling process in the prior art, the rotating speed of a drill bit cannot be automatically adjusted, and energy consumption is large can be solved; soil in excavated holes cannot be discharged, so that the excavation efficiency is greatly reduced; holes with different diameters cannot be excavated, limitation is large, and the application range is small. The rotating speed of the drilling bit can be automatically adjusted according to soil or rock encountered in the drilling process; through the discharging groove and the excavating groove of the reamer bit, excavated broken stones and soil can be discharged upwards; the rock-soil drilling device can meet the requirement for the rock-soil drilling diameter under different requirements, and the application range is greatly widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering exploration, and in particular to a drilling device and method for geotechnical engineering exploration. Background Art

[0002] Existing drilling devices for geotechnical engineering exploration usually use a rotating drill bit for drilling, which is driven by mechanical force or a hydraulic system to rotate the drill bit to achieve penetration of the formation. However, these existing technologies often have problems such as low drilling efficiency and severe drill bit wear under complex and changeable geological conditions, such as hard rocks, broken zones or formations with high water content, which limits their application effect in harsh outdoor environments.

[0003] In the prior art, a large number of drilling holes and corresponding devices for geotechnical engineering exploration are also disclosed. Among them, a Chinese patent with publication number CN220705657U discloses a geological exploration drilling device; it includes a positioning tube, and also includes: a support assembly, which is used to provide stable support for the drilling hole; the support assembly includes a strut, a hinge seat and a tapered tube, multiple struts are hinged to the positioning tube through the hinge seat on the positioning tube, multiple struts are respectively hinged with hinge seats, and multiple hinge seats are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the tapered tube, the strut is hinged to the connecting rod through the hinge seat thereon, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the slip ring on the slip ring, and the slip ring is slidably connected to the positioning tube through the slide rail on the positioning tube. When it is in use, the movement state of the slip ring and the relative position of the positioning tube can be monitored in real time through the cooperation of the positioning tube and the slide rail, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the drilling, and the left-hand screw and the right-hand screw in the box body at the upper end of the positioning tube can be used to limit the slip ring, thereby preventing the slip ring from tilting during the drilling process and improving the drilling accuracy.

[0004] However, in the process of drilling holes for geotechnical engineering exploration using the above-mentioned prior art, there are still the following shortcomings: 1. There may be a large number of stones in the rock and soil, so during the excavation process, the drill bit speed required for excavating soil and stones is different. When excavating soil, the drill bit does not need to rotate quickly. When encountering stones, the drill bit rotation speed can be increased. However, the above-mentioned prior art cannot automatically adjust the drill bit rotation speed, and its energy consumption is relatively large.

[0005] 2. During rock excavation, if the excavated soil and gravel are not discharged from the hole, the soil and gravel will accumulate above the drill bit and continue to fall to the bottom of the drill bit, thereby affecting the excavation efficiency. The above-mentioned prior art cannot discharge the soil in the excavated hole, which greatly reduces the excavation efficiency.

[0006] 3. Under different demands, the diameters of holes required for rock and soil excavation are different, but the above-mentioned prior art can only excavate holes of one diameter and cannot excavate holes of different diameters. It has great limitations and a small scope of application.

[0007] Therefore, based on the above-stated viewpoints, there is still room for improvement in the existing geotechnical drilling technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration, including a positioning bracket, a multi-section hydraulic rod is connected to the bottom of the positioning bracket, and the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod is connected to a mounting tank. The device is characterized in that a driving motor is installed on the top wall of the mounting tank, a speed regulating mechanism is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor, and a drilling mechanism is rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting tank.

[0009] The drilling mechanism comprises a connecting ring rotatably connected to the bottom of the installation tank, a plurality of reaming drill bits equidistantly distributed around the circumference are installed on the outer wall of the connecting ring, and a drilling drill bit is installed on the bottom of the connecting ring.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the output shaft of the driving motor is sleeved with a power gear, and two extension brackets symmetrically arranged up and down are installed on the inner wall of the mounting tank, a transmission shaft is rotatably connected between the two extension brackets, the outer wall of the transmission shaft is sleeved with a linkage gear meshing with the power gear, the outer wall of the transmission shaft is respectively sleeved with a first speed regulating gear and a second speed regulating gear located between the two extension brackets, a transmission shaft is installed on the upper end of the drilling drill bit, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft is respectively rotatably sleeved with a first reduction gear and a second reduction gear meshing with the first speed regulating gear and the second speed regulating gear.

[0011] Preferably, a cross is sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission shaft, and four extension sections of the cross are connected to the inner wall of the connecting ring.

[0012] Preferably, the speed regulating mechanism comprises a matching gear sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission shaft, a matching gear ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the matching gear, a linkage ring is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the matching gear ring, and linkage gear rings are installed on opposite sides of the first reduction gear and the second reduction gear.

[0013] Preferably, the speed regulating mechanism also includes a plurality of extrusion springs connected between the plurality of extension sections of the cross and the drilling bit, a sliding groove is provided on the outer wall of the mounting tank, a bending rod is connected to the outer wall of the linkage ring, a sliding sleeve on the outer wall of the mounting tank is provided with a slide rail ring, a slide rail groove is provided on the upper end of the slide rail ring, the bending rod slides in the slide rail groove away from the linkage ring on the side, an L-shaped rod is connected to the outer wall of the drilling bit and the bottom of the slide rail ring, the L-shaped rod is rotatably connected to the slide rail ring, and a telescopic rod is installed between the transmission shaft and the drilling bit.

[0014] Preferably, a transmission ring is installed on the inner wall of the mounting tank through a connecting bracket, a plurality of circumferentially equidistantly arranged tooth blocks are installed at the bottom of the transmission ring, a plurality of linkage shafts are rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting ring, the end of the linkage shaft away from the axis of the connecting ring is connected to the reaming drill bit, and a transmission gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the linkage shaft away from the reaming drill bit, and the transmission gear is meshed with the tooth block.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of discharge grooves are provided on the side of the reaming drill bit away from the axis of the connecting ring, and a plurality of excavation grooves are provided on the outer wall of the reaming drill bit.

[0016] Preferably, a spiral plate for discharging waste slag upwards is installed at the upper end of the slide rail ring, and the spiral plate is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank.

[0017] In addition, the present invention also provides a drilling method for geotechnical engineering exploration, comprising the following steps: S1, device fixation and adjustment: first fix it through a positioning bracket, then start the multi-section hydraulic rod, and the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod drives the installation tank, drive motor, speed regulation mechanism and drilling mechanism to descend synchronously.

[0018] S2. Geotechnical drilling: By rotating the connecting ring, the drilling bit and the reaming bit, the connecting ring drives the reaming bit to move circumferentially, so that the drilling bit can drill the area to be explored. At the same time, the reaming bit can expand the hole drilled by the drilling bit during the circumferential rotation process, thereby increasing the drilling speed and greatly improving the drilling efficiency.

[0019] S3. Automatic speed adjustment: When drilling in the soil, the drilling speed is automatically adjusted through the speed regulating mechanism, which saves energy while reducing the wear of the drilling bit and maintaining the drilling efficiency.

[0020] S4. Automatic discharge: During the hole digging process, the gravel and soil generated by the hole digging are discharged to prevent the gravel and soil from entering the installation tank and affecting the hole digging.

[0021] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention can drive the drilling bit and the reaming bit to descend and rotate synchronously through a multi-section hydraulic rod and a driving motor, thereby realizing rapid drilling of rock and soil. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drilling bit can be automatically adjusted according to the soil or rock encountered during the drilling process. When drilling soil, the drilling bit rotates at a low speed to reduce wear; and when drilling rock, the drilling bit automatically accelerates to improve crushing efficiency. This adaptive adjustment mechanism not only reduces energy consumption, but also effectively extends the service life of the drilling bit. In addition, the reaming bit can expand the hole based on the hole drilled by the drilling bit, further improving the drilling speed, so that the overall drilling efficiency is significantly improved.

[0022] 2. The present invention can discharge the excavated gravel and soil upward through the discharge groove and excavation groove of the reaming drill bit, so as to avoid their accumulation and affect the operation of the reaming drill bit. At the same time, the slide ring drives the spiral plate to rotate, and the gravel and soil discharged by the reaming drill bit continue to be transmitted upward and finally discharged out of the hole. There is no need to manually remove the discharge material, thus saving manpower and time. In addition, the spiral plate is sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank, which can effectively prevent the gravel and soil from entering the interior of the installation tank through the sliding groove, thus avoiding blockage inside the device and ensuring the normal operation of the device.

[0023] 3. The present invention can change the position of the reaming drill bit by rotating the screw rod so that the adjusting block can slide up and down along the transmission shaft. When the adjusting block moves downward, the diameter of the hole dug by the reaming drill bit becomes larger; when the adjusting block moves upward, the diameter of the hole dug by the reaming drill bit becomes smaller. It can adapt to the requirements for the diameter size of rock and soil drilling holes under different needs, greatly improving the scope of application and application flexibility of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the speed regulating mechanism and the drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a first structural schematic diagram of the speed regulating mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a second structural schematic diagram of the speed regulating mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a third structural schematic diagram of the speed regulating mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spiral plate of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the reaming drill bit and the adjusting block of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure, 1, positioning bracket; 2, multi-section hydraulic rod; 3, mounting tank; 31, driving motor; 4, speed regulating mechanism; 41, power gear; 42, extension bracket; 43, transmission shaft; 44, linkage gear; 45, first speed regulating gear; 46, second speed regulating gear; 47, transmission shaft; 48, first reduction gear; 49, second reduction gear; 50, cross; 51, matching gear; 52, matching gear ring; 53, linkage ring; 54, linkage gear ring; 5 5. Extrusion spring; 56. Sliding groove; 57. Bending rod; 58. Slide ring; 59. Slide groove; 60. L-shaped rod; 61. Telescopic rod; 7. Drilling mechanism; 71. Connecting ring; 72. Reaming drill bit; 73. Drilling drill bit; 74. Transmission ring; 75. Gear block; 76. Linkage shaft; 77. Transmission gear; 78. Discharge chute; 79. Digging chute; 80. Spiral plate; 81. Adjusting shaft; 82. Adjusting block; 83. Screw; 84. Reset spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 8 While embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0035] The embodiment of the present application discloses a drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration. It should be noted that the drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration of the present application is mainly used in the process of drilling for geotechnical engineering exploration. In terms of technical effect, it can drive the drilling drill bit 73 and the reaming drill bit 72 to descend and rotate synchronously through the coordinated work of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2 and the drive motor 31, so as to achieve rapid drilling of rock and soil. It can also automatically adjust the rotation speed of the drilling drill bit 73 according to the soil or rock encountered during the drilling process. In particular, during the drilling process, the discharge trough 78 and the excavation trough 79 of the reaming drill bit 72 can discharge the excavated gravel and soil upward to prevent their accumulation from affecting the operation of the reaming drill bit 72. Furthermore, the drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration can also increase or decrease the diameter of the reaming drill bit 72 by rotating the screw 83, thereby adapting to the requirements for the diameter size of rock and soil drilling under different needs, thereby greatly improving the scope of application and application flexibility of the device.

[0036] Embodiment 1: Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration includes a positioning bracket 1, a multi-section hydraulic rod 2 is connected to the bottom of the positioning bracket 1, a mounting tank 3 is connected to the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2, a driving motor 31 is installed on the top wall of the mounting tank 3, a speed regulating mechanism is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 31, and a drilling mechanism 7 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting tank 3.

[0037] The drilling mechanism 7 comprises a connecting ring 71 rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting tank 3 , a plurality of reaming drill bits 72 equidistantly distributed around the circumference are mounted on the outer wall of the connecting ring 71 , and a drilling drill bit 73 is mounted on the bottom of the connecting ring 71 .

[0038] During the specific implementation process, the device is first moved to the top of the rock and soil where drilling is required, and then fixed by the positioning bracket 1, and then the multi-section hydraulic rod 2 is started. The telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2 drives the installation tank 3, the drive motor 31, the speed regulating mechanism and the drilling mechanism 7 to descend synchronously, and then the drive motor 31 is started. The output shaft of the drive motor 31 drives the connecting ring 71 and the reaming drill bit 72 to rotate circumferentially through the speed regulating mechanism, and drives the drilling drill bit 73 to rotate at the same time, thereby drilling holes in the rock and soil. In addition, when drilling holes in the soil, the speed regulating mechanism drives the drilling drill bit 73 to rotate at a low speed, thereby reducing the wear of the drilling drill bit 73; when the drilling drill bit 73 and the reaming drill bit 72 encounter hard rock during the digging process, the speed regulating mechanism automatically accelerates the rotation speed of the drilling drill bit 73, thereby accelerating the crushing and excavation of the rock.

[0039] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to increase the speed and efficiency of drilling, based on this, in this embodiment, the outer wall of the output shaft of the driving motor 31 is sleeved with a power gear 41, and the inner wall of the mounting tank 3 is installed with two upper and lower symmetrically arranged extension brackets 42, and a transmission shaft 43 is rotatably connected between the two extension brackets 42, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 43 is sleeved with a linkage gear 44 meshing with the power gear 41, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 43 is sleeved with a first speed regulating gear 45 and a second speed regulating gear 46 located between the two extension brackets 42, respectively, and a transmission shaft 47 is installed on the upper end of the drilling drill bit 73, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 47 is rotatably sleeved with a first reduction gear 48 and a second reduction gear 49 meshing with the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46, respectively, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 47 is sleeved with a cross 50, and the four extension sections of the cross 50 are connected to the inner wall of the connecting ring 71.

[0040] It should be noted that the tooth pitch of the first speed regulating gear 45 is greater than that of the second speed regulating gear 46, and the tooth pitch of the first reduction gear 48 is smaller than that of the second reduction gear 49. Therefore, when the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46 rotate at the same speed, the transmission ratio of the first speed regulating gear 45 and the first reduction gear 48 is greater than the transmission ratio of the second speed regulating gear 46 and the second reduction gear 49.

[0041] During the specific implementation process, the output shaft of the driving motor 31 drives the power gear 41 to rotate, the power gear 41 drives the linkage gear 44 and the transmission shaft 43 to rotate, the transmission shaft 43 drives the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46 to rotate, the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46 drive the first reduction gear 48 and the second reduction gear 49 to rotate, and during the rotation of the first reduction gear 48 and the second reduction gear 49, the transmission shaft 47 is driven to rotate through the speed regulating mechanism, the transmission shaft 47 drives the connecting ring 71 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move circumferentially through the cross 50, the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling drill bit 73 to rotate, the drilling drill bit 73 drills the area to be explored, and at the same time, during the circumferential rotation of the reaming drill bit 72, the borehole drilled by the drilling drill bit 73 is expanded, so that the borehole is enlarged, thereby accelerating the drilling speed and greatly improving the drilling efficiency.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to enable the drilling bit 73 to automatically adjust the rotation speed during the digging process, based on this, in the present embodiment, the speed regulating mechanism includes a mating gear 51 sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission shaft 47, the outer wall of the mating gear 51 is sleeved with a mating gear ring 52, the outer wall of the mating gear ring 52 is rotatably sleeved with a linkage ring 53, and the opposite sides of the first reduction gear 48 and the second reduction gear 49 are both installed with linkage gear rings 54.

[0043] The speed regulating mechanism also includes a plurality of extrusion springs 55 connected between the plurality of extension sections of the cross 50 and the drilling bit 73, a sliding groove 56 is provided on the outer wall of the mounting tank 3, a bending rod 57 is connected to the outer wall of the linkage ring 53, a sliding sleeve of the outer wall of the mounting tank 3 is provided with a slide rail ring 58, a slide rail groove 59 is provided on the upper end of the slide rail ring 58, the bending rod 57 slides in the slide rail groove 59 away from the linkage ring 53, an L-shaped rod 60 is connected between the outer wall of the drilling bit 73 and the bottom of the slide rail ring 58, the L-shaped rod 60 is rotatably connected to the slide rail ring 58, and a telescopic rod 61 is installed between the transmission shaft 47 and the drilling bit 73.

[0044] In the initial state, the linkage ring 53 and the matching gear ring 52 are sleeved on the outer wall of the linkage gear ring 54 below under the elastic force of the extrusion spring 55, so that the drilling drill bit 73 rotates at the lowest speed.

[0045] It should be noted that the extrusion spring 55 always applies a downward elastic force to the drilling bit 73, so that when the drilling bit 73 encounters hard rock during the drilling process, it can shrink upward and automatically change the rotation speed.

[0046] In the specific implementation process, when drilling a hole in the soil, the linkage ring 53 and the matching gear ring 52 are meshed with the linkage gear ring 54 below under the elastic force of the extrusion spring 55, and the linkage gear ring 54 is driven to rotate during the rotation of the second reduction gear 49. The linkage gear ring 54 drives the matching gear 51 to rotate through the matching gear ring 52, and the matching gear 51 drives the transmission shaft 47 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling bit 73 to rotate, thereby maintaining low-speed rotation, reducing energy consumption, and avoiding the drilling bit 73 from maintaining high-speed rotation, thereby increasing the wear rate of the drill bit; when the drilling bit 73 drills into hard rock, the bottom rotation speed of the drilling bit 73 cannot ensure that its drilling speed is synchronized with the downward pressure speed of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2, thereby the drilling bit 73 is not able to rotate at a high speed. The head 73 moves upward under the action of the downward pressure of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2, and the extrusion spring 55 and the telescopic rod are adaptively contracted. The drilling bit 73 drives the L-shaped rod 60 and the slide ring 58 to rise synchronously, and the slide ring 58 drives the bending rod 57, the linkage ring 53 and the matching gear ring 52 to rise synchronously, and makes the matching gear ring 52 mesh with the linkage gear ring 54 located above, so that the first reduction gear 48 drives the matching gear ring 52, the matching gear 51 and the transmission shaft 47 to rotate rapidly through the matching gear ring 52, and the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling bit 73 to rotate synchronously at a high speed, so that the drilling bit 73 accelerates the crushing of the rock, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment of the drilling speed by the device, while saving energy and reducing the wear of the drilling bit 73 while maintaining the drilling efficiency.

[0047] It should be noted that during the rotation of the L-shaped rod 60 , the slide rail ring 58 is driven to rotate along the outer wall of the mounting tank 3 . During the rotation of the slide rail ring 58 , the bending rod 57 cannot rotate due to the limitation of the sliding groove 56 , and the bending rod 57 slides in the slide rail groove 59 .

[0048] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in order to discharge the waste residue generated by excavation while excavating, based on this, in the present embodiment, a transmission ring 74 is installed on the inner wall of the mounting tank 3 through a connecting bracket, and a plurality of circumferentially equidistantly arranged tooth blocks 75 are installed at the bottom of the transmission ring 74. A plurality of linkage shafts 76 are rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting ring 71. The end of the linkage shaft 76 away from the axis of the connecting ring 71 is connected to the reaming drill bit 72. A transmission gear 77 is sleeved on the outer wall of the linkage shaft 76 away from the reaming drill bit 72, and the transmission gear 77 is meshed with the tooth block 75.

[0049] 7. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of discharge grooves 78 are provided on the side of the reaming drill bit 72 away from the axis of the connecting ring 71, and a plurality of excavation grooves 79 are provided on the outer wall of the reaming drill bit 72.

[0050] 8. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: a spiral plate 80 for discharging waste slag upward is installed on the upper end of the slide rail ring 58, and the spiral plate 80 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank 3.

[0051] In the specific implementation process, the connecting ring 71 drives the linkage shaft 76 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction during the rotation of the connecting ring 71, and the transmission gear 77 drives the transmission gear 77 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction during the rotation of the linkage shaft 76. At the same time, the transmission gear 77 rotates under the meshing of the tooth block 75 during the circumferential rotation, so that the transmission gear 77 drives the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to rotate, so that the reaming drill bit 72 can rotate while rotating in the circumferential direction, which greatly improves the excavation speed and excavation effect; based on the hole excavated by the drilling drill bit 73, the reaming drill bit 72 passes through the discharge trough 78 and the excavation when rotating. The groove 79 digs it and expands its diameter, and discharges the excavated gravel and soil upward during the excavation process through the discharge groove 78 and the excavation operation, thereby preventing the gravel and soil from accumulating around the reaming drill bit 72 and affecting the operation of the reaming drill bit 72; at the same time, the rotation of the slide ring 58 drives the spiral plate 80 to rotate synchronously, and the spiral plate 80 continues to transport the gravel and soil on the reaming drill bit 72 upward and discharges them out of the hole without manual removal. Furthermore, the spiral plate 80 is sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank 3 to prevent gravel and soil from entering the interior of the installation tank 3 through the sliding groove 56.

[0052] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Example 1, in order to adapt to the diameter of the drill hole under different requirements, based on this, in this embodiment, the linkage shaft 76 is connected to the side away from the reaming drill bit 72 with an adjusting shaft 81, and the outer wall sliding sleeve of the transmission shaft 47 is provided with an adjusting block 82 that conflicts with the adjusting shaft 81. The diameter of the adjusting block 82 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The adjusting block 82 and the drilling drill bit 73 are jointly penetrated by a screw 83, and the adjusting block 82 and the screw 83 are connected by threads, and a reset spring 84 is connected between the transmission gear 77 and the connecting ring 71.

[0053] It should be noted that the return spring 84 always applies an elastic force to the transmission gear 77 toward one side of the axis of the transmission shaft 47 , so that the reaming drill bit 72 can be reset after losing the squeezing of the adjustment block 82 .

[0054] In the specific implementation process, the screw 83 is rotated to make the adjustment block 82 slide up and down along the transmission shaft 47. When the adjustment block 82 slides downward, the adjustment block 82 is tilted to squeeze the adjustment shaft 81, thereby applying a force to the adjustment shaft 81 away from the axis of the transmission shaft 47. The adjustment shaft 81 drives the transmission gear 77, the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move synchronously, and the reset spring 84 shrinks adaptively, so that the diameter of the hole formed by the circumferential rotation of the reaming drill bit 72 becomes larger; when the adjustment block 82 slides upward, the reset spring 84 rebounds and applies an elastic force to the transmission gear 77 toward the side close to the axis of the transmission shaft 47. The transmission gear 77 drives the adjustment shaft 81, the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move synchronously, so that the diameter of the hole formed by the circumferential rotation of the reaming drill bit 72 becomes smaller, thereby meeting the requirements for the diameter size of rock and soil drilling holes under different needs, thereby greatly improving the scope of application of the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the present invention also provides a drilling method for geotechnical engineering exploration, including the following steps: S1, device fixing and adjustment: first, the device is moved to the top of the rock and soil where exploration drilling is required, and then fixed by a positioning bracket 1, and then the multi-section hydraulic rod 2 is started, and the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2 drives the installation tank 3, the drive motor 31, the speed regulating mechanism and the drilling mechanism 7 to descend synchronously.

[0056] By rotating the screw 83, the adjusting block 82 slides up and down along the transmission shaft 47. When the adjusting block 82 slides downward, the adjusting block 82 tilts to squeeze the adjusting shaft 81, thereby applying a force to the adjusting shaft 81 away from the axis of the transmission shaft 47. The adjusting shaft 81 drives the transmission gear 77, the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move synchronously, and the reset spring 84 shrinks adaptively, so that the diameter of the hole formed by the circumferential rotation of the reaming drill bit 72 becomes larger; when the adjusting block 82 slides upward, the reset spring 84 rebounds and applies an elastic force to the transmission gear 77 toward the side close to the axis of the transmission shaft 47. The transmission gear 77 drives the adjusting shaft 81, the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move synchronously, so that the diameter of the hole formed by the circumferential rotation of the reaming drill bit 72 becomes smaller, thereby meeting the requirements for the diameter size of rock and soil drilling holes under different needs, thereby greatly improving the scope of application of the present invention.

[0057] S2. Rock drilling: The output shaft of the driving motor 31 drives the power gear 41 to rotate, the power gear 41 drives the linkage gear 44 and the transmission shaft 43 to rotate, the transmission shaft 43 drives the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46 to rotate, the first speed regulating gear 45 and the second speed regulating gear 46 drive the first reduction gear 48 and the second reduction gear 49 to rotate, the first reduction gear 48 and the second reduction gear 49 rotate, the transmission shaft 47 is driven to rotate through the speed regulating mechanism during the rotation process, the transmission shaft 47 drives the connecting ring 71 and the reaming drill bit 72 to move circumferentially through the cross 50, the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling drill bit 73 to rotate, the drilling drill bit 73 is used to drill the area to be explored, and at the same time, the reaming drill bit 72 is used to reame the hole drilled by the drilling drill bit 73 during the circumferential rotation process, so that the hole is enlarged, thereby accelerating the drilling speed and greatly improving the drilling efficiency.

[0058] S3. Automatically adjust the rotation speed: When drilling a hole in the soil, the linkage ring 53 and the matching gear ring 52 are meshed with the linkage gear ring 54 below under the elastic force of the extrusion spring 55, and the linkage gear ring 54 is driven to rotate during the rotation of the second reduction gear 49. The linkage gear ring 54 drives the matching gear 51 to rotate through the matching gear ring 52, and the matching gear 51 drives the transmission shaft 47 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling bit 73 to rotate, thereby maintaining low-speed rotation, reducing energy consumption, and avoiding the drilling bit 73 from maintaining high-speed rotation, thereby increasing the wear rate of the drill bit; when the drilling bit 73 drills into hard rock, the bottom rotation speed of the drilling bit 73 cannot ensure that its drilling speed is synchronized with the downward pressure speed of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2, so that the drilling bit 73 is not able to rotate at a low speed, and the drilling bit 73 is not able to rotate at a high speed, thereby increasing the wear rate of the drill bit. The head 73 moves upward under the action of the downward pressure of the multi-section hydraulic rod 2, and the extrusion spring 55 and the telescopic rod are adaptively contracted. The drilling bit 73 drives the L-shaped rod 60 and the slide ring 58 to rise synchronously, and the slide ring 58 drives the bending rod 57, the linkage ring 53 and the matching gear ring 52 to rise synchronously, and makes the matching gear ring 52 mesh with the linkage gear ring 54 located above, so that the first reduction gear 48 drives the matching gear ring 52, the matching gear 51 and the transmission shaft 47 to rotate rapidly through the matching gear ring 52, and the transmission shaft 47 drives the drilling bit 73 to rotate synchronously at a high speed, so that the drilling bit 73 accelerates the crushing of the rock, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment of the drilling speed by the device, while saving energy and reducing the wear of the drilling bit 73 while maintaining the drilling efficiency.

[0059] S4, automatic discharge: the connecting ring 71 drives the linkage shaft 76 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction during the rotation of the linkage shaft 76, and drives the transmission gear 77 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction during the rotation of the linkage shaft 76. At the same time, the transmission gear 77 rotates in the meshing of the tooth block 75 during the circumferential rotation, so that the transmission gear 77 drives the linkage shaft 76 and the reaming drill bit 72 to rotate, so that the reaming drill bit 72 can rotate while rotating in the circumferential direction, which greatly improves the excavation speed and excavation effect; based on the hole excavated by the drilling drill bit 73, the reaming drill bit 72 passes through the discharge groove 78 and the excavation groove when rotating. 79 excavates it and expands its diameter, and discharges the excavated gravel and soil upward through the discharge chute 78 and the excavation operation during the excavation process, thereby preventing the gravel and soil from accumulating around the reaming drill bit 72 and affecting the operation of the reaming drill bit 72; at the same time, the rotation of the slide ring 58 drives the spiral plate 80 to rotate synchronously, and the spiral plate 80 continues to transport the gravel and soil on the reaming drill bit 72 upward and discharges them out of the hole without manual cleaning. Furthermore, the spiral plate 80 is sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank 3 to prevent the gravel and soil from entering the interior of the installation tank 3 through the sliding groove 56.

[0060] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration, comprising a positioning bracket (1), a multi-section hydraulic rod (2) connected to the bottom of the positioning bracket (1), a mounting tank (3) connected to the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod (2), characterized in that: A driving motor (31) is installed on the top wall of the installation tank (3); an output shaft of the driving motor (31) is connected to an automatic speed regulating mechanism (4); and a drilling mechanism (7) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the installation tank (3); The drilling mechanism (7) comprises a connecting ring (71) rotatably connected to the bottom of the installation tank (3), a plurality of circumferentially equidistantly distributed reaming drill bits (72) are mounted on the outer wall of the connecting ring (71), and a drilling drill bit (73) is mounted on the bottom of the connecting ring (71).

2. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the output shaft of the driving motor (31) is sleeved with a power gear (41); two extension brackets (42) symmetrically arranged in an upper and lower direction are installed on the inner wall of the installation tank (3); a transmission shaft (43) is rotatably connected between the two extension brackets (42); the outer wall of the transmission shaft (43) is sleeved with a linkage gear (44) meshing with the power gear (41); the outer wall of the transmission shaft (43) is sleeved with a first speed regulating gear (45) and a second speed regulating gear (46) located between the two extension brackets (42); a transmission shaft (47) is installed at the upper end of the drilling drill bit (73); the outer wall of the transmission shaft (47) is rotatably sleeved with a first reduction gear (48) and a second reduction gear (49) meshing with the first speed regulating gear (45) and the second speed regulating gear (46).

3. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the transmission shaft (47) is sleeved with a cross (50), and four extension sections of the cross (50) are connected to the inner wall of the connecting ring (71).

4. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic speed regulating mechanism (4) comprises a matching gear (51) sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission shaft (47), a matching gear ring (52) sleeved on the outer wall of the matching gear (51), a linkage ring (53) rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the matching gear ring (52), and linkage gear rings (54) are installed on opposite sides of the first reduction gear (48) and the second reduction gear (49).

5. The drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic speed regulating mechanism (4) further comprises a plurality of extrusion springs (55) connected between the plurality of extension sections of the cross (50) and the drilling drill bit (73); a sliding groove (56) is provided on the outer wall of the mounting tank (3); a bending rod (57) is connected to the outer wall of the linkage ring (53); a sliding rail ring (58) is provided on the sliding sleeve of the outer wall of the mounting tank (3); a sliding rail groove (59) is provided on the upper end of the sliding rail ring (58); a side of the bending rod (57) away from the linkage ring (53) is located in the sliding rail groove (59) and slides; an L-shaped rod (60) is connected between the outer wall of the drilling drill bit (73) and the bottom of the sliding rail ring (58); the L-shaped rod (60) is rotatably connected to the sliding rail ring (58); and a telescopic rod (61) is installed between the transmission shaft (47) and the drilling drill bit (73).

6. A drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission ring (74) is installed on the inner wall of the installation tank (3) via a connecting bracket, a plurality of tooth blocks (75) arranged equidistantly around the circumference are installed at the bottom of the transmission ring (74), a plurality of linkage shafts (76) are rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting ring (71), one end of the linkage shaft (76) away from the axis of the connecting ring (71) is connected to the reaming drill bit (72), and a transmission gear (77) is sleeved on the outer wall of the linkage shaft (76) away from the reaming drill bit (72), and the transmission gear (77) is meshed with the tooth block (75).

7. The drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of discharge grooves (78) are formed on a side of the reaming drill bit (72) away from the axis of the connecting ring (71), and a plurality of excavation grooves (79) are formed on the outer wall of the reaming drill bit (72).

8. The drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that: A spiral plate (80) for discharging waste slag upwards is installed at the upper end of the slide rail ring (58), and the spiral plate (80) is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the installation tank (3).

9. A drilling method for geotechnical engineering exploration, comprising a drilling device for geotechnical engineering exploration as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The drilling method includes the following steps: S1. Fixing and adjusting the device: first fix it by means of the positioning bracket (1), then start the multi-section hydraulic rod (2), and the telescopic end of the multi-section hydraulic rod (2) drives the installation tank (3), the driving motor (31), the speed regulating mechanism and the drilling mechanism (7) to descend synchronously; S2, rock drilling: by rotating the connecting ring (71), the drilling drill bit (73) and the reaming drill bit (72), the connecting ring (71) drives the reaming drill bit (72) to move circumferentially, so that the drilling drill bit (73) drills a hole in the area to be explored. At the same time, the reaming drill bit (72) reams the hole drilled by the drilling drill bit (73) during the circumferential rotation, so that the hole is enlarged, thereby accelerating the drilling speed and greatly improving the drilling efficiency; S3, automatic speed adjustment: when drilling soil, the drilling speed is automatically adjusted by the speed adjustment mechanism, thereby saving energy and reducing the wear of the drilling bit (73), thereby maintaining the drilling efficiency; S4, automatic discharge: During the hole digging process, the gravel and soil generated by the hole digging are discharged to prevent the gravel and soil from entering the installation tank (3) and affecting the hole digging.

Images