High-safety lithium battery fault experiment device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery testing, and discloses a high-safety lithium battery fault experiment device which comprises a bottom plate, a protection cover, a test board, a gas treatment device, a fire extinguishing device and a control system. The bottom plate is made of a high-strength composite material, the test bench comprises a modularized battery jar and a fire extinguishing device, an aerosol fire extinguishing system is adopted, and the test bench comprises an automatic and manual trigger mechanism, a control system and a high-performance single-chip microcomputer. The influence of explosion and high-temperature leakage on the experimental environment can be effectively prevented; the gas treatment device can efficiently adsorb toxic gas, so that the pollution to the laboratory environment is reduced; an automatic response mechanism can quickly start power-off, fire extinguishing and exhaust operations when an abnormal condition occurs, so that the experiment safety is guaranteed; the modular design enables the device to be more convenient to maintain and upgrade, and can meet the experimental requirements of different types of batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery testing, and particularly to a high-safety lithium battery fault experiment device. Background Technique

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the applications of various lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly widespread, and their safety issues have received more and more attention. During the use of batteries, extreme conditions such as short circuits, overcharging, over-discharging, and high temperatures may trigger thermal runaway of the battery, and even lead to fires or explosions, posing threats to personal and property safety. Although existing battery testing devices can test the performance and safety of batteries in a laboratory environment, their protection capabilities and automatic response capabilities still have significant deficiencies in dealing with dangerous situations such as thermal runaway, gas leakage, and explosion shocks.

[0003] At present, the protective covers of conventional battery testing devices mostly use single-layer materials, which are difficult to withstand strong impacts and high temperatures; the exhaust system is simply designed and cannot handle complex toxic gases; and the automatic response mechanism is lagging, making it difficult to start the power-off and fire extinguishing devices in a timely manner. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety and experimental efficiency of battery fault experiment devices, there is an urgent need for an experimental device with high protection capabilities, an automatic response mechanism, and gas treatment capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is: to solve the problem of insufficient safety of existing battery testing devices under high-risk conditions, the present invention provides a high-safety lithium battery fault experiment device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A high-safety lithium battery fault experiment device includes a bottom plate, a protective cover, a test bench, a gas treatment device, a fire extinguishing device, and a control system. Among them, the bottom plate is made of a high-strength composite material, and is provided with shock-absorbing pads and anti-slip pads at the bottom, and an anti-corrosion coating is applied on the surface; the protective cover is fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and the protective cover includes a three-layer composite structure: an outer metal alloy layer, a middle honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, and an inner ceramic heat-insulating layer. The protective cover is provided with a transparent observation window and a sealed design; the test bench includes a modular battery slot, the battery slot is provided with a flexible high-temperature-resistant material, the bottom of the slot is integrated with conductive electrodes, and temperature, pressure, and gas sensors are arranged;

[0007] The gas treatment device is connected to the protective cover through a pipeline and includes an activated carbon adsorption module and a fan system;

[0008] The fire extinguishing device uses an aerosol fire extinguishing system and includes automatic and manual triggering mechanisms;

[0009] The control system is based on a high-performance single-chip microcomputer and integrates multiple sensor interfaces, a data acquisition module, an automatic response module, and data storage and export functions.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the base plate is made of an epoxy resin reinforced fiber composite material and is closely fitted with the protective cover through a thickened elastic sealing strip.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the transparent observation window of the protective cover is made of high-strength explosion-proof glass and has high transparency, impact resistance, and anti-fogging properties.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the battery slot of the test bench is suitable for 18650, 21700, and square batteries, and the size can be adjusted through modular design.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the activated carbon adsorption module of the gas treatment device can adsorb HF, CO, and volatile organic compounds.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the nozzles of the fire extinguishing device are evenly distributed on the top and around the inside of the protective cover and can quickly cover the entire experimental area after a fire occurs.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the control system supports data export and remote monitoring through USB and wireless interfaces.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the automatic response function of the control system includes power-off protection, fire extinguishing operation, and gas treatment and exhaust mechanism.

[0017] In the present invention, the protective cover adopts a composite structure, including an outer metal alloy layer, a middle honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, and an inner ceramic heat-insulating layer, and a transparent observation window is provided at the top;

[0018] In the present invention, a battery slot for fixing the battery is provided on the test bench, and a variety of sensors are equipped, including a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a gas sensor;

[0019] In the present invention, the gas treatment device is connected to the protective cover through a pipeline and is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption module for treating toxic gases released during the experiment;

[0020] In the present invention, the fire extinguishing device is an aerosol fire extinguishing system and can be automatically started according to the signal of the gas sensor;

[0021] In the present invention, the control system includes a single-chip microcomputer and multiple sensor interfaces for real-time monitoring of experimental data and triggering power-off, exhaust, or fire extinguishing operations.

[0022] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. Through the design of the protective cover with a multi-layer structure, the impact resistance and high-temperature resistance of the experimental device are greatly improved, effectively preventing the impact of explosion and high-temperature leakage on the experimental environment;

[0024] 2. The gas treatment device can efficiently adsorb toxic gases, reducing the pollution to the laboratory environment;

[0025] 3. The automatic response mechanism can quickly start power-off, fire extinguishing, and exhaust operations in case of abnormal situations, ensuring experimental safety;

[0026] 4. The modular design makes the maintenance and upgrade of the device more convenient, and can adapt to the experimental requirements of different types of batteries. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the experimental test bench of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a general schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 In the figure, the marks are: 1 lithium battery, 2 short-circuit resistor, 3 Hall current sensor, 4 creep distance sensor, 5 thermocouple sensor, 6 hydrogen sensor, 7 carbon monoxide sensor, 8 methane sensor, 9 combustible gas sensor, 10 exhaust port, 11 camera. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] The following will be combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 to describe the present invention in detail.

[0032] This device mainly includes a bottom plate, a protective cover, a test bench, a gas treatment device, a fire extinguishing device, and a control system. The structure of each part is designed as follows:

[0033] The bottom plate is made of high-strength composite materials, such as epoxy resin reinforced fiber composite materials, which have good impact resistance and insulation properties, and can effectively prevent safety hazards caused by mechanical shock or leakage. High-performance shock-absorbing pads and anti-slip pads are installed on the bottom to ensure stable operation of the device by absorbing vibrations and increasing friction, which is particularly suitable for use in complex experimental environments. The surface of the bottom plate is coated with an anti-corrosion coating, which can be used for a long time in experimental environments with high humidity or corrosive gases, extending the life of the equipment.

[0034] The protective cover is a three-layer composite structure: (1) Outer metal alloy layer: Made of aluminum alloy, it has the characteristics of high strength, light weight and corrosion resistance, and can effectively resist the impact of fragments generated by battery explosion and chemical corrosion from the external environment. (2) Middle honeycomb energy absorption layer: Made of aluminum honeycomb or polymer honeycomb material, its unique honeycomb structure can evenly disperse the impact energy when subjected to force, while isolating heat conduction, greatly improving the safety performance of the device. (3) Inner ceramic insulation layer: Made of high-purity alumina ceramic or silicate ceramic, it can withstand high temperatures up to 1500°C and can effectively prevent the high temperature and flame generated by battery thermal runaway from affecting surrounding equipment and the experimental environment. There is a transparent observation window on the top of the protective cover, which is made of high-strength explosion-proof glass with high transparency and impact resistance. The surface of the observation window is coated with an anti-fog layer to ensure visibility during the experiment. The protective cover is tightly fitted to the bottom plate through a thickened elastic sealing strip and fixed with multi-point locks to ensure the airtightness and isolation of the device during operation, effectively preventing gas or flame leakage during the experiment.

[0035] The test bench is equipped with multiple battery slots of adjustable sizes, which adopts modular design and is suitable for lithium batteries of different specifications such as 18650, 21700, and square batteries. The inner wall of the battery slot is covered with flexible high-temperature resistant materials to prevent short circuits caused by hard contact when the battery is squeezed by external force. The surface of the test bench is coated with a ceramic coating, which has anti-corrosion, high-temperature resistance and insulation properties, and can adapt to high temperature, chemical corrosion and complex experimental environments for a long time. The test bench is equipped with Hall current sensors, creeping point distance sensors, thermocouple sensors, hydrogen sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, methane sensors, combustible gas sensors, etc. It can monitor the battery surface temperature and experimental environment temperature changes, and various toxic and harmful gases with high precision.

[0036] The gas treatment device is connected to the protective cover through a high temperature and corrosion resistant pipeline. Its core function is to deal with the toxic gases released during the experiment, including:

[0037] (1) Activated carbon adsorption module, which uses high-efficiency activated carbon particles, can quickly adsorb toxic gases such as HF and CO generated during the experiment, and has good adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

[0038] (2) The fan system has high power and adjustable speed functions, ensuring efficient gas flow within the protective cover and rapid discharge into the treatment device for purification. The gas treatment device is designed with replaceable modules, and each module can be replaced, facilitating long-term use and maintenance.

[0039] The fire extinguishing device adopts an advanced aerosol fire extinguishing system, and the fire extinguishing agent uses an environmentally friendly aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which is non-toxic and pollution-free, causing no secondary damage to equipment and the environment. The fire extinguishing nozzles are evenly arranged on the inner top and around the protective cover, and can quickly cover the entire experimental area after a fire occurs. When the gas sensor detects that the concentration of H2 or CO exceeds the set threshold, the system automatically triggers the fire extinguishing device, or when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the protective cover exceeds the safe range, the fire extinguishing system can be automatically activated. At the same time, the fire extinguishing operation can also be manually triggered through the manual start button on the control panel.

[0040] The control system is centered on a high-performance single-chip microcomputer, integrating multiple sensor interfaces and a real-time monitoring module. It can collect data such as temperature, pressure, and gas concentration in real time, and upload it to the upper computer. The experimental data can be automatically stored in the internal storage device or an external memory card, supporting data analysis after the experiment. When an abnormality occurs, operations such as power-off, fire extinguishing, and exhaust are triggered. The control system has a multi-level threshold alarm function, emitting audible and visual alarms according to the risk level to remind the experimental personnel to handle it in time.

[0041] The implementation principle of this high-safety lithium battery failure experimental device is as follows:

[0042] In the experimental preparation stage, place the battery to be tested in the battery slot of the test bench, and adjust the fixing device to ensure the battery is stable and avoid movement. Start the control system, initialize and calibrate all sensors to ensure the accuracy of data collection. Before the experiment, set the experimental parameters and safety thresholds (such as temperature, pressure, and upper limit of gas concentration) through the upper computer.

[0043] After the experiment starts, the sensors continuously monitor the temperature, pressure, and released gas concentration of the battery under fault conditions, and all data is transmitted to the upper computer and stored. When the collected data approaches the preset threshold, the system issues a warning prompt to remind the experimental personnel to pay attention. If it exceeds the threshold, the system automatically triggers the safety protection mechanism, including power-off, fire extinguishing, and exhaust operations. When the control system detects over-temperature or abnormal gas concentration, it cuts off the experimental circuit immediately to prevent the fault from deteriorating further. When an open flame affects the experimental safety, the aerosol fire extinguishing system is quickly activated to spray the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire source, ensuring that the flame inside the protective cover is extinguished in the shortest time. When a large amount of harmful gas appears, start the fan to quickly introduce the toxic gas inside the protective cover into the treatment device for purification, avoiding pollution of the experimental environment.

[0044] After the experiment is over, the protective cover is unlocked by the system, and the experimenter can safely remove the battery. The host computer automatically generates an experiment report, including complete experiment data and abnormal response records, for subsequent analysis.

[0045] The implementation principle of a high-safety lithium battery fault experiment device of the present invention is as follows:

[0046] Through the design of the protective cover with a multi-layer structure, the impact resistance and high-temperature resistance of the experiment device are greatly improved, effectively preventing the impact of explosion and high-temperature leakage on the experimental environment; the gas treatment device can efficiently adsorb toxic gases, reducing the pollution to the laboratory environment; the automatic response mechanism can quickly start power-off, fire extinguishing, and exhaust operations in case of abnormal situations, ensuring experimental safety; the modular design makes the maintenance and upgrade of the device more convenient and can adapt to different types of battery experiment requirements.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", and "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0048] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market. The special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part all adopt conventional means such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machines, parts, and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art. In addition, the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be elaborated here.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-safety lithium battery failure test device, characterized in that: include: Including base plate, protective cover, test bench, gas handling device, fire extinguishing device and control system; The bottom plate is made of high-strength composite material, with shock-absorbing pads and anti-skid pads at the bottom and anti-corrosion coating on the surface; The protective cover is fixedly connected to the bottom plate. The protective cover includes a three-layer composite structure: an outer metal alloy layer, a middle honeycomb energy-absorbing layer and an inner ceramic heat-insulating layer. The protective cover is provided with a transparent observation window and a sealing design; The test bench includes a modular battery trough with flexible high temperature resistant material inside, conductive electrodes integrated in the bottom of the trough, and temperature, pressure and gas sensors arranged therein; A gas treatment device, connected to the protective cover through a pipeline, comprising an activated carbon adsorption module and a fan system; Fire extinguishing device, using an aerosol fire extinguishing system, including automatic and manual trigger mechanisms; The control system is based on a high-performance single-chip microcomputer and integrates multi-channel sensor interfaces, data acquisition modules, automatic response modules, and data storage and export functions.

2. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom plate is made of epoxy resin reinforced fiber composite material and is tightly fitted with the protective cover through a thickened elastic sealing strip.

3. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transparent observation window of the protective cover is made of high-strength explosion-proof glass.

4. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery slot of the test bench is suitable for 18650, 21700 and square batteries, and is adjustable in size through modular design.

5. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon adsorption module of the gas treatment device can adsorb HF, CO and volatile organic compounds.

6. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzles of the fire extinguishing device are evenly distributed on the top and surrounding of the protective cover, and can quickly cover the entire experimental area after the flame is generated.

7. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system supports data export and remote monitoring via USB and wireless interfaces.

8. The high-safety lithium battery failure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic response functions of the control system include power failure protection, fire extinguishing operation, and gas handling and exhaust mechanism.

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