Biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device, which relates to the technical field of biomass hydrogen production and comprises a chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system, a hydrogen purification cooling system and a hydrogen storage power generation system. The chlorella mixed solution is pyrolyzed in the microwave heating box to generate gases such as hydrocarbons, and then the gases react with water vapor in the catalytic cracking device to generate hydrogen and impurity gases. The hydrogen purifying and cooling system converts impurity gas into pure hydrogen and cools the pure hydrogen through the steps of desulfurization, heating reaction, soda lime absorption and the like. The hydrogen storage power generation system stores hydrogen through a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and converts the hydrogen into electric energy through a fuel cell power station. According to the device, chlorella is adopted as a raw material, hydrogen is efficiently produced through pyrolysis and catalytic cracking technologies, the device has the advantages of being convenient to operate, clean, free of pollution and high in efficiency, the problems that existing algae hydrogen production and storage efficiency is low, and equipment is complex are solved, and a new technical scheme is provided for utilization of marine renewable energy sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass hydrogen production, and particularly to an integrated device for biomass hydrogen production and energy storage. Background Art

[0002] With the sharp rise in global energy consumption, the reserves of traditional fossil fuels are continuously decreasing. At the same time, the use of fossil fuels has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating global warming and environmental pollution. Hydrogen, as an ideal clean and renewable energy source, has the advantages of being renewable, not producing greenhouse gas CO 2 , having a high energy density, and being convertible into electrical energy through a fuel cell. Compared with terrestrial plants, algae can produce up to 10 times more biomass per unit area. They can grow rapidly in various environments, including salt water, brackish water, and wastewater, without competing with the fresh water resources required for human consumption and agriculture. This makes algae an ideal source for large-scale hydrogen production. Biomass hydrogen production is a marine renewable clean energy production method that can reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy and greenhouse gas emissions, and has the characteristics of being clean and pollution-free.

[0003] The patent with the publication number CN118562591A discloses an industrial-grade integrated algae hydrogen production photobioreactor. The photobioreactor is the core device for algae hydrogen production and is usually composed of a light reaction chamber and a dark reaction chamber. The light reaction chamber is used for algae to carry out photosynthesis, absorb light energy and carry out water decomposition reaction to produce hydrogen and oxygen; the dark reaction chamber is used to reduce the oxygen concentration because oxygen will inhibit the activity of hydrogenase, thus affecting the production of hydrogen. The algal liquid in the reactor is circulated between the light reaction chamber and the dark reaction chamber through a circulating water pump to achieve light-dark alternating cultivation. The disadvantage of this technology is that when the light intensity is too high, algae will show light inhibition phenomenon, resulting in a decrease in photosynthesis efficiency and thus affecting the hydrogen production; when the light intensity is too low or the algal cell concentration is too high, the algal cells cannot obtain enough light energy, which will also limit their growth and hydrogen production; the algal cells in the algal liquid will block each other, resulting in continuous attenuation of the incident light during the process of penetrating the algal liquid, and the light inside the reactor is uneven, affecting the overall light energy utilization efficiency. Algae photosynthesis will release oxygen, and hydrogenase is highly sensitive to oxygen. The presence of oxygen will inhibit the activity of hydrogenase, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen production. Therefore, the hydrogen production efficiency of this technology is low and the energy utilization rate is low.

[0004] The patent with the publication number CN118256332A discloses an efficient biomass hydrogen production device. Under the condition of no light, anaerobic microorganisms (such as Clostridium) are used to decompose organic substrates to produce hydrogen. The organic substrates are converted into pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway, and then further converted into volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, and alcohols such as ethanol and butanol, and finally hydrogen is produced under specific conditions. At present, most hydrogen production by fermentation is mainly intermittent production, and there are many challenges in achieving continuous and stable production, such as the long-term stability of strains and the continuous operation stability of reactors, etc.; during the biomass fermentation process, the metabolic pathways of microorganisms are complex, and some organic substances may be metabolized through biochemical pathways that do not produce hydrogen, such as lactic acid production, etc. In addition, the hydrogen produced during the fermentation process may also be consumed by hydrogen-consuming reactions, such as propionic acid production, homoacetogenesis, methanogenesis reactions, etc.

[0005] In the existing hydrogen production technologies, the hydrogen production efficiency by photosynthesis of algae is relatively low, and the biological fermentation hydrogen production technology requires specific culture conditions and equipment support. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated biomass hydrogen production and energy storage device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated biomass hydrogen production and energy storage device, which has the characteristics of convenient operation, clean and pollution-free, and high efficiency, so as to solve the problems of low hydrogen production and storage efficiency of algae and the need for specific equipment in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An integrated biomass hydrogen production and energy storage device, including:

[0008] A Chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system, which is used to pyrolyze and catalytically crack the Chlorella mixture to produce hydrogen and impurity gases;

[0009] A hydrogen purification and cooling system, which is connected to the Chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system, and is used to purify and cool the generated hydrogen and impurity gases to obtain pure hydrogen;

[0010] A hydrogen storage and power generation system, which is connected to the hydrogen purification and cooling system, and includes a hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen and a fuel cell power station for converting hydrogen into electric energy.

[0011] The above structure aims to propose an integrated biomass hydrogen production and energy storage device, which uses Chlorella as a raw material for pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. The Chlorella is pyrolyzed to obtain hydrocarbons, and then undergoes catalytic cracking to produce hydrogen. After impurity removal, it is stored and then released through a fuel cell. The energy utilization rate is high, and it is clean and pollution-free. It can be achieved only with simple chemical catalytic cracking equipment and heating equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the hydrogen production system by pyrolysis and catalytic cracking of Chlorella includes:

[0013] A raw material storage tank for storing the Chlorella mixed liquid raw material;

[0014] A microwave heating box, connected to the raw material storage tank, for pyrolyzing the Chlorella mixed liquid to generate hydrocarbons, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and impurity gases;

[0015] A catalytic cracking device, connected to the microwave heating box, for performing high-temperature catalytic cracking on the hydrocarbons obtained by pyrolysis with water vapor to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur components and impurity gases;

[0016] A valve I, arranged on the connecting pipeline between the raw material storage tank and the microwave heating box, for controlling the flow rate of the Chlorella mixed liquid raw material entering the microwave heating box.

[0017] Preferably, the hydrogen purification and cooling system includes:

[0018] A desulfurization device for removing the sulfur components generated by hydrocarbon catalytic cracking;

[0019] A heating reaction device for converting carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a catalyst at a preset temperature;

[0020] A device filled with soda lime for absorbing carbon dioxide and water vapor to obtain pure hydrogen;

[0021] A condensing device for reducing the gas temperature.

[0022] Preferably, the condensing device includes a heat exchanger I and a heat exchanger II. The heat exchanger I is arranged at the rear end of the heating reaction device, and the heat exchanger II is arranged at the rear end of the device filled with soda lime.

[0023] Preferably, in the heating reaction device, copper oxide is used as the catalyst, and the reaction temperature is 600°C to 800°C.

[0024] Preferably, in the device filled with soda lime, the filling amount of soda lime is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the gas volume.

[0025] Preferably, the hydrogen storage and power generation system includes a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks connected in parallel. All the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks are connected to the fuel cell power station through pipelines, and a valve II for adjusting the hydrogen flow rate is arranged on the main pipeline.

[0026] Preferably, the hydrogen storage tank adopts the high-pressure hydrogen storage method, and the pressure range is 10 MPa to 30 MPa.

[0027] Preferably, the fuel cell power station adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0028] Preferably, the biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device further includes a control system for controlling the automatic operation of each system.

[0029] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0030] The present invention provides a hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device, which adopts the algae pyrolysis technology. The whole pyrolysis process is relatively environmentally friendly and effectively avoids carbon emissions. The impurity removal process can catalytically convert impurity gases and reuse them to generate hydrogen, further improving the utilization rate of algae biomass energy. Compared with the traditional algae hydrogen production and energy storage method, this device is more convenient to operate, has higher efficiency, and a wider application range, and can make full use of marine renewable energy. The device uses a gas storage tank to store hydrogen, making energy storage and power generation more flexible. In addition, this device can also be combined with the marine industry, use lakes, swamps, and wetlands to produce Chlorella vulgaris raw materials, achieve biomass regeneration, realize waste utilization, and drive the development of local agricultural economy at the same time. It has the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, clean and pollution-free, high practicality and feasibility, and provides a new technical solution for algae hydrogen production and energy storage technology. Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the Chlorella vulgaris pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen purification and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen storage and power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, raw material storage tank; 2, microwave heating box; 3, catalytic cracking device; 4, desulfurization device; 5, heating reaction device; 6, heat exchanger I; 7, device filled with soda lime; 8, heat exchanger II; 9, hydrogen storage tank; 10, fuel cell power station; 11, valve I; 12, valve II; 100, Chlorella vulgaris pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system; 200, hydrogen purification and cooling system; 300, hydrogen storage and power generation system. Detailed Embodiments

[0037] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention propose an integrated hydrogen production and energy storage device to solve the problems of low efficiency of hydrogen production and storage by algae and the need for specific equipment, and construct an integrated hydrogen production and energy storage device with convenient operation, clean and pollution-free, and high efficiency to promote the utilization of marine renewable energy. To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated biomass hydrogen production and energy storage device, including a chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system 100, a hydrogen purification and cooling system 200, and a hydrogen storage and power generation system 300.

[0040] As Figure 2 shown, the chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system 100 includes a raw material storage tank 1, a microwave heating box 2, and a catalytic cracking device 3 connected in sequence. A valve 11 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the raw material storage tank 1 and the microwave heating box 2. Among them, the raw material storage tank 1 is used to store the chlorella mixed liquid raw material; the microwave heating box 2 pyrolyzes the raw material into gases such as hydrocarbons, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; the catalytic cracking device 3 performs high-temperature catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons and water vapor into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; the valve 11 controls the flow rate of the chlorella mixed liquid raw material entering the microwave heating box 2.

[0041] The raw materials are transported from the production site to the chlorella mixed liquid storage tank for storage. The chlorella flows out of the storage tank, and after the flow rate is adjusted by the valve 11, it is sent into the microwave heating box 2 to start pyrolysis to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons (CnHm), etc. The hydrocarbons, methane, and gases obtained by pyrolysis are introduced into the catalytic cracking device 3 to react with water vapor under high temperature, high pressure, and the action of a catalyst. Hydrocarbons and methane will generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur, and some other impurities, etc. Among them, the following chemical reactions occur during the pyrolysis and catalytic cracking processes:

[0042] CH 4 +CO 2 →2CO+2H 2

[0043] C n Hm +nH 2 O → nCO + m / 2H 2

[0044] As shown Figure 3 in FIG. 200, the hydrogen purification and cooling system 200 includes a desulfurization device 4, a heating reaction device 5, a first heat exchanger 6, a device 7 filled with soda lime, and a second heat exchanger 8, which are connected in sequence. Among them, the desulfurization device 4 is used to remove the sulfur content generated by hydrocarbon catalytic cracking; the heating reaction device 5 converts carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide under the catalysis of copper oxide and in a high-temperature environment; the first heat exchanger 6 reduces the gas temperature to prevent the soda lime from decomposing when high-temperature gas is introduced into the device filled with soda lime; the device 7 filled with soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide and water vapor to obtain pure hydrogen; the second heat exchanger 8 further reduces the gas temperature for convenient storage.

[0045] The hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur, and other impurities generated in the previous step are first introduced into the desulfurization device 4 for desulfurization, and then into the heating reaction device 5, where carbon monoxide and water vapor will generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen under high temperature and the catalysis of copper oxide; then the carbon dioxide and hydrogen are introduced into the first heat exchanger 6 for cooling to prevent the soda lime that adsorbs water and carbon dioxide in the next step from decomposing, resulting in a decrease in adsorption capacity; the gas coming out of the first heat exchanger 6 is introduced into the device 7 filled with soda lime to remove carbon dioxide and water vapor to obtain pure hydrogen, and finally into the second heat exchanger 8 for further cooling for convenient storage in the next step. The following chemical reactions occur during the above treatment process:

[0046] CO + Cu + H 2 O → Cu + CO 2 + H 2

[0047] As shown Figure 4 in FIG. 24, the hydrogen storage and power generation system 300 includes a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 9 connected in parallel for storing the obtained hydrogen. The plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 9 are all connected to a fuel cell power station 10 through a main pipeline. The fuel cell power station 10 converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy to generate electricity. A valve two 12 is provided on the main pipeline connecting the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 9 and the fuel cell power station 10, and sub-valves are respectively provided on the branch pipelines at the inlet and outlet ends of each hydrogen storage tank 9. The valve two 12 adjusts the flow rate of hydrogen delivered to the fuel cell.

[0048] The obtained hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank 9 for storage. When electricity is needed, an appropriate amount of combustible gas is released from the sub-valve of the corresponding hydrogen storage tank 9 and transported to the fuel cell power station 10 to start chemical combustion power generation, realizing the integration of ocean renewable energy hydrogen production, energy storage, and power generation.

[0049] The hydrogen storage power generation system 300 uses valves to control the flow rate of combustible gas leading to the fuel cell to adapt to the real-time situation during power generation requirements.

[0050] The Chlorella raw material used in the device of the present invention comes from lakes and wetlands. Chlorella is easy to reproduce, has a short growth cycle, and can reproduce rapidly in large quantities in a light and humid environment, and can supply a relatively large amount of raw materials in a relatively short time. Hydrogen is produced through biomass pyrolysis technology and hydrocarbon catalytic cracking technology.

[0051] In the biomass pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system in the device of the present invention, that is, the Chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system 100, hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed using a microwave heating box 2 and hydrogen is produced by hydrocarbon catalytic pyrolysis technology. The hydrogen purification and cooling system 200 mainly removes other impurity gases mixed with hydrogen and converts the impurity gases into hydrogen to further improve the utilization rate. The hydrogen storage power generation system 300 stores hydrogen and can be used as fuel for power generation when there is a need for electricity. As a hydrogen production and energy storage device, the present invention uses the characteristics of Chlorella. This system uses storage tanks to store the generated hydrogen.

[0052] In a further optimized solution, in the heating reaction device 5, copper oxide is used as a catalyst, and the reaction temperature is 600°C to 800°C.

[0053] In a further optimized solution, in the device 7 filled with soda lime, the filling amount of soda lime is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the gas volume to ensure full absorption of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

[0054] In a further optimized solution, the hydrogen storage tank 9 adopts high-pressure hydrogen storage, and the pressure range is 10 MPa to 30 MPa.

[0055] In a further optimized solution, the fuel cell power station 10 adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency and low pollution emissions.

[0056] In a further optimized solution, the biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device further includes a control system for automatically controlling the operation of each component to realize the automated operation of hydrogen production, purification, hydrogen storage, and power generation.

[0057] The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention:

[0058] The chlorella mixture is stored in the raw material storage tank 1. Valve 11 is opened to lead to the microwave heating chamber 2 to make it work. The chlorella flows out from the raw material storage tank 1, and after the flow rate is adjusted by Valve 11, it is sent into the microwave heating chamber 2 to start pyrolysis to produce methane, hydrocarbons, and impurity gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur. The products obtained from pyrolysis are sent into the catalytic cracking device 3 to generate hydrogen and impurities, and then sent into the desulfurization device 4 for desulfurization. Then, it is sent into the heating reaction device 5 to convert carbon monoxide in the impurities into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. After passing through the heat exchanger, carbon dioxide and water vapor are absorbed by soda lime. Finally, after obtaining pure hydrogen, it is further condensed and finally transported to the hydrogen storage tank 9 for storage. When electricity is needed, an appropriate amount of hydrogen is released from the valve of the hydrogen storage tank 9 and transported to the fuel cell power station 10 to start chemical combustion power generation, realizing the hydrogen energy storage power generation of marine renewable energy.

[0059] Compared with the existing hydrogen storage by algae photosynthesis and hydrogen storage by algae biological fermentation, the hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device of the present invention stores the hydrogen energy generated by algae in the form of biomass pyrolysis and hydrocarbon catalytic cracking. The raw material source is fast and convenient, the preparation process is convenient and efficient, and it is clean and pollution-free.

[0060] The details not described in the present invention are all conventional technical means well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0062] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device, characterized in that: include: A chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen production system (100) is used to pyrolyze and catalytically crack a chlorella mixed liquid to produce hydrogen and impurity gases; A hydrogen purification and cooling system (200) is connected to the Chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen generation system (100) and is used to purify and cool the generated hydrogen and impurity gases to obtain pure hydrogen; The hydrogen storage power generation system (300) is connected to the hydrogen purification and cooling system (200), and comprises a hydrogen storage tank (9) for storing hydrogen and a fuel cell power station (10) for converting hydrogen into electrical energy.

2. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Chlorella pyrolysis and catalytic cracking hydrogen generation system (100) comprises: A raw material storage tank (1), used for storing the chlorella mixed liquid raw material; A microwave heating box (2) is connected to the raw material storage tank (1) and is used to pyrolyze the chlorella mixed liquid to generate hydrocarbons, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and impurity gases; A catalytic cracking device (3) connected to the microwave heating box (2) is used to carry out high-temperature catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons obtained by pyrolysis and water vapor to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur and impurity gases; Valve 1 (11) is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the raw material storage tank (1) and the microwave heating box (2) and is used to control the flow rate of the chlorella mixed liquid raw material entering the microwave heating box (2).

3. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen purification and cooling system (200) comprises: A desulfurization device (4) for removing sulfur produced by catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons; Heating the reaction device (5) to convert carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide via a catalyst at a preset temperature; a soda lime rich device (7) for absorbing carbon dioxide and water vapor to obtain pure hydrogen; Condensing device, used to reduce the temperature of the gas.

4. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The condensing device comprises a heat exchanger 1 (6) and a heat exchanger 2 (8), wherein the heat exchanger 1 (6) is arranged at the rear end of the heating reaction device (5), and the heat exchanger 2 (8) is arranged at the rear end of the soda lime rich device (7).

5. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the heating reaction device (5), copper oxide is used as a catalyst and the reaction temperature is 600°C to 800°C.

6. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the soda lime rich device (7), the filling amount of soda lime is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the gas volume.

7. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage power generation system (300) comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks (9) connected in parallel, wherein the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks (9) are connected to the fuel cell power station (10) via pipelines, and a valve 2 (12) for adjusting the hydrogen flow rate is provided on the main pipeline.

8. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank (9) adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage method, and the pressure range is 10MPa to 30MPa.

9. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel cell power station (10) uses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

10. The biomass hydrogen production and energy storage integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control system for controlling the automatic operation of each system.

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