Early detection device and method for multispectral composite pyrolysis particles

Abstract

The invention provides a multispectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device and method, and relates to the technical field of particle detection. The device is matched with corresponding electrical fire monitoring equipment to form a multispectral composite pyrolysis particle early-stage monitoring and early-warning system which comprises a particle size analysis assembly and a multispectral scattering acquisition assembly, the particle size analysis component realizes particle size distribution real-time statistics through high-speed light scattering intensity statistical analysis, and realizes statistics of particle size distribution real-time change data by combining time fragmentation statistics of particle size distribution change conditions; the multispectral scattering collection assembly collects multiple spectrums of different wavebands and scattering intensity analysis data of multiple angles, combination of multiple emission spectrums and receiving angles is achieved through receiving of the spectrums of different wavebands and the scattering intensity of different angles, and then real-time data of multiple scattering intensities of each substance is obtained. The device and the method can effectively improve the false alarm resistance of the type of detector in a practical application environment, and realize high-reliability detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of particle detection, and in particular to a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] The electrical fire monitoring system is an important technical means to prevent electrical fires. With the continuous development of economy and technology, a variety of new electrical fire detection technologies have been developed from single residual current and temperature monitoring.

[0003] At present, electrical fire monitoring is achieved by using point-type photoelectric smoke detectors, aspirating smoke fire detectors, fault arc detectors, insulation resistance monitoring detectors, current-limiting electrical fire protectors, etc., but some prominent problems have arisen in actual use: 1. Adding electrical fire monitoring to the existing power distribution system requires adding detectors with multiple functions, which increases costs and is also difficult to install and construct; 2. The node devices in the low-voltage power distribution system are densely populated, and it is difficult to monitor abnormal line temperature; 3. There are many varieties of electrical fire detectors in China, which not only increases the production and use costs of the products, but also makes it difficult for users to select the right ones.

[0004] Pyrolytic particles refer to tiny particles produced by the thermal decomposition of solid or liquid materials at high temperatures. In a fire, the combustion process releases a large amount of heat, which heats the surrounding materials. When the temperature of the material rises to a certain level, the molecules begin to move and vibrate. As the temperature continues to rise, the molecules begin to break and release combustible gases and pyrolysis products, including pyrolytic particles.

[0005] Fire point detectors mainly determine the occurrence and extent of fire by detecting signals such as smoke, heat and pyrolytic particles. In the early stages of a fire, since pyrolytic particles are produced as the temperature rises, they can provide early warning signals, which is very helpful for controlling and extinguishing the fire. The pyrolytic particles in fire detectors are a type of tiny particulate matter that can provide early warning signals. They have the characteristics of being resistant to wind interference and early detection, and have important application value in the field of fire protection. Conventional smoke particle detectors basically use a single spectrum at a single angle or a multi-angle composite. There are also two spectral composites for different types of particle concentration detection. To a certain extent, particle concentration monitoring can be achieved, but the particle properties cannot be effectively identified, resulting in frequent false alarms during actual use. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-spectrum composite pyrolysis particle early detection device and method in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to realize early monitoring and early warning of electrical fires.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device, which is connected with corresponding electrical fire monitoring equipment to form a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early monitoring and warning system, including a particle size analysis component and a multi-spectral scattering acquisition component. The particle size analysis component is used to collect and analyze the particle size and quantity of environmental particles in real time, and the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects scattering intensity change information of different substances at multiple angles under multiple spectra in real time.

[0009] The particle size analysis component collects environmental particle size and distribution information in real time; firstly, the real-time statistics of particle size distribution are realized through high-speed light scattering intensity statistical analysis, and the particle size distribution change is statistically analyzed in combination with time slicing, thereby realizing the statistics of real-time change data of particle size distribution;

[0010] The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects scattering intensity analysis data of multiple spectra in different bands and multiple angles, and realizes a combination of multiple emission spectra and receiving angles by receiving spectra in different bands and scattering intensities at different angles, thereby obtaining real-time data of multiple scattering intensities of each substance.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size analysis component includes a fan module, a first light emitting module and a high-speed receiving and collecting module; the fan module is used to absorb air to maintain a stable flow rate, and when particles of different particle sizes pass through the detector area, the high-speed receiving and collecting module collects the width and amplitude of light intensity scattering pulses of different levels emitted by the first light emitting module, and performs statistical calculation and analysis to determine the sizes and numbers of different particle sizes.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-spectral scattering collection component comprises a plurality of second light emitting modules with different spectra, a light scattering collection module and a matching sinking light field detection structure; the plurality of second light emitting modules with different spectra simultaneously emit pulses with related intervals to irradiate the same target particle area; the particles generate scattered light after being irradiated by light, and the scattered light is received by the sinking light field detection structure; the sinking light field detection structure focuses the scattered light and separates it into light with different spectral components; the light scattering collection modules corresponding to different angles receive the separated light, and further screen and separate them through optical filters; the received light signal is converted into an electrical signal through the detector, and the signal is processed and analyzed to determine the particle attribute category and concentration;

[0013] Preferably, the multi-spectral scattering collection component selects ultraviolet, visible light, and near infrared to perform different spectral combinations, and can also combine a single spectrum at multiple angles.

[0014] Preferably, the particle size analysis component has multiple specifications, and the particle statistical particle size range is set to seven specifications of 0μm-0.3μm, 0.3μm-0.5μm, 0.5μm-1μm, 1μm-2.5μm, 2.5μm-5μm, 5μm-10μm, and >10μm according to the on-site alarm requirements, and the selection is made according to the on-site requirements.

[0015] Preferably, the first light emitting module uses a laser light source to emit light intensities of different levels.

[0016] Preferably, the second light emitting module uses an LED light source.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection method, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step S1: construct an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation; the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation includes n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn, one or more environmental collection components DT-S and a control terminal; the n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn are respectively installed in n detection areas for early detection and early warning of pyrolysis particles in the detection area fire; the environmental collection component DT-S is installed in the environmental space where the detection area is located to collect real-time interference characteristics of the external environment where the detection area is located; if multiple detection areas are in the same environmental space, only one environmental collection component DT-S is needed or multiple environmental collection components DT-S are set according to the area size; the information collected by the n detection components and the environmental collection component DT-S is transmitted to the controller; the detection area is a power distribution cabinet or other closed space; the detection components and the environmental collection components both use multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection devices;

[0019] Step S2: The environment collection component collects real-time basic data of interference characteristics of the external environment; when the basic data of the external environment interference characteristics is determined to exceed the reliable working range, an environmental fault is reported; when the basic data of the external environment interference characteristics exceeds the conventional fire alarm setting threshold, a fire alarm signal is issued to ensure that no fire alarm is missed;

[0020] Step S3: Use the detection component to collect the basic particle distribution and multi-angle scattering characteristic information of the detection area. Through particle statistics and multi-angle scattering self-learning, the real-time interference characteristic basic data of the external environment collected by the environment collection component are integrated. Based on the fusion of multi-information recognition technology, early pyrolysis particle detection and reliable early warning of fire are realized, and uploaded to the control terminal of the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation.

[0021] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical scheme are: the present invention provides a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device and method, the particle size analysis component is used to analyze the particle size and quantity collection in real time, and the multi-spectral scattering collection component collects the scattering intensity change information of different substances at different angles under different spectra in real time. By real-time analysis of the particle size change and the change law of the scattering intensity at different angles, and combining the detection area response data with the environmental monitoring response data for fusion calculation, the false alarm resistance of this type of detector in the actual application environment can be effectively improved, and high-reliability detection can be achieved under high-sensitivity response conditions, effectively improving the fire detection and alarm technical capabilities of this type of places. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a high-speed receiving and collecting module signal acquisition and amplification provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A flow chart of a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation provided by an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] In this embodiment, a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device is connected to the corresponding electrical fire monitoring equipment to form a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early monitoring and warning system, including a particle size analysis component and a multi-spectral scattering acquisition component. The particle size analysis component is used to collect and analyze the particle size and quantity of environmental particles in real time, and the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects scattering intensity change information of different substances at multiple angles under multiple spectra in real time.

[0027] The particle size analysis component collects environmental particle size and distribution information in real time; firstly, the real-time statistics of particle size distribution are realized by high-speed light scattering intensity statistical analysis, and the statistics of particle size distribution changes are realized by combining time slice statistics;

[0028] The core working principle of the particle size analysis component is to first use high-speed light scattering technology to accurately measure and analyze the scattering intensity of particles in the environment. When particles are irradiated by a light source, they scatter light at a specific angle, and the intensity of the scattered light is closely related to the particle size. By capturing and analyzing the intensity distribution of these scattered lights, the component can quickly calculate the particle size distribution of particles in the current environment and realize real-time statistics of particle size distribution.

[0029] In order to further capture the dynamic changes in particle size distribution, the component also incorporates time-slicing statistics technology. This technology divides the continuous time axis into a series of short and continuous time segments, each of which represents a specific time window. In each time window, the component will independently perform statistics on particle size distribution. As time goes by, the component will continue to accumulate statistical results in these time windows, and by comparing and analyzing data from different time windows, it will reveal the trend of particle size distribution over time. In this way, the component can not only provide a snapshot of the particle size distribution at a certain moment, but also construct a complete map of the evolution of particle size distribution over time, providing more comprehensive and in-depth data support for environmental changes and air quality assessments.

[0030] The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects scattering intensity analysis data of multiple different bands (2 or 3 or 4) spectra and multiple (1 or 2) angles, and realizes multiple emission spectrum and receiving angle combinations such as 2*1, 2*2, 3*1, 3*2, 4*1, 4*2 by receiving spectra of different bands and scattering intensities of different angles, thereby obtaining real-time data of multiple (2-8) scattering intensities of each substance.

[0031] The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component can efficiently collect spectral information of multiple different bands and scattering intensity analysis data from multiple angles. The component can accurately receive spectra of different bands, and combined with multi-angle scattering measurement technology, it can capture the intensity distribution of scattered light in different directions. This design enables the component to flexibly realize the combination of multiple emission spectra and receiving angles, so as to obtain real-time data of multiple scattering intensities under different conditions for each substance to be tested. These data provide a rich and accurate information basis for subsequent material composition analysis, structural analysis and property research.

[0032] In this embodiment, the particle size analysis component includes a fan module, a first light emission module and Figure 3The high-speed receiving and collecting module shown in the figure; the fan module is used to absorb air and send it into the detection area at a stable flow rate, ensuring that the particles have consistent flow conditions during the analysis process, thereby improving the accuracy of particle size analysis. When particles of different sizes pass through the detector area, the high-speed receiving and collecting module collects the light intensity scattering pulse width and amplitude of different levels emitted by the first light emission module, and performs statistical calculation and analysis to determine the size and number of different particle sizes. The particle size analysis component has a variety of specifications. According to the on-site alarm requirements, the particle statistical particle size range is set to 0-0.3μm, 0.3μm-0.5μm, 0.5μm-1μm, 1μm-2.5μm, 2.5μm-5μm, 5μm-10μm, >10μm7 specifications, which are selected according to the needs of the site. The first light emission module uses a laser light source to emit different levels of light intensity.

[0033] In this embodiment, the fan module adopts the DELTA micro silent 4010 model. With its low noise and high performance, the fan is responsible for sucking air samples and delivering air into the detection area by maintaining a stable flow rate. This design ensures that the particles are in consistent flow conditions during the analysis process, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of particle size analysis.

[0034] The first light emission module uses FU FU LASER's 6mm diameter, 10mm length, 650nm wavelength, 5mW power red light spot laser module. This laser module emits different levels of light intensity with its high brightness and high stability laser light source, providing the necessary lighting conditions for particle size detection. When particles of different sizes pass through the detector area, they interact with the laser light source to produce scattered light.

[0035] The acquisition amplifier circuit of the high-speed receiving acquisition module (see Figure 3 As the core part of the system module, the first light emitting module (shown) is responsible for collecting these scattered light signals. This module can accurately capture the pulse width and amplitude generated by the different levels of light intensity scattered by the first light emitting module. By performing statistical calculations and analysis on these pulse signals, the size and number of particles of different diameters can be accurately determined.

[0036] In this embodiment, the high-speed receiving and collecting module can use high-speed photodetectors, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), preamplifiers, filters, clock sources and triggers, memory, and microprocessors or digital signal processors (such as STM32F103C8T6) and other devices to achieve the above functions. Among them, the photodetector converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog electrical signal output by the photodetector into a digital signal for subsequent digital signal processing; the preamplifier amplifies the weak electrical signal output by the photodetector to increase the signal strength for subsequent processing; the filter performs filtering processing on the collected signal to remove noise and interference components and improve signal quality; the clock source and trigger provide a stable clock signal and trigger signal for the ADC to ensure the synchronization and accuracy of the collection process; the memory is used to store the collected data for subsequent analysis and processing; the microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) performs statistical calculation and analysis on the collected data to determine the size and number of different particle sizes.

[0037] In order to meet the application requirements of different sites, the particle size analysis component provides a variety of specifications for selection. According to the on-site alarm requirements, users can set the particle statistical particle size range to seven specifications: 0-0.3μm, 0.3μm-0.5μm, 0.5μm-1μm, 1μm-2.5μm, 2.5μm-5μm, 5μm-10μm and >10μm. This flexible configuration method enables the system to adapt to various complex environmental conditions and ensure the accuracy and practicality of particle size detection.

[0038] In this embodiment, the particle size analysis component collects environmental particle size and distribution information in real time; first, the fan module is started, and the air duct is set to a particle size analysis sampling hole with a diameter of 3 mm, and the particle scattering collection area composed of the first light emitting module and the high-speed receiving and collecting module is sampled by F1 of the gas flow rate, and the sampling frequency F1THz is set, and according to the scattering intensity intervals of different particle size ranges 0-VD1-VD2-VD3-VD4-VD5-VD6-VD7, the statistical analysis of seven specifications of particles of 0-0.3μm, 0.3μm-0.5μm, 0.5μm-1μm, 1μm-2.5μm, 2.5μm-5μm, 5μm-10μm, and >10μm is realized, the number of particles of 7 levels is analyzed, and the real-time statistics of particle size distribution are realized, and the particle size distribution change is realized by combining the time slice statistics, and the statistics of the real-time change data of the particle size distribution are realized;

[0039] The multi-spectral scattering collection component includes a plurality of second light emission modules with different spectra, a light scattering collection module and a matching sinking light field detection structure; the plurality of second light emission modules with different spectra simultaneously emit pulses with related intervals to irradiate the same target particle area; the particles generate scattered light after being irradiated by light, and the scattered light is received by the sinking light field detection structure; the sinking light field detection structure focuses the scattered light and separates it into light with different spectral components; the light scattering collection modules corresponding to different angles receive the separated light, and further screen and separate them through optical filters; the received light signal is converted into an electrical signal through the detector, and the signal is processed and analyzed to determine the particle properties and concentration; and then the real-time concentration response data VF1R1, VF2R1, VF3R1, VF4R1, VF1R2, VF2R2, VF3R2, VF4R2 of 2, 4, 6, and 8 scattering intensities of each substance are obtained. In this embodiment, the spectrum of the multi-spectral scattering collection component is selected to be ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared for different spectrum combinations, or a single spectrum can be combined at multiple angles; the second light emission module uses an LED light source.

[0040] The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component is carefully constructed from multiple key components, aiming to achieve accurate identification and concentration analysis of particles with different properties in the environment. In this embodiment, the core part of the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component includes four second light emission modules with different spectra, which are equipped with 5mm round-headed light-emitting diode LED lamp beads, specifically high-brightness red (650nm), blue (470nm), infrared (940nm) and ultraviolet (280nm) light sources. These LED lamp beads provide a solid foundation for light scattering acquisition with their high brightness, good stability and low energy consumption. The LED light source not only has the advantages of long life and low energy consumption, but also has stable spectral characteristics and is easy to control, which provides a strong guarantee for the high performance of the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component.

[0041] During operation, the four second light emission modules 1, 2, 3, and 4 will emit pulsed light with related intervals in time. This design ensures that at different time points, only a single spectrum of light sources is activated, thereby avoiding mutual interference between spectra and improving the accuracy of data collection. When these pulsed lights irradiate particles passing through the same multi-angle scattering area, the light scattering collection modules corresponding to different angles will respond quickly and collect data. The collected data are then sent to the data analysis module, and the properties and concentration of the particles are accurately judged through advanced algorithms.

[0042] In this embodiment, the spectrum selection of the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component is extremely flexible. It can use different spectra such as ultraviolet, visible light, near infrared, etc. to obtain more comprehensive particle information; or it can only use a single spectrum, but combine it with multi-angle scattering data for combined analysis to improve the depth and breadth of the analysis. This design enables the component to be applicable to a variety of different application scenarios and meet diverse needs.

[0043] In this embodiment, the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component can obtain real-time concentration response data of each substance at 2, 4, 6, and 8 different scattering angles, such as VF1R1, VF2R1, VF3R1, and VF4R1 (representing the concentration response data of the first substance at four different scattering angles) and VF1R2, VF2R2, VF3R2, and VF4R2 (representing the concentration response data of the second substance at four different scattering angles), etc. These data provide valuable information resources for subsequent particle property analysis, concentration calculation, and environmental change monitoring.

[0044] In this embodiment, a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection method is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0045] Step S1: construct an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation; the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn, one or more environment collection components DT-S and a control terminal; the n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn are respectively installed in n detection areas for early detection and early warning of fire pyrolysis particles in the detection area; the environment collection component DT-S is installed in the environmental space where the detection area is located to collect real-time interference characteristics of the external environment where the detection area is located; if multiple detection areas are in the same environmental space, only one or multiple environment collection components DT-S are required according to the area size; the information collected by the n detection components and the environment collection component DT-S are all transmitted to the controller; the detection area is a power distribution cabinet or other closed space; the detection components and the environment collection components both use multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection devices;

[0046] Step S2: The environment collection component collects real-time basic data of interference characteristics of the external environment; when the basic data of the external environment interference characteristics is determined to exceed the reliable working range, an environmental fault is reported; when the basic data of the external environment interference characteristics exceeds the conventional fire alarm setting threshold, a fire alarm signal is issued to ensure that no fire alarm is missed;

[0047] Step S3: Use the detection component to collect basic particle distribution and multi-angle scattering characteristic information of the detection area environment, integrate the real-time interference characteristic basic data of the external environment collected by the environment collection component through particle statistics and multi-angle scattering self-learning, and realize early pyrolysis particle detection and reliable early warning of fire based on fusion multi-information recognition technology, and upload it to the control terminal of the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation.

[0048] The present invention uses a multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device as a detection component, which can efficiently collect the distribution status of environmental basic particles in the detection area and their multi-angle scattering characteristic information. In this process, the detection component uses a precise sensor network and algorithm to perform detailed statistics and self-learning of multi-angle scattering characteristics of particles in the detection area. This self-learning ability enables the system to gradually optimize its recognition accuracy of particle characteristics, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual situation in the detection area.

[0049] At the same time, in order to further improve the reliability of fire warning, the environmental acquisition component is also combined to capture the basic data of interference characteristics of the external environment in real time. These data include but are not limited to changes in environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure, all of which may affect the accuracy of fire warning. By taking these environmental factors into consideration, the fire risk in the detection area can be more comprehensively assessed.

[0050] After obtaining the basic data of particle distribution, multi-angle scattering characteristics and external environmental interference characteristics in the detection area, the fusion multi-information recognition technology is used to deeply integrate and analyze this information. This technology can make full use of the correlation and complementarity between various information to achieve accurate detection of pyrolytic particles in the early stage of fire. When the system detects abnormal changes in the concentration or scattering characteristics of pyrolytic particles, it will immediately trigger the early warning mechanism and generate detailed early warning information.

[0051] Finally, these warning information will be uploaded to the control terminal of the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation in a timely manner. The control terminal will further process and analyze the warning information to determine whether it is necessary to initiate corresponding emergency measures or issue an alarm. In this way, early warning and timely response to electrical fires can be achieved, thereby effectively reducing fire risks and ensuring the safety of personnel and property.

[0052] In this embodiment, an advanced data processing and analysis method is used for the scattering intensity data of different spectra and different scattering angles of the same particle scattering area acquired by the multi-spectral scattering acquisition component. First, through the pre-learning process, the system conducts in-depth learning of particles with different properties, so that it can accurately obtain real-time concentration response data of different scattering intensities. These data are marked as VFmRn, where m represents different spectra (m = 2, 3, 4, corresponding to spectra of specific wavelengths, respectively, and n = 1, 2, representing two sets of different scattering angles).

[0053] After obtaining these real-time concentration response data, further computational analysis was performed. Specifically, the ratios between various VFmRn in different concentration ranges were calculated. These ratios reflect the relative changes in scattering intensity under different spectra and different scattering angles, and are an important basis for evaluating particle concentration and properties. In order to build a basic database, these ratios were associated with the corresponding concentration ranges.

[0054] The division of concentration ranges is mainly based on the key parameter of obscuration (OBS). Obscuration refers to the degree of light intensity attenuation caused by particle scattering, and is an important indicator for evaluating particle concentration and fire risk. According to the size of the obscuration rate, the concentration range is divided into four levels:

[0055] High sensitivity range: When the dimming rate m≤0.8%obs / m, this range corresponds to extremely low particle concentration. In this range, the system has extremely high sensitivity to particle changes and can capture tiny concentration fluctuations.

[0056] Sensitive range: When the dimming rate is 0.8%obs / m<m≤2%obs / m, this range corresponds to a lower particle concentration. In this range, the system can still maintain a high sensitivity and accurately monitor the changes in particles.

[0057] Normal range: When the dimming rate m>2%obs / m, this range corresponds to a higher particle concentration. In this range, although the system sensitivity is relatively low, it can still stably monitor the concentration changes of particles and provide reliable data support for fire warning.

[0058] By building such a basic database, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the significance of scattering intensity data under different spectra and scattering angles, thereby achieving accurate detection and reliable early warning of pyrolysis particles in the early stages of a fire. This method not only improves the accuracy and reliability of fire warnings, but also provides strong technical support for the intelligence and automation of electrical fire monitoring and early warning systems.

[0059] In this embodiment, a basic database is established mainly for common fire materials such as ABS, PVC, wood, cotton rope, polyurethane, newspaper, n-heptane, dust, water mist, oil smoke, burning incense, and butter lamps, and ratio data curves of multiple angles corresponding to different concentration ranges are obtained to ultimately realize particle property determination.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-spectral composite pyrolytic particle early detection device, which is connected with corresponding electrical fire monitoring equipment to form a multi-spectral composite pyrolytic particle early monitoring and warning system, characterized in that: It includes a particle size analysis component and a multi-spectral scattering acquisition component. The particle size analysis component is used to collect and analyze the particle size and quantity of environmental particles in real time. The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects the scattering intensity change information of different substances at multiple angles under multiple spectra in real time. The particle size analysis component collects environmental particle size and distribution information in real time; firstly, the real-time statistics of particle size distribution are realized through high-speed light scattering intensity statistical analysis, and the particle size distribution change is statistically analyzed in combination with time slicing, thereby realizing the statistics of real-time change data of particle size distribution; The multi-spectral scattering acquisition component collects scattering intensity analysis data of multiple spectra in different bands and multiple angles, and realizes a combination of multiple emission spectra and receiving angles by receiving spectra in different bands and scattering intensities at different angles, thereby obtaining real-time data of multiple scattering intensities of each substance.

2. A multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size analysis component includes a fan module, a first light emitting module and a high-speed receiving and collecting module; the fan module is used to absorb air to maintain a stable flow rate. When particles of different particle sizes pass through the detector area, the high-speed receiving and collecting module collects the width and amplitude of light intensity scattering pulses of different levels emitted by the first light emitting module, and performs statistical calculation and analysis to determine the sizes and numbers of particles of different sizes.

3. The multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-spectral scattering collection component includes a plurality of second light emission modules with different spectra, a light scattering collection module and a matching sinking light field detection structure; the plurality of second light emission modules with different spectra simultaneously emit pulses with related intervals to illuminate the same target particle area; the particles generate scattered light after being irradiated by light, and the scattered light is received by the sinking light field detection structure; the sinking light field detection structure focuses the scattered light and separates it into light with different spectral components; the light scattering collection modules corresponding to different angles receive the separated light, and further screen and separate them through optical filters; the received light signal is converted into an electrical signal through the detector, and the signal is processed and analyzed to determine the particle attribute category and concentration.

4. The multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-spectral scattering collection component selects ultraviolet light, visible light, and near infrared light to perform different spectral combinations, and can also perform multi-angle combinations of a single spectrum.

5. The multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size analysis component has various specifications. According to the on-site alarm requirements, the particle statistical particle size range is set to seven specifications: 0μm-0.3μm, 0.3μm-0.5μm, 0.5μm-1μm, 1μm-2.5μm, 2.5μm-5μm, 5μm-10μm, and >10μm. The selection is made according to the on-site requirements.

6. The multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first light emitting module uses a laser light source to emit light intensities of different levels.

7. The multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second light emitting module uses an LED light source.

8. A multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection method, implemented based on the multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: construct an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation; the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation includes n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn, one or more environmental collection components DT-S and a control terminal; the n detection components DT1, DT2...DTn are respectively installed in n detection areas for early detection and early warning of pyrolysis particles in the detection area fire; the environmental collection component DT-S is installed in the environmental space where the detection area is located to collect real-time interference characteristics of the external environment where the detection area is located; if multiple detection areas are in the same environmental space, only one environmental collection component DT-S is needed or multiple environmental collection components DT-S are set according to the area size; the information collected by the n detection components and the environmental collection component DT-S is transmitted to the controller; the detection area is a power distribution cabinet or other closed space; the detection components and the environmental collection components both use multi-spectral composite pyrolysis particle early detection devices; Step S2: The environment collection component collects basic data of real-time interference characteristics of the external environment; When the basic data of external environmental interference characteristics is judged to be beyond the reliable working range, an environmental fault is reported; when the basic data of external environmental interference characteristics exceeds the conventional fire alarm setting threshold, a fire alarm signal is issued to ensure that no fire alarm is missed; Step S3: Use the detection component to collect the basic particle distribution and multi-angle scattering characteristic information of the detection area. Through particle statistics and multi-angle scattering self-learning, the real-time interference characteristic basic data of the external environment collected by the environment collection component are integrated. Based on the fusion of multi-information recognition technology, early pyrolysis particle detection and reliable early warning of fire are realized, and uploaded to the control terminal of the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on environmental compensation.

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