Tunnel surrounding rock water diversion fracture identification and water burst plugging method
By scientifically laying grouting holes in the tunnel, combining the spatial relationship model between the drilling holes and the crack surface, the yield of the crack surface is determined, and high viscosity slurry is used for sealing, which solves the problems of blind grouting hole arrangement, low efficiency and high cost in the existing technology, and achieves a more efficient and economical water blocking effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510251892.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-23
AI Technical Summary
The prior art grouting sealing method for crack-type in underground projects such as tunnels has problems such as poor effect, low efficiency and high cost. Especially in the presence of the initial branch layer, it is difficult to accurately identify water-guiding cracks, resulting in blind grouting hole layout, low penetration rate, and low effective utilization rate.
By drilling holes 1 on the right side of the water inrush point and the hole wall ≤30°, and drilling holes 2 on the vertical hole wall at the same height on the right side of the hole 1, the yield of the crack surface of the water inrush point is determined according to the water outlet of holes 1 and hole 2, the grouting holes are scientifically arranged according to the spatial relationship model between the drilling hole and the crack surface, and sealing them with high viscosity slurry with a specific gel time.
The efficiency of grouting and sealing is improved, the waste of grouting and sealing materials is reduced, and more efficient water blocking is achieved, and project costs are reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN120028877A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of prevention and control of sudden water inrush in underground engineering, and is particularly suitable for a method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rocks of tunnels and sealing water inrush. Background Art
[0002] Sudden water inrush is one of the most common geological disasters encountered in underground projects such as tunnels. It not only causes damage and loss of construction machinery, increases project costs, damages the groundwater environment, but also poses a huge threat to the life safety of on-site personnel. Grouting is one of the most commonly used means to control sudden water inrush in underground projects. However, at present, the water blocking grouting for fissure-type water inrush has the problems of poor effect, low efficiency and high cost. Especially for tunnels after shotcrete support, due to the existence of the primary support layer, the distribution and development of the fissures cannot be directly observed, and due to the gap between the primary support layer and the surrounding rock at a local position, the water inrush position observed on the surface of the primary support layer may not be the actual water outlet of the surrounding rock. Therefore, there is great blindness in the arrangement of grouting holes, which makes the penetration rate of grouting holes into water-conducting fissures low, resulting in low effective utilization of slurry and increased grouting costs. In addition, if grouting materials that are not suitable for the fissure dynamic water environment are used, not only will the ideal water blocking effect not be achieved, but also a large amount of grouting materials will be wasted, resulting in extremely high project costs. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rocks of a tunnel and sealing water inrush, which is used to solve the problems of blind arrangement of grouting holes, low water blocking efficiency and poor effect in grouting and sealing sudden water inrush in underground engineering.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush of the present invention comprises the following steps: S1, hole 1 is drilled to the left on the right side of the water inflow point and on the horizontal plane ≤30° with the cave wall; S2, drill hole 2 vertically on the cave wall at the same height on the right side of hole 1; S3, according to the water discharge conditions of hole 1 and hole 2, determine the occurrence of the fracture surface at the water inflow point; S4, arrange grouting holes according to the occurrence of the fracture surface at the water gushing point, and use slurry with high viscosity and specific gel time to seal.
[0005] Furthermore, in step S1, the depth of hole 1 is greater than or equal to 3 m.
[0006] Furthermore, in step S2, the distance between hole 2 and hole 1 is 2 m, and the depth of hole 2 is greater than or equal to 3 m.
[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, according to the quadrant of the spatial rectangular coordinate system to which the normal vector of the fracture surface of the gushing point points, the occurrence of the fracture surface of the gushing point is divided into four types: occurrence 1 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the I or VII quadrant; occurrence 2 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the III or V quadrant; occurrence 3 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the II or VIII quadrant; and occurrence 4 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the IV or VI quadrant.
[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, if water is produced from both hole 1 and hole 2 or if water is not produced from hole 1 and water is produced from hole 2, the occurrence of the fracture surface at the corresponding gushing point is occurrence 1 or occurrence 2; if water is not produced from both hole 1 and hole 2 or if water is produced from hole 1 and water is not produced from hole 2, the occurrence of the fracture surface at the corresponding gushing point is occurrence 3 or occurrence 4.
[0009] Furthermore, for occurrence 1 or occurrence 2, grouting holes are arranged to the left on the right side of hole 2, on a plane with an angle of 45° to the cave wall; for occurrence 3 or occurrence 4, grouting holes are arranged to the right on the left side of hole 1, on a plane with an angle of 45° to the cave wall.
[0010] The invention has the advantages that, through scientific theoretical analysis and research, a method with basis is provided for the layout of grouting holes, the efficiency of grouting and plugging is improved, and the waste of grouting and plugging materials is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for identifying water-conducting fissures in the surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush.
[0012] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of four types of fracture surface occurrences. Figure 2 (1) ~ Figure 2 (4) Schematic diagrams of the fracture surface occurrences of occurrences 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
[0013] Figure 3 It is the spatial intersection form of hole 1 and fracture surfaces of different occurrences.
[0014] Figure 4 It is the transformation process of the horizontal intersection relationship between hole 1 and the fracture surface.
[0015] Figure 5 It is the horizontal intersection form of the intersection line between hole 1 and the fracture surfaces of different attitudes.
[0016] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the intersection model of hole 1 and the occurrence fracture surface.
[0017] Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of the non-intersecting model of hole 1 and the occurrence fracture surface.
[0018] Figure 8 There are four cases where hole 1 and hole 2 intersect with the fracture surface.
[0019] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of grouting holes under different conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rocks of a tunnel and sealing water inrush of the present invention comprises the following steps: S1, on the right side of the water gushing point, drill hole 1 to the left on the horizontal plane ≤30° with the cave wall. The depth of hole 1 is greater than or equal to 3m.
[0022] S2, drill hole 2 vertically on the cave wall at the same height on the right side of hole 1. Hole 2 is 2m away from hole 1, and the depth of hole 2 is greater than or equal to 3m.
[0023] S3, according to the water output of hole 1 and hole 2, and based on the spatial relationship model between the borehole and the fracture surface, determine the occurrence of the fracture surface at the water inflow point.
[0024] There are four types of fracture surfaces, depending on the quadrant of the rectangular coordinate system pointed to by the normal vector of the fracture surface. The normal vector of the fracture surface of occurrence 1 points to the I or VII quadrant, the normal vector of the fracture surface of occurrence 2 points to the III or V quadrant, the normal vector of the fracture surface of occurrence 3 points to the II or VIII quadrant, and the normal vector of the fracture surface of occurrence 4 points to the IV or VI quadrant. Figure 2 As shown. Assume that the normal vector of the crack surface is = ( n x , n y , n z ), then the coordinate ranges of the normal direction vectors of the above four types of fracture surfaces can be expressed in mathematical form as follows: Occurrence 1: 0≤ n x ≤1,0≤ n y ≤1,0≤ n z ≤1, or -1≤ n x ≤0, -1≤ n y ≤0, -1≤ n z ≤0.
[0025] Occurrence 2: 0 < n x ≤ 1, 0 < n y ≤ 1, -1 ≤ n z < 0, or -1 ≤ n x < 0, -1 ≤ n y < 0, 0 < n z ≤ 1.
[0026] Occurrence 3: -1 ≤ n x < 0, 0 < n y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ n z ≤ 1, or 0 < n x ≤ 1, -1 ≤ n y < 0, -1 ≤ n z ≤ 0.
[0027] Occurrence 4: -1 < nx < 0, 0 < ny < 1, -1 < nz < 0, or 0 < nx < 1, -1 < ny < 0, 0 < nz < 1.
[0028] When both Hole 1 and Hole 2 discharge water or Hole 1 does not discharge water and Hole 2 discharges water, the occurrence of the fissure plane at the water inrush point is Occurrence 1 or Occurrence 2; when both Hole 1 and Hole 2 do not discharge water or Hole 1 discharges water and Hole 2 does not discharge water, the occurrence of the fissure plane at the water inrush point is Occurrence 3 or Occurrence 4.
[0029] S4. Arrange grouting holes according to the occurrence of the fissure plane at the water inrush point, and use a slurry with high viscosity and a specific gel time to seal. Specifically, for Occurrence 1 or Occurrence 2, on the plane at a 45° angle to the tunnel wall on the right side of Hole 2, arrange grouting holes to the left; for Occurrence 3 or Occurrence 4, on the plane at a 45° angle to the tunnel wall on the left side of Hole 1, arrange grouting holes to the right.
[0030] The present invention determines the occurrence of the fissure plane at the water inrush point based on the water discharge conditions of Hole 1 and Hole 2, relying on the spatial relationship model between the borehole and the fissure plane. The process and principle of constructing this model are as follows: When along the tunnel wall surface = (k x , k y , k z )(k y < 0 and k z=0), namely, hole 1 in the present invention. Hole 1 may intersect with the fracture surfaces of the four types of occurrences. According to whether the hole mouth position of hole 1 is within the projection range of the fracture surface on the cave wall, hole 1 has only one spatial intersection relationship with fracture surfaces of occurrences 1 and 2, and hole 1 has two spatial intersection relationships with fracture surfaces of occurrences 3 and 4, that is, hole 1 has six spatial intersection relationships with fracture surfaces of different occurrences, such as Figure 3 shown.
[0031] Taking the spatial intersection relationship between hole 1 and the fracture surface of occurrence 1 as an example, the horizontal plane where hole 1 is located is used as the analysis plane, and the intersection line between the horizontal plane and the fracture surface is drawn to obtain the horizontal intersection relationship between hole 1 and the intersection line on the horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 4 shown.
[0032] According to the above method, the horizontal intersection relationship of the six spatial intersection relationships between hole 1 and fracture surfaces of different occurrences is obtained, such as Figure 5 shown.
[0033] According to the location of the water inflow point on the cave wall and the direction of the intersection line on the horizontal plane, Figure 5 The 6 horizontal intersection relationships in are classified. The specific classification method is: Figure 5 (1) Figure 5 (2) Figure 5 (5) and Figure 5 The water inflow points of (6) are all located on the left side of the hole, among which, Figure 5 (1) and Figure 5 (2) have the same intersection direction. Figure 5 (5) and Figure 5 (6) have the same intersection direction. Therefore, Figure 5 (1) and Figure 5 (2) The positional relationship between the borehole 1 and the intersection line belongs to the same type, which can be summarized as Figure 6 Intersection model 1 in (1). Figure 5 (5) and Figure 5 (6) The positional relationship between the borehole 1 and the intersection line belongs to the same type, which can be summarized as Figure 6 Intersection model 2 in (2). Figure 5 (3) and Figure 5 The water inflow points of (4) are all located on the right side of the hole, and the intersection direction is consistent, so Figure 5 (3) and Figure 5 (4) The positional relationship between the borehole 1 and the intersection line belongs to the same type, which can be summarized as Figure 6 Intersection model 3 in (3).
[0034] There are also non-intersections between hole 1 and the four types of fracture surfaces. When hole 1 does not intersect with the fracture surfaces of different occurrences, according to whether the hole mouth of hole 1 is within the projection range of the fracture surface on the cave wall, hole 1 has only one form of spatial non-intersection with fracture surfaces of occurrences 1 and 2; hole 1 has two forms of spatial non-intersection with fracture surfaces of occurrences 3 and 4. Similarly, six types of spatial non-intersection relationships between hole 1 and fracture surfaces of different occurrences can be obtained.
[0035] Still taking the spatial non-intersecting relationship between hole 1 and the fracture surface of occurrence 1 as an example, the horizontal plane where hole 1 is located is used as the analysis plane, and the intersection line between the horizontal plane and the fracture surface is drawn to obtain the horizontal non-intersecting relationship between hole 1 and the intersection line on the horizontal plane. Figure 7 The figure shows three non-intersecting models of hole 1 and the intersection line.
[0036] When the acute angle between hole 1 and the cave wall is small enough, Figure 6 The intersection model of (3) will be transformed into Figure 7 The disjoint model in (3) is Figure 7 The disjoint model of (2) is transformed into Figure 6 (2). At this time, the three intersecting models are reduced to two, namely, intersecting model 1 and intersecting model 2; the three non-intersecting models are also reduced to two, namely, non-intersecting model 1 and non-intersecting model 2.
[0037] The water output from holes 1 and 2 can reflect the intersection of the borehole and the fracture surface. Figure 6 The intersection model of Hole 1 and the occurrence fracture surface is shown, and Figure 7 From the non-intersecting model of hole 1 and the occurrence fracture surface shown in , it can be seen that there are four situations where hole 1 and hole 2 intersect with the fracture surface, such as Figure 8 shown.
[0038] When water comes out from both hole 1 and hole 2, it meets the requirement Figure 8 (1) In this case, Figure 6 (1) The intersection model of the middle hole 1 and the occurrence fracture surface, based on which the occurrence of the fracture surface is determined to be Figure 1 Occurrence 1 or Occurrence 2.
[0039] If water comes out from hole 1 and water does not come out from hole 2, it meets the requirement. Figure 8 (2) In this case, Figure 6 (2) The intersection model of borehole 1 and the fracture surface, based on which the fracture surface occurrence is determined to be Figure 1 Occurrence 3 or 4.
[0040] If water does not come out from hole 1 and water comes out from hole 2, then Figure 8 (3) In this case, Figure 7(1) The non-intersecting model between the middle hole 1 and the fracture surface, based on which the fracture surface occurrence is determined to be Figure 1 Occurrence 1 or Occurrence 2.
[0041] If neither hole 1 nor hole 2 produces water, then the Figure 8 (4) corresponds to Figure 7 (3) The non-intersecting model between the fracture surface 1 and the fracture surface, based on which the fracture surface occurrence is judged to be Figure 1 Occurrence 3 or 4.
[0042] For the two cases where both hole 1 and hole 2 have water flowing out, and hole 1 has no water flowing out but hole 2 has water flowing out, that is, Figure 1 For the fracture surface of occurrence 1 or 2, the grouting holes should be arranged on the right side of hole 2, facing left, with an acute angle of 45° with the cave wall. The schematic diagram of grouting hole arrangement is as follows: Fig. 9 (1) as shown.
[0043] For the case where neither hole 1 nor hole 2 produces water, or when water is produced in hole 1 but not in hole 2, that is, Figure 1 For the fracture surface of occurrence 3 or 4, the grouting holes should be arranged on the left side of hole 1, facing right, with an acute angle of 45° with the cave wall. The schematic diagram of grouting hole arrangement is as follows: Fig. 9 (2) as shown.
[0044] The slurry with high viscosity and specific gel time should have good anti-scouring performance, be able to gel effectively in a dynamic water environment, and the gel time should not be longer than the time taken for the slurry to flow out of the grouting pipe to the crack outlet. The specific gel time data of the slurry used needs to be determined in combination with field tests.
Claims
1. A method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, drill hole 1 to the left on the plane ≤30° with the cave wall on the right side of the water inflow point; S2, drill hole 2 vertically on the cave wall at the same height on the right side of hole 1; S3, according to the water discharge conditions of hole 1 and hole 2, determine the occurrence of the fracture surface at the water inflow point; S4, arrange grouting holes according to the occurrence of the fracture surface at the water gushing point, and use slurry with high viscosity and specific gel time to seal.
2. The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the depth of hole 1 is greater than or equal to 3m.
3. The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the distance between hole 2 and hole 1 is 2m, and the depth of hole 2 is greater than or equal to 3m.
4. The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, according to the quadrant of the spatial rectangular coordinate system to which the normal vector of the fracture surface of the gushing point points, the occurrence of the fracture surface of the gushing point is divided into four types: occurrence 1 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the I or VII quadrant; occurrence 2 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the III or V quadrant; occurrence 3 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the II or VIII quadrant; and occurrence 4 when the normal vector of the fracture surface points to the IV or VI quadrant.
5. The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S3, if both hole 1 and hole 2 produce water or hole 1 does not produce water and hole 2 produces water, the corresponding fracture surface occurrence of the gushing point is occurrence 1 or occurrence 2; if neither hole 1 nor hole 2 produces water or hole 1 produces water and hole 2 does not produce water, the corresponding fracture surface occurrence of the gushing point is occurrence 3 or occurrence 4.
6. The method for identifying water-conducting fissures in surrounding rock of a tunnel and sealing water inrush according to claim 4, characterized in that: For occurrence 1 or 2, grouting holes are arranged on the right side of hole 2, on a plane with an angle of 45° to the cave wall, and to the left; for occurrence 3 or 4, grouting holes are arranged on the left side of hole 1, on a plane with an angle of 45° to the cave wall, and to the right.