Wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material and a preparation method and application thereof.The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises a guide rail base material and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail base material, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed by babbitt metal. The wear-resistant self-lubricating layer is formed on the surface of the guide rail base material, so that the wear resistance and the self-lubricating function of the guide rail base material can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials, and in particular, to a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Guide rails have a higher rated load than bearings and can also bear a certain torque, and can achieve high-precision linear motion under high loads. Therefore, high requirements are imposed on their accuracy, strength, wear resistance, etc.

[0003] Currently, the guide rails on the market are composed of guide rails, sliders, balls, etc., and the linear motion is realized by the rolling of the balls between the guide rail and the slider. The balls roll between the guide rail and the slider. After a long time, the guide rail will be damaged, resulting in a decrease in the moving accuracy of the guide rail, deformation, and in severe cases, the surface of the guide rail may be worn or partially fall off and fail, and the service life is greatly reduced. From the multi-faceted detection and long-term service test data, the root cause is poor surface wear resistance, insufficient toughness of the matrix material, etc. Alloy steel for guide rails is usually applied to fields with high-precision, high-rigidity, and high-stability requirements. Therefore, it is required that the core part has good toughness, and at the same time, the surface has high hardness, high strength, and wear resistance.

[0004] Currently, guide rails usually form an oil film on the rolling surface by adding lubricating oil, grease, etc., to reduce the friction between moving parts, prevent coking and reduce wear, and extend the rolling fatigue life. However, when different types of greases are mixed, situations such as an increase in consistency may occur, which may damage the system performance. When the guide rail is in a humid or corrosive gas environment for a long time, the surface is prone to rust, affecting the surface brightness of the guide rail, the chemical structure and composition of the metal material, and the pH value of the surface. And during operation, friction will be generated. If the guide rail with poor thermal conductivity has too much friction, it may cause too high a temperature rise, affecting the service life of the guide rail. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] The present invention solves its technical problems by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] The present invention provides a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes a guide rail base material and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail base material, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by babbit alloy.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes: using a laser cladding process to clad a laser cladding layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and then using a cold spraying process to fill the melted babbit alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0009] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the preparation of guide rails, lead screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, and braking systems.

[0010] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] The present invention provides a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, a preparation method thereof, and an application. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material provided by the present invention includes a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by babbit alloy. Forming the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer with the above composition on the surface of the guide rail substrate can effectively improve the wear resistance and self-lubricating function of the guide rail substrate. Description of the Drawings

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the method provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Those not specified in the embodiments are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Those reagents or instruments not specified by the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0015] The following specifically describes a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, a preparation method thereof, and an application provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] In the first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, including a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by babbit alloy.

[0017] Tin-based Babbitt alloy has advantages such as good antifriction property, embedability, and conformability, and is widely used in key components such as machine tool guide rails. To improve the performance of the guide rail substrate, the solution provided in the embodiments of the present invention uses surface modification technology to prepare a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by Babbitt alloy. The above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating layer is a Babbitt alloy cladding hard layer, which effectively improves the surface hardness and self-lubricating function of the guide rail substrate.

[0018] In some alternative embodiments, the hard phase is formed by laser cladding of a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconia powder;

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of aluminum powder to zirconia powder is (0.5 - 2):(2.8 - 4.5);

[0020] Preferably, the hard phase is a hard mixed phase containing at least two of aluminum, zirconia, alumina, and zirconium.

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention provide a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate. The wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by Babbitt alloy, and the hard phase is formed by laser cladding of a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconia powder. The following reaction occurs on the surface of the guide rail substrate by laser cladding at high temperature: Al + ZrO = Al 2 O 3 + Zr. By adjusting the ratio of aluminum powder to zirconia powder, a laser cladding layer containing at least two of aluminum, zirconia, alumina, and zirconium in the hard mixed phase can be cladded on the surface of the guide rail substrate, which can effectively improve the wear resistance of the guide rail substrate. In addition, the laser cladding layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate by laser cladding can improve the bonding characteristics between the laser cladding layer and the guide rail substrate, which is also beneficial to improving the bonding force of Babbitt alloy on the surface of the guide rail substrate.

[0022] In some alternative embodiments, the self-lubricating reinforcement phase is filled inside and on the surface of the hard phase particles;

[0023] Preferably, the proportion of the self-lubricating reinforcement phase in the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer is 25 - 38%. After melting the Babbitt alloy powder and filling it inside and on the surface of the hard phase particles, the self-lubricating function of the guide rail can be improved.

[0024] In some alternative embodiments, the performance of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0025] (1) The surface hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 2000 - 2200 HV, and the depth of the hardened layer is 2 - 4 mm;

[0026] (2) The hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the guide rail substrate, and the wear resistance is 3 to 5 times higher.

[0027] (3) The average friction coefficient on the surface of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is reduced by 4 to 5 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0028] (4) The rated life of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is increased by 4 to 5 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0029] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes: using a laser cladding process to clad a laser cladding layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and then using a cold spraying process to fill the melted babbit alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0030] In some alternative embodiments, the laser cladding process includes the following steps: after irradiating the laser along the direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate, a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconia powder is sent to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45 to 60° with the laser irradiation direction for laser cladding.

[0031] In some alternative embodiments, the conditions of the laser cladding process are as follows: controlling the laser power to be 2000 to 4000 W, the diameter of the laser spot to be 3 to 5 mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device to be 5 to 10 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head to be 3 to 7 Hz, the powder feeding amount to be 80 to 100 g / min, and the temperature of the laser cladding powder to be set at 800 to 930 °C.

[0032] In some alternative embodiments, the cold spraying process includes the following steps: using a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon as the powder feeding gas, heating the powder feeding gas to 250 to 320 °C and then entering the spray gun to mix with the babbit alloy powder to form a supersonic airflow, controlling the cold spraying process conditions so that the melted babbit alloy liquid fills into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0033] In some alternative embodiments, the cold spraying process conditions are as follows: powder feeding pressure: 0.5 to 0.8 MPa, powder feeding speed: 15 to 50 g / min, powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min.

[0034] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an application of the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the preparation of guide rails, lead screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, brake systems, etc.

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0036] The performance tests of the guide rail base materials and guide rail materials in the following examples and comparative examples are based on the following:

[0037] The Vickers hardness was measured according to GB / T 4340.1-2009 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method.

[0038] The hardened layer depth was measured according to GB / T 5617-2005 Determination of effective hardened layer depth after induction or flame hardening of steel.

[0039] The wear resistance was measured according to GB 10622-1989 Metallic materials - Method of rolling contact fatigue test.

[0040] The rated life was measured according to JB / T 13813.7-2020 Reliability and life of rolling functional components - Part 7: Test code for rated dynamic load and fatigue life of rolling linear guideway pairs.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A preparation method of wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Polish the surface of the guide rail base material with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide scale, and put it into ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min.

[0044] Step 2: Select aluminum powder and zirconia powder with a mass ratio of 1:3.43, mix them evenly, and send the mixed powder to the processing surface of the guide rail base material at an angle of 45° to the laser irradiation direction. The laser cladding parameters are as follows: laser power is 3000 W, the diameter of the laser spot is 4 mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device is 8 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 5 Hz, and the powder feeding amount is 80 g / min. The temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 850 °C, and the mixed powder of this ratio fully reacts to form a two-phase hard phase cladding layer of alumina and zirconium.

[0045] Step 3: Select tin-based Babbitt alloy powder with a powder particle size of micron level, heat the powder feeding gas to 300 °C with a gas heater for cold spraying, and fill the melted tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. The cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding gas is nitrogen + argon, the powder feeding pressure: 0.7 MPa, the powder feeding speed: 30 g / min, the powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, the powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. The power of the gas heater: 4 KW, the input power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0046] Step 4: Conduct micro-grinding on the surface of the guide rail base material to make its surface flat.

[0047] For the composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, see Figure 1, it can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0048] The test results are as follows:

[0049] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2050 HV, which is 3.2 times that of the substrate (guide rail substrate) without strengthening treatment. The wear resistance is increased by 4.1 times, and the depth of the hardened layer is 3.2 mm. The average friction coefficient of the surface of the guide rail material is reduced by 4.3 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate. The rated life (L10) of the guide rail material after strengthening is increased by 4.4 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A preparation method of wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Polish the surface of the guide rail substrate with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide scale, and put it into ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min.

[0053] Step 2: Select aluminum powder and zirconia powder with a mass ratio of 3:7 and mix them evenly. Then, send the mixed powder to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45° to the laser irradiation direction. The laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000 W, the diameter of the laser spot is 4 mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device is 8 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 5 Hz, and the powder feeding amount is 80 g / min. The temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 850 °C, and the mixed powder with this ratio does not fully react to form a three-phase hard phase cladding layer of aluminum, alumina and zirconium.

[0054] Step 3: Select tin-based Babbitt alloy powder with a powder particle size of micron level, heat the powder feeding gas to 300 °C by a gas heater for cold spraying, and fill the melted tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. The cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding gas is nitrogen + argon, the powder feeding pressure: 0.7 MPa, the powder feeding speed: 30 g / min, the powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, the powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. The power of the gas heater: 4 KW, the input power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0055] Step 4: Carry out micro-grinding on the surface of the guide rail substrate to make its surface flat.

[0056] For the composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, see Figure 1 , it can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0057] The test results are as follows:

[0058] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2100 HV, which is 3.5 times that of the base material (guide rail base material) without strengthening treatment. The wear resistance is increased by 4.3 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.3 mm. The average friction coefficient of the guide rail material surface is reduced by 4.3 times compared with the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 4.6 times compared with the guide rail base material.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A preparation method of wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Polish the surface of the guide rail base material with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide scale, and put it into ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min.

[0062] Step 2: Select aluminum powder and zirconia powder with a mass ratio of 1:4 and mix them evenly. Then send the mixed powder to the processing surface of the guide rail base material at an angle of 45° to the laser irradiation direction. The laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000 W, the diameter of the laser spot is 4 mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device is 8 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 5 Hz, and the powder feeding amount is 80 g / min. The temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 850 °C. The mixed powder with this ratio does not fully react to form a three-phase hard phase cladding layer of zirconia, alumina and zirconium.

[0063] Step 3: Select tin-based Babbitt alloy powder with a powder particle size of micron level. Use a gas heater for cold spraying to heat the powder feeding gas to 300 °C. The melted tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid fills into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. The cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding gas is nitrogen + argon, the powder feeding pressure: 0.7 MPa, the powder feeding speed: 30 g / min, the powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, the powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. The power of the gas heater: 4 KW, the input power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0064] Step 4: Carry out micro-grinding on the surface of the guide rail base material to make its surface flat.

[0065] For the composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, see Figure 1 , it can be seen that: the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail base material includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0066] The test results are as follows:

[0067] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2090 HV, which is 3.5 times that of the base material (guide rail base material) without strengthening treatment. The wear resistance is increased by 4.3 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.3 mm. The average friction coefficient of the guide rail material surface is reduced by 4.3 times compared with the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 4.5 times compared with the guide rail base material.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A preparation method of wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Polish the surface of the guide rail substrate with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide scale, and put it into ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min.

[0071] Step 2: Select aluminum powder and zirconia powder with a mass ratio of 8:21, mix them evenly, and send the mixed powder to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45° to the laser irradiation direction. The laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000 W, the diameter of the laser spot is 4 mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device is 8 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 5 Hz, and the powder feeding amount is 80 g / min. The temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 850 °C, and the mixed powder with this ratio does not fully react to form a four-phase hard phase cladding layer of aluminum, zirconia, alumina and zirconium.

[0072] Step 3: Select tin-based Babbitt alloy powder with a powder particle size of micron level, heat the powder feeding gas to 300 °C by a gas heater for cold spraying, and fill the melted tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcing phase. The cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding gas is nitrogen + argon, the powder feeding pressure: 0.7 MPa, the powder feeding speed: 30 g / min, the powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, the powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. The power of the gas heater: 4 KW, the input power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0073] Step 4: Conduct micro-grinding on the surface of the guide rail substrate to make its surface flat.

[0074] For the composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, see Figure 1 , it can be seen that: the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed by tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0075] The test results are as follows:

[0076] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2140 HV, which is 3.8 times that of the substrate (guide rail substrate) without strengthening treatment, the wear resistance is increased by 4.6 times, and the hardening layer depth is 3.5 mm. The average friction coefficient of the surface of the guide rail material is reduced by 4.5 times compared with the guide rail substrate. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 4.7 times compared with the guide rail substrate.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] A preparation method of wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Polish the surface of the guide rail substrate with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide scale, and then put it into ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0080] Step 2: Select aluminum powder and zirconia powder with a mass ratio of 4:9 and mix them evenly. Then, send the mixed powder to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45° to the laser irradiation direction. The laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the diameter of the laser spot is 4mm, the moving speed of the laser irradiation device is 8mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 5Hz, and the powder feeding rate is 100g / min. The temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 850°C. The mixed powder with this ratio does not fully react to form a four-phase hard phase cladding layer of aluminum, zirconia, alumina, and zirconium.

[0081] Step 3: Select tin-based Babbitt alloy powder with a powder particle size in the micron range. Use a gas heater for cold spraying to heat the powder feeding gas to 300°C, and fill the melted tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. The cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding gas is nitrogen + argon, the powder feeding pressure: 0.7MPa, the powder feeding speed: 50g / min, the powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, the powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1L / min. The power of the gas heater: 4KW, the input power supply: 220V, 50Hz.

[0082] Step 4: Conduct micro-grinding on the surface of the guide rail substrate to make its surface flat.

[0083] For the composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, refer to Figure 1 , and it can be seen that: the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0084] The test results are as follows:

[0085] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2200HV, which is 4 times that of the substrate (guide rail substrate) without strengthening treatment, the wear resistance is increased by 5 times, and the hardening layer depth is 4mm. The average friction coefficient of the surface of the guide rail material is reduced by 5 times compared with the guide rail substrate. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 5 times compared with the guide rail substrate.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] Similar to the steps of Example 1, the difference is that: only laser cladding treatment is carried out without cold spraying tin-based Babbitt alloy.

[0088] The test results are as follows:

[0089] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2050 HV, which is 3.8 times that of the unstrengthened substrate (guide rail substrate), the wear resistance is increased by 3 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.2 mm. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] Similar to the steps of Example 1, the difference is that: it only undergoes cold spraying of babbitt alloy without laser cladding treatment.

[0092] The test results are as follows:

[0093] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 400 HV, and the lubricating layer depth is 500 μm. The average friction coefficient on the surface of the guide rail material is reduced by 5 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] Similar to the steps of Example 4, the difference is that: the temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 700 °C.

[0096] The test results are as follows:

[0097] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 1560 HV, which is 2.3 times that of the unstrengthened one, the wear resistance is increased by 2 times, and the hardened layer depth is 2.4 mm. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 1.7 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] Similar to the steps of Example 4, the difference is that: the temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 1100 °C.

[0100] The test results are as follows:

[0101] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 1372 HV, which is 1.9 times that of the unstrengthened one, the wear resistance is increased by 1.2 times, and the hardened layer depth is 1.8 mm. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 1.4 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0102] Comparative Example 5

[0103] Similar to the steps of Example 4, the difference is that: the working gas is heated to 180 °C by the gas heater for cold spraying.

[0104] The test results are as follows:

[0105] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 2100 HV, the hardened layer depth is 3.2 mm, the wear resistance is increased by 2 times, the average friction coefficient on the guide rail surface is reduced by 1 time compared with that of the guide rail substrate, and the rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared with that of the guide rail substrate.

[0106] Comparative Example 6

[0107] Similar to the steps of Example 4, the difference is that the working gas is heated to 400 °C by the gas heater for cold spraying.

[0108] The test results are as follows:

[0109] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 2110 HV, the depth of the hardened layer is 3.2 mm, the wear resistance is increased by 2.1 times, the average friction coefficient of the guide rail surface is reduced by 0.8 times compared with the guide rail substrate, and the rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared with the guide rail substrate.

[0110] It can be seen from the above experimental results that the hard mixed phase cladding layer formed by mixing aluminum powder and zirconia powder, which is a two-phase or three-phase or four-phase hard mixed phase of aluminum, zirconia, alumina and zirconium, and the adjustment of process parameters have different effects on the surface strengthening of the guide rail. Moreover, it is necessary to have both the hard phase and the babbit alloy lubricating phase at the same time, and the process parameters are within the specified range to achieve the expected effects of wear resistance, friction reduction and service life improvement.

[0111] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, characterized in that: The invention comprises a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, wherein the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed by a babbitt alloy.

2. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hard phase is formed by laser cladding of a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder; Preferably, the mass ratio of aluminum powder to zirconium oxide powder is (0.5-2): (2.8-4.5); Preferably, the hard phase is a hard mixed phase containing at least two of aluminum, zirconium oxide, or aluminum oxide and zirconium.

3. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-lubricating reinforcement phase is filled inside and on the surface of the hard phase particles; Preferably, the self-lubricating reinforcement phase accounts for 25-38% of the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer.

4. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The performance of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material meets one of the following conditions: (1) The surface hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 2000-2200 HV, and the depth of the hardened layer is 2-4 mm; (2) The hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the guide rail base material, and the wear resistance is 3 to 5 times higher; (3) The average friction coefficient of the surface of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4 to 5 times lower than that of the guide rail substrate; (4) The rated life of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4-5 times longer than that of the guide rail base material.

5. A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It includes: A laser cladding layer is clad on the surface of the guide rail substrate by a laser cladding process, and then a cold spraying process is used to fill the melted babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The laser cladding process includes the following steps: after irradiating the laser in a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate, a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder is sent to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees with the laser irradiation direction for laser cladding.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The conditions of the laser cladding process are as follows: control the laser power to 2000-4000 W, the diameter of the laser spot to 3-5 mm, the movement rate of the laser irradiation device to 5-10 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head to 3-7 Hz, the powder feeding amount to 80-100 g / min, and the laser cladding powder temperature to 800-930 °C.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cold spraying process comprises the following steps: using a mixture of nitrogen and argon as powder feeding gas, heating the powder feeding gas to 250-320° C., and then entering the spray gun to mix with the babbitt alloy powder to form a supersonic airflow, and controlling the cold spraying process conditions so that the melted babbitt alloy liquid is filled into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cold spraying process conditions are as follows: powder feeding pressure: 0.5-0.8 MPa, powder feeding speed: 15-50 g / min, powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min.

10. Use of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in the preparation of guide rails, lead screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, and brake systems.

Images