Centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle. The centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device comprises a bracket, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer feeding device and a fertilizer spreading device, the fertilizer box and the fertilizer feeding device are arranged at the upper end of the bracket; the fertilizer spreading device is arranged at the lower end of the bracket; the fertilizer feeding device comprises a first shell, a fertilizer feeding mechanism arranged in the first shell and a fertilizer feeding driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer feeding mechanism to work; the fertilizer spreading device comprises a second shell, a fertilizer falling mechanism arranged in the second shell, a fertilizer spreading mechanism and a fertilizer spreading driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer spreading mechanism to work. According to the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for the agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle, fertilizer particles can be continuously and stably conveyed to the centrifugal disc, and the fertilizer spreading pulsability of a machine tool is reduced; meanwhile, the falling point of fertilizer particles falling on the centrifugal disc is adjusted, the randomness of fertilizer spreading is reduced, and the fertilization uniformity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the primary goal of the domestic rice fertilization policy has been to achieve "reducing fertilizer amount and increasing efficiency". To achieve this goal, reliable fertilization technologies and fertilization machines are required to ensure reasonable fertilization. Therefore, it is necessary to support appropriate fertilizer spreading machines to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers while realizing the precise delivery of fertilizers.

[0003] Currently, the fertilizer spreading technologies based on agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles include four types: pneumatic type, swing tube type, fluted roller type, and disc type. Among them, the disc type fertilizer spreader is widely used in the market due to its advantages of good versatility, high working efficiency, and wide application range. However, during the process of spreading fertilizers by the existing disc type fertilizer spreading machines, the fertilizer particles make a flat throw motion in the direction perpendicular to the blade after being struck by the disc blades. Since the positions and times of the fertilizer particles falling on the disc are different, the striking directions of the fertilizer particles by the blades are different, and the total amount of fertilizer spread per unit time is also different. Therefore, the fertilizer spreading process has great randomness and uneven fertilizer spreading. In addition, the existing disc type fertilizer distributors have defects such as a small effective spreading width, low fertilizer spreading uniformity, and easy occurrence of repeated fertilization; during the rice planting process, if the fertilization amount is uneven, the field fertility will be unbalanced, and the amount of fertilizers absorbed by the rice seedlings will be different, resulting in differences in the growth of the seedlings and ultimately affecting the overall rice yield and quality.

[0004] Therefore, developing a disc type fertilizer spreading machine with uniform fertilizer spreading and controllable fertilizer spreading amount is of great significance for realizing high-yield rice and promoting the development of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the invention provides a centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle, which can reduce the pulsatility of the fertilizer spreading of the machine, reduce the randomness of the spread fertilizer, and improve the fertilization uniformity.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0007] An agricultural drone centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device, comprising a bracket and a fertilizer box, a fertilizer feeding device and a fertilizer spreading device arranged on the bracket. Among them, the fertilizer box and the fertilizer feeding device are arranged at the upper end of the bracket; the fertilizer spreading device is arranged at the lower end of the bracket; the fertilizer feeding device is used to send the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer box into the fertilizer spreading device, and includes a first housing, a fertilizer feeding mechanism arranged in the first housing, and a fertilizer feeding driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer feeding mechanism to work; the fertilizer spreading device is used to spread the fertilizer particles conveyed by the fertilizer feeding device, and includes a second housing, a fertilizer dropping mechanism, a fertilizer spreading mechanism arranged in the second housing, and a fertilizer spreading driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer spreading mechanism to work.

[0008] Preferably, a feeding port is arranged at the upper end of the first housing, and a discharging port is arranged at the lower end; a fertilizer conveying channel is arranged between the feeding port and the discharging port, the inlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is communicated with the feeding port, and the outlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is communicated with the discharging port; the fertilizer box is installed at the upper end of the first housing, and the discharging port of the fertilizer box is communicated with the feeding port.

[0009] Preferably, the fertilizer dropping mechanism includes a fixed seat, a fertilizer dropping plate arranged on the fixed seat, fertilizer dropping paddles arranged on the fertilizer dropping plate, and a fertilizer dropping driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer dropping paddles to rotate. Among them, the fixed seat is fixedly installed in the second housing; the fertilizer dropping plate is fixedly installed on the fixed seat and is located directly below the first housing; the discharging port at the lower end of the first housing is located directly above the fertilizer dropping plate.

[0010] Preferably, the fertilizer dropping plate is a three-section circular structure; the circular arc sections in the three-section circular structure are respectively a circular section with a radius of 110 mm and a circular section opening of 101.25°, a circular section with a radius of 75 mm and a circular section opening of 45°, and a circular section with a radius of 50 mm and a circular section opening of 146.25°.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer spreading mechanism includes a centrifugal disc arranged in the second housing, and blades for hitting and spreading the fertilizer particles falling on the centrifugal disc are arranged on the centrifugal disc. Among them, there are multiple groups of blades, and the multiple groups of blades are arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the centrifugal disc; the ends of the blades deflect towards the centrifugal disc, and the included angle between the blades and the centrifugal disc is β.

[0012] Preferably, there are four groups of blades on the centrifugal disc; the included angle β between the ends of the blades deflecting and the centrifugal disc is 60°.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilizer spreading driving mechanism includes a fertilizer spreading driving motor, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft. Among them, the upper end of the first rotating shaft is connected to the main shaft of the fertilizer spreading driving motor through a coupling, and the lower end is connected to the centrifugal disc; the upper end of the second rotating shaft is fixed on the bracket, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat; the fertilizer dropping paddles are installed on the second rotating shaft; the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are connected through a reduction gear set.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer feeding mechanism includes two groups of spiral blades, namely a clockwise spiral blade and a counterclockwise spiral blade; the clockwise spiral blade and the counterclockwise spiral blade are respectively located in the fertilizer conveying channel.

[0015] Preferably, the phase difference between the clockwise spiral blade and the counterclockwise spiral blade is arranged at 90°.

[0016] Preferably, the fertilizer tank and the first housing, the first housing and the bracket, and the second housing and the bracket are all connected through a bolt connection structure.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention can continuously and stably send the fertilizer to the centrifugal disc, reducing the pulsation of the fertilizer spreading by the machine; at the same time, adjusting the landing point of the fertilizer particles on the centrifugal disc to reduce the randomness of the spread fertilizer and improve the fertilization uniformity; at the same time, a second housing is installed outside the centrifugal disc, which can reasonably optimize the fertilizer distribution area and increase the fertilizer utilization rate; at the same time, improving the blade shape in the centrifugal disc can increase the effective spreading radius of the centrifugal disc and improve the fertilizer spreading uniformity.

[0019] 2. Compared with the existing disc type fertilizer spreading machines, the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention has continuous and stable fertilizer spreading operations, a larger effective spreading radius, more uniform fertilizer spreading operations, and a better fertilizer distribution range. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a front view of the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 and Figure 4 are perspective views of the fertilizer spreading device from two different perspectives.

[0023] Figure 5It is a perspective view of the fertilizer dropping mechanism.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a perspective view of the centrifugal disk.

[0025] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of the fertilizer feeding device. Specific embodiments

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0027] See Figures 1-7 , the centrifugal disk type fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drones of the present invention includes a bracket 3 and a fertilizer tank 1, a fertilizer feeding device 2 and a fertilizer spreading device arranged on the bracket 3.

[0028] See Figures 1-7 , the fertilizer tank 1 and the fertilizer feeding device 2 are arranged at the upper end of the bracket 3; the fertilizer spreading device is arranged at the lower end of the bracket 3.

[0029] See Figures 1-7 , the fertilizer feeding device 2 is used to send the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer tank 1 into the fertilizer spreading device, and includes a first housing 201, a fertilizer feeding mechanism arranged in the first housing 201, and a fertilizer feeding driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer feeding mechanism to work; wherein, an inlet is arranged at the upper end of the first housing 201, and an outlet is arranged at the lower end; a fertilizer conveying channel is arranged between the inlet and the outlet, the inlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is communicated with the inlet, and the outlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is communicated with the outlet; the fertilizer tank 1 is installed at the upper end of the first housing 201, and the outlet of the fertilizer tank 1 is communicated with the inlet at the upper end of the first housing 201; the fertilizer feeding mechanism includes two groups of spiral blades, which are a clockwise spiral blade 202 and a counterclockwise spiral blade 203 respectively; the clockwise spiral blade 202 and the counterclockwise spiral blade 203 are respectively located in the fertilizer conveying channel;

[0030] The fertilizer feeding driving mechanism includes a fertilizer feeding driving motor 206, the fertilizer feeding driving motor 206 is installed on the sealing cover 204, and its main shaft is connected to the transmission shaft in the clockwise spiral blade 202; the sealing cover 204 is installed on the first housing 201; the transmission shafts in the clockwise spiral blade 202 and the counterclockwise spiral blade 203 are connected through a gear set 205; the structures of the two meshing gears in the gear set 205 are the same, and the transmission ratio between the two gears is 1:1;

[0031] In this embodiment, the specific structure and working principle of the fertilizer feeding device 2 can be implemented with reference to the "dual-channel reverse spiral fertilizer distributor" disclosed in the invention patent application with the application publication number CN118985245A. The difference from this patent application is that the phase difference between the clockwise spiral blade 202 and the counterclockwise spiral blade 203 in this embodiment is arranged at 90 degrees.

[0032] In the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention, an interlocking double spiral mechanism is adopted to evenly transport fertilizer particles into the fertilizer spreading device. The interlocking double spiral mechanism can effectively avoid fertilizer clogging, and at the same time reduce the pulsatility and randomness of the transportation of fertilizer particles, providing guarantee for the continuous and stable fertilizer spreading of the fertilizer spreading device.

[0033] See Figures 1-7 , the fertilizer spreading device is used to spread the fertilizer particles transported by the fertilizer feeding device 2, and includes a second housing 4, a fertilizer dropping mechanism, a fertilizer spreading mechanism arranged in the second housing 4, and a fertilizer spreading driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer spreading mechanism to work.

[0034] See Figures 1-7 , the fertilizer dropping mechanism includes a fixed seat, a fertilizer dropping plate 11 arranged on the fixed seat, a fertilizer dropping paddle 12 arranged on the fertilizer dropping plate 11, and a fertilizer dropping driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer dropping paddle 12 to rotate. Among them, the fixed seat is fixedly installed in the second housing 4; the fertilizer dropping plate 11 is fixedly installed on the fixed seat and is located directly below the first housing 201; the discharge port at the lower end of the first housing 201 is located directly above the fertilizer dropping plate 11; the lower end of the fertilizer dropping paddle 12 coincides with the upper end plane of the fertilizer dropping plate 11, and is used to dial the fertilizer particles on the fertilizer dropping plate 11 to the opening, so as to prompt the fertilizer particles to fall from the opening;

[0035] In this embodiment, the discharge port is trapezoidally arranged, and the angle α between it and the horizontal direction is 35° in the side view; the fertilizer dropping plate 11 is a three-segment circular structure, and the arc segments in the three-segment circular structure are respectively a radius of 110 mm, the opening of the circular segment is 101.25°, the radius of the circular segment is 75 mm, the opening is 45°, and the radius of the circular segment is 50 mm, and the opening is 146.25°.

[0036] In the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural drone of the present invention, a fertilizer spreading device with adjustable dropping points is designed. By adding a fertilizer dropping mechanism to control the position where the fertilizer particles fall onto the centrifugal disc 10, thereby controlling the acceleration of the fertilizer particles on the blade 13, and further effectively reducing the randomness of the blade 13 hitting the fertilizer particles, and improving the fertilizer spreading uniformity of the fertilizer spreading machine.

[0037] See Figures 1-7, the fertilizer spreading mechanism includes a centrifugal disc 10 disposed within the second housing 4. Blades 13 for striking and spreading fertilizer particles falling onto the centrifugal disc 10 are provided on the centrifugal disc 10. There are multiple groups of the blades 13, and the multiple groups of blades 13 are arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the centrifugal disc 10; the ends of the blades 13 are deflected in the rotational direction of the centrifugal disc 10, and the included angle between the ends and the centrifugal disc 10 is β;

[0038] In this embodiment, there are four groups of blades 13 on the centrifugal disc 10; the ends of the blades 13 are deflected and the included angle β between the ends and the centrifugal disc 10 is 60°; this can change the motion state of the fertilizer particles on the centrifugal disc 10, thereby changing the magnitude and direction of the force when the blades 13 strike the fertilizer particles instantaneously, and further effectively increasing the effective spreading range of the centrifugal disc 10 for fertilizer spreading.

[0039] See Figures 1-7 , the fertilizer spreading drive mechanism includes a fertilizer spreading drive motor 5, a first rotating shaft 8, and a second rotating shaft 9. Among them, the upper end of the first rotating shaft 8 is connected to the main shaft of the fertilizer spreading drive motor 5 through a coupling, and the lower end is connected to the centrifugal disc 10; the upper end of the second rotating shaft 9 is fixed on the bracket 3, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat; the fertilizer dropping deflector 12 is installed on the second rotating shaft 9; the first rotating shaft 8 and the second rotating shaft 9 are connected through a reduction gearing set;

[0040] In this embodiment, parameters such as the module and face width of the driving gear 6 and the driven gear 7 in the reduction gearing set are the same, but the number of teeth of the driving gear 6: the number of teeth of the driven gear 7 is 1:2, that is, the transmission ratio between the driving gear 6 and the driven gear 7 is 1:2; therefore, the speed of the driving gear 6 is twice the speed of the driven gear 7 in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0041] See Figures 1-7 , the second housing 4 is installed around the centrifugal disc 10 to cover the centrifugal disc 10, which is used to limit the fertilizer spreading range of the centrifugal disc 10, so that the operation range of the machine is optimized from the original "ring" line type to the current "circle" surface type, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and optimizing the distribution of fertilizer particles.

[0042] See Figures 1-7 , between the fertilizer tank 1 and the first housing 201, between the first housing 201 and the bracket 3, and between the second housing 4 and the bracket 3, they are all connected through a bolt connection structure.

[0043] See Figures 1-7 , the working principle of the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drones of the present invention is:

[0044] During operation, the fertilizer feeding device 2 sends the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer tank 1 into the fertilizer conveying channel and transports them along the fertilizer conveying channel to the discharge port of the first housing 201. The fertilizer particles fall into the fertilizer spreading plate 11 from the discharge port of the first housing 201. The fertilizer spreading blades 12 arranged on the second rotating shaft 9 rotate driven by the second rotating shaft 9, so as to sweep the fertilizer particles on the fertilizer spreading plate 11 onto the lower centrifugal disc 10. The centrifugal disc 10 is driven to rotate by the first rotating shaft 8, so as to spread the fertilizer particles on the centrifugal disc 10.

[0045] In the centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreading device of the agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention, by adopting the interlocking double helix mechanism, the fertilizer particles are evenly transported into the fertilizer spreading device, which can effectively avoid particle clogging of fertilizer and reduce the pulsatility of fertilizer transportation at the same time; by adding the fertilizer spreading plate 11, the position where the fertilizer particles fall onto the centrifugal disc 10 can be adjusted, so as to greatly reduce the randomness of the fertilizer spreading operation and improve the fertilizer spreading uniformity; by installing a frustum-shaped cover plate (i.e., the second housing 4) on the periphery of the centrifugal disc 10, the operation range of the centrifugal disc 10 can be optimized from the original "ring" line type to the current "circle" surface type, improving the operation trajectory of the machine and optimizing the distribution of fertilizer particles; by changing the shape of the blades 13, the magnitude and direction of the force when the blades 13 strike the particles can be changed, which can effectively increase the effective spreading amplitude of the disc fertilizer spreading.

[0046] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drones, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a bracket and a fertilizer box, a fertilizer delivery device and a fertilizer spreading device arranged on the bracket, wherein the fertilizer box and the fertilizer delivery device are arranged at the upper end of the bracket; the fertilizer spreading device is arranged at the lower end of the bracket; the fertilizer delivery device is used to deliver the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer box to the fertilizer spreading device, and comprises a first shell, a fertilizer delivery mechanism arranged in the first shell, and a fertilizer delivery driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer delivery mechanism to work; the fertilizer spreading device is used to spread the fertilizer particles delivered by the fertilizer delivery device, and comprises a second shell, a fertilizer delivery mechanism arranged in the second shell, a fertilizer spreading mechanism, and a fertilizer spreading driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer spreading mechanism to work.

2. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the first shell is provided with an inlet, and the lower end is provided with an outlet; a fertilizer conveying channel is provided between the inlet and the outlet, the inlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is connected with the inlet, and the outlet of the fertilizer conveying channel is connected with the outlet; the fertilizer box is installed at the upper end of the first shell, and the outlet of the fertilizer box is connected with the inlet.

3. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer dropping mechanism includes a fixed seat, a fertilizer dropping plate arranged on the fixed seat, a fertilizer dropping paddle arranged on the fertilizer dropping plate, and a fertilizer dropping driving mechanism for driving the fertilizer dropping paddle to rotate, wherein the fixed seat is fixedly installed in the second shell; the fertilizer dropping plate is fixedly installed on the fixed seat and is located directly below the first shell; and the discharge port at the lower end of the first shell is located directly above the fertilizer dropping plate.

4. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer drop plate is a three-segment circular structure; the arc segments in the three-segment circular structure are respectively 110 mm in radius and 101.25° in opening, 75 mm in radius and 45° in opening, and 50 mm in radius and 146.25° in opening.

5. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilizer spreading mechanism includes a centrifugal disc arranged in a second shell, and the centrifugal disc is provided with blades for striking and spreading the fertilizer particles falling on the centrifugal disc, wherein the blades are in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of blades are arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the centrifugal disc; the tip of the blade is deflected toward the direction of the centrifugal disc, and the angle between the blade and the centrifugal disc is β.

6. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The centrifugal disc has four blades; the ends of the blades are deflected and the angle β between the blades and the centrifugal disc is 60°.

7. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilizer spreading drive mechanism includes a fertilizer spreading drive motor, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, wherein the upper end of the first rotating shaft is connected to the main shaft of the fertilizer spreading drive motor through a coupling, and the lower end is connected to the centrifugal disc; the upper end of the second rotating shaft is fixed to the bracket, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat; the fertilizer dropping paddle is installed on the second rotating shaft; the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are connected by a reduction meshing gear set.

8. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fertilizer delivery mechanism comprises two groups of spiral blades, which are respectively a clockwise spiral blade and a counterclockwise spiral blade; the clockwise spiral blade and the counterclockwise spiral blade are respectively located in the fertilizer delivery channel.

9. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 8, characterized in that: The clockwise spiral blade and the counterclockwise spiral blade are arranged with a phase difference of 90°.

10. The centrifugal disc fertilizer spreading device for agricultural drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer box and the first shell, the first shell and the bracket, and the second shell and the bracket are all connected via a bolt connection structure.

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