A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste heat utilization devices for reduction furnaces, and specifically to a waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace, comprising a reduction furnace, wherein a waste heat mechanism is arranged on the reduction furnace, wherein the waste heat mechanism comprises a waste heat pipe, wherein the waste heat pipe is fixedly connected with a pressurization and flow equalization mechanism for pressurizing and equalizing the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the reduction furnace; a pressure regulating mechanism is arranged in the pressurization and flow equalization mechanism for automatically adjusting the pressure of the exhaust gas after pressurization. The present invention, by arranging a vortex tube, can separate water vapor and hydrogen, and enrich the hydrogen for recycling, which is safer for the waste heat utilization of the reduction furnace, and the initial swirl strength is ensured by the vortex blades, and the steady flow blades are used to strengthen the spiral swirl, thereby compensating for the natural attenuation of the swirl strength caused by the excessive length of the pipeline, thereby effectively improving the separation efficiency and uniformity between hydrogen and water vapor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste heat utilization devices for reduction furnaces, and particularly to a waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen reduction furnace is an important heat treatment device, which is widely used in fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, and electronics industry. A hydrogen reduction furnace refers to a device that reduces materials such as metals and ceramics by heating hydrogen. Its principle is to utilize the strong reducibility of hydrogen at high temperatures to reduce metal ions or other ions to pure metals or alloys. Specifically, at high temperatures, hydrogen reacts with metal oxides or other compounds to produce the required metals or compounds and water vapor.

[0003] However, when utilizing the waste heat of the reduction furnace, high-temperature water vapor will carry a small amount of hydrogen into the waste heat utilization system together. When utilizing the waste heat, the water vapor and hydrogen will pass through a large number of pipelines or heat exchange spaces. Although the hydrogen content carried in the water vapor is relatively low, about 1%-3%, and the lower explosion limit of hydrogen in the air is 4% (volume concentration), there are still significant safety risks for hydrogen during waste heat utilization. Especially in a high-temperature environment, the actual explosion lower limit of hydrogen will be reduced, making the hydrogen concentration of 1%-3% potentially explosive at high temperatures although it is not within the explosion range at normal temperatures. Especially when there is a leak in the system or local hydrogen enrichment (such as pipeline dead ends), the possibility of hydrogen explosion will be triggered.

[0004] In view of this, we propose a waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace, which solves the problem of certain safety hazards caused by the presence of a certain amount of hydrogen in the water vapor during waste heat utilization.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace includes a reduction furnace, and a waste heat mechanism is arranged on the reduction furnace. The waste heat mechanism includes waste heat pipes, and the waste heat pipes are fixedly connected with a pressurization and flow equalization mechanism for pressurizing the high-temperature waste gas generated by the reduction furnace and equalizing the flow after pressurization;

[0008] A pressure adjustment mechanism is arranged in the pressurization and flow equalization mechanism for automatically adjusting the pressure of the waste gas after pressurization;

[0009] The pressurization and flow equalization mechanism is connected with a vortex tube for separating hydrogen and water vapor.

[0010] Preferably, the vortex tube includes an air inlet, one end of the air inlet is fixedly connected to the flow equalizing tube, and the other end of the air inlet is fixedly connected to a pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of vortex blades are fixedly installed in the air inlet, and a plurality of flow stabilizing blades are fixedly installed in the pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the supercharging and flow equalizing mechanism includes a supercharger housing, an impeller is rotatably installed in the center of the supercharger housing, a plurality of diffuser blades are fixedly installed around the impeller in the supercharger housing, an annular channel is formed in the supercharger housing, an exhaust port is fixedly installed on the supercharger housing, and the exhaust port is fixedly connected to a flow equalizing tube.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of diffuser blades are distributed in a circular array, a diffuser channel is formed between adjacent diffuser blades, and the narrowest part between adjacent diffuser blades is the throat.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of flow equalizing plates are fixedly installed in the flow equalizing tube, and a plurality of flow equalizing holes are formed through the flow equalizing plates.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure regulating mechanism includes a sliding frame, the sliding frame is fixedly installed on the surface of one end of the supercharger housing, an adjusting ring is slidably installed in the sliding frame, a plurality of sliders are fixedly installed on the surface of the adjusting ring, and the sliders are slidably connected to the throat.

[0016] Preferably, an inflation ring is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding frame, a buffer tube is fixedly connected between the inflation ring and the flow equalizing tube, a plurality of metal bellows are fixedly installed on the inflation ring, the other ends of the metal bellows are fixedly connected to the adjusting ring, and a plurality of springs are fixedly installed between the inflation ring and the adjusting ring.

[0017] Preferably, a hot end outlet and a cold end outlet are respectively formed at both ends of the pipeline, and a vortex generator is fixedly installed on the pipeline.

[0018] Preferably, a leakage prevention mechanism is fixedly connected to the top of the reduction furnace, the leakage prevention mechanism includes a waste heat tank, the waste heat tank is fixedly connected to the hot end outlet through a heat preservation pipe, the waste heat tank is fixedly connected to the reduction furnace, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the waste heat tank, and a feed inlet is fixedly connected to the top of the waste heat tank.

[0019] By means of the above technical solution, the copper smelting slag reduction furnace waste heat utilization device provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1). By providing a vortex tube, the present invention enables the separation of water vapor and hydrogen, and the enrichment and recovery of hydrogen, making the waste heat utilization of the reduction furnace safer. The initial swirl intensity is ensured by the vortex blades, and the steady flow blades are used to strengthen the helical swirl, thereby compensating for the natural attenuation of the swirl intensity caused by the excessively long pipeline, and effectively improving the separation efficiency and uniformity between hydrogen and water vapor.

[0021] (2). By providing a waste heat pipe, a supercharger housing, an impeller, diffuser blades, an annular channel, an exhaust port, a flow equalizing pipe, and a pressure regulating mechanism, the present invention enables pressurization and flow equalization before water vapor and hydrogen enter the vortex tube, and the pressure regulating mechanism can ensure the pressure uniformity after gas pressurization, making the gas separation more stable and the separation between hydrogen and water vapor more thorough. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of this application:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic overall structure view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic overall structure view of the waste heat mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structure view of the pressurization part of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged schematic view of Area A;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic internal structure view of the supercharger housing of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic structure view of the flow equalizing pipe of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic structure view of the pressure regulating mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic split structure view of the slider and the connecting part of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 It is a schematic structure view of the vortex tube of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 It is a schematic internal structure view of the air inlet of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the eddy current blade of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the eddy current tube of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, reduction furnace; 2, anti-leakage mechanism; 3, feed inlet; 4, waste heat mechanism;

[0037] 21, waste heat tank; 22, intake pipe; 23, outlet pipe;

[0038] 41, waste heat pipe; 42, supercharger housing; 43, impeller; 44, diffuser blade; 441, diffuser channel; 442, throat; 45, annular channel; 46, exhaust port; 47, flow equalizing pipe; 471, flow equalizing plate; 472, flow equalizing hole;

[0039] 48, pressure regulating mechanism; 481, slider; 482, buffer pipe; 483, sliding frame; 484, inflatable ring; 485, adjusting ring; 486, metal bellows; 487, spring;

[0040] 49, eddy current tube; 491, air inlet; 4911, eddy current blade; 492, pipe; 4921, flow stabilizing blade; 493, eddy current generator; 494, hot end outlet; 495, cold end outlet. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 - 13 , a waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace, including a reduction furnace 1 for reducing copper with hydrogen. An anti-leakage mechanism 2 is provided on the reduction furnace 1 to prevent hydrogen from escaping. The anti-leakage mechanism 2 includes a waste heat tank 21. The waste heat tank 21 has a double-layer structure, which is convenient for uniformly heating the waste heat tank 21, and the heating gas does not contact the inside of the waste heat tank 21. The waste heat tank 21 is fixedly connected to the reduction furnace 1. An intake pipe 22 is fixedly installed on one side of the waste heat tank 21, and an outlet pipe 23 is fixedly installed on the other side of the waste heat tank 21. Nitrogen is filled through the intake pipe 22 to form a nitrogen barrier for preventing hydrogen from escaping, and the outlet pipe 23 is used for the recycling of nitrogen.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 - 2 , a feed inlet 3 is fixedly installed at the top of the waste heat tank 21 for feeding copper.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 4 - 13 , a waste heat mechanism 4 is provided on the reduction furnace 1 for utilizing the waste heat generated by hydrogen reduction of copper. When utilized, hydrogen and water vapor are separated to avoid potential safety hazards that may exist during waste heat utilization.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 4 - 6 , the waste heat mechanism 4 includes a waste heat pipe 41. The waste heat pipe 41 is fixedly connected to the reduction furnace 1 and is used to discharge the waste gas generated by hydrogen reduction of copper. The waste gas includes water vapor and a little hydrogen. A large amount of heat will be carried when the waste gas is discharged. The other end of the waste heat pipe 41 is fixedly connected to the supercharger housing 42. An impeller 43 is fixedly installed at the central position inside the supercharger housing 42. The impeller 43 is driven by a motor. By driving the impeller 43 to rotate by the motor, the high-speed rotating impeller 43 does work on the waste gas, thereby driving the waste gas to move and making the waste gas rotate.

[0046] A plurality of diffuser vanes 44 are fixedly installed inside the supercharger housing 42. The plurality of diffuser vanes 44 are distributed in a circular array. The diffuser channels 441 are between adjacent diffuser vanes 44. The diffuser channels 441 are structures with a large opening at one end and a small opening at the other end, and the part with the small opening is close to the impeller 43. The narrowest part between adjacent diffuser vanes 44 is the throat 442. An annular channel 45 is opened between the inside of the supercharger housing 42 and the diffuser vanes 44. An exhaust port 46 is fixedly installed on the supercharger housing 42, and the annular channel 45 is communicated with the exhaust port 46.

[0047] The waste gas enters the impeller 43 through the waste heat pipe 41 and is driven by the high-speed rotating impeller 43. Then, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure through the diffuser channels 441 between the diffuser vanes 44. Finally, the pressurized waste gas enters the exhaust port 46 through the annular channel 45 and is discharged.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 7 , the exhaust port 46 is fixedly connected with a flow equalizing pipe 47. A plurality of flow equalizing plates 471 are fixedly installed inside the flow equalizing pipe 47. A plurality of flow equalizing holes 472 are opened on the flow equalizing plates 471. The plurality of flow equalizing holes 472 are distributed in an array. The pressurized waste gas passes through the plurality of flow equalizing plates 471 and flow equalizing holes 472, so that the pressurized waste gas is flow equalized, which plays a role in stabilizing the gas flow rate and avoiding the situation of local concentration gradients of water vapor and hydrogen in the waste gas.

[0049] Please refer to Figures 8 - 9, a pressure regulating mechanism 48 is provided between the supercharger housing 42 and the flow equalizing pipe 47, which is used to balance the pressure during exhaust gas supercharging. It can passively respond to the pressure after exhaust gas supercharging, so that the pressure can be automatically adjusted quickly, avoiding the pressure of exhaust gas supercharging deviating from the optimal separation range. The pressure regulating mechanism 48 includes a slider 481, which is slidably installed at the position of the throat 442, and the slider 481 is adapted to the shape of the throat 442. The cross-sectional area of the throat 442 can be adjusted by the displacement of the slider 481. Since the cross-section of the throat 442 determines the maximum flow rate, the air flow velocity and pressure conversion efficiency can be controlled by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the throat 442.

[0050] One end of the slider 481 is fixedly installed with an adjusting ring 485. A sliding frame 483 is fixedly installed on the supercharger housing 42. The adjusting ring 485 and the inside of the sliding frame 483 are slidably connected. An inflatable ring 484 is fixedly installed on the sliding frame 483. A plurality of metal bellows 486 are fixedly connected between the inflatable ring 484 and the adjusting ring 485. The plurality of metal bellows 486 are arranged in an array, and the metal bellows 486 communicate with the inflatable ring 484. The inflatable ring 484 and the flow equalizing pipe 47 are connected by a buffer pipe 482. A plurality of springs 487 are also fixedly connected between the inflatable ring 484 and the adjusting ring 485. The plurality of springs 487 are arranged in an array.

[0051] The exhaust gas after pressure equalizing and flow equalizing enters the inflatable ring 484 through the buffer pipe 482. When the pressure of the exhaust gas does not change or changes little, the expansion size of the metal bellows 486 is basically unchanged, and the metal bellows 486 will not expand or contract. With the pre-tightening force of the spring 487, the exhaust gas remains stable after supercharging. When the pressure of the exhaust gas after supercharging and flow equalizing changes, it will cause the expansion and contraction length of the metal bellows 486 to change. The metal bellows 486 drives the adjusting ring 485 to slide along the inside of the sliding frame 483. The displacement of the adjusting ring 485 drives the displacement of the slider 481, so as to adjust the cross-sectional size of the throat 442, so that the maximum air flow rate passing through the throat 442 is adjusted, and then the air flow velocity and pressure conversion efficiency are controlled, and finally the pressure of supercharging is stably controlled.

[0052] Specifically, when the pressure of the exhaust gas after supercharging and flow equalization suddenly increases, the telescopic length of the metal bellows 486 will further elongate. The elongation of the length of the metal bellows 486 drives the adjusting ring 485 to slide along the inside of the sliding frame 483. The sliding of the adjusting ring 485 drives the slider 481 to displace towards the supercharger housing 42. The displacement of the slider 481 causes the cross-sectional area of the throat 442 to decrease. The decrease in the cross-sectional area of the throat 442 results in a decrease in the gas flow rate and an increase in the flow velocity, thereby increasing the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas and reducing the pressure converted from the exhaust gas. At the same time, when the pressure of the exhaust gas after supercharging and flow equalization suddenly decreases, the metal bellows 486 contracts, increasing the cross-sectional area of the throat 442 and playing a role in increasing the exhaust gas pressure. Thus, it can dynamically adjust the magnitude of the supercharging pressure of the exhaust gas, keep the pressure within a certain range all the time, and the whole adjustment process is a passive adjustment, without manual operation and power supply, which is more stable.

[0053] Please refer to Figures 10 - 13 , one end of the flow equalizing pipe 47 is fixedly connected with a vortex tube 49 for separating water vapor and hydrogen in the exhaust gas. When the exhaust gas enters the vortex tube 49, it will form a spiral swirl. Since the density of hydrogen is much lower than that of water vapor, stratification will occur under the action of centrifugal force in the high-speed swirl. The water vapor is thrown to the periphery and finally discharged from the hot end outlet 494. Hydrogen accumulates in the center of the vortex tube 49 to form a low-temperature and low-pressure core flow, which is discharged from the cold end outlet 495. Thus, it plays a role in separation.

[0054] The vortex tube 49 includes an air inlet 491. One end of the air inlet 491 is fixedly connected to the flow equalizing pipe 47. A plurality of vortex vanes 4911 are fixedly installed in the air inlet 491. The plurality of vortex vanes 4911 are arranged in an array. The vortex vanes 4911 are of airfoil structure, and the end close to the flow equalizing pipe 47 is arc-shaped. The thickness of the vortex vanes 4911 gradually decreases from the end close to the flow equalizing pipe 47 to the end far from the flow equalizing pipe 47, and the surface of the vortex vanes 4911 is a smooth structure.

[0055] The vortex vanes 4911 are used to guide the gas to move tangentially, force the air flow to rotate, and force pre-rotation before the gas enters the vortex tube 49 to ensure the initial swirl intensity. At the same time, the arc-shaped structure is used to reduce local overheating caused by the impact of high-temperature air flow. The gradually decreasing thickness of the vortex vanes 4911 is used to suppress vortex shedding, and the smooth surface avoids the phenomenon of flow stratification of the air flow.

[0056] The air inlet 491 is fixedly installed on the pipeline 492. The two ends of the pipeline 492 are respectively provided with a hot end outlet 494 and a cold end outlet 495. A vortex generator 493 is fixedly installed at a position symmetrical to the air inlet 491 on the pipeline 492, so that the exhaust gas that enters the pipeline 492 and is pressurized and pre-swirls generates a spiral swirl. The exhaust gas that has been pressurized and pre-swirls performs a spiral swirl movement through the inside of the pipeline 492. Since the density of hydrogen is much lower than the density of water vapor, stratification will occur under the action of centrifugal force in the high-speed swirl. The water vapor is thrown to the periphery and spirally advances along the inner wall of the pipeline 492, and finally is discharged from the hot end outlet 494. Hydrogen accumulates in the center of the vortex tube 49, forming a low-temperature and low-pressure core flow, and finally is discharged from the cold end outlet 495.

[0057] Multiple groups of flow stabilizer vanes 4921 are arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline 492. The multiple groups of flow stabilizer vanes 4921 are evenly distributed in an array. Each group of flow stabilizer vanes 4921 has multiple vanes and is distributed along a circular array. The flow stabilizer vanes 4921 are inclined along the axis of the pipeline 492. The flow stabilizer vanes 4921 can strengthen the spiral swirl, so as to compensate for the natural attenuation of the swirl intensity caused by the too long pipeline 492. At the same time, the flow stabilizer vanes 4921 can also optimize the flow field distribution in the pipeline 492, avoid the deviation of the swirl center, and thus improve the uniformity of the separation of hydrogen and water vapor.

[0058] A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace, and its working principle is as follows:

[0059] After the copper slag is reduced by hydrogen in the reduction furnace 1, water vapor will be generated. The water vapor carries a small amount of hydrogen and enters the supercharger housing 42 through the waste heat pipe 41. The motor is started, and the motor drives the impeller 43 to rotate. The impeller 43 rotates at a high speed to drive the exhaust gas to rotate. The exhaust gas then converts the kinetic energy into pressure through the diffuser channel 441 between the diffuser vanes 44. Finally, the pressurized exhaust gas enters the exhaust port 46 through the annular channel 45 and is discharged. The pressurized exhaust gas enters the flow equalizing pipe 47 through the exhaust port 46. After passing through multiple flow equalizing plates 471 and flow equalizing holes 472, the pressurized exhaust gas is equalized in flow, which plays a role in stabilizing the gas flow rate and avoiding the occurrence of local concentration gradients of water vapor and hydrogen in the exhaust gas.

[0060] Finally, when there is a large pressure change in the exhaust gas after being pressurized and equalized in flow, it will cause a change in the telescopic length of the metal bellows 486. The metal bellows 486 drives the adjusting ring 485 to slide along the inside of the sliding frame 483. The displacement of the adjusting ring 485 drives the displacement of the slider 481, so as to adjust the cross-sectional size of the throat 442, so that the maximum air flow rate passing through the throat 442 is adjusted, and further the conversion efficiency of the air flow velocity and pressure is controlled. Finally, the effect of stably controlling the pressurized pressure is achieved.

[0061] The stable and pressurized waste gas enters the interior of the pipeline 492 through the air inlet 491. When passing through the air inlet 491 again, it will pass through the eddy current blades 4911. The eddy current blades 4911 are used to guide the gas to move tangentially, forcing the air flow to rotate, and pre-rotating the waste gas forcibly before it enters the eddy current tube 49 to ensure the initial swirl intensity. The waste gas with the initial swirl passes through the eddy current generator 493 to further increase the swirl intensity. Since the density of hydrogen is much lower than that of water vapor, stratification will occur under the action of centrifugal force in the high-speed swirl. The water vapor is thrown to the periphery and advances spirally along the inner wall of the pipeline 492, and finally is discharged from the hot end outlet 494. Hydrogen accumulates in the center of the eddy current tube 49, forming a low-temperature and low-pressure core flow, and finally is discharged from the cold end outlet 495.

[0062] And due to the special structure of the eddy current tube 49, the temperature of the water vapor at the hot end outlet 494 will be further increased. The water vapor at the hot end outlet 494 is connected to the hollow structure inside the waste heat tank 21, so that the waste heat tank 21 can be heated evenly, enabling the raw materials and nitrogen in the waste heat tank 21 to be heated, accelerating the subsequent reaction efficiency, and saving time and cost. And the heated nitrogen can be used for the treatment of raw materials to remove the water vapor and air in the raw materials.

[0063] The hydrogen and part of the water vapor discharged from the cold end outlet 495 will have a certain temperature drop, but it is still much higher than the condensation temperature of the water vapor, which will not cause the water vapor to liquefy. It can also enrich the hydrogen, facilitating the cooling of the hydrogen and part of the water vapor discharged from the cold end outlet 495, so that the hydrogen can be recycled quickly.

[0064] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace, comprising a reduction furnace (1), characterized in that: A waste heat mechanism (4) is provided on the reduction furnace (1). The waste heat mechanism (4) includes a waste heat pipe (41), and the waste heat pipe (41) is fixedly connected with a pressure boosting and flow equalizing mechanism for boosting the high-temperature waste gas generated by the reduction furnace (1) and equalizing the flow after boosting. The pressure boosting and flow equalizing mechanism includes a flow equalizing pipe (47), and the flow equalizing pipe (47) is connected with a vortex tube (49) for separating hydrogen and water vapor. The pressure boosting and flow equalizing mechanism further includes a supercharger housing (42). A plurality of diffuser vanes (44) are arranged in the supercharger housing (42). The narrowest part between adjacent diffuser vanes (44) is a throat (442). A pressure regulating mechanism (48) is arranged in the pressure boosting and flow equalizing mechanism for automatically regulating the pressure of the waste gas after boosting. The pressure regulating mechanism (48) includes a buffer pipe (482). One end of the buffer pipe (482) is fixedly connected to the flow equalizing pipe (47), and the other end of the buffer pipe (482) is fixedly connected with an inflation ring (484). A plurality of metal bellows (486) are fixedly installed on the inflation ring (484). The other end of the metal bellows (486) is fixedly connected with an adjusting ring (485). A plurality of sliders (481) are fixedly installed on the surface of the adjusting ring (485), and the sliders (481) are slidably connected with the throat (442).

2. The waste heat utilization device of a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex tube (49) includes an air inlet (491). One end of the air inlet (491) is fixedly connected to the flow equalizing pipe (47), and the other end of the air inlet (491) is fixedly connected with a pipe (492).

3. The waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of vortex vanes (4911) are fixedly installed in the air inlet (491), and a plurality of flow stabilizing vanes (4921) are fixedly installed in the pipe (492).

4. A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: An impeller (43) is rotatably installed at the center in the supercharger housing (42). A plurality of diffuser vanes (44) are located around the impeller (43) in the supercharger housing (42). An annular channel (45) is formed in the supercharger housing (42). An exhaust port (46) is fixedly installed on the supercharger housing (42), and the exhaust port (46) is fixedly connected with a flow equalizing pipe (47).

5. The waste heat utilization device of a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of diffuser vanes (44) are distributed in a circular array, and a diffuser channel (441) is formed between adjacent diffuser vanes (44).

6. The waste heat utilization device of a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of flow equalizing plates (471) are fixedly installed in the flow equalizing pipe (47), and a plurality of flow equalizing holes (472) are formed through the flow equalizing plates (471).

7. A waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure regulating mechanism (48) further includes a sliding frame (483). The sliding frame (483) is fixedly installed on the surface of one end of the supercharger housing (42), and the sliding frame (483) is slidably installed with the adjusting ring (485) inside.

8. The waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 7, wherein: One end of the sliding frame (483) is fixedly connected with the inflation ring (484), and a plurality of springs (487) are fixedly installed between the inflation ring (484) and the adjusting ring (485).

9. The waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 2, wherein: Both ends of the pipeline (492) are respectively provided with a hot-end outlet (494) and a cold-end outlet (495), and an eddy current generator (493) is fixedly installed on the pipeline (492).

10. The waste heat utilization device for a copper smelting slag reduction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: A leakage prevention mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to the top end of the reduction furnace (1). The leakage prevention mechanism (2) includes a waste heat tank (21). The waste heat tank (21) is fixedly connected to the hot-end outlet (494) through a heat preservation pipe. The waste heat tank (21) is fixedly connected to the reduction furnace (1). An air inlet pipe (22) and an air outlet pipe (23) are respectively and fixedly installed on both sides of the waste heat tank (21). A feed inlet (3) is fixedly connected to the top end of the waste heat tank (21).

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