High-temperature dust removal and denitration integrated equipment and process
By designing integrated equipment for high-temperature dust removal and denitrification, and using ceramic filter tubes and pulse soot blowers to achieve stable dust removal and efficient denitrification in high-temperature environments, the problems of equipment stability and energy loss in the existing technology are solved, and efficient thermal energy recovery and "three-in-one" integrated process are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510245265.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In the existing high-temperature dust removal and denitrification process, electrostatic dust collectors are difficult to control stable ultra-low dust emissions when air flow changes and temperature and humidity fluctuate. Traditional bag dust collectors are difficult to use in high-temperature environments, resulting in serious energy loss.
A high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment is designed, including a dust removal and denitrification tower, a desulfurization and denitrification premixer and a waste heat and smoke heating device. A ceramic filter tube and a pulse soot blower are used to pretreat the flue gas through a desulfurization and denitrification premixer, and then a ceramic filter tube is used for dust removal and denitrification. Combined with the waste heat and smoke heating device, the thermal energy of the high temperature flue gas is effectively utilized.
It realizes stable dust removal and efficient denitrification in high-temperature environments, avoids energy losses, improves heat recovery efficiency, and realizes a "three-in-one" integrated process.
Smart Images
Figure CN120037766A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature dust removal and denitration, and particularly relates to an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitration device and process. Background Art
[0002] The high-temperature dust removal and denitration process is a waste gas treatment technology that combines the functions of dust removal and denitration, aiming to simultaneously remove particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in industrial emissions. This process is commonly used in high-temperature waste gas emission sources such as coal-fired power plants, industrial boilers, iron and steel smelting, and waste incineration.
[0003] In the prior art, electrostatic precipitators or bag filters are usually used to remove solid particles in the flue gas, and then selective catalytic reduction or selective non-catalytic reduction technologies are adopted. Reducing agents (such as ammonia or urea) are used to react with nitrogen oxides to convert them into harmless nitrogen and water. However, in the actual application process, since the corona discharge of the electrostatic precipitator is an unstable process, especially in complex situations such as airflow changes and temperature and humidity fluctuations, the stability of the electric field will be affected, resulting in difficulty in controlling stable ultra-low dust emissions of the electrostatic precipitator. Traditional bag filters are difficult to use in too high temperature environments. Therefore, a cooling system is required to cool the high-temperature waste gas to reduce the temperature of the waste gas when it enters the bag filter. This not only requires consuming additional energy to cool the waste gas, but also the heat of the cooled waste gas may be discharged through the cooling water or directly released into the atmosphere through the air cooler, resulting in the thermal energy of the high-temperature waste gas not being fully utilized and causing a large amount of energy loss in the high-temperature dust removal and denitration process.
[0004] Therefore, it is very necessary to invent an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitration device and process. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitration device includes a dust removal and denitration tower, a desulfurization and denitration premixer, and a waste heat warm smoke device. The dust removal and denitration tower includes a dust removal filter chamber, in which a number of ceramic filter tubes are arranged. A pulse soot blower is installed at the top of the dust removal filter chamber, and an ash collection device is installed at the bottom of the dust removal filter chamber. The desulfurization and denitration premixer includes a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber arranged in parallel. The first reaction chamber is connected with a lime sprayer, and the second reaction chamber is connected with an ammonia water sprayer. An S-shaped smoke pipe is connected between the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber. An upper smoke pipe connecting to the dust removal filter chamber is installed at the upper end of the second reaction chamber, and a lower smoke pipe is installed at the lower end of the first reaction chamber. The waste heat warm smoke device includes a four-way connecting pipe. One side of the four-way connecting pipe is connected to the lower smoke pipe, and the opposite side is connected to an inlet smoke pipe. The other two sides of the four-way connecting pipe are respectively connected with a smoke guiding pipeline and a smoke returning pipeline. The smoke guiding pipeline is used to guide high-temperature flue gas to the outside of the upper smoke pipe and return to the four-way connecting pipe through the smoke returning pipeline.
[0006] Preferably, a perforated plate is installed at the upper part of the inner wall of the dust removal filter chamber. A number of the ceramic filter tubes are inserted and installed in the holes on the surface of the perforated plate. A catalyst is injected into the ceramic filter tubes. An exhaust pipe is installed on one side of the dust removal filter chamber above the perforated plate. One end of the exhaust pipe away from the dust removal filter chamber is connected to the boiler induced draft fan, and the boiler induced draft fan is connected to the chimney. A check valve is installed on one side of the inner wall of the dust removal filter chamber. One end of the check valve is butted against the upper smoke pipe, and a second check plate is rotatably installed at the other end of the check valve.
[0007] Preferably, the pulse soot blower includes a pulse pipe network which is arranged in the dust removal filter chamber above the perforated plate. A number of blow pipes are arranged at the bottom of the pulse pipe network. The lower end of each blow pipe is correspondingly inserted into the corresponding ceramic filter tube. An air bag is installed on the outer wall of the dust removal filter chamber, and a pulse valve is installed on the top surface of the air bag. One side of the pulse pipe network extends an air pipe which is connected to the pulse valve.
[0008] Preferably, the ash collection device includes an ash collection funnel which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the dust removal filter chamber. A ash bin is installed at the lower end of the ash collection funnel, and a hatch is installed on one side of the ash bin.
[0009] Preferably, the lime sprayer includes a lime spray ring which is installed at the upper part of the inner wall of the first reaction chamber. A lime storage tank is installed on one side of the first reaction chamber. A lime conduit is connected between the lime storage tank and the lime spray ring. A first check valve is installed at the end of the lower smoke pipe connected to the first reaction chamber, and a limiting plate extending to the turning point of the lower smoke pipe is installed on the bottom surface of the first check valve.
[0010] Preferably, the ammonia water sprayer includes an ammonia water spray ring which is installed at the upper part of the inner wall of the second reaction chamber. An ammonia water storage tank is installed on one side of the second reaction chamber. An ammonia water conduit is connected between the ammonia water storage tank and the ammonia water spray ring. One end of the S-shaped smoke pipe is connected to the upper end of the first reaction chamber, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second reaction chamber. A second check valve is installed at the end of the S-shaped smoke pipe connected to the second reaction chamber, and a limiting plate extending to the turning point of the S-shaped smoke pipe is installed on the bottom surface of the second check valve.
[0011] Preferably, the smoke guiding pipeline includes a first flue which is connected to one end of the four-way connecting pipe close to the dust removal filter chamber. The end of the first flue away from the four-way connecting pipe is connected to a three-way connecting pipe. The other two ends of the three-way connecting pipe are respectively connected to a second flue and a third flue. The second flue extends upward and is connected to the warm pipe chamber. The warm pipe chamber is sleeved outside one end of the upper smoke pipe connected to the dust removal filter chamber. The third flue extends into the dust removal filter chamber and is connected to a warm air pipe. The warm air pipe is spirally wound outside the check valve pipe.
[0012] Preferably, the smoke return pipeline includes a check cabin. The bottom surface of the check cabin is provided with a fifth flue. The lower end of the fifth flue is connected to a four-way connecting pipe. The fourth flue is inserted and installed on the side surface of the check cabin. A first check plate is rotatably installed at one end of the fourth flue inserted into the check cabin. The other end of the fourth flue is connected to a warm pipe cabin. One end of the warm air pipe away from the third flue is connected to the side surface of the fourth flue.
[0013] Preferably, a first smoke check plate is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting pipe connecting the lower smoke pipe, and a second smoke check plate is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting pipe connecting the first flue. One side of the rotating shaft of the first smoke check plate extends out of the four-way connecting pipe and is fixedly installed with a first bevel gear. One side of the rotating shaft of the second smoke check plate extends out of the four-way connecting pipe and is fixedly installed with a second bevel gear. The first bevel gear is meshed and connected with the second bevel gear. A motor is installed at one end of the first bevel gear away from the first smoke check plate.
[0014] The process of using the high-temperature dust removal and denitration integrated equipment according to any one of the above includes S1 - S5.
[0015] S1. First, introduce the high-temperature flue gas into the smoke inlet pipe. The flue gas enters the four-way connecting pipe along the smoke inlet pipe. Start the motor to drive the first bevel gear to drive the second bevel gear to rotate, so as to control the opening of the first smoke check plate and the closing of the second smoke check plate. The high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe passes through the first smoke check plate and opens the first check valve along the lower smoke pipe and is introduced into the first reaction chamber.
[0016] S2. Then start the lime spraying ring to introduce the lime powder in the lime storage tank into the first reaction chamber through the lime conduit and spray it evenly. Sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the lime powder to generate calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate. Calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate, together with a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas, continue to open the second check valve along the S-shaped flue pipe and are introduced into the second reaction chamber. Then start the ammonia spraying ring to introduce the ammonia in the ammonia storage tank into the second reaction chamber through the ammonia conduit and spray it evenly and mix it fully with the flue gas.
[0017] S3. Subsequently, ammonia, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas continue to be introduced into the check pipe along the upper flue pipe and open the second check plate to enter the dust removal filter chamber. In the dust removal filter chamber, calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas are filtered by the ceramic filter pipe and adhere to the surface of the ceramic filter pipe to form a cake layer. At the same time, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are adsorbed on the surface of the cake layer of the ceramic filter pipe. Under the action of the catalyst in the ceramic filter pipe, nitrogen oxides react with ammonia to generate nitrogen and water. Then, the clean air filtered by the ceramic filter pipe is introduced into the boiler induced draft fan along the smoke outlet pipe and discharged through the chimney.
[0018] S4. During the desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration process, the pulse valve needs to be periodically started to convert the compressed air in the air receiver into pulsed airflow, which is introduced into the pulse pipe network and blown into the ceramic filter tubes through the injection pipes. The powder ceramic filter layer on the surface of the ceramic filter tubes is peeled off the surface of the ceramic filter tubes under the impact of the pulsed airflow and collected through the ash hopper and falls into the ash bin.
[0019] S5. During the desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration process, the motor also needs to be periodically started to drive the first bevel gear to drive the second bevel gear to rotate, so as to control the first smoke stop plate to close and the second smoke stop plate to open. Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe is introduced into the first flue through the second smoke stop plate and then shunted into the second flue and the third flue through the three-way connecting pipe. The high-temperature flue gas in the second flue enters the warm pipe cabin to heat the flue gas in the upper flue pipe, and the high-temperature flue gas in the third flue enters the heating pipe to heat the flue gas at the bottom of the dust removal filter cabin, so as to avoid the formation of ammonium bisulfate when the temperature is below 280 degrees Celsius, and decompose the ammonium bisulfate attached to the surface of the filter element by heating. After the heat exchange, the flue gas flows back to the fourth flue from the warm pipe cabin or the heating pipe and enters the four-way connecting pipe through the check valve cabin and the fifth flue. By restarting the motor to control the first smoke stop plate to open and the second smoke stop plate to close, the filtration of the flue gas can be continued.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By using a new type of ceramic filter tube, the defects that the traditional bag filter cannot be used in high-temperature environments and the electrostatic precipitator cannot control stable ultra-low dust emissions are overcome, and there is no need to use a cooling system to pre-cool the high-temperature waste gas in advance, effectively avoiding a large amount of energy loss in the high-temperature dust removal and denitration process.
[0021] 2. First, the flue gas is pre-desulfurized by the desulfurization and denitration premixer, and then the ceramic filter tube is used to filter the dust and desulfurized ash in the flue gas. At the same time, by using the powder cake layer formed on the surface of the ceramic filter tube, the reaction surface area is increased, making it easier for the nitrogen oxide molecules in the flue gas to be adsorbed and removed on the surface of the powder cake layer of the ceramic filter tube, greatly improving the denitration efficiency of the flue gas and realizing the integrated process of "three-in-one" desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration.
[0022] 3. By regularly introducing the high-temperature flue gas outside the upper flue pipe through the waste heat warm flue gas device, the effect of heating the desulfurized flue gas is achieved, effectively utilizing the excess heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas, avoiding the formation of ammonium bisulfate when the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is below 280 degrees Celsius, and also being able to decompose the ammonium bisulfate attached to the surface of the ceramic filter tube, making full use of the heat energy of the high-temperature waste gas and greatly improving the heat energy recovery efficiency. Description of the Drawings
[0023] Figure 1 It is the front view of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitration device provided by the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2Top view of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 Side view of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4 Schematic internal structure diagram of the dust removal filter cabin of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0027] Figure 5 Schematic structure diagram of the pulse soot blower of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0028] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of the lime sprayer and ammonia water sprayer of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0029] Figure 7 Schematic internal structure diagram of the desulfurization and denitrification premixer of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0030] Figure 8 Schematic internal structure diagram of the dust removal and denitrification tower of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0031] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the heating pipe of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0032] Figure 10 Schematic internal structure diagram of the waste heat warm smoke device of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0033] Figure 11 Detail drawing of the four-way connecting pipe of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention;
[0034] Figure 12 Cross-sectional view of the four-way connecting pipe of an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitrification device provided by the present invention.
[0035] In the figure: dust removal filter cabin 11, ash collection funnel 12, ash bin 13, smoke outlet pipe 14, smoke inlet pipe 15, lower smoke pipe 16, first reaction cabin 17, S-shaped smoke pipe 18, second reaction cabin 19, upper smoke pipe 20, first check valve 21, second check valve 22, lime storage tank 23, ammonia water storage tank 24, lime conduit 25, ammonia water conduit 26, lime spray ring 27, ammonia water spray ring 28, perforated plate 31, ceramic filter pipe 32, air bag 33, pulse valve 34, pulse pipe network 35, injection pipe 36, four-way connecting pipe 40, three-way connecting pipe 41, first flue 42, second flue 43, third flue 44, heating pipe 45, heating pipe cabin 46, fourth flue 47, check cabin 48, fifth flue 49, first check plate 50, second check plate 51, first smoke stop plate 52, second smoke stop plate 53, first bevel gear 54, second bevel gear 55, motor 56, check pipe 57. Detailed implementation mode
[0036] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0037] Example 1, as Figure 1 - Figure 4 shown, a high-temperature dust removal and denitration integrated device in the first aspect embodiment of the present invention includes a dust removal and denitration tower, a desulfurization and denitration premixer, and a waste heat warm smoke device. The dust removal and denitration tower includes a dust removal filter cabin 11. A number of ceramic filter pipes 32 are arranged in the dust removal filter cabin 11. A pulse soot blower is installed at the top of the dust removal filter cabin 11, and an ash collection device is installed at the bottom of the dust removal filter cabin 11. The desulfurization and denitration premixer includes a first reaction cabin 17 and a second reaction cabin 19 arranged in parallel. The first reaction cabin 17 is connected with a lime sprayer, and the second reaction cabin 19 is connected with an ammonia water sprayer. An S-shaped smoke pipe 18 is connected between the first reaction cabin 17 and the second reaction cabin 19. An upper smoke pipe 20 connecting to the dust removal filter cabin 11 is installed at the upper end of the second reaction cabin 19, and a lower smoke pipe 16 is installed at the lower end of the first reaction cabin 17. The waste heat warm smoke device includes a four-way connecting pipe 40. One side of the four-way connecting pipe 40 is connected to the lower smoke pipe 16, and the opposite side is connected to the smoke inlet pipe 15. The other two sides of the four-way connecting pipe 40 are respectively connected with a smoke guiding pipeline and a smoke returning pipeline. The smoke guiding pipeline is used to introduce high-temperature flue gas to the outside of the upper smoke pipe 20 and return to the four-way connecting pipe 40 through the smoke returning pipeline.
[0038] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the ceramic filter tube 32 is made of a material with high strength, high porosity, and low density. It has good thermal shock resistance (not broken due to the influence of thermal expansion and contraction), high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and its body has self-rigid support without a frame, and its filtration performance is better than that of traditional filter bags. Using the ceramic filter tube 32 overcomes the defect that traditional bag dust collectors cannot be used in high-temperature environments, and the electrostatic dust collector cannot control stable ultra-low dust emissions. Moreover, there is no need to use a cooling system to pre-cool the high-temperature waste gas in advance, which can effectively avoid a large amount of energy loss in the high-temperature dust removal and denitrification process;
[0039] After the staff introduce the high-temperature flue gas into the inlet flue pipe 15, the high-temperature flue gas enters the first reaction chamber 17 along the lower flue pipe 16 through the four-way connecting pipe 40. By starting the lime sprayer, lime powder is sprayed into the flue gas in the first reaction chamber 17 for dry desulfurization. Sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with lime powder to form calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate. Subsequently, calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate, together with a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas, continue to enter the second reaction chamber 19 along the S-shaped flue pipe 18. Then, the ammonia sprayer is started to spray ammonia water into the flue gas in the second reaction chamber 19. Next, ammonia water, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate, and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas continue to be introduced into the dust removal filter chamber 11 along the upper flue pipe 20. The ceramic filter tube 32 is used to filter the dust and desulfurization ash in the flue gas. At the same time, using the powder cake layer formed on the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 increases the reaction surface area, making it easier for nitrogen oxide molecules in the flue gas to be adsorbed and removed on the surface of the powder cake layer of the ceramic filter tube 32. Nitrogen oxides react with ammonia water to form nitrogen and water, greatly improving the denitrification efficiency of the flue gas and realizing the integrated process of "three-in-one" desulfurization, dust removal, and denitrification;
[0040] The high-temperature flue gas is regularly introduced outside the upper flue pipe 20 through the smoke guiding pipeline and then flows back to the four-way connecting pipe 40 through the return smoke pipeline to achieve the effect of heating the desulfurized flue gas. The excess heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas is effectively utilized, which can avoid the formation of ammonium bisulfate when sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is below 280 degrees, and can also decompose the ammonium bisulfate attached to the surface of the ceramic filter tube, making full use of the heat energy of the high-temperature waste gas and greatly improving the heat energy recovery efficiency;
[0041] By starting the pulse soot blower, the dust on the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 can be impacted, causing it to peel off the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 and fall into the ash collection device to achieve self-cleaning of the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32.
[0042] Embodiment 2, as Figure 1 - Figure 5As shown in the figure, a high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated device includes Embodiment 1. In addition, a perforated plate 31 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the dust removal filter cabin 11. A number of ceramic filter tubes 32 are inserted and installed in the holes on the surface of the perforated plate 31. An enzyme catalyst is injected into the ceramic filter tubes 32. One side of the dust removal filter cabin 11 above the perforated plate 31 is provided with a smoke outlet pipe 14. The end of the smoke outlet pipe 14 away from the dust removal filter cabin 11 is connected to a boiler induced draft fan, and the boiler induced draft fan is connected to a chimney. One side of the inner wall of the dust removal filter cabin 11 is provided with a check valve 57. One end of the check valve 57 is butted against the upper smoke pipe 20, and the other end of the check valve 57 is rotatably installed with a second check plate 51. The pulse soot blower includes a pulse pipe network 35. The pulse pipe network 35 is arranged in the dust removal filter cabin 11 above the perforated plate 31. A number of blow pipes 36 are arranged at the bottom of the pulse pipe network 35. The lower end of each blow pipe 36 is correspondingly inserted into the corresponding ceramic filter tube 32. An air bag 33 is installed on the outer wall of the dust removal filter cabin 11. A pulse valve 34 is installed on the top surface of the air bag 33. One side of the pulse pipe network 35 extends an air pipe and is connected to the pulse valve 34. The ash collection device includes an ash collection funnel 12. The ash collection funnel 12 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the dust removal filter cabin 11. A ash bin 13 is installed at the lower end of the ash collection funnel 12. A cabin door is installed on one side of the ash bin 13.
[0043] In the above embodiment, it should be noted that the SCR catalyst active ingredient is attached to the inner wall of the ceramic filter tube 32, and at the same time, it has excellent denitrification ability, and can achieve the flue gas purification effect of "sulfur, dust and nitrogen integration". The flue gas after high-temperature desulfurization and dust removal, under the action of the catalyst in the ceramic filter tube 32, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas react with ammonia water to generate harmless nitrogen and water, and then the clean air filtered by the ceramic filter tube 32 is introduced into the boiler induced draft fan along the smoke outlet pipe 14 and discharged through the chimney;
[0044] The main chemical reaction formula of this denitrification process is:
[0045] 4NO + 4NH3 + O2 = 4N2 + 6H2O
[0046] 2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 = 3N2 + 6H2O
[0047] The basic principle of using Na2CO3 for flue gas desulfurization is that the newly generated Na2CO3 has a high reaction activity at the moment of formation and can spontaneously react with acidic pollutants in the flue gas as follows;
[0048] NaHCO3 is used as an adsorbent for flue gas desulfurization. It removes acidic pollutants in the flue gas through chemical adsorption. At the same time, it can also remove some inorganic and organic trace substances through physical adsorption. In this process, lime (baking soda) fine powder is directly sprayed into the high-temperature flue gas;
[0049] During the desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration process, the pulse valve 34 needs to be periodically activated to convert the compressed air in the air receiver 33 into pulsed airflows, which are introduced into the pulse pipe network 35 and blown into the ceramic filter tubes 32 through the injection pipes 36. The powder layer on the surface of the ceramic filter tubes 32 is peeled off from the surface of the ceramic filter tubes 32 under the impact of the pulsed airflows and collected by the ash hopper 12 and then falls into the ash bin 13; the pulse valve 34 is externally connected to a PLC control system, and the ash cleaning process is automatically carried out by the PLC control system. When the differential pressure of the device reaches the preset maximum limit value, the ash cleaning process starts, and when the differential pressure drops to the preset minimum limit value, the ash cleaning process immediately stops.
[0050] Example 3, as Figure 1 - Figure 4 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, a high-temperature dust removal and denitration integrated device includes Example 2. In addition, the lime sprayer includes a lime spray ring 27, which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the first reaction chamber 17. A lime storage tank 23 is installed on one side of the first reaction chamber 17, and a lime conduit 25 is connected between the lime storage tank 23 and the lime spray ring 27. A first check valve 21 is installed at the end of the lower flue pipe 16 connected to the first reaction chamber 17, and a limiting plate extending to the turning point of the lower flue pipe 16 is installed on the bottom surface of the first check valve 21. The ammonia sprayer includes an ammonia spray ring 28, which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the second reaction chamber 19. An ammonia storage tank 24 is installed on one side of the second reaction chamber 19, and an ammonia conduit 26 is connected between the ammonia storage tank 24 and the ammonia spray ring 28. One end of the S-shaped flue pipe 18 is connected to the upper end of the first reaction chamber 17, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second reaction chamber 19. A second check valve 22 is installed at the end of the S-shaped flue pipe 18 connected to the second reaction chamber 19, and a limiting plate extending to the turning point of the S-shaped flue pipe 18 is installed on the bottom surface of the second check valve 22.
[0051] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the first check valve 21 and the second check valve 22 have the function of preventing the backflow of flue gas.
[0052] The high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe 40 pushes open the first check valve 21 along the lower flue pipe 16 and is introduced into the first reaction chamber 17. Then, the lime spray ring 27 is activated to introduce the lime powder in the lime storage tank 23 into the first reaction chamber 17 through the lime conduit 25 and evenly spray it. Sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the lime powder to generate calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate. Calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate, together with a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas, continue to push open the second check valve 22 along the S-shaped flue pipe 18 and are introduced into the second reaction chamber 19. Subsequently, the ammonia spray ring 28 is activated to introduce the ammonia in the ammonia storage tank 24 into the second reaction chamber 19 through the ammonia conduit 26 and evenly spray it, and fully mix it with the flue gas to achieve the effect of desulfurization and evenly mixing ammonia into the flue gas, preparing for the next dust removal and denitration in the dust removal and denitration chamber 11.
[0053] The main chemical reaction equations of this desulfurization process are as follows:
[0054] Ca(OH)2 + SO2 = CaSO3 + H2O
[0055] Ca(OH)2 + SO3 = CaSO4 + H2O
[0056] CaSO3 + 1 / 2O2 = CaSO4
[0057] Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + 2H2O
[0058] Ca(OH)2 + 2HF = CaF2 + 2H2O
[0059] The by-products generated during the chemical reaction process of this process are in a dry powder state, and their chemical components mainly consist of dust ash, CaSO3, CaSO4, CaCl2, CaF2, and unreacted absorbent Ca(OH)2, etc.
[0060] Example 4, as Figure 8 - Figure 12 shown, a high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated device, including Example 2. In addition, the smoke guiding pipeline includes a first flue 42, one end of the first flue 42 close to the dust removal filter cabin 11 is connected to the four-way connecting pipe 40, the other end of the first flue 42 far from the four-way connecting pipe 40 is connected to a three-way connecting pipe 41, the other two ends of the three-way connecting pipe 41 are respectively connected to a second flue 43 and a third flue 44, the second flue 43 extends upward and is connected to a warm pipe cabin 46, the warm pipe cabin 46 is sleeved outside one end of the upper smoke pipe 20 connected to the dust removal filter cabin 11, the third flue 44 extends into the dust removal filter cabin 11 and is connected to a warm air pipe 45, the warm air pipe 45 is spirally wound outside the check valve pipe 57, the smoke return pipeline includes a check valve cabin 48, a fifth flue 49 is installed on the bottom surface of the check valve cabin 48, the lower end of the fifth flue 49 is connected to the four-way connecting pipe 40, a fourth flue 47 is inserted and installed on the side surface of the check valve cabin 48, a first check valve plate 50 is rotatably installed at one end of the fourth flue 47 inserted into the check valve cabin 48, the other end of the fourth flue 47 is connected to the warm pipe cabin 46, one end of the warm air pipe 45 far from the third flue 44 is connected to the side surface of the fourth flue 47, a first smoke stop plate 52 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting pipe 40 connected to the lower smoke pipe 16, a second smoke stop plate 53 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting pipe 40 connected to the first flue 42, one side of the rotating shaft of the first smoke stop plate 52 extends out of the four-way connecting pipe 40 and is fixedly installed with a first bevel gear 54, one side of the rotating shaft of the second smoke stop plate 53 extends out of the four-way connecting pipe 40 and is fixedly installed with a second bevel gear 55, the first bevel gear 54 is meshed and connected with the second bevel gear 55, and a motor 56 is installed at one end of the first bevel gear 54 far from the first smoke stop plate 52.
[0061] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the motor 56 is electrically connected to the temperature sensing system, and the temperature sensing system is connected to the air outlet of the check valve pipe 57 to monitor the flue gas temperature in real time. During the desulfurization, dust removal and denitrification process, when the temperature sensing system detects that the flue gas temperature is lower than 280 degrees, the motor 56 is started to drive the first bevel gear 54 to drive the second bevel gear 55 to rotate, so as to control the first smoke stop plate 52 to close and the second smoke stop plate 53 to open. Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe 40 passes through the second smoke stop plate 53 and is introduced into the first flue 42, and then is split and introduced into the second flue 43 and the third flue 44 through the three-way connecting pipe 41. The high-temperature flue gas in the second flue 43 enters the warm pipe cabin 46 to heat the flue gas in the upper flue pipe 20, and the high-temperature flue gas in the third flue 44 enters the heating pipe 45 to heat the flue gas at the bottom of the dust removal filter cabin 11, so as to avoid the formation of ammonium bisulfate below 280 degrees of sulfur dioxide, and the ammonium bisulfate adsorbed on the surface of the filter element is heated and decomposed. It can also make full use of the heat energy of the high-temperature waste gas, greatly improving the heat energy recovery efficiency;
[0062] The flue gas after heat exchange flows back from the warm pipe cabin 46 or the heating pipe 45 to the fourth flue 47, passes through the check valve cabin 48 and the fifth flue 49, and enters the four-way connecting pipe 40. When the temperature sensing system detects that the flue gas temperature is higher than 300 degrees, the motor 56 is controlled to start again to drive the first smoke stop plate 52 to open and the second smoke stop plate 53 to close, so that the flue gas can be filtered continuously.
[0063] The process of using an integrated high-temperature dust removal and denitration device of the present invention is as follows: First, the staff in the art introduce high-temperature flue gas into the inlet pipe 15. The flue gas enters the four-way connecting pipe 40 along the inlet pipe 15. Start the motor 56 to drive the first bevel gear 54 to drive the second bevel gear 55 to rotate, so as to control the opening of the first smoke stop plate 52 and the closing of the second smoke stop plate 53. The high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe 40 passes through the first smoke stop plate 52 and pushes open the first check valve 21 along the downpipe 16 and is introduced into the first reaction chamber 17; then start the lime spray ring 27 to introduce the lime powder in the lime storage tank 23 into the first reaction chamber 17 through the lime conduit 25 and spray it evenly. Sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the lime powder to form calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate. Calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate, together with a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas, continue to push open the second check valve 22 along the S-shaped flue pipe 18 and are introduced into the second reaction chamber 19. Subsequently, start the ammonia spray ring 28 to introduce the ammonia in the ammonia storage tank 24 into the second reaction chamber 19 through the ammonia conduit 26 and spray it evenly and mix fully with the flue gas; then ammonia, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate, and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas continue to be introduced into the check pipe 57 along the up-pipe 20 and push open the second check plate 51 and enter the dust removal filter chamber 11. In the dust removal filter chamber 11, calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas are filtered by the ceramic filter tube 32 and adhere to the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 to form a cake layer. At the same time, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are adsorbed on the surface of the cake layer of the ceramic filter tube. Under the action of the catalyst in the ceramic filter tube 32, nitrogen oxides react with ammonia to form nitrogen and water. Then, the clean air filtered by the ceramic filter tube 32 is introduced into the boiler induced draft fan along the outlet pipe 14 and discharged through the chimney; during the desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration process, it is necessary to regularly start the pulse valve 34 to convert the compressed air in the air bag 33 into a pulse airflow and introduce it into the pulse pipe network 35 and blow it into the ceramic filter tube 32 through the blow pipe 36. The powder ceramic filter tube 32 layer on the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 is peeled off the surface of the ceramic filter tube 32 under the impact of the pulse airflow and collected through the ash collection funnel 12 and falls into the ash bin 13; during the desulfurization, dust removal, and denitration process, it is also necessary to regularly start the motor 56 to drive the first bevel gear 54 to drive the second bevel gear 55 to rotate, so as to control the closing of the first smoke stop plate 52 and the opening of the second smoke stop plate 53. Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe 40 passes through the second smoke stop plate 53 and is introduced into the first flue 42 and then shunted into the second flue 43 and the third flue 44 through the three-way connecting pipe 41. The high-temperature flue gas in the second flue 43 enters the warm pipe chamber 46 to heat the flue gas in the up-pipe 20. The high-temperature flue gas in the third flue 44 enters the heating pipe 45 to heat the flue gas at the bottom of the dust removal filter chamber 11, so as to avoid the formation of ammonium bisulfate below 280 degrees Celsius and decompose the ammonium bisulfate attached to the surface of the filter element by heating. After the heat exchange, the flue gas returns from the warm pipe chamber 46 or the heating pipe 45 to the fourth flue 47 and passes through the check chamber 48 and the fifth flue 49 into the four-way connecting pipe 40. Start the motor 56 again to control the opening of the first smoke stop plate 52 and the closing of the second smoke stop plate 53, and then the flue gas can be filtered continuously.
[0064] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may modify the present invention using the technical solutions described above or modify them into equivalent technical solutions. Therefore, any simple modification or equivalent replacement made according to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment, characterized in that: It includes dust removal and denitrification tower, desulfurization and denitrification premixer and waste heat smoke heating device; The dust removal and denitration tower comprises a dust removal filter cabin (11), a plurality of ceramic filter tubes (32) are arranged in the dust removal filter cabin (11), a pulse soot blower is installed on the top of the dust removal filter cabin (11), and a dust collecting device is installed on the bottom of the dust removal filter cabin (11); the desulfurization and denitration premixer comprises a first reaction cabin (17) and a second reaction cabin (19) arranged in parallel, the first reaction cabin (17) is connected to a lime sprayer, the second reaction cabin (19) is connected to an ammonia water sprayer, an S-shaped smoke pipe (18) is connected between the first reaction cabin (17) and the second reaction cabin (19), an upper smoke pipe (20) connected to the dust removal filter cabin (11) is installed at the upper end of the second reaction cabin (19), and a lower smoke pipe (16) is installed at the lower end of the first reaction cabin (17); The waste heat smoke heating device comprises a four-way connecting pipe (40), one side of the four-way connecting pipe (40) is connected to the lower smoke pipe (16), and the opposite side is connected to the smoke inlet pipe (15), and the other two sides of the four-way connecting pipe (40) are respectively connected to a smoke guide pipe and a smoke return pipe, and the smoke guide pipe is used to guide high-temperature smoke to the outside of the upper smoke pipe (20) and return it to the four-way connecting pipe (40) through the smoke return pipe.
2. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A porous plate (31) is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the dust filter cabin (11), a plurality of the ceramic filter tubes (32) are inserted into the holes on the surface of the porous plate (31), and an enzyme catalyst is injected into the ceramic filter tubes (32). A smoke outlet pipe (14) is installed on one side of the dust filter cabin (11) above the porous plate (31), and one end of the smoke outlet pipe (14) away from the dust filter cabin (11) is connected to a boiler induced draft fan, and the boiler induced draft fan is connected to a chimney. A check pipe (57) is installed on one side of the inner wall of the dust filter cabin (11), one end of the check pipe (57) is connected to the upper smoke pipe (20), and the other end of the check pipe (57) is rotatably mounted with a second check plate (51).
3. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The pulse soot blower comprises a pulse pipe network (35), wherein the pulse pipe network (35) is arranged in a dust removal filter cabin (11) above a porous plate (31), a plurality of blowing pipes (36) are arranged at the bottom of the pulse pipe network (35), a corresponding ceramic filter tube (32) is inserted into the lower end of each blowing pipe (36), an air bag (33) is installed on the outer wall of the dust removal filter cabin (11), a pulse valve (34) is installed on the top surface of the air bag (33), and an air outlet pipe extends from one side of the pulse pipe network (35) and is connected to the pulse valve (34).
4. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ash collecting device comprises an ash collecting funnel (12), wherein the ash collecting funnel (12) is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the dust filter cabin (11), an ash bin (13) is mounted at the lower end of the ash collecting funnel (12), and a cabin door is mounted on one side of the ash bin (13).
5. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lime sprayer comprises a lime spray ring (27), the lime spray ring (27) being mounted on the upper part of the inner wall of the first reaction chamber (17), a lime storage tank (23) being mounted on one side of the first reaction chamber (17), a lime conduit (25) being connected between the lime storage tank (23) and the lime spray ring (27), a first check valve (21) being mounted at one end of the lower smoke pipe (16) connected to the first reaction chamber (17), a limit plate extending to a bend of the lower smoke pipe (16) being mounted on the bottom surface of the first check valve (21).
6. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ammonia water sprayer comprises an ammonia water spray ring (28), which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the second reaction chamber (19); an ammonia water storage tank (24) is installed on one side of the second reaction chamber (19); an ammonia water conduit (26) is connected between the ammonia water storage tank (24) and the ammonia water spray ring (28); one end of the S-shaped smoke pipe (18) is connected to the upper end of the first reaction chamber (17), and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second reaction chamber (19); a second check valve (22) is installed at one end of the S-shaped smoke pipe (18) connected to the second reaction chamber (19); and a limit plate extending to the bend of the S-shaped smoke pipe (18) is installed on the bottom surface of the second check valve (22).
7. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smoke guiding pipeline comprises a first flue (42), wherein the first flue (42) is connected to one end of a four-way connecting pipe (40) close to the dust filter cabin (11), and one end of the first flue (42) away from the four-way connecting pipe (40) is connected to a three-way connecting pipe (41), and the other two ends of the three-way connecting pipe (41) are respectively connected to a second flue (43) and a third flue (44), wherein the second flue (43) extends upward and is connected to a heating pipe cabin (46), and the heating pipe cabin (46) is sleeved on the outer side of one end of the upper flue pipe (20) connected to the dust filter cabin (11), and the third flue (44) extends into the dust filter cabin (11) and is connected to a heating pipe (45), and the heating pipe (45) is spirally wound around the outer side of a non-return pipe (57).
8. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The smoke return pipeline comprises a check chamber (48), a fifth flue (49) is installed on the bottom surface of the check chamber (48), the lower end of the fifth flue (49) is connected to a four-way connecting pipe (40), a fourth flue (47) is inserted into the side of the check chamber (48), one end of the fourth flue (47) inserted into the check chamber (48) is rotatably installed with a first check plate (50), the other end of the fourth flue (47) is connected to a heating pipe chamber (46), and one end of the heating pipe (45) away from the third flue (44) is connected to the side of the fourth flue (47).
9. The high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting tube (40) connected to the lower smoke pipe (16) is rotatably mounted with a first smoke stop plate (52); the inner wall of the port of the four-way connecting tube (40) connected to the first smoke duct (42) is rotatably mounted with a second smoke stop plate (53); a four-way connecting tube (40) extends from one side of the rotation axis of the first smoke stop plate (52) and is fixedly mounted with a first bevel gear (54); a four-way connecting tube (40) extends from one side of the rotation axis of the second smoke stop plate (53) and is fixedly mounted with a second bevel gear (55); the first bevel gear (54) is meshingly connected with the second bevel gear (55); a motor (56) is mounted on one end of the first bevel gear (54) away from the first smoke stop plate (52).
10. A process for using the high-temperature dust removal and denitrification integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising S1 to S5, characterized in that: S1. First, high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the smoke inlet pipe (15), and the smoke enters the four-way connecting pipe (40) along the smoke inlet pipe (15). The motor (56) is started to drive the first bevel gear (54) to drive the second bevel gear (55) to rotate, so as to control the first smoke stop plate (52) to open and the second smoke stop plate (53) to close. The high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe (40) passes through the first smoke stop plate (52) and pushes open the first check valve (21) along the lower smoke pipe (16) and is introduced into the first reaction chamber (17); S2, then start the lime spray ring (27) to introduce the lime powder in the lime storage tank (23) through the lime conduit (25) and evenly spray it in the first reaction chamber (17), sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the lime powder to generate calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate, the calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate together with a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas continue to push open the second check valve (22) along the S-shaped flue pipe (18) and introduce it into the second reaction chamber (19), then start the ammonia water spray ring (28) to introduce the ammonia water in the ammonia water storage tank (24) through the ammonia water conduit (26) and evenly spray it in the second reaction chamber (19) and fully mix it with the flue gas; S3, then the ammonia water, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas are continuously introduced into the check pipe (57) along the upper flue gas pipe (20) and push open the second check plate (51) to enter the dust removal filter chamber (11), in which the calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate and a large amount of dry dust carried by the flue gas are filtered by the ceramic filter tube (32) and adhere to the surface of the ceramic filter tube (32) to form a powder cake layer, and at the same time, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are adsorbed on the surface of the powder cake layer of the ceramic filter tube, and under the action of the catalyst in the ceramic filter tube (32), the nitrogen oxides react with the ammonia water to generate nitrogen and water, and then the clean air filtered by the ceramic filter tube (32) is introduced into the boiler induced draft fan along the smoke outlet pipe (14) and discharged through the chimney; S4. During the desulfurization, dust removal and denitrification process, the pulse valve (34) needs to be started regularly to convert the compressed air in the air bag (33) into a pulse airflow, which is introduced into the pulse pipe network (35) and blown into the ceramic filter tube (32) through the blowing pipe (36). The powder ceramic filter tube (32) layer on the surface of the ceramic filter tube (32) is peeled off the surface of the ceramic filter tube (32) under the impact of the pulse airflow and is collected by the ash collecting funnel (12) and falls into the ash bin (13); S5. During the desulfurization, dust removal and denitrification process, it is necessary to regularly start the motor (56) to drive the first bevel gear (54) to drive the second bevel gear (55) to rotate, so as to control the first smoke stop plate (52) to close and the second smoke stop plate (53) to open. Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas in the four-way connecting pipe (40) is introduced into the first flue (42) through the second smoke stop plate (53) and then is diverted into the second flue (43) and the third flue (44) through the three-way connecting pipe (41). The high-temperature flue gas in the second flue (43) enters the heating chamber (46) to heat the flue gas in the upper flue (20). The high-temperature flue gas in the third flue (44) enters the heating pipe (45) to heat the flue gas at the bottom of the dust filter cabin (11) to prevent sulfur dioxide from generating ammonium bisulfate below 280 degrees, and to heat and decompose the ammonium bisulfate attached to the surface of the filter element. After the heat exchange is completed, the flue gas flows back from the heating pipe cabin (46) or the heating pipe (45) to the fourth flue (47) and passes through the check cabin (48) and the fifth flue (49) to enter the four-way connecting pipe (40). The motor (56) is started again to control the first smoke stop plate (52) to open and the second smoke stop plate (53) to close, so that the flue gas can continue to be filtered.