Silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced chemical conversion device for organic solid waste heat

Abstract

The invention discloses a silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste heat chemical conversion device which comprises a feed preheating system, a microwave regeneration system and a product cooling and collecting system, materials enter from the feed preheating system, and enter a microwave high-temperature system after being preheated in the feed preheating system; in the microwave high-temperature system, materials are heated to a target temperature in a microwave and high-temperature silicon carbide dual heating mode, the material heating rate is greatly increased to improve the product quality and reduce the occupied area of equipment, and solid products after reaction are input into the product cooling and collecting system to be cooled and collected. The problems that in an existing intermittent microwave heat treatment technology, the treatment efficiency is low, heating is uneven, energy consumption is high, continuous operation is difficult to achieve and the like are solved, the treatment efficiency is improved, complete decomposition of a target object is ensured, organic solid waste such as biomass and plastic can be converted into high-quality products through the device under the high-temperature effect, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved. The method can also be used for regeneration of activated carbon materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection technologies, and particularly to a silicon carbide crawler type microwave enhanced thermochemical conversion device for organic solid waste. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of global energy demand and the intensification of environmental pollution problems, the efficient treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste have become an important research direction in the field of sustainable development. Traditional landfill and incineration methods have problems such as large land occupation, high pollution emissions, and low energy utilization efficiency. Thermochemical conversion technology decomposes and converts organic solid waste into fuels, chemicals, and energy through high-temperature action, providing a clean and efficient technical path for solid waste management. This technology encompasses methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, and hydrothermal liquefaction, and can adapt to different types of organic waste, such as agricultural waste, waste plastics, food waste, and sludge, to achieve high-value recovery of resources. In recent years, with the development of catalyst optimization, intelligent control systems, and carbon capture and utilization technologies, thermochemical conversion is gradually evolving towards high selectivity, high efficiency, and low carbon emissions.

[0003] Among them, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have received increasing attention due to their wide applications in waste plastic recycling, biomass energy utilization, and waste power generation. Pyrolysis decomposes organic solid waste in an anaerobic or oxygen-deficient environment, mainly producing bio-oil, syngas, and biochar, and is particularly suitable for solid waste rich in hydrocarbons, such as plastics and rubber. Gasification converts solid waste into combustible gas at high temperature, which can be used to synthesize liquid fuels or directly generate electricity to improve energy utilization efficiency. With the progress of technology, thermochemical conversion is being combined with biocatalysis, energy storage technologies, and carbon neutrality strategies to promote the transformation of the waste management system towards an intelligent, low-carbon, and circular economy model.

[0004] Although traditional thermochemical conversion technologies show great potential in the resource utilization of organic solid waste, they still face certain challenges in terms of energy consumption, reaction rate, product selectivity, and equipment scale-up. For example, conventional pyrolysis and gasification processes rely on external heat sources for heating, with problems such as low heat transfer efficiency, long reaction time, and many tar by-products. In addition, the complex composition of heterogeneous solid waste often leads to uneven reactions, further affecting the conversion efficiency and product quality. To address these limitations, microwave thermochemical conversion technology has gradually received extensive attention in recent years. Microwave heating directly acts on polar molecules or conductive particles using electromagnetic waves to achieve internal heating. Compared with traditional heating methods, it has higher energy utilization efficiency, can rapidly heat up and uniformly heat, effectively improving the rate and selectivity of the thermochemical conversion process. With the optimization of microwave absorption materials (such as carbon-based catalysts, metal oxides, etc.) and microwave reaction systems, this technology is gradually becoming an emerging direction for the efficient conversion of organic solid waste.

[0005] However, the current research and industrial applications of using microwave technology for activated carbon regeneration are still in the exploratory stage. Most of the existing microwave thermochemical conversion technologies are batch operations, with low processing efficiency, and no continuous device suitable for large-scale industrial applications has been formed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a microwave-enhanced thermochemical conversion device and method for organic solid waste to solve the problems of high energy consumption, uneven heating, insufficient processing capacity, and poor environmental friendliness in the existing technology, and to provide a new path for the efficient utilization and industrial application of organic solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a silicon carbide track-type microwave-enhanced thermochemical conversion device for organic solid waste, which can improve the uniformity of material heating and the processing efficiency of organic solid waste.

[0007] Technical Solution: To achieve the above object, a silicon carbide track-type microwave-enhanced thermochemical conversion device for organic solid waste according to the present invention includes a feed preheating system, a microwave regeneration system, and a product cooling and collection system. The material enters through the feed preheating system, is preheated in the feed preheating system, and then enters the microwave high-temperature system. In the microwave high-temperature system, the material is heated to the activation temperature under the dual heating mode of microwave and the high-temperature transmission chain plate composed of silicon carbide plates. After the reaction, the product is input into the product cooling and collection system for cooling and collection.

[0008] Among them, the feed preheating system includes a feed bin and a feed tube screw conveyor. One end of the feed bin is connected to one end of the feed tube screw conveyor, and the other end of the feed tube screw conveyor is connected to the microwave high-temperature system. Multiple groups of microwave magnetrons are provided in the middle section of the feed tube screw conveyor.

[0009] Among them, a carrier gas inlet is provided at the upper end of the bin, and an exhaust port is provided on the feed tube screw conveyor.

[0010] Among them, the microwave high-temperature system includes a closed cavity, a silicon carbide chain plate conveyor located in the closed cavity, and multiple groups of microwave magnetrons. One side of the tunnel-shaped cavity is connected to the feed preheating system, so that the material falls on the front end of the transmission of the silicon carbide chain plate conveyor, and the other side is connected to the product cooling and collection system, so that the product falls from the rear end of the transmission of the silicon carbide chain plate conveyor into the product cooling and collection system.

[0011] Among them, the silicon carbide chain plate conveyor includes two groups of sprockets, a frame supporting the sprockets, a chain mesh sleeved between the two groups of sprockets, and a motor located outside the closed cavity. The motor is connected to the sprockets through a transmission mechanism, so that the two groups of sprockets can drive and guide the circular movement of the chain mesh. Multiple groups of silicon carbide plates are fixed on the outer surface of the chain mesh to form a transmission chain plate of the silicon carbide plates.

[0012] Among them, one side of the silicon carbide plate perpendicular to the transmission direction is rotatably installed on the chain mesh.

[0013] Wherein, the closed cavity is provided with a ceramic fiber insulation layer and an exhaust port.

[0014] Among them, the product cooling and collection system includes a discharge pipe screw conveyor and a material barrel. One end of the discharge pipe screw conveyor is connected to the microwave high temperature system, and the other end is connected to the material barrel.

[0015] Wherein, the discharge pipe type screw conveyor is provided with an exhaust port, and a moisture measuring thermocouple is provided at the outlet.

[0016] Wherein, the feed preheating system and microwave high temperature system are provided with multiple groups of infrared temperature measuring sensors.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages: 1. The device of the present invention realizes the continuous thermochemical conversion of organic solid waste, and the processing volume per unit time is significantly increased compared with the traditional intermittent method, thereby improving the thermochemical treatment efficiency of organic solid waste;

[0018] 2. Through multi-stage microwave power control technology, the microwave energy distribution is dynamically adjusted according to the position of organic solid waste during the transmission process, improving the problem of local overheating or incomplete decomposition caused by uneven microwave heating, ensuring the complete and efficient decomposition of organic solid waste;

[0019] 3. By optimizing the microwave energy utilization efficiency and heat recovery design during the transmission process, the energy consumption during the regeneration process can be significantly reduced;

[0020] 4. It supports the thermochemical conversion of organic solid waste under various working conditions. Through atmosphere control and temperature adjustable design, it can adapt to the thermochemical conversion needs of different types of organic solid waste. It is particularly suitable for the regeneration of activated carbon that adsorbs organic matter and the pyrolysis and gasification conversion of solid wastes such as biomass and waste plastics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of the silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1-2As shown in the figure, the device for microwave-enhanced thermochemical conversion of silicon carbide crawler type organic solid waste according to the present invention includes a feed preheating system, a microwave high-temperature system, a product cooling and collection system, and a control system. The material enters through the feed preheating system and enters the microwave high-temperature system after being preheated in the feed preheating system. In the microwave high-temperature system, the material is heated to the target temperature. After the reaction ends, the solid product is input into the product cooling and collection system through the transmission chain plate made of silicon carbide material for cooling and collection. The control system is used to control the working states of the equipment in the feed preheating system, the microwave high-temperature system, and the product cooling and collection system.

[0025] The feed preheating system includes a feed bin 1, a feed tube screw conveyor 2, and an infrared temperature sensor 3. The feed tube screw conveyor 2 includes a feed conveying tube, a screw blade installed inside the feed conveying tube made of metal material to push the material forward by rotation, and a motor 17 for providing the rotation power of the screw blade. An inlet I and an outlet I are respectively arranged at both ends of the feed conveying tube. The inlet I is connected to the feed bin 1, and the outlet I is connected to the microwave high-temperature system through a pipeline 5. The material enters the feed conveying tube from the feed bin 1 and the inlet I, and is pushed forward by the screw blade to the outlet I.

[0026] A plurality of groups of microwave magnetrons 4 are arranged in the middle section of the feed conveying tube for preheating the material in the feed conveying tube, and the preheating temperature is 100 - 300 degrees.

[0027] The microwave high-temperature system includes a closed cavity 6 made of metal material. Above one side of the closed cavity 6, there is an inlet II connected to the outlet I through a pipeline 5. Below the other side of the closed cavity 6, there is an outlet II connected to the solid product cooling and collection system. A material conveyor 7 is arranged between the inlet II and the outlet II in the closed cavity 6 for conveying the material entering from the inlet II to the outlet II.

[0028] The pipeline 5 at the inlet II extends to the transmission surface of the material conveyor 7 to prevent the material from splashing and falling.

[0029] A plurality of groups of microwave magnetrons 4 and infrared temperature sensors 3 are arranged in the middle section of the closed cavity 6 for further heating and temperature measurement of the material, so that the regeneration temperature reaches 400 - 600 degrees.

[0030] The closed cavity 6 uses ceramic fiber as a thermal insulation layer 8 for comprehensive thermal insulation to prevent energy dissipation.

[0031] The conveyor chain plates of the material conveyor 7 are spliced by multiple groups of silicon carbide plates 9 to form a continuous conveying surface. The silicon carbide plates 9 can efficiently absorb microwave heat generation, improve the heating efficiency of the microwave on the material, reduce energy loss, and improve energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the silicon carbide plates 9 have extremely high high-temperature resistance and chemical stability, and can remain stable in high-temperature and corrosive environments.

[0032] The material conveyor 7 includes two groups of sprockets 10, a frame for supporting the sprockets 10, a chain mesh sleeved between the two groups of sprockets 10, and a motor. The motor is connected to the sprocket 10 through a transmission mechanism, so that the two groups of sprockets 10 can drive and guide the circular motion of the chain mesh. Multiple groups of silicon carbide plates 9 are fixed on the outer side of the chain mesh to form the conveyor chain plates of the silicon carbide plates 9. In order to enable the conveyor chain plates to turn smoothly on both sides of the sprocket 10, one side of the silicon carbide plate 9 can be axially rotatably installed on the chain mesh (that is, the side perpendicular to the conveying direction can rotate around the axial direction of this side), and the other side is not fixed. Under this structural design, the silicon carbide plate 9 adaptively adjusts its position during the conveying process. For example, when it is conveyed to the upper side, it naturally spliced and laid flat on the chain mesh. At the turning point, the unfixed side will naturally lift off the chain mesh, avoiding jamming or damage caused by fixing both sides at the same time, and ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of the conveying process.

[0033] The sprockets 10 and other transmission structures on the material conveyor 7 are all prepared from high-performance high-temperature-resistant steel, which can maintain excellent mechanical strength and antioxidant performance in high-temperature environments, and have the ability to resist high-temperature steam erosion, ensuring long-term stable operation. In order to improve the durability and safety of the equipment, the motor is independently installed outside the closed cavity 6 to avoid the influence of the high-temperature environment on its performance, thereby effectively extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the maintenance cost.

[0034] The solid product cooling and collection system includes a discharge tube type screw conveyor 11 and a bucket 12. The discharge tube type screw conveyor 11 includes a discharge conveying tube, a screw blade installed in the discharge conveying tube to push the material forward by rotation, and a motor 18 for providing the rotation power of the screw blade. An inlet III and an outlet III are respectively arranged at both ends of the discharge conveying tube. The inlet III is communicated with the outlet II, and the outlet III is communicated with the bucket 12. The material enters the discharge conveying tube from the outlet II and the inlet III, and is pushed forward by the screw blade to the outlet III and then enters the bucket 12. The discharge tube type screw conveyor 11 can naturally cool the material during the process of pushing the material, and by adjusting the material pushing speed or the length of the discharge conveying tube, the material can be cooled to an appropriate temperature and collected in the bucket 12.

[0035] In order to facilitate the collection of the material, the outlet II is provided with a funnel-shaped structure 16.

[0036] A humidity measuring thermocouple 13 is also provided at the discharge port III. The infrared temperature measuring sensor 3 and the temperature measuring thermocouple 13 are used to measure the material temperature and feed back to the control system.

[0037] The power of the microwave magnetron 4 is 1 kW and is adjustable.

[0038] The feed bin 1 is provided with a carrier gas inlet, and the feed conveying pipe, the discharge conveying pipe, and the tunnel-type cavity are all provided with an exhaust port 14, which can be extended outward through a pipeline. By introducing carrier gas into the device, air can be isolated to ensure the internal atmosphere conditions of the reaction chamber.

[0039] The feed preheating system, microwave high temperature system and control system are integrated in a box-type housing 15. The housing 15 is provided with windows for convenient operation of the feed bin 1 and the barrel 12. There is also a display window 19 of the control system, which is convenient for operators to monitor the working conditions of the equipment of each system and the processing progress of the organic solid material.

[0040] Based on the length and width of the conveyor belt of the above device, the conveyor belt conveying speed and the bulk density of the material, the material processing speed is 1-10kg / h.

[0041] The present invention further provides a method for preparing activated carbon by microwave pyrolysis of industrial lignin based on the above device: first, the industrial lignin material is placed in a feed bin 1, nitrogen enters the processing system through the upper part of the feed bin 1 to maintain the inert atmosphere inside the reaction, and is pushed to the transmission chain plate in the closed cavity 6 through the feed screw conveyor. During the pushing process, the material is quickly preheated to obtain the material reaching the target temperature, and the generated steam is discharged through the exhaust port 14 on the feed screw conveyor. The preheated material falling on the transmission chain plate that has reached the pyrolysis and carbonization temperature is quickly heated to the pyrolysis and carbonization temperature under the dual heating action of microwaves and chain plate heat transfer, and the generated steam is discharged through the exhaust port 14 on the tunnel cavity; after the reaction is completed, the activated carbon product is input into the discharging screw conveyor through the transmission chain plate, cooled under the push of the screw and the action of air, and then enters the barrel 12, and the generated steam is discharged through the exhaust port 14 of the discharging screw conveyor. In this embodiment, the preheating temperature is 200 degrees, the pyrolysis and carbonization temperature is 500 degrees, and the processing speed is 2kg / h.

[0042] The device of the present invention not only supports the operation of preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of industrial lignin under various working conditions, but is also suitable for pyrolysis of other biomass (straw, corn cobs, wood chips, coconut shells, etc.) to produce carbon and liquid fuel, gasification of organic solid waste such as biomass to produce combustible gas, pyrolysis of plastics to produce oil, and activated carbon regeneration.

Claims

1. A silicon carbide crawler type microwave enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device, characterized in that: It includes a feed preheating system, a microwave regeneration system, and a product cooling and collecting system. The material enters from the feed preheating system and enters the microwave high-temperature system after being preheated in the feed preheating system. In the microwave high-temperature system, the material is heated to the activation temperature by a dual heating method of microwaves and high-temperature transmission chain plates composed of silicon carbide plates. The product after the reaction is completed is input into the product cooling and collecting system for cooling and collection.

2. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feed preheating system includes a feed bin and a feed tube screw conveyor. The feed bin is connected to one end of the feed tube screw conveyor, and the other end of the feed tube screw conveyor is connected to a microwave high temperature system. A plurality of microwave magnetrons are arranged in the middle section of the feed tube screw conveyor.

3. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper end of the silo is provided with a carrier gas inlet, and the feed pipe type screw conveyor is provided with an exhaust port.

4. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The microwave high-temperature system includes a closed cavity, a silicon carbide chain conveyor located in the closed cavity, and multiple groups of microwave magnetrons. One side of the tunnel cavity is connected to the feed preheating system so that the material falls on the front end of the silicon carbide chain conveyor, and the other side is connected to the product cooling and collection system so that the product falls into the product cooling and collection system from the rear end of the silicon carbide chain conveyor.

5. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The silicon carbide chain plate conveyor includes two sets of sprockets, a frame supporting the sprockets, a chain network sleeved between the two sets of sprockets, and a motor located outside a closed cavity. The motor is connected to the sprockets through a transmission mechanism so that the two sets of sprockets drive and guide the circular motion of the chain network. Multiple sets of silicon carbide plates are fixed on the outer surface of the chain network to form a transmission chain plate of the silicon carbide plates.

6. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The side of the silicon carbide plate perpendicular to the transmission direction is rotatably mounted on the chain network.

7. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The closed cavity is provided with a ceramic fiber insulation layer and an exhaust port.

8. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The product cooling and collecting system comprises a discharge pipe screw conveyor and a material barrel. One end of the discharge pipe screw conveyor is connected to the microwave high temperature system, and the other end is connected to the material barrel.

9. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The discharging pipe type screw conveyor is provided with an exhaust port, and a moisture measuring thermocouple is provided at the outlet.

10. The silicon carbide crawler-type microwave-enhanced organic solid waste thermochemical conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed preheating system and microwave high temperature system are provided with multiple groups of infrared temperature measuring sensors.

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