High-stability moss spray-seeding construction method for rapidly greening side slope bald spots

Abstract

The invention provides a high-stability moss spray-seeding construction method for rapidly greening side slope bald spots. The high-stability moss spray-seeding construction method comprises the steps that S1, slope surface pretreatment is conducted, specifically, broken stones and residual herbaceous sundries at the positions of the slope bald spots are removed; the bald spot position of the slope surface is pre-wetted, and it is guaranteed that the spray-seeding base material and slope surface soil can be bonded; s2, preparing a base material: mixing the moss broken body, moss spores, plant seeds, an organic material, sandy loam, an ecological adhesive, a microbial fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, adding water, and stirring for more than 15 minutes to obtain a moss base material; s3, base material spray-seeding: a spray-seeding machine is used for uniformly spray-seeding a moss base material on the bald spot position of the slope surface, and the thickness is 2-12 cm; s4, follow-up maintenance: covering the spray-seeding position with a non-woven fabric within 30-60 minutes after spray-seeding is completed; during the period from spray-seeding completion to moss and seedling germination, watering is conducted once every two days in the morning in winter, watering is conducted once every day in the morning in summer, and then the watering frequency is gradually reduced along with plant growth; and removing the non-woven fabric when the moss coverage reaches at least 30% or the plant sprouts for at least 5cm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly to a high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly greening bald patches on slopes. Background Art

[0002] Slope ecological restoration is an important means to restore the functions of degraded slope ecosystems and improve their stability and ecological benefits. However, in actual projects, due to multiple aspects such as soil conditions, plant selection, construction quality, natural environment, ecological succession, hydrological conditions, chemical pollution, monitoring and management, and social economy, some slopes that have undergone ecological restoration have shown varying degrees of degradation, and large areas of degraded bald patches have occurred, leading to increased ecological problems such as reduced biodiversity, serious soil erosion, and water and soil loss, seriously affecting the restoration effect and the sustainability of ecological functions (see Appendix Figure 2 , the bald patches affect the restoration effect). Moreover, it is difficult for the bald patch areas to recover naturally. Over time, the soil and vegetation conditions in the bald patch areas further deteriorate, and the restoration difficulty and cost increase significantly.

[0003] To solve this problem, a patent (application number: 201110189970.7) covers the soil with imported soil, reseeds plant seeds suitable for local growth, and covers with a film for heat preservation to improve the soil environment for the growth and development of vegetation in the treatment of bald patches and meet the growth needs of vegetation. Although this method can quickly green the bald patches, the greening is slow and the time limit is short. At the same time, this method is only applicable to alpine lakeside saline-alkali wetlands; a patent (application number: 201811644985.6) quickly greens the bald patches by laying composite turf. Although this method has simple procedures, its construction is difficult to operate on high-steep slopes with complex terrain and landforms, and it is easily washed off by heavy rain, resulting in a low survival rate of vegetation. A patent (application number: 201911034294.9) uses bryophytes and algae to improve the vegetation on high-steep hard slopes. Although this method is applicable to high-steep slopes, it requires the cultivation of moss, which takes a long time, and its construction is relatively complex and is not suitable for solving the problem of bald patches on slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the current technical problems, the main object of the present invention is to provide a high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly greening bald patches on slopes. The moss spraying process provided by the present invention has high stability and good greening effect; by using moss crusts, it can adhere and combine with the sand grains of the lower-layer soil on high-steep slopes, improve the soil erosion resistance ability, reduce the risk of being damaged by external factors such as climate, and effectively solve the problem of bald patches on slopes.

[0005] To achieve the above technical features, the object of the present invention is realized as follows: A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly greening bald patches on slopes, comprising the following steps: S1, pretreatment of the slope surface: Remove the gravel and remaining herbaceous debris at the bare patches on the slope surface; pre-wet the bare patches on the slope surface to ensure that the spraying substrate can adhere to the slope soil body; S2, Substrate preparation: Mix the bryophyte fragments, bryophyte spores, plant seeds, organic materials, sandy loam, ecological adhesive, microbial bacterial fertilizer, and water retention agent, and then add water and stir for more than 15 minutes to obtain the bryophyte substrate; S3, Substrate spraying: Use a spraying machine to evenly spray the bryophyte substrate on the bare patches on the slope surface, with a thickness of 2 - 12 cm; S4, Subsequent maintenance: Within 30 - 60 minutes after spraying, cover the sprayed area with non-woven fabric; from the completion of spraying to the germination of bryophytes and seedlings, water once every two mornings in winter and once every morning in summer. The water should be atomized, and then gradually reduce the watering frequency as the plants grow. At the same time, the watering should be adjusted according to the local precipitation situation; remove the non-woven fabric when the bryophyte coverage reaches at least 30% or the plants germinate at least 5 cm.

[0006] Preferably, in the bryophyte substrate in S2, by weight, it includes: 200 - 300 parts of bryophyte fragments, 5 - 10 parts of bryophyte spores, 20 - 50 parts of plant seeds, 200 - 250 parts of organic materials, 300 - 400 parts of sandy loam, 1 - 2 parts of ecological adhesive, 20 - 50 parts of microbial bacterial fertilizer, 0.5 - 2 parts of water retention agent, and 220 - 480 parts of water.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the bryophyte fragments in S2: Air-dry the bryophytes with spores collected from the wild or artificially cultivated, and then put them into a plant crusher for crushing, ensuring that the bryophyte fragmentation degree is between 1 - 2 cm to obtain the bryophyte fragments; The bryophyte fragments include: Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Entodon viridulus, Haplocladium microphyllum, Funaria hygrometrica, Lunularia cruciata, Conocephalum conicum, etc.

[0008] Preferably, the plant seeds in S2 adopt the grass, shrub, and vine seeds commonly used in slope ecological restoration.

[0009] Preferably, the organic materials in S2 include one or more of corn straw, rice husk charcoal, and sawdust.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the components of the microbial bacterial fertilizer in S2 is: 10 - 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer, 10 - 20 parts of Bacillus megaterium bacterial fertilizer, and 8 - 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the ecological binder components in S2 are proportioned by mass as follows: 12-25 parts of artemisia sphaerocephala gum, 10-18 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 4-8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide.

[0012] Preferably, the water-retaining agent components in S2 are proportioned by mass as follows: 30-35 parts of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 12-15 parts of starch grafted acrylate water-retaining agent, and 5-7 parts of cellulose water-retaining agent.

[0013] Preferably, the spraying thickness of the base material in S3 is 4-6 cm.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The moss spraying base material of the present invention includes: moss fragments, moss spores, plant seeds, organic materials, sandy loam, ecological binder, microbial bacterial fertilizer, and water-retaining agent; by adding sandy loam to the base material, the air permeability of the soil is effectively improved, and the problem that the sprayed layer of the base material may cause soil sealing in the existing ecological restoration technology is solved.

[0015] 2. The ecological binder of the present invention selects artemisia sphaerocephala gum, cellulose-based hydrogel, and seaweed polysaccharide. Among them, artemisia sphaerocephala gum is a natural polysaccharide extracted from the seeds of the desert plant Artemisia sphaerocephala, which has high viscosity and strong film-forming properties and can stably and firmly adhere to the surface of objects; cellulose-based hydrogel is a natural polymer material based on cellulose, which has good adhesion performance and can bond various materials of the moss spraying base material into shape; seaweed polysaccharide is mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae (such as kelp and giant kelp), which has excellent gelling properties and water solubility. The addition of the ecological binder can quickly consolidate the seed source and the soil body, enhance the adhesion of the moss spraying base material, provide a suitable environment for the initial stage of moss crust colonization and development, and at the same time significantly improve the erosion resistance of the base material, preventing the destruction of the base material by rain erosion and soil erosion. In addition, the ecological binder has low cost and no environmental pollution risk, and belongs to a natural bonding material.

[0016] 3. The addition of the microbial bacterial fertilizer of the present invention effectively improves the decomposition ability of organic substances in the soil, improves the soil nutrient status and soil structure, increases soil aeration and water retention, promotes the growth of moss and other vegetation, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and indirectly realizes environmental friendliness. The use of the water-retaining agent can effectively improve the water retention performance of the soil, reduce water evaporation and loss, and thus provide stable water conditions for the growth of moss and other vegetation.

[0017] 4. The present invention uses bryophytes as pioneer plants suitable for growing on the surface of slope concrete, and realizes rapid greening through spraying substrates, effectively solving the problem of bald patches caused by slope degradation after ecological restoration. At the same time, bryophytes, lichens, algae, fungi, bacteria, etc. form bryophyte crusts on the concrete surface, effectively reducing soil erosion. The bryophyte fragments can be decomposed by microorganisms in the later stage to provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements for plants, promote plant growth, improve soil fertility, increase the humus content in the soil, improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and provide a good foundation for subsequent vegetation restoration and succession.

[0018] 5. The method of the present invention is simple to operate. Only spraying is required to form a bryophyte matrix layer suitable for plant growth on the slope surface. It has the advantages of low maintenance cost, fast greening speed, and long-term durability of the restoration effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 The working flow chart of a high-stability bryophyte spraying construction method for quickly greening the bald patches on slopes of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 Practical map of investigating the bald patch problems on a certain ecological restoration slope.

[0022] Figure 3 Bryophytes cultivated indoors.

[0023] Figure 4 Preparation of bryophyte fragments.

[0024] Figure 5 Vegetation coverage after construction of each example and comparative example.

[0025] Figure 6 Cohesion of the substrate 60 days after spraying of each example and comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0027] The present invention provides a high-stability bryophyte spraying construction method for quickly greening the bald patches on slopes, including the following steps: Slope pretreatment: Remove debris such as gravel and remaining herbs at the bald patch positions on the slope. Pre-wet the bald patch positions on the slope to ensure that the spraying substrate can adhere to the slope soil; Substrate preparation: Mix the moss crushed bodies, moss spores, plant seeds, organic materials, sandy loam, ecological adhesives, microbial fertilizers and water retaining agents, add water and stir for more than 15 minutes to obtain the moss spraying substrate. The base material comprises, by weight, 200-300 parts of moss crushed bodies, 5-10 parts of moss spores, 20-50 parts of plant seeds, 200-250 parts of organic materials, 300-400 parts of sandy loam, 1-2 parts of ecological adhesives, 20-50 parts of microbial fertilizers, 0.5-2 parts of water retaining agents and 220-480 parts of water; the types of mosses include large gray moss, creeping lantern moss, green leaf silk moss, fine leaf feather moss, gourd moss, half moon moss and snake moss; the types of plant seeds include ryegrass, wing chrysanthemum, vitex, alfalfa, Amorpha fruticosa, indigo plant and Robinia pseudoacacia; the ecological adhesives include artemisia gum, cellulose-based hydrogel and seaweed polysaccharides; the microbial fertilizers include Bacillus subtilis fertilizer, Bacillus megaterium fertilizer and Bacillus licheniformis fertilizer; the water retaining agents include polyacrylamide water retaining agents, starch grafted acrylate water retaining agents and cellulose water retaining agents.

[0028] Substrate spraying: Use a spraying machine to spray the moss substrate evenly on the bald spots on the slope surface, with a thickness of 2-12 cm, preferably 4-6 cm. The spraying machine is a commonly used spraying machine in the field of slope ecological restoration, which ensures that the sprayed material can be evenly and strongly attached to the slope surface.

[0029] Subsequent maintenance: Cover the spraying area with non-woven fabric within 30-60 minutes after spraying. From the completion of spraying to the germination of moss and seedlings, water once every two days in the morning in winter and once every morning in summer. The water droplets should be atomized, and then the number of watering should be gradually reduced as the plants grow. At the same time, the watering should be adjusted according to the local precipitation conditions. Remove the non-woven fabric when the moss coverage reaches 30% or the plant sprouts 5cm.

[0030] In the present invention, the moss crushed body is prepared by drying the moss with spores in the shade, and then crushing it in a plant crusher to ensure that the moss crushing degree is between 1-2 cm to obtain the moss crushed body (see attached Figure 4). The bryophyte fragments include one or more of Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Entodon viridulus, Haplocladium microphyllum, Funaria hygrometrica, Lunularia cruciata, and Conocephalum conicum. The present invention does not impose special restrictions on the sources of the above-mentioned Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Entodon viridulus, Haplocladium microphyllum, Funaria hygrometrica, Lunularia cruciata, and Conocephalum conicum, which can be collected in the wild, obtained after artificial cultivation, or purchased commercially. At the same time, when two or more of the above species are used in combination, there is no special restriction on the mixed quality of Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Entodon viridulus, Haplocladium microphyllum, Funaria hygrometrica, Lunularia cruciata, and Conocephalum conicum, and any quality mixture is acceptable. Preferably, the sources of the Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, and Conocephalum conicum in the present invention are artificially cultivated, including: collecting the required bryophytes in the wild, cultivating the bryophytes in an artificial climate chamber using the stem-breaking method, and collecting and placing them in a cool and ventilated place to dry naturally after the growth coverage of the bryophytes is stable according to their species. Preferably, after drying and crushing two or more of the above bryophytes, bryophyte fragments are obtained. In the present invention, the air-drying treatment ensures that the bryophyte crust is in a dormant stage, maintains good metabolic functions, can quickly recover its proliferation ability in the later application, and improves the growth rate of the bryophyte crust. In the present invention, the source of the bryophyte spores is not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used.

[0031] In the present invention, the plant seeds are seeds such as grasses, shrubs, and vines commonly used for slope ecological restoration, and the sources are not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used. Preferably, the ecological restoration plant seeds in the present invention include Lolium perenne, Pterocypsela indica, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, Medicago sativa, Amorpha fruticosa, Indigofera amblyantha, and Robinia pseudoacacia, and one or several of them are used in combination when in use.

[0032] In the present invention, the organic materials include one or more of corn straw, rice husk charcoal, sawdust, etc. When preferably any two or more of the several organic materials are used, they can be mixed in any mass ratio.

[0033] In the present invention, the source of the sandy loam is not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used. The addition of sandy loam improves the air permeability of the soil layer and solves the problem of the substrate spray layer being sealed caused by some ecological restoration technologies.

[0034] In the present invention, the components of the microbial bacterial fertilizer are proportioned by mass as follows: 10-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer, 10-20 parts of Bacillus megaterium bacterial fertilizer, and 8-15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial fertilizer. The source of the microbial bacterial fertilizer is not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used. Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium ), has a strong ability to decompose organic matter and can promote the circulation and utilization of nutrients in the soil; Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), has dual functions of antibacterial and growth promotion and can optimize the soil microbial community; Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis(0) It can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and its metabolites can also stimulate the systemic resistance of plants and enhance the resistance of plants to pathogenic bacteria. By adding microbial bacterial fertilizers, the ability of the soil to decompose various organic substances is improved, the soil nutrient status is improved, thereby promoting the growth and development of vegetation. At the same time, adding these two types of bacteria can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, playing an indirect role in environmental protection.

[0035] In the present invention, the ecological binder components are proportioned by mass as follows: 12 - 25 parts of Artemisia sphaerocephala gum, 10 - 18 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 4 - 8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide. The source is not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used. By adding the ecological binder, the seed source and the soil body can be quickly consolidated, the bonding ability of the moss spraying substrate can be enhanced, thereby providing a favorable environment for the development of crust colonization, improving the erosion resistance of the substrate. At the same time, the ecological binder of the present invention has the characteristics of low cost and no environmental pollution, and is a natural binder.

[0036] In the present invention, the water retaining agent components are proportioned by mass as follows: 30 - 35 parts of polyacrylamide water retaining agent, 12 - 15 parts of starch grafted acrylate water retaining agent, and 5 - 7 parts of cellulose water retaining agent. The source is not particularly limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used.

[0037] The mechanism of the present invention: Bryophytes are a kind of higher plants second only to seed plants. Their structure is in the form of large sheet-like cushion communities, and the branches and leaves intersect to form a large number of capillary voids. This structure endows bryophytes with strong water absorption ability and anti-scour ability, can resist natural high temperatures, can survive under drought conditions, and can quickly return to the normal growth state in a suitable growth environment; bryophytes have low requirements for the growth environment, can quickly develop through spores or fragments, and at the same time, the acidic substances secreted during growth can decompose the concrete surface layer, can adsorb and retain nutrients from the atmosphere, use asexual reproduction to form new plant bodies in the form of spores or plant fragments, and form bryophyte crusts with lichens, algae, fungi, bacteria, etc. on the concrete surface layer, creating conditions for the growth of microscopic plants, opening up habitats, increasing the cohesion and surface roughness of the soil, and effectively reducing soil erosion. And the moss spraying substrate can form a moss matrix layer for plant growth and development on the surface of the slope bald patch only by spraying, with low maintenance costs and high vegetation survival rates. Therefore, developing a moss spraying process is the optimal solution for repairing slope baldness.

[0038] The following examples are used to illustrate the methods and technical solutions provided by the present invention in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Implementation cases To enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the details and operations of the above embodiments of the present application, and to significantly demonstrate the advanced performance of the moss spraying substrate for ecological restoration and its preparation method in the embodiments of the present application, the above technical solutions are illustrated by way of multiple embodiments as follows.

[0040] Example 1: Clean the debris such as gravel and remaining herbs at the bald patches on the slope. Spray an appropriate amount of water on the bald patch positions of the slope for pre-wetting; Collect artificially cultivated Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Funaria hygrometrica, and Conocephalum conicum, put them into clean plastic bags, and dry and crush them at room temperature to obtain a mixed moss gametophyte; Mix 220 parts of moss fragments and moss spores, 40 parts of plant seeds, 200 parts of organic material, 400 parts of sandy loam, 2 parts of ecological adhesive, 20 parts of microbial bacterial fertilizer, and 1 part of water retaining agent, and then add 400 parts of water and stir for more than 15 minutes to obtain a moss spraying substrate; Among them, the plant seeds are Lolium perenne, Pterocypsela indica, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, Medicago sativa, Amorpha fruticosa, Indigofera amblyantha, Robinia pseudoacacia; the organic material is corn straw and sawdust; the microbial bacterial fertilizer is mixed by 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer, 18 parts of Bacillus megaterium bacterial fertilizer, and 8 parts of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial fertilizer according to mass ratio; the ecological adhesive is mixed by 22 parts of Artemisia sphaerocephala gum, 12 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 4 parts of algal polysaccharide according to mass parts.

[0041] Use a spraying machine to evenly spray the moss substrate on the bald patch positions of the slope, and control the spraying thickness of the substrate to be 4 cm; Thirty minutes after the spraying is completed, cover the sprayed area with non-woven fabric. From the completion of spraying to the germination of moss and seedlings, water once every morning, and the water droplets should be atomized. When the moss coverage reaches 30%, remove the non-woven fabric.

[0042] Example 2: Clean the debris such as gravel and remaining herbs at the bald patches on the slope. Spray an appropriate amount of water on the bald patch positions of the slope for pre-wetting; Collect artificially cultivated Hypnum plumaeforme, Plagiomnium acutum, Funaria hygrometrica, and Conocephalum conicum, put them into clean plastic bags, and dry and crush them at room temperature to obtain a mixed moss gametophyte; Mix 300 parts of moss fragments and moss spores, 20 parts of plant seeds, 200 parts of organic material, 300 parts of sandy loam, 2 parts of ecological adhesive, 40 parts of microbial bacterial fertilizer, and 1 part of water retaining agent, and then add 380 parts of water and stir for more than 15 minutes to obtain a moss spraying substrate; Among them, the plant seeds are ryegrass, pterocypsela indica, vitex negundo, alfalfa, amorpha fruticosa, indigofera amblyantha, and robinia pseudoacacia; the organic materials are corn straw and sawdust; the microbial bacterial fertilizer is mixed by 20 parts of bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer, 16 parts of bacillus megaterium bacterial fertilizer, and 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis bacterial fertilizer according to the mass ratio; the ecological adhesive is mixed by 20 parts of artemisia sphaerocephala gum, 13 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide according to the mass ratio.

[0043] Using a hydroseeder, evenly spray the moss substrate on the bald spot position of the slope, and control the spraying thickness of the substrate to be 4.5 cm; 30 minutes after the spraying is completed, cover the sprayed area with non-woven fabric. From the completion of spraying to the germination of moss and seedlings, water once every morning. The water droplets should be atomized during watering, and the non-woven fabric should be removed when the moss coverage reaches 30%.

[0044] Example 3: Clean up the debris such as gravel and remaining herbs at the bald spot position of the slope. Sprinkle an appropriate amount of water on the bald spot position of the slope for pre-wetting; Collect artificially cultivated hypnum plumaeforme, plagiothecium acutum, funaria hygrometrica, and conocephalum conicum, put them into a clean plastic seal bag, and dry and crush them at room temperature to obtain a mixed moss gametophyte; Mix 250 parts of the moss crushed body and moss spores, 20 parts of plant seeds, 250 parts of organic materials, 320 parts of sandy loam, 1.5 parts of ecological adhesive, 35 parts of microbial bacterial fertilizer, and 1 part of water-retaining agent, and then add 300 parts of water and stir for more than 15 minutes to obtain the moss hydroseeding substrate; Among them, the plant seeds are ryegrass, pterocypsela indica, vitex negundo, alfalfa, amorpha fruticosa, indigofera amblyantha, and robinia pseudoacacia; the organic materials are corn straw and sawdust; the microbial bacterial fertilizer is mixed by 15 parts of bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer, 10 parts of bacillus megaterium bacterial fertilizer, and 12 parts of bacillus licheniformis bacterial fertilizer according to the mass ratio; the ecological adhesive is mixed by 17 parts of artemisia sphaerocephala gum, 14 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide according to the mass ratio.

[0045] Using a hydroseeder, evenly spray the moss substrate on the bald spot position of the slope, and control the spraying thickness of the substrate to be 5 cm; 30 minutes after the spraying is completed, cover the sprayed area with non-woven fabric. From the completion of spraying to the germination of moss and seedlings, water once every morning. The water droplets should be atomized during watering, and the non-woven fabric should be removed when the moss coverage reaches 30%.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that: no moss crushed body is added.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: The steps are the same as those in Example 2, except that: no microbial bacterial fertilizer is added.

[0048] Comparative Example 3: The steps are the same as those in Example 3, except that: no ecological binder is added.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to verify the progressiveness of the embodiments of the present application, the following performance tests were carried out on each embodiment and comparative example: Test on the influence of different substrates on the vegetation coverage of concrete slopes: After the slope is treated by spraying sowing, water is sprayed regularly for maintenance, and the growth trend of vegetation is observed regularly; The test results of the influence of different substrates on the vegetation coverage of concrete slopes are as Figure 5 shown. Since no bryophyte fragments were added in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, the coverage was significantly lower than that of Example 1 before 30 days of construction and after 180 days of construction (see Appendix Figure 5 ). This is because the bryophyte fragments can provide bryophyte seed sources in the early stage, enabling bryophytes to colonize and develop quickly. In the later stage, the excess bryophyte fragments are decomposed by fungi, providing nutrients for the growth of bryophytes. Since no microbial bacterial fertilizer was added in Comparative Example 2 and Example 2, the coverage was significantly lower than that of Example 2 after 60 days of construction (see Appendix Figure 5 ). This is because the microbial bacterial fertilizer can help promote the formation of aggregates, enhance the soil permeability and water retention capacity, and the microorganisms in the bacterial fertilizer convert organic matter into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., providing nutrients for the growth of later vegetation. Since no ecological binder was added in Comparative Example 3 and Example 3, the coverage at each stage was significantly lower than that of Example 1 (see Appendix Figure 5 ). This is because the ecological binder helps to consolidate the seed sources with the soil body, enhancing the bonding ability of the bryophyte spraying substrate, thus providing a favorable environment for the development of crust colonization and improving the erosion resistance of the substrate. In Comparative Example 3, no ecological binder was added, and soil and water loss was easily caused by rain erosion, damaging the substrate.

[0050] Test on the bonding force of different substrates: 60 days after spraying sowing in each embodiment and comparative example, the bonding force of different substrates was tested by the indoor simulation experiment method; The test results of the bonding force of different substrates are as Figure 6 shown. Among them, the bonding force of Comparative Example 3 was significantly smaller than that of each group (see Appendix Figure 6 ), verifying the bonding ability and importance of the ecological binder in the substrate.

[0051] From the above test results, it can be seen that the added bryophyte fragments and organic materials in the present invention can promote the rapid development of bryophytes, and the ecological binder prevents further soil and water loss in the bald area caused by rain erosion. The present invention solves the bald problem, ensures the biodiversity of the restoration area, and prevents soil erosion and water and soil loss.

Claims

1. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, Slope pretreatment: Remove the gravel and remaining grass debris from the bald spots on the slope; pre-moisten the bald spots on the slope to ensure that the spraying substrate can adhere to the slope soil; S2, substrate configuration: The moss crushed body, moss spores, plant seeds, organic materials, sandy loam, ecological adhesive, microbial fertilizer, and water retaining agent are mixed, and then water is added and stirred for more than 15 minutes to obtain a moss substrate; S3, substrate spraying: Use a sprayer to evenly spray the moss substrate on the bald spots on the slope with a thickness of 2-12cm; S4, subsequent maintenance: Within 30-60 minutes after spraying, cover the spraying area with non-woven fabric; from the completion of spraying to the germination of moss and seedlings, water once every two days in the morning in winter and once every morning in summer. The watering should be atomized, and then the watering frequency should be gradually reduced as the plants grow. At the same time, watering should be adjusted according to local precipitation conditions; remove the non-woven fabric when the moss coverage reaches at least 30% or the plant sprouts at least 5cm.

2. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moss substrate in S2 comprises, by weight: 200-300 parts of moss crushed bodies, 5-10 parts of moss spores, 20-50 parts of plant seeds, 200-250 parts of organic materials, 300-400 parts of sandy loam, 1-2 parts of ecological adhesive, 20-50 parts of microbial fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of water retaining agent and 220-480 parts of water.

3. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: Preparation method of moss fragments in S2: The moss with spores collected from the wild or cultivated artificially is dried in the shade, and then put into a plant crusher to crush the moss to ensure that the crushing degree of the moss is between 1-2 cm, so as to obtain a moss crushed body; The broken mosses include many species such as large gray moss, creeping lantern moss, green leaf silk moss, fine leaf feather moss, gourd moss, half moon moss and snake moss.

4. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant seeds in S2 are grass, shrub and vine seeds commonly used in slope ecological restoration.

5. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic material in S2 includes one or more of corn straw, rice husk charcoal, and sawdust.

6. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microbial fertilizer components in S2 are mixed in the following proportions by mass: 10-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis fertilizer, 10-20 parts of Bacillus megaterium fertilizer, and 8-15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fertilizer.

7. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ecological adhesive components in S2 are mixed in the following proportions by mass: 12-25 parts of artemisia gum, 10-18 parts of cellulose-based hydrogel, and 4-8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide.

8. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water retaining agent components in S2 are mixed in the following proportions by mass: 30-35 parts of polyacrylamide water retaining agent, 12-15 parts of starch grafted acrylate water retaining agent, and 5-7 parts of cellulose water retaining agent.

9. A high-stability moss spraying construction method for quickly covering bald spots on slopes with green according to claim 2, characterized in that: The substrate spraying thickness in S3 is 4-6 cm.

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