Dry farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction functions

Abstract

The invention provides a dry farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction functions. The dry farmland soil layered fertilization device with the fertilizer control and disturbance reduction functions comprises a frame. According to the dry farmland soil layered fertilization device with the fertilizer control and disturbance reduction functions, the deep plowshares and the two middle plowshares are arranged for ploughing, and the shallow-layer spreading pipes, the middle-layer spreading pipes and the deep-layer spreading pipes are matched for spreading fertilizers with different depths and different requirements, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers can be increased; annular layered fertilization is beneficial to promotion of root development, reduction of fertilization times is beneficial to control of the fertilizer spreading amount, layered fertilization of wheat or corn with different depth requirements can be completed under the driving of the air cylinder, and when the shallow-layer spreading pipe, the middle-layer spreading pipe and the deep-layer spreading pipe are used for discharging materials at different depths, the fertilizer spreading amount can be controlled. And surface fertilizer accumulation at the position connected with the discharge port can be removed, so that the subsequent normal discharge is prevented from being blocked by crystals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil layered fertilization, and particularly to a soil layered fertilization device for dry cropland with fertilizer control and interference reduction. Background Art

[0002] Dry cropland accounts for more than 40% of the global cultivated land area. The irrigation method of dry cropland mainly relies on natural precipitation. Traditional fertilization methods (such as broadcasting and surface application) result in a fertilizer runoff loss rate as high as 30%-50%, exacerbating water eutrophication.

[0003] In the existing dry cropland, during fertilization, a plow fixed on the device is put into the soil for plowing and then fertilizing. The depth of plowing and the depth of fertilization are both fixed, and it is impossible to adjust the depth according to different seeds during fertilization. Dry farming mainly includes wheat and corn, and it is impossible to perform layered fertilization plowing at different depths for these two crops, resulting in low applicability and the need to frequently replace farm tools, increasing the usage cost.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a soil layered fertilization device for dry cropland with fertilizer control and interference reduction to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a soil layered fertilization device for dry cropland with fertilizer control and interference reduction, which solves the problem that the device cannot adjust the depth according to different seeds during fertilization.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, a soil layered fertilization device for dry cropland with fertilizer control and interference reduction provided by the present invention includes: a frame;

[0007] a fertilizer tank, which is fixedly installed on the top of the frame, and the fertilizer tank is divided into three spaces by two baffles for placing different kinds of fertilizers;

[0008] a plowing mechanism, which is fixedly installed on one side of the fertilizer tank. The plowing mechanism includes a cylinder, the output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a plow support plate, a groove is formed on one side of the plow support plate, a sliding plate fixedly connected with the fertilizer tank is slidably arranged in the groove, a deep plow is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the plow support plate, and middle plows are fixedly installed on both sides of the plow support plate;

[0009] a bearing plate, which is fixedly installed on one side of the plow support plate;

[0010] A spreading mechanism, the spreading mechanism is fixedly installed in the circular hole opened in the supporting plate, the spreading mechanism comprises a shallow spreading pipe, a middle spreading pipe and a deep spreading pipe, the shallow spreading pipe, the middle spreading pipe and the deep spreading pipe are fixedly installed in the circular hole opened in the supporting plate in sequence, the bottom end of the middle spreading pipe is respectively connected with a left spreading pipe and a right spreading pipe, the shallow spreading pipe, the middle spreading pipe and the deep spreading pipe are each provided with a discharge port, the top end of the discharge port is connected with the fertilizer box, the left spreading pipe and the right spreading pipe are respectively located inside the two middle plowshares.

[0011] Preferably, four hydraulic wheels are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the frame, and the four hydraulic wheels are used to cooperate with the traction machinery to drive the device to move, and the four hydraulic wheels are also used to control the overall height of the device when plowing and fertilizing.

[0012] Preferably, a traction seat is fixedly installed on the top of the frame, and the traction seat is used to cooperate with the traction machinery to move through the four hydraulic wheel driving devices.

[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the discharge port is provided with buckles, the buckles are distributed in an annular shape and have three layers, and buckle holes matching the buckles are opened on the surfaces of the shallow layer spreading pipe, the middle layer spreading pipe and the deep layer spreading pipe.

[0014] Preferably, three groups of opening and closing mechanisms are fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate, and the three groups of opening and closing mechanisms are respectively matched with the three discharge ports. The opening and closing mechanism includes a fixed column, which is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate, and the fixed column passes through the fertilizer box and extends to the inside of the fertilizer box. A spiral column is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed column, and a rotating ring is arranged on the outside of the fixed column. The protrusion in the rotating ring is matched with the spiral column. An extension ring is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating ring, and the extension ring passes through the fertilizer box and extends to the outside of the fertilizer box. The rotating ring is fixedly connected with a round cover through a connecting frame, and the round cover is matched with the discharge port.

[0015] Preferably, the interiors of the three discharge ports are rotatably connected with a pretreatment mechanism, and the three groups of pretreatment mechanisms are respectively adapted to the three discharge ports, and the pretreatment mechanism includes a toggle shaft, one end of the toggle shaft passes through the discharge port and extends to the outside, a toggle block is fixedly installed at one end of the toggle shaft located outside the discharge port, and a toggle plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the toggle shaft.

[0016] Preferably, the toggle plate is used to slow down the falling speed of the seeds and the toggle plate does not contact the round cover when rotating.

[0017] Preferably, a pressing mechanism is fixedly installed on one side of the frame. The pressing mechanism includes a pressing support plate which is fixedly installed on one side of the frame. Buffer members are symmetrically and fixedly installed at the bottom of the pressing support plate. A support frame is fixedly installed at the bottoms of the two buffer members. A crankshaft is fixedly installed inside the support frame. Pressing wheels are rotatably connected to both ends of the crankshaft.

[0018] Preferably, a soil loosening mechanism is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame. The soil loosening mechanism includes a fixed frame. Two fixed frames are symmetrically and fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected between the two fixed frames. Three groups of soil loosening cutters are fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the fixed frame and extends to the outside of the fixed frame. A motor is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft located outside the fixed frame. The motor is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed frame through a bracket.

[0019] Preferably, material gathering blocks are symmetrically and fixedly installed on both sides of the fertilizer tank.

[0020] Compared with the related art, a dry farming farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention provides a dry farming farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction. By setting a deep plowshare and two middle plowshares for plowing, and cooperating with a shallow layer spreading pipe, a middle layer spreading pipe and a deep layer spreading pipe to spread fertilizers with different depths and different requirements, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. The annular layered fertilization is beneficial to promoting root development. Reducing the number of surface fertilizations for the second and third times is beneficial to controlling the fertilizer spreading amount, protecting the farmland and reducing pollution. Driven by a cylinder, the layered fertilization with different depth requirements for wheat or corn can be completed. When the shallow layer spreading pipe, the middle layer spreading pipe and the deep layer spreading pipe discharge materials at different depths, the surface fertilizer accumulation at the position connected to the discharge port can be cleared to avoid crystallization and blockage of subsequent normal discharging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a dry farming farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the installation schematic diagram of the bearing plate shown;

[0024] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the structural schematic diagram of the plowing mechanism shown;

[0025] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the structural schematic diagram of the spreading mechanism shown;

[0026] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the installation of buckles and buckle holes;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a general diagram of a soil stratification fertilization device for dryland farmland with the function of controlling fertilizer and reducing disturbance;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism shown;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the pre-treatment mechanism shown;

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the suppression mechanism shown;

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the loosening mechanism is shown.

[0032] Numbers in the figure: 1, frame, 2, plowing mechanism, 201, cylinder, 202, plowing support plate, 203, groove, 204, slide plate, 205, deep plowshare, 206, middle plowshare, 3, spreading mechanism, 301, shallow spreading pipe, 302, middle spreading pipe, 303, deep spreading pipe, 304, left spreading pipe, 305, right spreading pipe, 306, discharge port, 4, fertilizer box, 41, baffle, 5, traction seat, 6, opening and closing mechanism, 601, fixed column, 602, rotating ring, 603 , extension ring, 604, spiral column, 605, round cover, 7, pretreatment mechanism, 701, toggle shaft, 702, toggle block, 703, toggle plate, 8, suppression mechanism, 801, suppression support plate, 802, buffer, 803, support frame, 804, crankshaft, 805, suppression wheel, 9, loosening mechanism, 901, fixed frame, 902, rotating shaft, 903, loosening tool, 904, motor, 10, bearing plate, 11, hydraulic wheel, 12, aggregate block, 13, buckle, 14, buckle hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0034] First embodiment

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1-6 A soil stratified fertilization device for dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction, comprising: a frame 1;

[0036] A fertilizer tank 4, which is fixedly installed on the top of the frame 1. The fertilizer tank 4 is divided into three spaces by two baffles 41 for placing different kinds of fertilizers.

[0037] A plowing mechanism 2, which is fixedly installed on one side of the fertilizer tank 4. The plowing mechanism 2 includes a cylinder 201. The output end of the cylinder 201 is fixedly connected with a plow support plate 202. A groove 203 is formed on one side of the plow support plate 202. A slide plate 204 fixedly connected with the fertilizer tank 4 is slidably arranged in the groove 203. A deep plow head 205 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the plow support plate 202. Middle plow heads 206 are fixedly installed on both sides of the plow support plate 202.

[0038] A bearing plate 10, which is fixedly installed on one side of the plow support plate 202.

[0039] A spreading mechanism 3, which is fixedly installed in a circular hole formed on the bearing plate 10. The spreading mechanism 3 includes a shallow spreading pipe 301, a middle spreading pipe 302 and a deep spreading pipe 303. The shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302 and the deep spreading pipe 303 are sequentially fixedly installed in the circular hole formed on the bearing plate 10. The bottom end of the middle spreading pipe 302 is respectively communicated with a left spreading pipe 304 and a right spreading pipe 305. Discharge ports 306 are arranged inside the shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302 and the deep spreading pipe 303. The top end of the discharge port 306 is communicated with the fertilizer tank 4. The left spreading pipe 304 and the right spreading pipe 305 are respectively located inside the two middle plow heads 206.

[0040] Four hydraulic wheels 11 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 1. The four hydraulic wheels 11 are used to cooperate with a traction machine to drive the device to move, and are also used to control the overall height of the device during plowing and fertilizing.

[0041] A traction seat 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the frame 1. The traction seat 5 is used to cooperate with a traction machine to drive the device to move through the four hydraulic wheels 11.

[0042] A buckle 13 is arranged on the outer wall of the discharge port 306. The buckle 13 is annularly distributed and has three layers. Buckle holes 14 adapted to the buckle 13 are formed on the surfaces of the shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302 and the deep spreading pipe 303.

[0043] During actual use, the traction seat 5 can be replaced with other shapes to adapt to different traction machines.

[0044] The device plows at two depths. The shallower one is for the wheat mode, and the deeper one is for the corn mode.

[0045] The discharge port 306 corresponding to the shallow layer is thicker, and the other two discharge ports 306 have the same and thinner pipe diameters.

[0046] The shallow layer spreading pipe 301 has the thickest pipe diameter and the shortest length. The middle layer spreading pipe 302 has a medium pipe diameter and medium length and bifurcates into the left spreading pipe 304 and the right spreading pipe 305. The deep layer spreading pipe has the same pipe diameter as the middle layer spreading pipe 302 and the longest length.

[0047] The length of the deep layer spreading pipe 303 is less than the depth of the deep layer plowshare 205.

[0048] The three discharge ports 306 are respectively located in the three spaces of the fertilizer tank 4 divided by the baffle 41.

[0049] The front ends of the two middle layer plowshares 206 plow the land, leaving a space in the middle for placing the left spreading pipe 304 and the right spreading pipe 305. The rear ends are hollow-designed to prevent fertilizers from being carried away during fertilization.

[0050] The two middle layer plowshares 206 and the deep layer plowshare 205 are made of alloy steel with relatively high hardness for plowing.

[0051] The plowing mechanism 2 does not contact the land when the device is not working.

[0052] The working principle of a dry farming farmland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0053] First, manually pre-place fertilizers suitable for different soil depths into the three spaces of the fertilizer tank 4 divided by the two baffles 41. Connect the towing seat 5 with the towing machinery, and adjust the overall height of the device through the hydraulic wheels 11 to adapt to the soil height.

[0054] Then, start the cylinder 201 to drive the plow support plate 202 to move downward. The plow support plate 202 drives the deep layer plowshare 205 and the middle layer plowshare 206 into the corresponding plowing depths, and is secondarily locked by the buckle 13 and the buckle hole 14. Drive the spreading mechanism 3 to move downward through the bearing plate 10.

[0055] Then, the fertilizer enters the shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302, and the deep spreading pipe 303 through three discharge ports 306 respectively. Plowing is carried out by the deep plowshare 205 and two middle plowshares 206. The plow support plate 202 of the plow is secondarily supported by the slide plate 204. The deep spreading pipe 305 spreads the fertilizer in the deepest soil layer. The left spreading pipe 304 and the right spreading pipe 305 are respectively located inside the two middle plowshares 206 to spread the fertilizer in the middle soil layer. The soil plowed out by the two middle plowshares 206 enters the soil and raises the soil. At this time, the fertilizer spread by the shallow spreading pipe 301 on the shallow soil layer will directly fall on the soil plowed out by the middle plowshare 206 to complete the shallow fertilizer spreading.

[0056] Finally, if a corn mode that needs to adapt to the deeper seed planting requirements is to be continued, the cylinder 201 can be started to perform deeper layered fertilization and plowing, and then reset after the work is completed.

[0057] Compared with the related technology, a dry cropland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and interference reduction provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] By setting the deep plowshare 205 and two middle plowshares 206 for plowing, and the shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302, and the deep spreading pipe 303 cooperate to spread fertilizers with different depths and different requirements, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. The annular layered fertilization is beneficial to promoting root development. Reducing the number of surface fertilizations for the second and third times is beneficial to controlling the amount of fertilizer spreading, protecting the farmland, and reducing pollution. Driven by the cylinder 201, layered fertilization with different depth requirements for wheat or corn can be completed. When the shallow spreading pipe 301, the middle spreading pipe 302, and the deep spreading pipe 303 discharge materials at different depths, the surface fertilizer accumulation at the position connected to the discharge port 306 can be removed to avoid crystal blockage and subsequent normal discharge.

[0059] Second Embodiment

[0060] Please refer to Figures 6-8 Based on a dry cropland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and interference reduction provided in the first embodiment of the present application, the second embodiment of the present application proposes another dry cropland soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and interference reduction. The second embodiment is only a preferred mode of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the independent implementation of the first embodiment.

[0061] Specifically, the second embodiment of the present application provides a dryland soil stratification fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction, which is different in that three groups of opening and closing mechanisms 6 are fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate 10, and the three groups of opening and closing mechanisms 6 are respectively adapted to the three discharge ports 306, and the opening and closing mechanism 6 includes a fixed column 601, which is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate 10, and the fixed column 601 passes through the fertilizer box 4 and extends to the inside of the fertilizer box 4, and a spiral column 602 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed column 601, and a rotating ring 603 is arranged on the outside of the fixed column 601, and the protrusion in the rotating ring 603 is adapted to be installed, and an extension ring 604 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating ring 603, and the extension ring 604 passes through the fertilizer box 4 and extends to the outside of the fertilizer box 4, and the rotating ring 603 is fixedly connected with a round cover 605 through a connecting frame, and the round cover 605 is adapted to the discharge port 306.

[0062] The three discharge ports 306 are all rotatably connected to the inside thereof with a pretreatment mechanism 7, and the three groups of the pretreatment mechanism 7 are respectively adapted to the three discharge ports 306, and the pretreatment mechanism 7 includes a toggle shaft 701, one end of the toggle shaft 701 passes through the discharge port 306 and extends to the outside, a toggle block 702 is fixedly installed at one end of the toggle shaft 701 located outside the discharge port 306, and a toggle plate 703 is fixedly installed on the surface of the toggle shaft 701.

[0063] The toggle plate 703 is used to slow down the falling speed of seeds and the toggle plate 703 does not contact the round cover 605 when rotating.

[0064] In actual use, the specific descending depth of the deep plowshare 205 is divided into a wheat mode and a corn mode. The wheat mode has a shallow plowing depth and less fertilizer is spread, while the corn mode has a deep plowing depth and more fertilizer is spread.

[0065] The spiral column 602 is provided with a shell to prevent fertilizer from hindering normal rotation.

[0066] The working principle of the soil stratification fertilization device for dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0067] First, a preliminary manual inspection is performed on farmlands with different degrees of soil barrenness. Farmlands with relatively poor soil are fertilized normally. For farmlands with relatively fertile or normal soil, the toggle block 702 is pre-activated to drive the toggle plate 703 to rotate, and the proportion of fertilizer to be spread can be adjusted at this time.

[0068] Then, the fixed column 601 fixedly installed on the supporting plate 10 descends with the supporting plate 10 and stops at the depth of the wheat mode. At this time, the spiral column 602 drives the round cover 605 to open through the protrusion in the rotating ring 603. At this time, the round cover 306 in the wheat mode is only half opened, and the fertilizer enters the corresponding discharge port 306 for spreading.

[0069] Then, if it is necessary to spread fertilizer on the farmland where corn is planted, the plowing support plate 202 will continue to descend to the depth of the corn mode and then stop. In this mode, the spiral column 602 continues to descend and drives the round cover 605 to open completely. After all of them are opened, more fertilizer can be spread, and at the same time, deeper plowing and correspondingly more fertilizer spreading are completed.

[0070] Compared with the related art, the device for stratified fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0071] By setting the opening and closing of the toggle plate 703, it can adapt to farmlands with soil of different fertility. By setting the spiral column 603 to open half of the round cover 605 or fully open the round cover during the descent to different heights, layered fertilization of two different crops can be carried out. Layered fertilization of wheat or corn can be completed in one device, which saves costs.

[0072] Third embodiment

[0073] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figures 9-10 Based on the first embodiment of the present application, which provides a dryland farmland soil stratification fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction, the third embodiment of the present application proposes another dryland farmland soil stratification fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction. The third embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the third embodiment will not affect the independent implementation of the first embodiment.

[0074] Specifically, the third embodiment of the present application provides a dryland farmland soil stratification fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction. The difference is that a suppression mechanism 8 is fixedly installed on one side of the frame 1, and the suppression mechanism 8 includes a suppression support plate 801, and the suppression support plate 801 is fixedly installed on one side of the frame 1. Buffers 802 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the bottom of the suppression support plate 801, and support frames 803 are fixedly installed on the bottom of the two buffers 802. A crankshaft 804 is fixedly installed inside the support frame 803, and both ends of the crankshaft 804 are rotatably connected to suppression wheels 805.

[0075] A soil loosening mechanism 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 1. The soil loosening mechanism 9 includes a fixing frame 901. The two fixing frames 901 are symmetrically and fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 1. A rotating shaft 902 is rotatably connected between the two fixing frames 901. Three groups of soil loosening cutters 903 are fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating shaft 902. One end of the rotating shaft 902 penetrates through the fixing frame 901 and extends to the outside of the fixing frame 901. A motor 904 is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft 902 outside the fixing frame 901. The motor 904 is fixedly installed on one side of the fixing frame 901 through a bracket.

[0076] Aggregation blocks 12 are symmetrically and fixedly installed on both sides of the fertilizer box 4.

[0077] During actual use, the two pressing wheels 805 incline inward.

[0078] The three groups of soil loosening cutters 903 are equidistantly distributed on the surface of the rotating shaft 902.

[0079] The working principle of a dry farming field soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0080] First, the fertilizer is gathered to the middle through the aggregation blocks 12 on both sides.

[0081] Before the plowing mechanism 2 works, the motor 904 is started to drive the three groups of soil loosening cutters 903 to loosen the soil through the rotating shaft 902.

[0082] After the plowing and spreading are completed, the two pressing wheels 805 immediately fill and compact the soil plowed to the surface, and the buffer member 802 performs buffering to adapt to different heights.

[0083] Compared with the related technology, a dry farming field soil layered fertilization device with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0084] By setting the aggregation blocks 12 to gather the fertilizer to improve the utilization rate, by setting the motor 904 to drive the three groups of soil loosening cutters 903 to loosen the soil, it is convenient for the subsequent plowing mechanism 2 to plow the land. By setting the pressing wheels 805, the soil can be quickly filled and compacted to prevent the fertilizer from volatilizing, and the contact between the seeds and the soil and fertilizer can be improved to increase the germination rate.

[0085] The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and it does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

Claims

1. A soil stratification fertilization device for dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction, characterized in that: include: Framework (1); A fertilizer box (4), the fertilizer box (4) is fixedly mounted on the top of the frame (1), and the fertilizer box (4) is divided into three spaces by two baffles (41) for placing different types of fertilizers; A plowing mechanism (2), the plowing mechanism (2) is fixedly mounted on one side of the fertilizer box (4), the plowing mechanism (2) comprises a cylinder (201), the output end of the cylinder (201) is fixedly connected to a plowing support plate (202), one side of the plowing support plate (202) is provided with a groove (203), a slide plate (204) fixedly connected to the fertilizer box (4) is slidably arranged in the groove (203), a deep plowshare (205) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the plowshare support plate (202), and middle plowshares (206) are fixedly mounted on both sides of the plowshare support plate (202); A bearing plate (10), the bearing plate (10) being fixedly mounted on one side of the plowing support plate (202); A spreading mechanism (3), wherein the spreading mechanism (3) is fixedly installed in a circular hole opened in the bearing plate (10), and the spreading mechanism (3) comprises a shallow spreading pipe (301), a middle spreading pipe (302) and a deep spreading pipe (303), wherein the shallow spreading pipe (301), the middle spreading pipe (302) and the deep spreading pipe (303) are fixedly installed in the circular hole opened in the bearing plate (10) in sequence, and the middle spreading pipe (302) and the deep spreading pipe (303) are fixedly installed in the circular hole opened in the bearing plate (10) in sequence. The bottom ends of the shallow layer spreading pipe (301), the middle layer spreading pipe (302) and the deep layer spreading pipe (303) are respectively connected with a left spreading pipe (304) and a right spreading pipe (305); discharge ports (306) are arranged inside the shallow layer spreading pipe (301), the middle layer spreading pipe (302) and the deep layer spreading pipe (303); the top ends of the discharge ports (306) are connected with the fertilizer box (4); the left spreading pipe (304) and the right spreading pipe (305) are respectively located inside the two middle layer plowshares (206).

2. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland soil with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Four hydraulic wheels (11) are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the frame (1); the four hydraulic wheels (11) are used to cooperate with the traction machinery to drive the device to move; the four hydraulic wheels (11) are also used to control the overall height of the device when plowing and fertilizing.

3. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland soil with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A traction seat (5) is fixedly mounted on the top of the frame (1), and the traction seat (5) is used to cooperate with the traction machinery to drive the device to move through the four hydraulic wheels (11).

4. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the discharge port (306) is provided with buckles (13), the buckles (13) are distributed in an annular shape and are provided with three layers, and the surfaces of the shallow layer spreading pipe (301), the middle layer spreading pipe (302) and the deep layer spreading pipe (303) are all provided with buckle holes (14) adapted to the buckles (13).

5. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland soil with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Three groups of opening and closing mechanisms (6) are fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate (10), and the three groups of opening and closing mechanisms (6) are respectively adapted to the three discharge ports (306). The opening and closing mechanisms (6) include a fixing column (601), and the fixing column (601) is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting plate (10). The fixing column (601) passes through the fertilizer box (4) and extends to the inside of the fertilizer box (4). A spiral column (602) is fixedly installed on the top of the fixing column (601). A rotating ring (603) is arranged outside the fixed column (601), and a protrusion inside the rotating ring (603) is mounted to match the spiral column (602). An extension ring (604) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rotating ring (603), and the extension ring (604) passes through the fertilizer box (4) and extends to the outside of the fertilizer box (4). The rotating ring (603) is fixedly connected to a round cover (605) via a connecting frame, and the round cover (605) is matched with the discharge port (306).

6. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland soil with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The interiors of the three discharge ports (306) are all rotatably connected with a pretreatment mechanism (7), and the three groups of the pretreatment mechanism (7) are respectively adapted to the three discharge ports (306), and the pretreatment mechanism (7) comprises a toggle shaft (701), one end of the toggle shaft (701) passes through the discharge port (306) and extends to the outside, a toggle block (702) is fixedly installed at one end of the toggle shaft (701) located outside the discharge port (306), and a toggle plate (703) is fixedly installed on the surface of the toggle shaft (701).

7. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The toggle plate (703) is used to slow down the falling speed of the seeds and the toggle plate (703) does not contact the round cover (605) when rotating.

8. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A suppression mechanism (8) is fixedly mounted on one side of the frame (1), and the suppression mechanism (8) comprises a suppression support plate (801), the suppression support plate (801) is fixedly mounted on one side of the frame (1), a buffer member (802) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the bottom of the suppression support plate (801), a support frame (803) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the two buffer members (802), a crankshaft (804) is fixedly mounted inside the support frame (803), and suppression wheels (805) are rotatably connected to both ends of the crankshaft (804).

9. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A loosening mechanism (9) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame (1), and the loosening mechanism (9) comprises a fixed frame (901), two fixed frames (901) are symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame (1), a rotating shaft (902) is rotatably connected between the two fixed frames (901), three groups of loosening cutters (903) are fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating shaft (902), one end of the rotating shaft (902) passes through the fixed frame (901) and extends to the outside of the fixed frame (901), and a motor (904) is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating shaft (902) located outside the fixed frame (901), and the motor (904) is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed frame (901) through a bracket.

10. The device for layered fertilization of dryland farmland with fertilizer control and disturbance reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Aggregate blocks (12) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on both sides of the fertilizer box (4).

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