Catheter indwelling device for rat abdominal cavity blood vessel minimally invasive surgery and catheter indwelling method thereof
By designing a minimally invasive catheterization device including vascular sheath, microcatheter and Luer three-way valve, the problem of difficulty and involuntary intubation operation in rat liver cancer intervention was solved, and the minimally invasive and efficient catheterization of rat abdominal vascular intervention was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510150873.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
AI Technical Summary
There are few animal models for liver cancer intervention, especially rats, which are difficult and time-consuming, and have high risk of bleeding and complications in animals. Intubation cannot be repeated multiple times, so it cannot be approximated with clinical practice.
A minimally invasive catheterization device for rat abdominal vascular vascular is provided, including a blood vessel sheath, a container tube, a microcatheter, a first Luer three-way valve and a second Luer three-way valve. The microcatheter is driven into the rat hepatic artery through a puncture needle and a microguidance ribbon, and the blood vessel sheath and a container tube provide fixation and drug replenishment functions to achieve plug-and-play extraction and long-term indwelling.
The minimally invasiveness of rat abdominal vascular interventional catheterization is realized, the operation process is simplified, the operation time is shortened, the risk of bleeding and complications is reduced, and multiple operations are allowed, and the costly digital silhouette angiography instruments and protective sites are not required, and there is no risk of radiation contamination.
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Figure CN120037549A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field, and in particular to a catheterization device for minimally invasive access to the abdominal cavity blood vessels of rats. Background Art
[0002] Primary liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system, and hepatocellular carcinoma (hereinafter referred to as "liver cancer") is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer. For advanced liver cancer, local interventional therapies represented by hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) have received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad due to their high tumor response rate and surgical conversion resection rate. However, regardless of simple local treatment or local combined with systemic treatment, the overall treatment response rate of liver cancer is low, the recurrence rate is high, and treatment resistance is prone to occur. In order to clarify the technical characteristics, key mechanisms of local treatment regimens for liver cancer arterial interventional procedures, search for potential biomarkers, and develop new treatment targets, it is urgent to improve the animal experiment platform for liver cancer intervention.
[0003] For liver cancer interventional procedures, the developed animal models are scarce, and the existing methods are open surgical intubation and intubation guided by digital subtraction angiography. The existing rat models of hepatic artery intubation have the following dilemmas in the study of local interventional treatment of liver cancer: rats are small in size, and the hepatic artery intubation for rats basically adopts an open abdominal operation assisted by microsurgery, which is extremely difficult, time-consuming, and has extremely high risks of animal bleeding, postoperative complications and death. It requires excellent surgical skills of the operator and teamwork. Moreover, since it involves the incision and ligation of visceral blood vessels, all are irreversible operations, seriously affecting the blood supply of other normal tissues and organs, and also resulting in the inability to perform intubation repeatedly. It is far from the actual clinical liver cancer interventional treatment operation; a small number of research reports intubate the rat hepatic artery guided by digital subtraction angiography, which highly depends on instrument equipment and protective sites, and relies on the rich operation experience of interventional radiologists. At present, no dedicated digital subtraction angiography instrument for small animals and supporting vascular interventional materials have been developed. There are many limitations in using a human medical digital subtraction angiography system for animal experiments. In addition, the animal blood vessels are thin, the operation is difficult, and the long-term digital subtraction angiography operation greatly increases the risk of radiation pollution to the operator and the environment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a catheterization device for minimally invasive access to the abdominal cavity blood vessels of rats and a catheterization method thereof, which can repeatedly establish vascular sheaths and can realize the rat abdominal cavity vascular interventional catheterization technique close to clinical practice operations.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a catheterization device for minimally invasive access to the abdominal cavity blood vessels of rats, comprising:
[0006] A vascular sheath, the vascular sheath is connected to a container tube, and a microcatheter is inserted through the vascular sheath and the container tube, and the microcatheter extends out from both sides of the vascular sheath and the container tube;
[0007] A first Luer three-way valve, one end of the first Luer three-way valve is connected to the container tube, and the microcatheter is also inserted through the first Luer three-way valve and exits from the Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the first Luer three-way valve;
[0008] A second Luer three-way valve, one end of the second Luer three-way valve is connected to the end of the microcatheter extending out of the first Luer three-way valve, a microguide wire is inserted into the Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the second Luer three-way valve, and the microguide wire enters the microcatheter after passing through the second Luer three-way valve and exits from the other end of the microcatheter.
[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention is that: after puncturing with a puncture needle, the microcatheter is driven by the microguide wire into the hepatic artery of the rat. The first Luer three-way valve and the second Luer three-way valve are used for cleaning the microcatheter before puncture and drug supply after puncture. The vascular sheath and the container tube are used to fix the microcatheter outside the rat body. After the catheterization device of the present application directly punctures the median artery or tail vein of the rat with a medical arteriovenous indwelling needle, through the combination of the vascular sheath and the container tube, it can be inserted and removed immediately, or can be indwelled in the rat tail for a quite long time to facilitate long-term drug infusion. This device has a simple structure, extremely short assembly time, simple operation, little damage to the blood supply of the rat tail, and can establish the vascular sheath repeatedly for many times, and can realize the rat peritoneal blood vessel interventional catheterization technique close to clinical practice operation.
[0010] In the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention, a syringe is further connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve.
[0011] In the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention, a three-way tube is further connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve, and an extension tube is further connected to the end of the three-way tube facing away from the second Luer three-way valve.
[0012] In the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention, a twist controller is connected to the microguide wire exiting from the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve.
[0013] The present invention also provides a method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat peritoneal blood vessels, using the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels described in the above embodiment, including the following steps:
[0014] Build the catheterization device for minimally invasive rat peritoneal blood vessels;
[0015] Insert the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail. After a large amount of blood is seen in the indwelling needle, insert the vascular sheath into the wound punctured by the indwelling needle and withdraw the indwelling needle core.
[0016] Insert the front-end micro-guide wire and micro-catheter of the minimally invasive catheterization device for the rat abdominal cavity blood vessels into the indwelling needle vascular sheath, and enter the rat's vascular system along the vascular sheath.
[0017] Locate the main abdominal cavity blood vessels of the rat and the positions of the micro-catheter and micro-guide wire through the guidance of digital subtraction angiography technology or Doppler ultrasound technology.
[0018] Under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, insert the micro-guide wire into the opening of the celiac trunk, and then further penetrate into the branches of the celiac trunk blood vessels. The micro-catheter also enters the celiac trunk blood vessels and branches along the path of the micro-guide wire. Further insert the micro-guide wire and the micro-catheter into the hepatic artery under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound.
[0019] After reaching the predetermined position, fix the micro-catheter and remove the micro-guide wire.
[0020] Inject drugs into the hepatic artery of the rat through the micro-catheter.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal cavity blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention are as follows: The present application provides a non-invasive ultrasound vascular interventional catheterization method for rats for the first time. The technical solution is easy to operate, greatly reduces the operation time, and the operation process is standardized. The intubation process can be traced by ultrasound recording. It has the characteristics of less bleeding, fewer complications, reversible operation, multiple repetitions, multi-site intubation, and long-term indwelling catheter. Compared with the traditional vascular intubation model guided by digital subtraction angiography, the technical solution of the present application is easy to operate, can achieve selective intubation of rat abdominal cavity blood vessels that cannot be achieved under conventional digital subtraction angiography, and does not require expensive digital subtraction angiography equipment and protective sites, and there is no risk of radiation pollution.
[0022] When building the minimally invasive catheterization device for the rat abdominal cavity blood vessels in the embodiment of the present invention, turn on the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve to open the inner hole at the tail end of the first Luer three-way valve. The syringe connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve is filled with heparinized saline to rinse the tail end of the micro-catheter, and then turn off the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve. The syringe is filled with heparinized saline to fill the container tube for rinsing the outer wall of the micro-catheter.
[0023] According to the minimally invasive catheterization method for rat abdominal vessels of an embodiment of the present invention, before inserting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail, in order to facilitate the operation process, a tail vein that does not pass through the catheterization path can be selected, and the tail vein of the rat can be punctured with a venous indwelling needle. After blood returns, the needle core is withdrawn, and the indwelling needle hose is inserted into the blood vessel and fixed for standby use.
[0024] The minimally invasive catheterization method for the rat abdominal blood vessels of the embodiment of the present invention, in implanting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail, further comprises the following steps:
[0025] The tip of the indwelling needle was pointed upward and inserted into the rat's median tail artery at a small angle;
[0026] When a large amount of bright red arterial blood instantly flows back into the needle handle from the indwelling needle tube, withdraw the needle core. When a large amount of arterial blood quickly flows back into the indwelling needle seat, push it into the vascular sheath of the indwelling needle.
[0027] The sheath group consisting of the micro guide wire and the micro catheter is quickly introduced along the vascular sheath.
[0028] The minimally invasive catheterization method for the rat abdominal blood vessels of the embodiment of the present invention, the front micro-guidewire and the micro-catheter are inserted into the vascular sheath of the indwelling needle, including: the micro-guidewire and the micro-catheter are gently inserted along the median tail artery, and the inserted micro-guidewire and the exposed end sheath of the micro-catheter beat with the pulsation of the tail artery to indicate that the arterial catheter is in place. If all experimental steps have been completed or the puncture and cannulation position needs to be changed, the puncture point needs to be pressed to remove the arterial vascular sheath. If arterial blood still flows out of the puncture site, dry cotton balls should be used to apply pressure for several minutes to stop bleeding.
[0029] The minimally invasive catheterization method for rat abdominal vessels of an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps when the microguidewire is sent into the opening of the celiac trunk under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound: the end direction of the microguidewire is controlled by rotating the twist controller, and under real-time ultrasound observation, the microguidewire with an elbow is first screwed into the opening of the celiac trunk, and then further penetrated into the celiac trunk blood vessels, and then the microcatheter synchronously enters the celiac trunk and deep part along the path of the microguidewire.
[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a puncture needle puncturing the caudal artery of a rat celiac artery minimally invasive catheterization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram when inserting a micro-guide wire and a micro-catheter into a vascular sheath in the minimally invasive catheterization method for the abdominal aorta of rats in an embodiment of the present invention (disassembling the catheterization device and manually inserting the micro-guide wire and micro-catheter for illustration);
[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram after inserting a micro-guide wire and a micro-catheter into a vascular sheath in the minimally invasive catheterization method for the abdominal aorta of rats in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram after pulling out the vascular sheath in the minimally invasive catheterization method for the abdominal aorta of rats in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0036] In the figure, 1, vascular sheath; 2, container tube; 3, micro-catheter; 4, first Luer three-way valve; 5, micro-guide wire; 6, three-way tube; 7, extension tube; 8, syringe; 9, twist controller; 10, second Luer three-way valve. Detailed implementation mode
[0037] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
[0039] In the description of the present invention, the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is more than two, greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the present number. If there is a description of first and second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.
[0040] It should be specifically noted that the spatial relationships indicated by orientation or position terms such as "head end" and "tail end" are based on the spatial relationships shown in the drawings or the conventional orientation or position relationships during the use of the products of the present invention. Specifically, from the perspective of the operator, the side close to the rat is the "head end", and the side far from the rat is the "tail end". This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "connection" and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In the following embodiments, the experimental methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.
[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as "setting", "installation", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
[0042] As Figure 1 shown, a catheterization device for minimally invasive rat abdominal cavity blood vessels in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a vascular sheath 1, the vascular sheath 1 is connected to a container tube 2, the container tube 2 is coiled into a suitable shape and size and fixed with a buckle; a microcatheter 3 is inserted through the vascular sheath 1 and the container tube 2, and the microcatheter 3 extends out from both sides of the vascular sheath 1 and the container tube 2; the head end of the container tube 2 is connected to the vascular sheath 1 through a connecting guide wire inserter, the tail end is connected to a first Luer three-way valve 4, one end of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is connected to the container tube 2, the microcatheter 3 also passes through the first Luer three-way valve 4 and exits from the Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the first Luer three-way valve 4, and the other Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is used for cleaning the microcatheter 3; during installation, the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is unscrewed to open the inner hole at the tail end, and the head end of the microcatheter 3 is sent into the inlet of the container tube 2.
[0043] A catheterization device for minimally invasive rat abdominal cavity blood vessels in a preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a second Luer three-way valve 10, one end of the second Luer three-way valve 10 is connected to the end of the microcatheter 3 extending out of the first Luer three-way valve 4, a microguide wire 5 is inserted into the Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the second Luer three-way valve 10, the head end of the microguide wire 5 is bent, the microguide wire 5 passes through the second Luer three-way valve 10 and then enters the microcatheter 3 and exits from the other end of the microcatheter 3; the other Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10 is used for drug delivery to specific blood vessels of the rat after catheterization.
[0044] After the puncture is performed using the puncture needle in this application, the microcatheter 3 is driven by the microguide wire 5 to enter the rat vascular system through the vascular sheath 1. The first Luer three-way valve 4 and the second Luer three-way valve 10 are used for cleaning the microcatheter 3 before puncture and drug supply after puncture. The vascular sheath 1 and the container tube 2 are used to provide fixation of the microcatheter 3 outside the rat body. After the catheterization device of this application directly punctures the median artery or tail vein of the rat using a medical arteriovenous indwelling needle, through the combination of the vascular sheath 1 and the catheterization device, it can be inserted and removed immediately, or can be indwelled in the rat tail for a quite long time to facilitate long-term drug infusion. This device has a simple structure, extremely short assembly time, easy operation, little damage to the blood supply of the rat tail, and can establish the vascular sheath repeatedly for multiple times, and can realize the rat peritoneal vascular interventional catheterization technique close to clinical practice operations.
[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, a syringe 8 is connected inside the Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve 4. The syringe 8 is filled with heparinized saline. After opening the knob at the end of the first Luer three-way valve 4, the end of the microcatheter 3 is rinsed. After closing the knob at the end of the first Luer three-way valve 4, the inner hole at the end is closed, and the syringe 8 is filled with heparinized saline to fill the container tube 2 for rinsing the outer tube wall of the microcatheter 3.
[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, a three-way tube 6 is further connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10. One end of the three-way tube 6 facing away from the second Luer three-way valve 10 is further connected to an extension tube 7. The extension tube 7 is pre-filled with the pipeline before assembly for subsequent drug administration to the specific blood vessels of the rat through the microcatheter 3.
[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, a twist controller 9 is connected to the microguide wire 5 passing through the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10 for realizing fine twisting control of the microguide wire 5. By slightly rotating the twist controller 9 to control the direction of the end of the microguide wire 5, the microguide wire 5 with a bent head can be screwed into the specific blood vessel under the real-time observation of digital subtraction angiography technology or Doppler ultrasound technology.
[0048] A method for minimally invasive catheterization of the rat hepatic artery in a preferred embodiment of the present invention uses the catheterization device for minimally invasive peritoneal blood vessels of the rat in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:
[0049] S1: Build a catheterization device for minimally invasive peritoneal blood vessels of the rat with a 0.010 - 0.012 inch microguide wire, a 1.5 - 1.7 Fr microcatheter, and a 20G indwelling needle vascular sheath as an example;
[0050] S2: Insert the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat tail. After a large amount of blood is seen in the indwelling needle ( Figure 2 ), send the vascular sheath 1 into the wound punctured by the indwelling needle and withdraw the indwelling needle;
[0051] S3: Insert the front-end micro-guide wire 5 and micro-catheter 3 of the minimally invasive catheterization device for rat peritoneal blood vessels into the indwelling needle blood vessel sheath, and enter the arterial system of the rat along the blood vessel sheath of the indwelling needle;
[0052] S4: Locate the celiac trunk entrance of the rat and the position of the micro-guide wire 5 under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound;
[0053] S5: Under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, send the micro-guide wire 5 into the celiac trunk opening by twisting the twist controller 9, and then further penetrate into the celiac trunk blood vessel. The micro-catheter 3 also enters the celiac trunk blood vessel along the path of the micro-guide wire 5;
[0054] S6: Under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, precisely send the micro-guide wire 5 and micro-catheter 3 into the hepatic artery by finely twisting the twist controller 9. After reaching the predetermined position, close the inner hole at the end of the first Luer three-way valve 4 to fix the micro-catheter 3, and pull out the micro-guide wire 5. It can be seen that the blood refluxes from the end of the micro-catheter 3 to the cavity of the second Luer three-way valve 10, and then close the inner hole at the end of the second Luer three-way valve 10;
[0055] S7: Inject drugs into the hepatic artery of the rat through the micro-catheter 3 using the extension tube 7 via the three-way tube 6.
[0056] This application first provides a non-invasive ultrasound-guided vascular catheterization method for rats. The technical solution is easy to operate, greatly reduces the operation time, and the operation process is standardized. The intubation process can be traced by ultrasonic recording. It has the characteristics of less bleeding, fewer complications, reversible operation, multiple repetitions, multi-site intubation, and long-term indwelling catheter. Compared with the traditional model of hepatic artery catheterization guided by digital subtraction angiography, the technical solution of this application is easy to operate, can achieve selective catheterization of rat peritoneal blood vessels that cannot be achieved under conventional digital subtraction angiography, and does not require expensive equipment and protective sites, and there is no risk of radiation pollution.
[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, preoperative preparation is required. The preoperative preparation includes selecting rats weighing about 300 g, regardless of gender. Build the minimally invasive catheterization device for rat peritoneal blood vessels in the embodiments of this application. Then weigh the rats and anesthetize them by intraperitoneal injection of 10 ml / kg of 2.5% tribromoethanol (Avertin) (long-term model, such as the hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy model involved in the embodiment) or 2% isoflurane gas anesthesia (short-term operation model). After anesthesia, prepare the skin and disinfect the rats: fully shave the skin on the upper abdomen of the rats, lay a surgical drape, fix the rats in the supine position on a small animal thermostatic adjustable-angle operating table, and fully disinfect the entire rat tail with 75% alcohol cotton balls.
[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, when constructing a minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels, the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is opened, the tail end inner hole of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is opened, and the syringe 8 connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is filled with heparinized saline to rinse the tail end of the microcatheter 3, and then the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve 4 is closed, and the syringe 8 is filled with heparinized saline to rinse the outer wall of the microcatheter 3. The microcatheter 3 is fully rinsed by the syringe 8 connected to the first Luer three-way valve 4, ensuring the cleanliness and anticoagulation of the outer wall of the microcatheter 3. Similarly, after the outer wall of the microcatheter 3 is rinsed, before assembling the microguide wire 5, it is also recommended to open the tail end knob of the second Luer three-way valve 10, open the tail end inner hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10, connect the syringe filled with heparinized saline to the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10 to rinse the tail end of the second Luer three-way valve 10, and then close the tail end knob of the second Luer three-way valve 10, and then fill the microcatheter 3 with heparinized saline to rinse the inner wall of the microcatheter 3. The syringe connected to the second Luer three-way valve 10 is used to fully rinse the inner wall of the microcatheter 3 to ensure the cleanliness and anticoagulation of the inner wall of the microcatheter 3, and then open the tail end knob of the second Luer three-way valve 10, open the tail end inner hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10, and insert the microguide wire 5 rinsed with heparinized saline.
[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, before inserting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail, in order to facilitate the operation process to infuse fluid to the rat, a tail vein that does not pass through the intubation route can be selected, and the rat's tail vein can be punctured with a venous indwelling needle. After blood returns, the needle core is withdrawn, and the indwelling needle hose is inserted into the blood vessel and fixed for use.
[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of inserting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail further includes the following steps:
[0061] S21: The tip of the indwelling needle is pointed upward and inserted into the rat's median tail artery at a small angle;
[0062] S22: When a large amount of bright red arterial blood instantly flows back to the needle handle in the indwelling needle tube, withdraw the needle core. When a large amount of arterial blood quickly flows back to the indwelling needle seat, insert the indwelling needle into the vascular sheath ( Figure 2 ).
[0063] S23: Rapidly insert the sheath assembly consisting of the micro-guidewire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 along the vascular sheath 1 ( Figure 3 , Figure 4 ).
[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, the front-end micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 are inserted into the indwelling needle vascular sheath 1, including: the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 are gently inserted along the median caudal artery, and the exposed end sheath group of the inserted micro-guide wire 5 and micro-catheter 3 pulsates with the pulsation of the caudal artery, indicating that the arterial catheterization is in place. As Figure 5 shown, if all experimental steps have been completed or the puncture and cannulation position needs to be changed, the arterial vascular sheath 1 needs to be removed by pressing the puncture point. If there is still arterial blood flowing out of the puncture site, dry cotton balls should be used to apply pressure for several minutes to stop bleeding.
[0065] As Figures 2 - 5 shown, specifically, in S21, before inserting the indwelling needle, determine the puncture point of the median caudal artery. It is preferred to insert the needle at about the middle to upper 1 / 3 of the ventral side of the mouse tail. The vascular sheath 1 of the indwelling needle for caudal artery puncture and catheterization should be accurately inserted into the caudal artery, and arterial blood should gush out pulsatively from the vascular sheath 1. Bleeding can be reduced by compressing the root of the tail; if the bleeding from the indwelling needle vascular sheath 1 is not smooth, it indicates improper arterial puncture. Try to adjust the angle to reinsert the tube or pull out the cannula and re-puncture at the proximal end; during the process of inserting the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 sheath group, the hand feeling should be smooth without obvious resistance. If there is a feeling of blockage, it indicates that the guide wire has pierced the blood vessel and runs along the subcutaneous space. At this time, the channel of the indwelling needle vascular sheath 1 should be adjusted again until arterial blood drips out quickly, and then the sheath group should be inserted again; the percutaneous direct puncture and catheterization of the median caudal artery is a simple procedure. If the puncture is unsuccessful, multiple puncture attempts can be made, but it is not advisable to repeatedly puncture at the same site, which may cause severe damage or spasm of the blood vessel and occlusion. If the direct puncture and catheterization is difficult, beginners can also perform local microdissection of the median caudal artery and catheterize under direct vision.
[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, when inserting the micro-guide wire 5 into the celiac trunk opening under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, the following steps are included: rotating and controlling the end direction of the micro-guide wire 5 through the twist controller 9. Under the real-time observation of Doppler ultrasound, first screw the micro-guide wire 5 with a bent head into the celiac trunk opening, then further penetrate into the celiac trunk blood vessel, and then the micro-catheter 3 synchronously enters the celiac trunk and the deep part along the path of the micro-guide wire 5.
[0067] Specifically, the embodiments of the present application use small animal ultrasound with a frequency above 10 MHz in combination with Doppler ultrasound, which can clearly observe the tissue structure distribution and blood flow characteristics in the rat liver and the first porta hepatis area, including the liver capsule, liver parenchyma of each liver lobe, intrahepatic veins and their branches, hepatic portal veins and their branches, and the main hepatic artery trunk accompanying the main hepatic portal vein trunk. Since the branches of the hepatic artery are thin, they are usually difficult to distinguish under conventional ultrasound. Locate the Glisson fiber sheath formed by the confluence of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct in the porta hepatis area. Then fully explore the main visceral blood vessel branches and blood flow characteristics of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, including the celiac trunk and its main branches, superior mesenteric artery and bilateral renal arteries and veins, etc.
[0068] When it is necessary to locate the opening of the celiac trunk, adjust the operating table to the head-down position of the rat. Under the ultrasound Doppler mode, observe the openings of the main branches of the abdominal aorta of the rat through the sagittal section of the abdominal aorta in the upper abdomen of the rat. The first opening is the celiac trunk. When it is necessary to locate the sheath group composed of the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3, the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 with different acoustic reflection intensities can be clearly seen floating in the abdominal aorta in real time under ultrasound, and then the sheath group of the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 is sent to a level slightly lower than the opening of the celiac trunk.
[0069] After the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 enter the celiac trunk, the position of the celiac trunk where the sheath group composed of the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 stays can be further observed through the transverse section at the level of the celiac trunk by Doppler ultrasound. Further, observe the blood flow and direction of the proper hepatic artery, and rotate the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 into the deep part of the artery. Since the large branch vessels of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic artery, its splenic artery and left gastric artery branch vessels are thin and tortuous. Usually, after the micro-guide wire 5 and the micro-catheter 3 enter the celiac trunk, they follow the celiac trunk into the common hepatic artery. The head end of the micro-catheter 3 can be determined to stay in the common hepatic artery or the proper hepatic artery by the transverse section at the ultrasound level. At this time, the weakened hepatic artery blood flow surrounding the micro-catheter 3 can still be detected.
[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, after determining that the head end of the micro-catheter 3 reaches the predetermined position, it is necessary to close the inner hole at the tail end of the first Luer three-way valve 4 to fix the position of the micro-catheter 3, and pull out the micro-guide wire 5 through the twist controller 9. At this time, it can be observed that the arterial blood in the shape of drops quickly refluxes from the tail end of the micro-catheter 3 into the cavity of the second Luer three-way valve 10. At this time, close the inner hole at the tail end of the second Luer three-way valve 10, and then inject about 0.1 ml of heparinized saline into the pipeline by using the three-way tube 6 and the extension tube 7 connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve 10 to ensure the smoothness of the pipeline.
[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S7: when injecting drugs into the hepatic artery of the rat through the micro-catheter 3, inject drugs into the hepatic artery pipeline of the rat according to the research needs. Taking the hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy model of the rat as an example, set appropriate pump infusion parameters through a micro-injection pump, and inject chemotherapeutic drugs, such as oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil, into the catheter of the extension tube 7, with or without embolizing agents, such as lipiodol and gelatin sponge. Pay attention to monitoring the general condition of the rat during the infusion process of the drugs and embolizing agents.
[0072] After the infusion is completed, the micro-catheter 3 and the vascular sheath 1 of the caudal artery catheter can be immediately removed. After the puncture site at the tail is bandaged with adhesive tape under pressure, the rat is returned to the cage for resuscitation, and the wound at the tail can heal quickly. After the micro-catheter 3 is removed, the vascular sheath 1 of the caudal artery catheter can also be temporarily retained, sealed with a heparin cap, the vascular sheath 1 is properly bandaged, and the vascular sheath 1 is regularly flushed with heparinized saline to ensure the smoothness of the vascular sheath 1. This vascular sheath 1 can be used for repeated blood collection and repeated intubation operations of the rat.
[0073] The minimally invasive intubation model of the rat hepatic artery provided by the embodiments of the present application is an important supplement to the existing interventional animal models. It can be used for the construction of models such as hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy or hepatic artery chemoembolization for rat liver cancer, and can also be used to catheterize and intervene in other arteries or veins in the abdominal cavity of rats using the device of this embodiment. Due to the modeling method that highly simulates the clinical operation process, this model has the characteristics of simple operation, short time consumption, no radioactive pollution, and can be intubated repeatedly. In the future, a multi-organ intubation model animal experiment platform for rats can be constructed based on this model.
[0074] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a minimally invasive intubation device and its intubation method for the abdominal cavity blood vessels of rats. Through the combination of a vascular sheath and an intubation device, it can be inserted and removed immediately, and can also be left in the rat's tail for a relatively long time to facilitate long-term drug perfusion. This device has a simple structure, extremely short assembly time consumption, simple operation, little damage to the blood supply of the rat's tail, and can establish vascular sheaths repeatedly for multiple times, and can achieve minimally invasive intubation of the abdominal cavity blood vessels of rats close to clinical practice operations.
[0075] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and substitutions can be made, and these improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels, characterized in that: include: A vascular sheath, wherein the vascular sheath is connected to the container tube, and microcatheters are inserted into the vascular sheath and the container tube, and the microcatheters extend from both sides of the vascular sheath and the container tube; a first Luer three-way valve, one end of which is connected to the container tube, and the microcatheter is also inserted into the first Luer three-way valve and passes through a Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the first Luer three-way valve; A second Luer three-way valve, one end of the second Luer three-way valve is connected to one end of the microcatheter extending out of the first Luer three-way valve, a microguide wire is inserted into the Y-shaped side hole at the other end of the second Luer three-way valve, the microguide wire penetrates the second Luer three-way valve and then enters the microcatheter and passes out from the other end of the microcatheter.
2. The minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve is also connected to a syringe.
3. The minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve is also connected to a three-way tube, and the end of the three-way tube facing away from the second Luer three-way valve is also connected to an extension tube.
4. The minimally invasive catheter placement device for rat abdominal vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro guide wire passing through the Y-shaped side hole of the second Luer three-way valve is connected with a torque controller.
5. A method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels, using the minimally invasive catheterization device for rat abdominal vessels according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Building a minimally invasive catheter placement device for the rat peritoneal blood vessels; An indwelling needle is implanted along the median artery of the rat's tail. After a large amount of blood is seen in the indwelling needle, a vascular sheath is sent into the wound punctured by the indwelling needle and the indwelling needle core is withdrawn; Inserting the front end micro-guidewire and micro-catheter of the minimally invasive catheter placement device for the rat abdominal cavity blood vessels into the vascular sheath of the indwelling needle, and entering the vascular system of the rat along the vascular sheath; The main abdominal blood vessels of the rat and the positions of the microcatheter and microguidewire are located under the guidance of digital silhouette angiography or Doppler ultrasound technology; Under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, the micro-guidewire is inserted into the opening of the celiac trunk, and then further penetrates into the celiac trunk blood vessel branches, and the micro-catheter also enters the celiac trunk blood vessels and branches along the path of the micro-guidewire; under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, the micro-guidewire and the micro-catheter are further inserted into the hepatic artery; After reaching the predetermined position, the microcatheter is fixed and the microguidewire is removed; Drugs were injected into the hepatic artery of rats through the microcatheter.
6. The method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels according to claim 5, characterized in that: When constructing the minimally invasive catheter placement device for the rat abdominal vessels, the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve is turned on to open the tail end inner hole of the first Luer three-way valve, and the syringe connected to the Y-shaped side hole of the first Luer three-way valve is filled with heparinized saline to rinse the tail end of the microcatheter. Then, the tail end knob of the first Luer three-way valve is closed, and the syringe is filled with heparinized saline to rinse the outer tube wall of the microcatheter.
7. The method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels according to claim 5, characterized in that: Before inserting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail, in order to facilitate the operation process to infuse fluid to the rat, you can choose a tail vein that does not go through the intubation route, use the intravenous indwelling needle to puncture the rat's tail vein, pull out the needle core after seeing blood return, and send the indwelling needle hose into the blood vessel and fix it for use.
8. The method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of implanting the indwelling needle along the median artery of the rat's tail further includes the following steps: The tip of the indwelling needle was pointed upward and inserted into the rat's median tail artery at a small angle; When a large amount of bright red arterial blood instantly flows back to the needle handle in the indwelling needle tube, withdraw the needle core. When a large amount of arterial blood quickly flows back to the indwelling needle seat, insert it into the vascular sheath of the indwelling needle. The sheath group consisting of the micro guide wire and the micro catheter is quickly introduced along the vascular sheath.
9. The method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front end micro-guidewire and micro-catheter are inserted into the vascular sheath of the indwelling needle, including: the micro-guidewire and the micro-catheter are gently inserted along the median coccygeal artery, and the exposed end sheath group of the inserted micro-guidewire and micro-catheter beats with the pulsation of the coccygeal artery to indicate that the arterial catheter is in place; if all experimental steps have been completed or the puncture and cannulation position needs to be changed, the puncture point needs to be pressed to remove the arterial vascular sheath, and if arterial blood still flows out of the puncture site, dry cotton balls should be used to apply pressure for several minutes to stop bleeding.
10. The method for minimally invasive catheterization of rat abdominal vessels according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the micro-guidewire is sent into the opening of the celiac trunk under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound, the following steps are included: the end direction of the micro-guidewire is controlled by rotating the twist controller, and under real-time observation of ultrasound, the micro-guidewire with an elbow is first screwed into the opening of the celiac trunk, and then further penetrated into the celiac trunk blood vessels, and then the microcatheter synchronously enters the celiac trunk and deep part along the path of the micro-guidewire.