A straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil area

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically to a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas, which includes a combined mounting frame detachably installed on a straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine, and further includes: a temporary storage bin, the temporary storage bin is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame, and a negative-pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further arranged on the temporary storage bin; the displacement adjustment assembly is connected to the temporary storage bin, the discharging distribution assembly is connected to the displacement adjustment assembly, and an outlet one and an outlet two are arranged on the discharging distribution assembly; and an intelligent control system, the intelligent control system is fixedly installed on the combined mounting frame and is respectively connected to the displacement adjustment assembly and the discharging distribution assembly; the straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas of the present invention is beneficial to improving the accuracy of layered deep burial, avoiding problems such as uneven straw decomposition and nutrient release imbalance, and improving the quality and effect of straw returning to the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly to a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas. Background Art

[0002] Straw returning to the field is an important measure to improve soil structure and enhance farmland fertility, especially significant for soil improvement in cinnamon soil areas (heavy and easy to harden). Existing straw deep-burial devices generally include processes such as shredding, conveying, layered deep-burial, and soil covering. Among them, after being shredded, the straw needs to be distributed into preset trenches through a conveying system and buried in layers according to different proportions (such as 60%-70% and 30%-40% for the upper and lower layers respectively) to adapt to the aerobic / anaerobic decomposition environment in cinnamon soil areas. However, the conveying and distribution of shredded straw are the core difficulties of the whole system, and their accuracy directly affects the distribution uniformity of straw, decomposition efficiency, and the final effect of returning to the field. Traditional mechanical conveying is prone to soil mixing or straw accumulation, and the fixed-proportion layered structure is difficult to adapt to different straw types and soil conditions, restricting the quality of returning to the field in cinnamon soil areas.

[0003] In the straw deep-burial system in cinnamon soil areas, the setting of the total amount of straw discharged in the trench and the layered distribution ratio needs to be dynamically adjusted to adapt to changes in various factors such as straw moisture content, soil humidity, bulk density, and microbial activity. For example, high-moisture straw requires reducing the lower-layer burial ratio to prevent too strong an anaerobic environment, while loose cinnamon soil can appropriately increase the total discharge amount to improve the efficiency of organic matter supplementation. However, most traditional devices adopt a fixed discharge structure and cannot respond to the above variables in real time, resulting in insufficient accuracy of layered deep-burial, problems such as uneven straw decomposition and unbalanced nutrient release, and ultimately affecting the effect of returning to the field. Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas to overcome the deficiencies in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas includes a combined mounting frame detachably installed on a straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine, and further includes:

[0007] A temporary storage bin, the temporary storage bin is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame, and a negative-pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further arranged on the temporary storage bin. Among them, the distribution discharging part is composed of a displacement adjustment component, a discharging distribution component, an outlet one, and an outlet two;

[0008] The displacement adjustment component is connected to the temporary storage bin, the discharge distribution component is connected to the displacement adjustment component, and an outlet one and an outlet two are provided on the discharge distribution component;

[0009] The discharge distribution component is used to dynamically distribute straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the outlet one and the outlet two respectively;

[0010] And an intelligent control system, which is fixedly installed on the combined mounting rack and is respectively connected to the displacement adjustment component and the discharge distribution component;

[0011] Wherein, the intelligent control system is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total amount of straw emissions and the layered distribution ratio based on the detection data, so as to realize the precise planning of straw deep burial.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present invention: the negative pressure feeding part includes a variable frequency fan and a conveying joint, and the variable frequency fan is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin;

[0013] And a conveying joint is also provided on the variable frequency fan, which is used to convey the straw crushed by the straw returning and subsoiling machine to the temporary storage bin through an external suction pipe.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present invention: the displacement adjustment component includes:

[0015] A displacement adjustment bin, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and a blanking port is arranged in the middle of the displacement adjustment bin, and the blanking port is communicated with the temporary storage bin;

[0016] A sliding chamber is opened on the displacement adjustment bin, and the number of the sliding chambers is two. The two sliding chambers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment bin, and an opening and retractable plate is arranged in each sliding chamber;

[0017] Wherein, inclined guide surfaces are arranged on one side of the two opening and retractable plates close to each other;

[0018] And an adjustment telescopic part, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and the output end of the adjustment telescopic part is also connected to the opening and retractable plate.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention: it also includes: anti-blocking air grooves, and the number of the anti-blocking air grooves is multiple, and the multiple anti-blocking air grooves are all opened on the opening and retractable plate;

[0020] When the opening and retractable plate retracts into the sliding chamber, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber will be connected to the blanking port through a plurality of anti-blocking air grooves, so as to blow the straw fragments at the inclined diversion surface, and avoid blockage of the blanking port under the disturbance effect;

[0021] And a blowing pipe, the blowing pipe is located on the displacement adjusting bin, and is connected to a plurality of the anti-blocking air grooves through an air duct, and the blowing pipe is also connected to an external air source.

[0022] As a further scheme of the present invention: the discharge distribution assembly includes:

[0023] A discharge distribution adjusting bin, the discharge distribution adjusting bin is fixedly connected to the displacement adjusting bin;

[0024] A driving motor, the driving motor is fixedly installed on the discharge distribution adjusting bin, and a rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the discharge distribution adjusting bin;

[0025] A diversion guide plate, the diversion guide plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the diversion guide plate is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution adjusting bin;

[0026] And an elastic panel, one end of the elastic panel is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guide plate, and the other end of the elastic panel is fixedly installed between the first outlet and the second outlet.

[0027] As a further scheme of the present invention: it further includes: a direction-changing feeding member, the direction-changing feeding member is located at the top end of the diversion guide plate, wherein, an elastic detector for controlling the start of the direction-changing feeding member is also arranged on the diversion guide plate;

[0028] And a commutation control assembly, the commutation control assembly is connected to the discharge distribution adjusting bin, and is communicated with the sliding chamber, and the commutation control assembly is also detachably connected to the elastic detector.

[0029] As a further scheme of the present invention: the commutation control assembly includes:

[0030] A telescopic chamber, the telescopic chamber is located on the discharge distribution adjusting bin, and a driving telescopic block is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber, wherein, one side surface of the driving telescopic block is an inclined surface pressing part, and the inclined surface pressing part is detachably connected to the elastic detector;

[0031] Wherein, the inclined surface pressing part gradually becomes wider from the middle to both ends. When the middle part of the inclined surface pressing part is directly opposite to the elastic detector, the elastic detector does not contact the inclined surface pressing part. When the diversion guide plate drives the elastic detector to rotate and gradually approaches the end part of the inclined surface pressing part, the elastic detector contacts the inclined surface pressing part;

[0032] A return spring, with both ends of the return spring respectively connected to the telescopic chamber and the driving telescopic block;

[0033] And a connecting pipe, with one end of the connecting pipe communicating with the telescopic chamber and the other end of the connecting pipe communicating with the sliding chamber;

[0034] When the opening and closing telescopic plate moves outward in the sliding chamber, a part of the air in the sliding chamber will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber through the connecting pipe and generates a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block. At this time, the driving telescopic block overcomes the pulling force of the return spring and makes the inclined surface pressing part contact the elastic detector.

[0035] As a further scheme of the present invention: the intelligent control system includes a parameter detection module, a decision-making control module, an execution and adjustment module, and a human-computer interaction module;

[0036] Wherein:

[0037] The parameter detection module is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making;

[0038] The decision-making control module dynamically calculates the total straw emission amount and the layered distribution ratio based on the detected data, and accurately plans the key indicators for deep burying straw;

[0039] The execution and adjustment module adjusts the straw conveying flow rate and spatial distribution according to the control instruction, and converts the decision into actual operation actions;

[0040] The human-computer interaction module provides a parameter display and an artificial intervention interface, facilitating the operator to monitor and control the system.

[0041] As a further scheme of the present invention: the parameter detection module includes:

[0042] A straw characteristic detection unit, including a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device, for detecting the key physical and chemical characteristic parameters of the straw itself;

[0043] A soil parameter detection unit, equipped with a layered humidity sensor and a bulk density measuring device, for collecting soil humidity and bulk density data of different soil layers.

[0044] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the decision-making control module, the calculation of the total emission amount Q adopts a multivariable coupling model of straw moisture content , soil bulk density ρ and crop type coefficient k1 as follows:

[0045] ;

[0046] Among them, k1 is the crop type coefficient (with different values for different crops, used to reflect the impact of crop characteristics on straw emissions); ρ is the soil bulk density; is the moisture content of the straw;

[0047] The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces the feedback compensation of the layered humidity ωa^ and the conveying resistance F:

[0048] Ra^ = 0.35 + 0.01(ωa^ - 20) - 0.008(F - 1000);

[0049] Among them, ωa^ is the soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the conveying resistance;

[0050] In the execution adjustment module, the relationship between the rotational speed n of the variable frequency fan and the target total emission Q is:

[0051] ;

[0052] Among them, Q min is the minimum target emission, Q max is the maximum target emission, Q is the currently calculated target total emission, and n is the rotational speed of the variable frequency fan.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] During the agricultural machinery operation process, as the traction device drives the straw returning and subsoiling machine to move forward, the crushing knife will crush the straw. At the same time, under the control of the negative pressure feeding part, the crushed straw will be conveyed into the temporary storage bin. Among them, both ends of the temporary storage bin are provided with covers for processing the equipment and residual straw fragments in the temporary storage bin. After the straw fragments gather in the temporary storage bin, through the set intelligent control system, it is used to obtain the straw physical characteristics, soil parameters, and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total straw emission amount and the layered distribution ratio based on the detection data. At this time, control mechanical structures such as the displacement adjustment component and the discharge distribution component act simultaneously, so that the qualified straw fragments are respectively discharged to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the first outlet and the second outlet. Finally, the covering equipment on the straw returning and subsoiling machine buries and compacts them, thus ensuring the precise planning of deep burying of straw. The operation is simple, and it can dynamically adjust the setting of the total straw emission amount and the layered distribution ratio in the trench according to the changes of various factors such as the moisture content of the straw, soil humidity, bulk density, and microbial activity, which is beneficial to improving the precision of layered deep burying, avoiding problems such as uneven straw decomposition and unbalanced nutrient release, and finally improving the quality and effect of straw returning to the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the temporary storage bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 Schematic partial sectional view of the combined mounting bracket in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the displacement adjustment bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 4 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the emission distribution adjustment bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 Schematic sectional view of the opening and retractable plate in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 6 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the anti-blocking air groove distribution in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 7 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the sliding chamber in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 8 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the diversion guide plate in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 9 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the direction-changing feeding member in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the distribution position structure of the inclined surface pushing part in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 11 Schematic three-dimensional structure view of the driving retractable block in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] In the figure: 1 - combined mounting bracket, 2 - intelligent control system, 3 - temporary storage bin, 4 - variable frequency blower, 5 - conveying joint, 6 - cover plate, 7 - emission distribution adjustment bin, 8 - adjustment retractable member, 9 - driving motor, 10 - corner detector, 11 - displacement adjustment bin, 12 - outlet one, 13 - retractable chamber, 14 - connecting pipe, 15 - outlet two, 16 - blowing pipe, 17 - opening and retractable plate, 18 - anti-blocking air groove, 19 - feeding port, 20 - inclined guiding surface, 21 - sliding chamber, 22 - rotating shaft, 23 - diversion guide plate, 24 - elastic panel, 25 - direction-changing feeding member, 26 - driving retractable block, 27 - elastic detector, 28 - inclined surface pushing part, 29 - return spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0067] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0069] Please refer to Figures 1-11 , a straw deep-burial device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a combined mounting frame 1 detachably mounted on a straw returning and subsoiling machine, and further includes:

[0070] A temporary storage bin 3, the temporary storage bin 3 is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame 1, and a negative pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further arranged on the temporary storage bin 3. Among them, the distribution discharging part is composed of a discharge amount adjusting component, a discharge distribution component, an outlet one 12 and an outlet two 15;

[0071] The discharge amount adjusting component is connected to the temporary storage bin 3, the discharge distribution component is connected to the discharge amount adjusting component, and an outlet one 12 and an outlet two 15 are arranged on the discharge distribution component;

[0072] The discharge distribution component is used to dynamically distribute straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15 respectively; among them, the setting of the straw stratified distribution ratio needs to be combined with soil characteristics and decomposition requirements. Generally speaking, for the upper layer of the trench of 20-25 cm, the distribution ratio is 60%-70%, and for the lower layer of the trench of 25-40 cm, the distribution ratio is 30%-40%.

[0073] And an intelligent control system 2, the intelligent control system 2 is fixedly installed on the combined mounting frame 1 and is respectively connected to the discharge amount adjusting component and the discharge distribution component;

[0074] Among them, the intelligent control system 2 is used to obtain the physical characteristics of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total straw discharge amount and the stratified distribution ratio based on the detection data to realize the precise planning of straw deep burial.

[0075] During the operation of agricultural machinery, as the traction equipment drives the straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine forward, the crushing knives will crush the straw. At the same time, under the control of the negative pressure feeding part, the crushed straw will be conveyed into the temporary storage bin 3. Among them, covers 6 are arranged at both ends of the temporary storage bin 3 for processing the equipment and residual straw fragments in the temporary storage bin 3. After the straw fragments gather in the temporary storage bin 3, through the set intelligent control system 2, it is used to obtain the physical properties of the straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total straw emission volume and the layered distribution ratio based on the detection data. At this time, mechanical structures such as the displacement adjustment component and the discharge distribution component are controlled to act simultaneously, so that the qualified straw fragments are discharged to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15 respectively. Finally, the covering equipment on the straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine is used for burying and compacting, so as to ensure accurate planning of deep straw burial. The operation is simple, and it can dynamically adjust the setting of the total straw emission volume and the layered distribution ratio in the trench according to the changes of various factors such as the moisture content of the straw, soil humidity, bulk density and microbial activity, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of layered deep burial, avoiding problems such as uneven straw decomposition and nutrient release imbalance, and finally improving the quality and effect of straw returning to the field.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 , the negative pressure feeding part includes a variable frequency blower 4 and a conveying joint 5, and the variable frequency blower 4 is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin 3;

[0077] And a conveying joint 5 is also arranged on the variable frequency blower 4 for conveying the crushed straw of the straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine into the temporary storage bin 3 through an external suction pipe.

[0078] The displacement adjustment component includes:

[0079] A displacement adjustment bin 11, the displacement adjustment bin 11 is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin 3, and a blanking port 19 is arranged in the middle of the displacement adjustment bin 11, and the blanking port 19 is communicated with the temporary storage bin 3;

[0080] A sliding chamber 21 is opened on the displacement adjustment bin 11, and the number of the sliding chambers 21 is two. The two sliding chambers 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment bin 11. An opening expansion plate 17 is arranged in each sliding chamber 21, and the opening expansion plate 17 is of a T-shaped structure;

[0081] Wherein, inclined guiding surfaces 20 are arranged on one side of the two opening expansion plates 17 close to each other;

[0082] And an adjusting expansion member 8, the adjusting expansion member 8 is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin 3, and the output end of the adjusting expansion member 8 is also connected to one end of the opening expansion plate 17.

[0083] It further includes: anti-clogging air grooves 18, the number of the anti-clogging air grooves 18 is multiple, and the multiple anti-clogging air grooves 18 are all formed on the opening expansion plate 17;

[0084] When the opening expansion plate 17 contracts into the sliding chamber 21, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber 21 will be communicated with the blanking port 19 through the multiple anti-clogging air grooves 18, so as to blow the straw fragments at the inclined diversion surface 20, and avoid the blockage of the blanking port 19 under the disturbance effect;

[0085] And a blow pipe 16, the blow pipe 16 is located on the displacement adjustment bin 11, is communicated with the multiple anti-clogging air grooves 18 through an air duct, and the blow pipe 16 is also communicated with an external air source.

[0086] After the straw is crushed, it will enter the temporary storage bin 3 through a suction pipe (φ200mm corrugated pipe) and a conveying joint 5, and through the detection of the intelligent control system 2 and the change of the execution conditions, the working power of the variable frequency fan 4 can be adjusted, so as to save resources while ensuring a sufficient supply of straw fragments. In addition, through the control of the intelligent control system 2, the adjustment expansion member 8 can be put into work at the same time. Among them, the adjustment expansion member 8 can adopt a conventional driving method such as electric expansion or hydraulic expansion to drive the opening expansion plate 17 to move in the sliding chamber 21, so as to change the distance between the two oppositely arranged opening expansion plates 17. When the distance between the two changes, the total discharge amount of the straw fragments is controlled. In addition, when the distance between the two opening expansion plates 17 increases, the required discharge amount also increases. At this time, to avoid blockage and other situations at the blanking port 19, when the opening expansion plate 17 contracts into the sliding chamber 21, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber 21 will be communicated with the blanking port 19 through the multiple anti-clogging air grooves 18 (since the inclined diversion surface 20 is an inclined structure, when a part of the inclined diversion surface 20 enters the sliding chamber 21, and the sliding chamber 21 is a square structure, the inclined diversion surface 20 will form a certain angle with the sliding chamber 21, and the air flow will blow to the surface of the inclined diversion surface 20 through the anti-clogging air grooves 18 and this angle, so as to form a turbulent flow effect), so as to blow the straw fragments on the inclined diversion surface 20, so as to avoid the blockage of the blanking port 19 under the air flow disturbance effect and ensure the discharge speed.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 , the discharge distribution assembly includes:

[0088] A discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7 is fixedly connected to the displacement adjustment bin 11;

[0089] A driving motor 9, the driving motor 9 is fixedly installed on the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, and a rotating shaft 22 is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor 9, and the rotating shaft 22 is rotatably installed in the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7;

[0090] A diversion guide plate 23, the diversion guide plate 23 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 22, and the diversion guide plate 23 is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7;

[0091] And an elastic panel 24, one end of the elastic panel 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guide plate 23, and the other end of the elastic panel 24 is fixedly installed between the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15.

[0092] It further includes: a direction-changing feeding member 25, the direction-changing feeding member 25 is located at the top end of the diversion guide plate 23, wherein, an elastic detector 27 for controlling the start of the direction-changing feeding member 25 is further arranged on the diversion guide plate 23;

[0093] And a commutation control assembly, the commutation control assembly is connected to the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, communicates with the sliding chamber 21, and the commutation control assembly is also detachably connected to the elastic detector 27.

[0094] The commutation control assembly includes:

[0095] A telescopic chamber 13, the telescopic chamber 13 is located on the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, and a driving telescopic block 26 is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber 13, wherein, one side surface of the driving telescopic block 26 is an inclined surface pressing part 28, and the inclined surface pressing part 28 is detachably connected to the elastic detector 27;

[0096] Wherein, the inclined surface pressing part 28 gradually widens from the middle to both ends. When the middle part of the inclined surface pressing part 28 is directly opposite to the elastic detector 27, the elastic detector 27 is not in contact with the inclined surface pressing part 28. When the diversion guide plate 23 drives the elastic detector 27 to rotate and gradually approaches the end part of the inclined surface pressing part 28, the elastic detector 27 comes into contact with the inclined surface pressing part 28;

[0097] A return spring 29, both ends of the return spring 29 are respectively connected to the telescopic chamber 13 and the driving telescopic block 26;

[0098] And a connecting pipe 14, one end of the connecting pipe 14 communicates with the telescopic chamber 13, and the other end of the connecting pipe 14 communicates with the sliding chamber 21;

[0099] When the opening and retractable plate 17 moves outward in the sliding chamber 21, a part of the air in the sliding chamber 21 will be compressed, so that the air enters the retractable chamber 13 through the connecting pipe 14 and exerts a pushing effect on the driving retractable block 26. At this time, the driving retractable block 26 overcomes the pulling force of the return spring 29 and makes the inclined surface pushing part 28 contact the elastic detector 27.

[0100] Under the control of the intelligent control system 2, the driving motor 9 will be started, which can drive the rotating shaft 22 to rotate, and the angle detector 10 will detect the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 22, so as to form a feedback value for the intelligent control system 2 to achieve the purpose of real-time adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 22. During the rotation of the rotating shaft 22, the shunt guiding plate 23 will be driven to rotate synchronously. At this time, the elastic panel 24 will be in a stretched state. Among them, the length of the elastic panel 24 is slightly larger to enable the shunt guiding plate 23 to rotate smoothly and block the bottom end of the shunt guiding plate 23, so that the straw fragments entering both sides of the shunt guiding plate 23 can smoothly enter the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15, avoiding leakage of raw materials between the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15 and affecting the accuracy of distribution and emission. In addition, the top end of the shunt guiding plate 23 can divide the opening of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 into two parts, and the straw fragments enter the two spaces composed of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 and the shunt guiding plate 23 through the two parts of the opening respectively, and finally discharge the straw fragments to different parts of the trench through the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15. Under the control of the intelligent control system 2, as the shunt guiding plate 23 rotates, the ratio of the sizes of the two parts of the opening at the top of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 can be changed, so as to change the amount of straw fragments entering the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15, and finally, according to the demand, the straw can be deeply buried according to a certain distribution ratio to ensure the quality and effect of land preparation;

[0101] In addition, after the diverter guide plate 23 has finished rotating, a portion of the inlet with a smaller opening at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 may be blocked, thereby affecting the smooth discharge of the material. At this time, under the detection of the angle detector 10, when the diverter guide plate 23 rotates a certain angle, the reversing feeding member 25 will be controlled to start, wherein the reversing feeding member 25 may be composed of a toggle roller and a motor that drives the toggle roller to rotate forward and reverse, so that the toggle roller rotates in the direction of the smaller opening, thereby pushing the straw fragments smoothly into the space formed by the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 and the diverter guide plate 23, thereby achieving the purpose of smoothly discharging the material, especially in the case of increasing the total displacement, even if When the smaller inlet of the top opening of the discharge distribution regulating chamber 7 does not reach the smaller size, the smaller inlet may also be blocked due to the increase in displacement. At this time, due to the increase in the spacing between the two opening telescopic plates 17, when the discharge distribution regulating chamber 7 moves outward in the sliding chamber 21, a part of the air in the sliding chamber 21 will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber 13 through the connecting pipe 14 and exerts a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block 26. At this time, the driving telescopic block 26 overcomes the pulling force of the return spring 29 and makes the inclined surface pushing portion 28 contact the elastic detector 27 (the elastic detector 27 can be formed by a pressure sensor, and in the elastic A roller or ball is provided at the end surface of the detector 27 to reduce the friction force when the inclined surface pushing part 28 contacts the elastic detector 27. Other existing technologies may also be used. For example, the end surface of the elastic detector 27 may be in the form of a smooth curved surface. Under the pushing action of the inclined surface pushing part 28, the elastic detector 27 may be slightly deformed to avoid rigid contact and leave a margin for the subsequent telescopic movement of the inclined surface pushing part 28. (No further details are given here.) When the elastic detector 27 detects that the pressure reaches the set value, even if the smaller inlet at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 does not reach the smaller size, the reversing feeding part 25 will be controlled to start, thereby ensuring the smooth discharge of the material. Among them, the inclined pushing portion 28 gradually widens from the middle to the two ends. When the middle of the inclined pushing portion 28 is facing the elastic detector 27, the elastic detector 27 is not in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28. When the diverter guide plate 23 drives the elastic detector 27 to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined pushing portion 28, the elastic detector 27 is in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28. When the elastic detector 27 is in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28, at this time, the smaller inlet opening at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 has reached the set smaller size. At this time, even if the total discharge volume at the discharge port 19 is small, the change-direction feeding piece 25 will be started to assist the smaller inlet feeding, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the discharge volume.

[0102] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 1-11 , the intelligent control system 2 includes a parameter detection module, a decision control module, an execution adjustment module and a human-computer interaction module;

[0103] Among them:

[0104] The parameter detection module is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making;

[0105] The decision-making and control module dynamically calculates the total straw emission and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data, and accurately plans the key indicators for deep burial of straw;

[0106] The execution and adjustment module adjusts the straw conveying flow rate and spatial distribution according to the control instruction, transforming the decision into actual operation actions;

[0107] The human-computer interaction module provides an interface for parameter display and manual intervention, facilitating operators to monitor and control the system.

[0108] The said parameter detection module includes:

[0109] The straw property detection unit includes a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device (carbon-nitrogen ratio), detecting the key physical and chemical property parameters of the straw itself;

[0110] The soil parameter detection unit is equipped with a hierarchical humidity sensor and a bulk density measurement device, collecting soil humidity and bulk density data of different soil layers.

[0111] In the said decision-making and control module, the calculation of the total straw fragment emission Q uses a multivariable coupling model of straw moisture content , soil bulk density ρ and crop type coefficient k1 as follows:

[0112] ;

[0113] Among them, k1 is the crop type coefficient (different values for different crops, used to reflect the influence of crop characteristics on straw emissions); ρ is the soil bulk density; is the straw moisture content; this formula accurately calculates the total straw emission Q by integrating multiple factors;

[0114] The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces the feedback compensation of hierarchical humidity ωa^ and conveying resistance F:

[0115] Ra^ = 0.35 + 0.01(ωa^ - 20) - 0.008(F - 1000);

[0116] Among them, ωa^ is the soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the conveying resistance; this formula adjusts the lower layer straw distribution ratio according to the real-time detected soil humidity and conveying resistance, making the straw hierarchical distribution more scientific and reasonable;

[0117] In the said execution and adjustment module, the relationship between the rotational speed n of the variable-frequency fan 4 and the target total emission Q is:

[0118] ;

[0119] wherein, Q min is the minimum target emission, Q max is the maximum target emission, Q is the currently calculated total target emission, and n is the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan 4. Through this formula, the variable-frequency fan 4 can adjust its rotational speed according to the target emission to accurately control the total amount of straw transported.

[0120] The moisture content detection sensor is a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor, which is installed 30 - 50 cm away from the straw inlet, and the detection wavelength range is 900 - 1700 nm. This position and wavelength range setting can effectively and accurately detect the moisture content of the straw. The C / N ratio estimation device is associated with the preset crop type database through the straw moisture content for calculation, and the calculation formula is:

[0121] ;

[0122] wherein, k1 is the crop type coefficient (k1 = 75 for wheat, k1 = 45 for corn); is the straw moisture content. This formula estimates the C / N ratio based on the moisture content and crop type, providing important straw characteristic parameters for the straw deep burial operation.

[0123] In the soil parameter detection unit, the layered humidity sensor is a TDR time domain reflectometer, and the probes are vertically arranged behind the furrow opener, with detection depths of 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm respectively. This arrangement method and detection depth setting can comprehensively obtain the soil humidity information of different soil layers. The bulk density measuring device is a cone penetrometer, and the conversion formula between its penetration resistance R and soil bulk density ρ is:

[0124] ;

[0125] wherein, R min = 50 kPa, which is the minimum penetration resistance; R max = 200 kPa, which is the maximum penetration resistance; R is the actually measured penetration resistance; ρ is the soil bulk density. This formula calculates the soil bulk density through the measured penetration resistance, providing soil physical property parameters for decision-making control.

[0126] The present invention also sets up a fault tolerance mechanism. When the humidity sensor fails, an estimation model based on the surface humidity ωa^ and bulk density ρ is enabled:

[0127] ωa^ = 0.7ωa^ + 0.3(25 + 10(1.3 - ρ));

[0128] Among them, ωa^ is the surface soil moisture; ρ is the soil bulk density; ωa^ is the estimated soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm. This formula estimates the deep soil moisture through other measurable parameters when the humidity sensor fails, maintaining the operation of some functions of the system.

[0129] In the human-machine interaction module, three control modes are provided: full automatic, semi-automatic (preset ratio), and manual debugging, meeting the requirements of different operation scenarios and operators.

[0130] The thermal map of the straw distribution in the trench cross-section is displayed in real time, and the relationship between the color depth and the density δ is

[0131] ;

[0132] Among them, δ is the straw density (the value range is from 0 to 1, 0 means no straw, and 1 means the maximum straw density); RGB is the color value. Through this formula, the corresponding color value is generated according to the straw density, and the straw distribution in the trench cross-section is intuitively displayed in the form of a thermal map, facilitating the operator to understand the straw distribution state.

[0133] Therefore, in the straw deep-burial operation in the cinnamon soil area, the operation process of the intelligent control system 2 is tight and efficient, bringing many direct and additional technical effects to the straw deep-burial work.

[0134] After the system is started, the parameter detection module starts to operate. The straw property detection unit precisely detects the straw moisture content through a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor at a specific position above the conveyor belt at the outlet of the crusher. At the same time, in combination with the preset crop type database, it estimates the C / N ratio of the straw, enabling the operator to clearly master the physical and chemical properties of the straw. This not only helps to accurately plan the amount of straw deep-burial but also provides a scientific basis for subsequent soil fertility improvement because straws with different C / N ratios have different effects on soil nutrients during decomposition in the soil. The soil parameter detection unit uses a TDR time-domain reflectometer and a cone penetrometer to detect the soil moisture and bulk density at different depths behind the furrow opener, providing comprehensive soil physical property data for the decision-making control module to ensure that the straw deep-burial operation can be reasonably arranged under different soil conditions, directly improving the adaptability of the operation to the soil environment. The operation state detection unit monitors data such as conveying resistance in real time to ensure the system's dynamic control of the operation process, promptly discovers potential problems, and avoids affecting the straw deep-burial progress due to equipment abnormalities.

[0135] After receiving the data transmitted by the parameter detection module, the decision control module quickly conducts operations. Based on the straw characteristics, soil parameters, and crop types, it accurately calculates the total straw emissions, ensuring that the straw input can meet the soil improvement requirements without causing resource waste. This is the direct effect brought by the system. At the same time, this module combines the deep soil humidity and transportation resistance to scientifically determine the distribution ratio of straw in the upper and lower layers, making the straw distribution in the soil more uniform and reasonable, providing a suitable living environment for soil microorganisms, and accelerating straw decomposition. This process not only directly optimizes the layering effect of deep straw burial but also additionally achieves the effect of promoting the healthy cycle of the soil ecosystem.

[0136] The execution and adjustment module acts according to the instructions of the decision control module. The variable-frequency fan 4 accurately adjusts its speed according to the set target to achieve precise control of the total straw transportation volume, ensuring that each operation area can receive an appropriate amount of straw, directly improving the operation accuracy. The discharge distribution component distributes the straw into the trench according to the required flow rate and spatial distribution by changing the opening size and distribution ratio according to the planned lower-layer distribution ratio, ensuring that the straw distribution in different soil layers conforms to the previous plan. This not only directly guarantees the layering quality of deep straw burial but also indirectly promotes the balanced distribution of nutrients at different soil depths, facilitating the crop roots to absorb appropriate nutrients at different soil layers and having a positive impact on crop growth.

[0137] The human-machine interaction module runs through the entire operation process, providing three control modes to meet the needs of different operators and operation scenarios, directly improving the usability and flexibility of the system. At the same time, this module displays the thermal map of straw distribution in the trench cross-section in real time. The operator can intuitively understand the straw distribution status, promptly discover problems such as uneven distribution and conduct manual intervention to avoid affecting the soil improvement effect due to unreasonable straw distribution. This not only directly guarantees the operation quality but also additionally reduces the later rework cost through timely error correction and improves the overall operation efficiency.

[0138] In the human-machine interaction module, the three provided control modes cooperate closely with each part of the system. In the full-automatic mode, the system automatically calculates the total straw emissions and the layering distribution ratio through the decision control module based on the straw physical characteristics, soil parameters, and operation status data collected in real time by the parameter detection module, and then instructs the execution and adjustment module to control the speed of the variable-frequency fan 4, the displacement adjustment component, and the discharge distribution component to act, realizing fully automated operation. It is applicable to large areas with uniform soil conditions and can efficiently complete the task of deep straw burial.

[0139] The semi-automatic (preset ratio) mode allows operators to preset the straw layer distribution ratio in the human-machine interface. The system combines data such as the moisture content of the straw and the soil bulk density detected in real time, determines the total straw discharge through the decision control module, and commands the execution adjustment module to adjust the operation of the equipment, taking into account the operator's experience and the system's intelligent operation. It is applicable to scenarios where the soil conditions vary and there are specific requirements for straw layering.

[0140] The manual debugging mode gives the operator the right to directly control the execution adjustment module. The operator can manually adjust the speed of the variable-frequency fan 4 and the opening of the displacement adjustment component in the human-machine interface to control the total amount of straw conveyed, and directly control the discharge distribution component to adjust the straw layering ratio. Based on the data of the parameter detection module and the feedback of the straw distribution heat map, the operator can accurately respond to special operating conditions, such as special local soil structures or abnormal straw characteristics, providing flexibility and accuracy for operations in complex scenarios.

[0141] In addition, the system's fault tolerance mechanism also plays an important role. When the humidity sensor fails, the system can estimate the deep soil humidity using the surface humidity and soil bulk density, maintaining partial function operation. This not only directly ensures the continuity of the operation, avoiding long-term downtime due to equipment failures, but also indirectly reduces risks such as soil moisture evaporation and trench collapse that may be caused by operation interruptions, ensuring the smooth progress of the straw deep burial operation.

[0142] It should be noted that in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "sliding", "rotating", "fixing", "equipped with" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a welded connection, a bolt connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0143] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil area, comprising a combined mounting frame detachably mounted on a straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine, characterized in that, It further includes: A temporary storage bin, which is fixedly connected to the combined mounting rack, and a negative pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further provided on the temporary storage bin. Among them, the distribution discharging part is composed of a displacement adjusting component, a discharging distribution component, an outlet one and an outlet two; The displacement adjusting component is connected to the temporary storage bin, the discharging distribution component is connected to the displacement adjusting component, and an outlet one and an outlet two are provided on the discharging distribution component; The discharging distribution component is used to dynamically distribute straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the outlet one and the outlet two respectively; And an intelligent control system, which is fixedly installed on the combined mounting rack and is respectively connected to the displacement adjusting component and the discharging distribution component; Among them, the intelligent control system is used to obtain the physical characteristics of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total straw discharge amount and the stratified distribution ratio based on the detection data to achieve precise planning for deep burial of straw; The displacement adjusting component includes: a displacement adjusting bin, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and a feeding port is arranged in the middle of the displacement adjusting bin, and the feeding port is communicated with the temporary storage bin; A sliding chamber, which is opened on the displacement adjusting bin, and the number of the sliding chambers is two. The two sliding chambers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement adjusting bin, and an opening and retractable plate is arranged in each sliding chamber; Among them, inclined guiding surfaces are arranged on one side of the two opening and retractable plates close to each other; And an adjusting and retractable member, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and the output end of the adjusting and retractable member is also connected to the opening and retractable plate; The discharging distribution component includes: a discharge distribution adjusting bin, which is fixedly connected to the displacement adjusting bin; A driving motor, which is fixedly installed on the discharge distribution adjusting bin, and a rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the discharge distribution adjusting bin; A diversion guiding plate, which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the diversion guiding plate is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution adjusting bin; And an elastic panel, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guiding plate, and the other end of the elastic panel is fixedly installed between the outlet one and the outlet two; It further includes: a direction-changing feeding member, which is located at the top end of the diversion guiding plate. Among them, an elastic detector for controlling the start of the direction-changing feeding member is also arranged on the diversion guiding plate; And a commutation control component, which is connected to the discharge distribution adjusting bin, is communicated with the sliding chamber, and the commutation control component is also detachably connected to the elastic detector; The commutation control component includes: a telescopic chamber, which is located on the discharge distribution adjusting bin, and a driving telescopic block is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber. Among them, one side surface of the driving telescopic block is a slope pushing part, and the slope pushing part is detachably connected to the elastic detector; Among them, the inclined surface pressing part gradually widens from the middle to both ends. When the elastic detector is directly opposite to the middle of the inclined surface pressing part, the elastic detector does not contact the inclined surface pressing part. When the shunting and guiding plate drives the elastic detector to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined surface pressing part, the elastic detector contacts the inclined surface pressing part; A return spring, with both ends of the return spring respectively connected to the telescopic chamber and the driving telescopic block; And a connecting pipe, one end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the telescopic chamber, and the other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the sliding chamber; When the opening and closing telescopic plate moves outward in the sliding chamber, a part of the air in the sliding chamber will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber through the connecting pipe and generates a pressing action on the driving telescopic block. At this time, the driving telescopic block overcomes the pulling force of the return spring and makes the inclined surface pressing part contact the elastic detector.

2. The straw deep-burial device in the cinnamon soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure feeding part includes a frequency conversion fan and a conveying joint, and the frequency conversion fan is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin; And a conveying joint is also arranged on the frequency conversion fan, which is used to convey the straw crushed by the straw returning and subsoiling machine to the temporary storage bin through an external suction pipe.

3. The straw deep burial device in the cinnamon soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: Anti-blocking air grooves, the number of the anti-blocking air grooves is multiple, and multiple anti-blocking air grooves are all opened on the opening and closing telescopic plate; When the opening and closing telescopic plate contracts into the sliding chamber, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber will be communicated with the feeding port through multiple anti-blocking air grooves, so as to blow the straw fragments at the inclined diversion surface, and avoid the blockage of the feeding port under the disturbance; And a blowing pipe, the blowing pipe is located on the discharge regulating bin, is communicated with multiple anti-blocking air grooves through the air duct, and the blowing pipe is also communicated with an external air source.

4. The straw deep burial device in the cinnamon soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system includes a parameter detection module, a decision-making control module, an execution and adjustment module and a human-computer interaction module; Among them: The parameter detection module is used to obtain the straw physical characteristics, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making; The decision-making control module dynamically calculates the total straw emission amount and the layered distribution ratio based on the detection data, and accurately plans the key indicators for deep burial of straw; The execution and adjustment module adjusts the straw conveying flow rate and spatial distribution according to the control instruction, and transforms the decision-making into actual operation actions; The human-computer interaction module provides a parameter display and an artificial intervention interface, which is convenient for operators to monitor and control the system.

5. The straw deep-burial device in the cinnamon soil area according to claim 4, characterized in that The parameter detection module includes: A straw characteristic detection unit, including a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device, which detects the key physical and chemical characteristic parameters of the straw itself; A soil parameter detection unit, equipped with a layered humidity sensor and a bulk density measuring device, which collects the soil humidity and bulk density data of different soil layers.

6. The cinnamon soil area straw deep burial device according to claim 5, characterized in that In the decision control module, the total emissions Q are calculated using a multivariable coupling model of the straw moisture content , the soil bulk density ρ, and the crop type coefficient k1 as follows: ； Among them, k1 is the crop type coefficient, which takes different values for different crops and is used to reflect the impact of crop characteristics on straw emissions; ρ is the soil bulk density; is the moisture content of straw; The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces the feedback compensation of the layered humidity ωa^ and the conveying resistance F: Ra^ = 0.35 + 0.01(ωa^ - 20) - 0.008(F - 1000); Among them, ωa^ is the soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the conveying resistance; In the execution and adjustment module, the relationship between the rotation speed n of the frequency conversion fan and the target total emission amount Q is: ； Among them, Q min is the minimum target emission, Q max is the maximum target emission, Q is the currently calculated total target emission, and n is the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan.

Images