Anti-penetration multi-component alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-penetration multi-component alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of alloy material preparation. The chemical formula of the multi-component alloy is Co2Ni2CrVTax, wherein x is equal to 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5; according to the method, by regulating and controlling the content of the Ta element, when the multi-component alloy obtains the same micron-scale net-shaped Laves, a nanoscale L12 structure precipitated phase still exists, through cooperative strengthening of the two kinds of multi-scale precipitated phases, the room-temperature tensile yield strength of the alloy is larger than 500 MPa, the ductility is larger than 20%, and the ballistic limit speed is larger than 420 m / s (a plate with the thickness of 3 mm); in addition, the multi-component alloy is simple in preparation process, has excellent fluidity, is suitable for industrial production, and has a good application prospect in the field of armor protection materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of alloy material preparation, and particularly to an anti-penetration multi-component alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Multi-component alloys refer to alloys composed of three or more elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios. The contents of these alloy elements are similar, usually between 5% and 35%. As a new type of metallic material, multi-component alloys have unique microstructures and good mechanical properties, especially excellent strain hardening ability, which makes them have good application prospects in the field of anti-penetration.

[0003] Anti-penetration technology generally refers to using materials and technical means with high strength, high hardness and high toughness to resist the penetration of projectiles or other penetrators, so as to protect the target structure from damage. This technology is widely used in both military and civilian fields, especially in protective engineering. With the rapid development of national defense technology, higher requirements are put forward for armor protection materials: on the one hand, the significant increase in the penetration speed of external projectiles or fragments has continuously improved the protection level; on the other hand, due to the special requirements of armor mobility and scientific research tests, designing excellent alloy microstructures to improve their properties has also become a research direction for anti-penetration materials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to directionally design multi-component alloy materials with excellent anti-penetration performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application discloses a multi-component alloy material and its application to improve the anti-penetration performance of multi-component alloys.

[0005] Specifically, this application provides the following technical solutions: First, this application provides an anti-penetration multi-component alloy with the chemical formula Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa x . The components of this alloy are composed according to the molar ratios of the subscripts in the chemical formula, and x can take any one of 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5. By regulating the content of Ta element, this alloy can obtain micron-scale network Laves phase while simultaneously having nano-scale L1 2 structural precipitation phases. The room-temperature tensile yield strength of the alloy is >500 MPa, the elongation is >20%, and the ballistic limit velocity is >420 m / s (for 3-mm-thick plates).

[0006] Furthermore, x is preferably 0.3, and the obtained structural formula is Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 . When there is a network of micron-scale Laves phase in the alloy, there are also nano-scale L1 2Structural precipitation phase.

[0007] Secondly, the present application provides a method for preparing the above anti-penetration multi-component alloy, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Weigh the raw materials of the 5 components of Co, Ni, Cr, V, and Ta according to the molar ratio of 2:2:1:1:x, and the purity of each component raw material ≥ 99.9 wt%; x takes any one of 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5; 2) Vacuum arc melting: The melting furnace is evacuated to a vacuum degree of 9×10 -4 Pa to 1×10 -3 Pa, then inert gas (such as argon) is filled to -0.03 MPa to -0.02 MPa, and finally the Ti ingot is melted 3 to 5 times, 60 s to 80 s for each time;

[0008] 3)) Place the weighed raw materials of each component in step 1) on the heated surface of the melting container in the order of increasing melting point; stack Ni, Co, Cr, V, and Ta in sequence from bottom to top in the melting furnace, and then perform high-vacuum arc melting on the raw materials 5 to 6 times, with the melting current being 240 A to 270 A, and the arc duration for each melting being 2 min to 3 min. Subsequently, the metal solution is vacuum suction cast into shape to obtain the above alloy.

[0009] Preferably, when each component raw material melts into a liquid state, electromagnetic stirring is performed 5 to 6 times between two meltings, the electromagnetic stirring current is 1.5 A to 2.5 A, and the duration for each time is 1 min to 2 min.

[0010] After the melting is completed, the above Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa x alloy (x takes 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5) is obtained.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the multi-component alloy provided by the present application with the structural formula of Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa x (x takes 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5) designs a multi-scale co-strengthened multi-component alloy with a FCC phase + reticular Laves phase + L1 2 structural precipitation phase. Similar to adding a steel mesh and concrete particles to concrete in the construction field to improve the comprehensive performance of concrete, the micron-sized reticular Laves phase is equivalent to the steel mesh, and the nano-sized L1 2 precipitation phase is equivalent to fine concrete particles, and the two cooperate to strengthen and further improve the alloy strength and anti-penetration ability.

[0012] According to the different Ta element contents, Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa x The yield strength of the multi-component alloy is 305 MPa to 537 MPa, the elongation is 63.8% to 24.4%, and the ballistic limit velocity is 407.8 m / s to 435.4 m / s. When x = 0.3, the alloy exhibits excellent anti-penetration performance and excellent tensile performance. In addition, the energy absorption of the alloy during penetration at different speeds was tested (450 m / s to 750 m / s), Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 The alloy compared to Co 2 Ni 2 The CrV alloy has a significantly higher energy absorption increase at a penetration velocity of 750 m / s than at 450 m / s. The energy absorption increase at 750 m / s is 27.7%, indicating that Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 The alloy has more excellent anti-penetration performance at higher speeds.

[0013] The design method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement. At the same time, the combination of excellent anti-penetration performance and mechanical properties provides a new type of multi-component alloy material for the field of armor protection materials. The multi-component alloy and the strengthening strategy can be widely applied in protection engineering (such as the field of armor protection), greatly broadening the application of multi-component alloys in the field of armor protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation to this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ballistic penetration test device for the embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a physical photo of the alloy prepared in Example 1.

[0016] Figure 3 It is the XRD test results of the multi-component alloys in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0017] Figure 4 It is the SEM diagram of the L1 2 precipitation phase in the multi-component alloy in Example 1; among them, (a)-(d) are Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa x The test results when x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 in the alloy.

[0018] Figure 5 Results of characterization and detection of multi-component alloys in Example 1 and Comparative Examples

[0019] Figure 6 Tensile stress-strain curves of multi-components in Example 1 and Comparative Examples

[0020] Figure 7 Fitting curves of ballistic penetration limit velocities of multi-component alloys in Example 1 and Comparative Examples

[0021] Figure 8 Energy absorption diagrams of multi-component alloys at different penetration velocities in Examples and Comparative Examples Detailed implementation manners

[0022] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments

[0023] 1) Reagents Details of the main raw materials and reagents commonly used in the following examples are shown in Table 1

[0024] Table 1 (All purchased from Hebei Luohong Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0025] The above component raw materials Co, Ni, Cr, V, and Ta are all industrial-grade raw materials with a purity ≥ 99.9 wt%. Before use, the Co, Ni, Cr, V, and Ta metal particles are ultrasonically cleaned (40KHZ, 5min) with absolute ethanol respectively to obtain clean metal particles (φ3*3mm) to ensure the accurate weighing amount and no impurities

[0026] 2) Performance testing and structural characterization (1) Phase analysis: The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the alloy is measured using a D8 advance X-ray diffractometer from Bruker AXS. The scanning angle range of the instrument measurement is 25° - 100°, using Cu target K α rays, the working voltage of the equipment is 40 kV, the scanning speed is 0.2 sec / step, the step size is 0.02° / step, and the measurement angle error is less than 0.01°

[0027] (2) Microstructure: The alloy is characterized using a Quanta-200 field emission scanning electron microscope from Semplor, with a working voltage of 20 kV; the nano-sized precipitated phases are characterized using a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope from JEOL, Japan

[0028] (3)Tensile test: The mechanical properties of the multi-component alloy materials were tested using an E44.304-B type electronic universal testing machine. The tensile specimen had a gauge width of 2 mm, a gauge thickness of 2 mm, and a gauge length of 6 mm, and the tensile rate was 0.5 mm / min.

[0029] (4)Ballistic penetration test: The experimental device is as shown in Figure 1 . The test system consists of a high-pressure air pump, an air chamber, a solenoid valve, a launch tube, a housing, a protective box, a high-speed camera, a light source, and a laser velocimeter. This system is a conventional detection system in this field, as disclosed in the literature "Y.H. Xiang, Z.W. Zhang, X.N. Yang, Y. Lin, G.K. Zhang, M.Q. Sun, F.G. Yan, M.Y. Wang, Failure mechanism of carbon / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene twill fiber reinforced hybrid laminates under ballistic impact, Mater. Des. 216 (2022) 110578." According to the GJB 4300 A-2100 standard, a tungsten alloy projectile (Hebei Luo Hong Technology Co., Ltd.) with a diameter of 6 mm of YG6 was used to conduct a ballistic penetration test on an alloy plate with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 3 mm.

[0030] 3) Experimental equipment The arc melting furnace used in the examples was a WK-II type non-consumable vacuum arc melting furnace purchased from Beijing Wuko Guangdian Technology Co., Ltd.; Example 1 Preparation of multi-component alloy material Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 including the following steps: Step 1: The component raw materials Co, Ni, Cr, V, and Ta were weighed successively according to the molar ratio of the subscripts of each component in the chemical formula Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 .

[0031] Step 2: The specific melting steps are as follows: 2.1) In order to avoid the presence of harmful gases in the vacuum arc melting furnace from affecting the properties of the alloy, before melting, first use a molecular pump or a vacuum pump to pump the vacuum degree of the arc furnace to 9×10 -4Pa. The vacuum degree within the above range can prevent the alloy from oxidizing during melting, and then argon gas (purity ≥ 99.999 vol.%) is filled to -0.05 MPa.

[0032] 2.2) The Ti ingot is melted 5 times, each melting for 60 s, with an interval of 60 s, and the melting current is 240 A.

[0033] 2.3) Put the raw material components weighed in the first step into a vacuum arc melting furnace. To prevent the raw material components with low melting points from volatilizing due to heat, the raw material components are stacked in the order of increasing melting point, i.e., Ni, Co, Cr, V, and Ta. The component raw material Ni with the lowest melting point is placed at the bottom of the crucible, and the remaining component raw materials are stacked one by one. Then, melting is carried out under helium protection. The melting current is 240 A, the arc lasts for 3 min each time, and the interval between two meltings is 3 min; melting is repeated 6 times; then the metal solution is vacuum suction cast into shape and then cooled with the furnace. In specific implementation, melting for 3 - 5 min each time and with an interval of 3 - 5 min can achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0034] During melting, after the alloy is transformed from solid state to liquid state, during the interval between two meltings, turn on the electromagnetic stirring of the device (the electromagnetic stirring current is within the safe allowable range of the vacuum arc melting furnace). In this embodiment, the stirring current is 1.5 A, and the duration of each stirring is 2 min. After electromagnetic stirring, the liquid metal has good fluidity, the alloying elements can be fully fused, and the alloy performance reaches the best state.

[0035] The photo of the alloy plate (100 mm × 100 mm × 3 mm) prepared in this embodiment is as Figure 2 shown.

[0036] The alloy prepared in this embodiment is characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and its tensile properties and anti - penetration properties are detected. The specific results are as follows: 1) Characterization results (1) The XRD detection results are as Figure 3 shown in (0.3Ta) below. It can be seen that the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 alloy is composed of FCC phase and HCP Laves phase.

[0037] (2) Figure 4 Figure (c) below is the SEM image of the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 alloy. It can be seen that the micron - sized Laves phase is distributed in a network pattern in the alloy.

[0038] (3) The TEM results are as Figure 5 shown. Figure 5Among them, (a) is a low-magnification TEM bright-field image, (b) is a high-magnification TEM bright-field image, and (c) is the diffraction pattern of the L1 2 structural precipitation phase and the matrix. (d) is a high-resolution TEM image and the inverse Fourier transform image of the matrix and the precipitation phase. (e) is the geometric phase analysis of the L1 2 structural precipitation phase. It can be seen that Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 There are also precipitation phases with a size of 3 nm in the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa alloy. It is determined by the diffraction spots that the nano-sized precipitation phase is of the L1

[0039] 2) Performance test results (1) Figure 6 The curve 0.3Ta in 2 is the stress-strain curve of the Co 2 Ni 0.3 CrVTa alloy. It can be seen that its ultimate tensile strength is ~761 MPa, the yield strength is ~537 MPa, and the elongation is ~24.4%.

[0040] (2) The fitting curve of the ballistic penetration limit velocity is as shown in Figure 7 . It can be seen that the ballistic limit velocity of the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 alloy is ~435.4 m / s.

[0041] (3) The energy absorption of the alloy at different penetration velocities is as shown in Figure 8 . At the penetration velocities of 450 m / s, 550 m / s, 650 m / s, and 750 m / s, the energy absorption of the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 alloy is 157.2 J, 175.2 J, 191.4 J, and 226.2 J respectively. Compared with Comparative Example 1 (Co 2 Ni 2 CrV), the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.3 alloy has the most excellent energy absorption increase at a velocity of 750 m / s, and the increase is ~27.7%.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same steps as Example 1 to obtain a chemical formula of Co 2 Ni 2 CrV and Co2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 The alloy of, the components are composed according to the molar ratio of the subscripts in the chemical formula.

[0043] For Co 2 Ni 2 CrV and Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 XRD, SEM characterization, tensile properties and penetration properties of the alloy were detected. The specific results are as follows: 1) Characterization results (1) The XRD results are as Figure 3 shown. It can be seen that only FCC phase exists in Co 2 Ni 2 CrV alloy (Ta-free); both FCC phase and Laves phase exist in Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 alloy (0.1Ta).

[0044] (2) Figure 4 In (a) is the SEM image of Co 2 Ni 2 CrV alloy. It can be seen that only FCC phase exists in it; (b) is the SEM image of Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 alloy. It can be seen that in addition to the FCC phase, a small amount of Laves phase exists.

[0045] 2) Performance results (1) The stress-strain curves are as Figure 6 shown. The ultimate tensile strengths of Co 2 Ni 2 CrV (Ta-free) and Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 (0.1Ta) alloy are ~ 571 MPa and ~ 622 MPa respectively, the yield strengths are ~ 305 MPa and ~ 402 MPa respectively, and the elongation rates are ~ 63.8 % and ~ 43.8 % respectively.

[0046] (2) The fitting curve of the ballistic penetration limit velocity is as Figure 7 shown. Co 2 Ni 2 CrV and Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1The ballistic limit velocities of the alloys are ~ 407.8 m / s and ~ 417.7 m / s respectively.

[0047] (3) The energy absorption of the alloy at different penetration velocities is as Figure 8 shown. At penetration velocities of 450 m / s, 550 m / s, 650 m / s, and 750 m / s, the energy absorptions of the Co 2 Ni 2 CrV multi-component alloys are 132.4 J, 140.3 J, 158.4 J, and 177.1 J respectively; at penetration velocities of 450 m / s, 550 m / s, 650 m / s, and 750 m / s, the energy absorptions of the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.1 multi-component alloys are 148.2 J, 165.3 J, 183.5 J, and 208.1 J respectively.

[0048] Comparative Example 2 A multi-component alloy with the chemical formula Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.5 was prepared by the same steps as in Example 1, and the components were composed according to the molar ratio of the subscripts in the chemical formula.

[0049] The Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.5 multi-component alloy was characterized by XRD and SEM.

[0050] The specific results are as follows: The XRD results are as Figure 3 shown. In the Co 2 Ni 2 CrVTa 0.5 (0.5Ta) multi-component alloy, the Laves phase further increased compared to Example 1 (0.3Ta). As shown in the SEM image in (d) of Figure 4 , the Laves phase is in large chunks, and this large chunk of Laves is extremely harmful to the tensile and penetration properties. Therefore, the multi-component alloy with further increased Ta element content was no longer characterized and tested.

[0051] In summary, in this example, by regulating the Ta element content, a reticular micron-scale Laves phase and nano-sized L1 2 precipitation phases were obtained directionally, improving the tensile properties of the alloy while effectively enhancing the penetration properties of the alloy. In addition, the preparation method of this multi-component alloy is simple and easy to implement, and its excellent fluidity is suitable for industrial production, greatly broadening the application of multi-component alloys in the field of armor protection and providing a new tissue regulation strategy for the field of armor protection.

[0052] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-component alloy resistant to penetration, characterized in that: The alloy chemical formula is Co2Ni2CrVTa x , x=0.1, 0.3 or 0.

5.

2. The method for preparing the penetration-resistant multi-component alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: After the melting furnace is evacuated, an inert gas is introduced to melt the Ti ingot 3 to 5 times. Each melting arc lasts for 60s to 80s, and the melting current is 240A to 270A. Ni, Co, Cr, V, and Ta are stacked in a smelting furnace in order from bottom to top, and smelted 5 to 6 times, with a smelting current of 240A to 270A, and each smelting arc lasts for 2 to 3 minutes; then the smelted metal solution is vacuum-casted to obtain the alloy; The molar ratios of Co, Ni, Cr, V and Ta added are 2:2:1:1:x, where x=0.1, 0.3 or 0.

5.

3. The method for preparing the penetration-resistant multi-component alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vacuum pumping means that the vacuum degree is 9×10 -4 Pa~1×10 -3 Pa.

4. The method for preparing the penetration-resistant multi-component alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The introducing of inert gas refers to introducing inert gas to a pressure of -0.03MPa to -0.02MPa.

5. The method for preparing the penetration-resistant multi-component alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inert gas is argon.

6. The method for preparing the penetration-resistant multi-component alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: Between two melting operations, electromagnetic stirring is performed 5 to 6 times, and each stirring time is 1 to 2 minutes.

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