Detachable combined anchor rod and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a detachable combined anchor rod which comprises an anchor rod body, a base plate and a nut, the base plate and the nut are both mounted on the anchor rod body, the anchor rod body comprises a threaded mounting section rod body and a threaded dismounting section rod body, and the threaded mounting section rod body and the threaded dismounting section rod body are arranged in an attached mode. When the mounting section rod body with the threads and the dismounting section rod body with the threads are staggered, the outer diameter of the anchor rod body is increased; the base plate comprises an embedded mounting base plate and an embedded dismounting base plate; the embedded mounting base plate is provided with a groove, so that the threaded dismounting section rod body can be embedded into the groove; and the embedded dismounting base plate is provided with a through groove, so that the threaded dismounting section rod body moves in the through groove. When the anchor rod is applied, a multi-point or full-length anchoring mode is adopted, the anchoring force is high, meanwhile, the recyclable function is achieved, and the anchor rod can be completely recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel support, and specifically to a detachable combined bolt and its construction method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the number of tunnel reconstruction and expansion projects is increasing day by day, and the use of detachable bolts as temporary reinforcement measures during the reconstruction and expansion process has been gradually promoted. Among them, the most widely used detachable bolt is the swelled-shell prestressed bolt. However, this type of bolt has two obvious deficiencies: First, the swelled-shell prestressed bolt is a "single-point" anchoring form, and the bearing capacity of the hole wall surrounding rock is not fully utilized. When the prestress applied during use is too large, single-point anchoring failure is likely to occur, and the single-point anchoring form is relatively sensitive to vibration (including blasting vibration, mechanical vibration, etc.), resulting in poor anchoring reliability; Second, it is generally difficult to fully recover the swelled-shell prestressed bolt. Whether it is a push-pull type or a rotary type, the swelled-shell anchor head is difficult to recover. Or, if the swelled-shell part is pushed inward for recovery, the swelled-shell structure will become complicated and the operation process will increase. Therefore, how to achieve the full recovery of detachable bolts, improve the anchoring performance, and facilitate on-site construction has become an urgent problem in the field of anchoring tools and anchoring construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing detachable bolts, which have poor anchoring reliability and are difficult to fully recover, and provide a detachable combined bolt and its construction method. When in use, it adopts a multi-point or full-length anchoring form, has strong anchoring force, and at the same time has a recoverable function and can fully recover the bolt.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a detachable combined bolt, including a bolt body, a backing plate, and a nut. The backing plate and the nut are both installed on the bolt body. The bolt body includes a threaded installation section rod and a threaded disassembly section rod. The threaded installation section rod and the threaded disassembly section rod are arranged in a fitting manner. When the threaded installation section rod and the threaded disassembly section rod are misaligned, the outer diameter of the bolt body increases; the backing plate includes an embedded installation backing plate and an embedded disassembly backing plate; the embedded installation backing plate is provided with a groove for the threaded disassembly section rod to be embedded therein; the embedded disassembly backing plate is provided with a through groove for the threaded disassembly section rod to move therein; during installation, the embedded installation backing plate and the nut are sequentially installed on the threaded installation section rod, and during disassembly, the embedded disassembly backing plate and the nut are sequentially installed on the threaded disassembly section rod.

[0006] In the prior art, the most widely used detachable bolt is the swelled-shell prestressed bolt. However, it has two obvious deficiencies. Firstly, the swelled-shell prestressed bolt is in the form of single-point anchoring, and its utilization of the bearing capacity of the hole wall surrounding rock is insufficient. When the prestress is too large during application, single-point anchoring failure is likely to occur, and the single-point anchoring form is relatively sensitive to vibration (including blasting vibration, mechanical vibration, etc.), resulting in poor anchoring reliability. Secondly, it is generally difficult to fully recover the swelled-shell prestressed bolt. Whether it is a push-pull type or a rotary type, the swelled-shell anchor head is difficult to recover. Or, if the swelled-shell part is pushed inward for recovery, the swelled-shell structure will become complex and the operation process will increase.

[0007] Based on the problems existing in the above prior art, the present application provides a detachable combined bolt. The bolt body is split into a threaded installation section rod body and a threaded disassembly section rod body that are fitted together. When installing the bolt body, the fixed threaded installation section rod body and the threaded disassembly section rod body are sent into the anchor hole, and an embedded installation backing plate and a nut are sequentially installed on the threaded installation section rod body, and the nut is tightened. At this time, the threaded disassembly section rod body is embedded in the groove of the embedded installation backing plate and abuts against the embedded installation backing plate, and the threaded disassembly section rod body does not contact the upper hole wall of the anchor hole. Then, the nut is turned by a torque wrench to make the threaded installation section rod body slide outward from the anchor hole opening. At this time, since the threaded installation section rod body slides outward, and the threaded disassembly section rod body abuts against the embedded installation backing plate, it will not slide outward together with the threaded installation section rod body. During the process of the threaded installation section rod body sliding outward from the anchor hole opening, the threaded installation section rod body gradually dislocates from the threaded disassembly section rod body, causing the outer diameter of the bolt body to increase, so that the threaded disassembly section rod body gradually contacts the upper hole wall of the anchor hole. When the torque increases to a predetermined value, the installation is completed. At this time, the threaded disassembly section rod body contacts the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, and the threaded installation section rod body contacts the lower hole wall of the anchor hole, realizing multi-point or full-length anchoring of the bolt body with strong anchoring force. When it is necessary to disassemble and recover the bolt body, the nut is rotated in the reverse direction until it disengages from the threaded installation section rod body, and the embedded installation backing plate is removed. An embedded disassembly backing plate and a nut are sequentially installed on the threaded disassembly section rod body, and the nut is tightened. The nut is turned by a torque wrench, and the threaded disassembly section rod body slides out of the anchor hole through the through groove of the embedded installation and disassembly backing plate. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod body and the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, the bolt body is taken out, and at this time, the bolt body can be completely recovered. By the above method, the present invention can make the bolt have stronger anchoring force through multi-point anchoring or full-length anchoring when installing the bolt body. At the same time, when disassembling the bolt body, the bolt body can also be recovered as a whole, and the operation is simple and convenient for on-site construction.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the threaded installation section rod body includes a threaded section and a stretching section, and the threaded disassembly section rod body includes a Z-shaped threaded section and a disassembly section, and the stretching section fits with the disassembly section.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the embedded mounting backing plate includes an open flat plate and a closed bowl-shaped structural plate for the installation of the anchor rod body. During installation, the nut, the closed bowl-shaped structural plate, and the open flat plate are sequentially arranged on the threaded section in the direction close to the stretching section; the embedded dismounting backing plate includes an open flat plate and an open bowl-shaped structural plate for the dismounting of the anchor rod body. During dismounting, the nut, the open bowl-shaped structural plate, and the open flat plate are sequentially arranged on the Z-shaped threaded section in the direction close to the dismounting section.

[0010] In a possible implementation, when installing the anchor rod body, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section parallel to the rock face is inserted into the opening of the open flat plate and abuts against the closed bowl-shaped structural plate.

[0011] In a possible implementation, when dismounting the anchor rod body, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section parallel to the rock face is inserted into the opening of the open flat plate, and the opening of the open bowl-shaped structural plate coincides with the opening of the open flat plate.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the nut includes a hexagonal nut and a spherical washer. The hexagonal nut and the spherical washer are integrally formed, and an internal thread is provided inside the spherical washer.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the thread structures of the threaded mounting section rod body and the threaded dismounting section rod body are the same.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the stretching section of the threaded mounting section rod body is one of a double-sided wave form, a single-sided inner wave form, or a single inclined form, and the dismounting section of the threaded dismounting section rod body fits with the stretching section of the threaded mounting section rod body.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an anchor rod construction method, including the following steps:

[0016] S1: Determine the target rock mass, and drill an anchor hole on the target rock mass. The drilled hole diameter is larger than the outer diameter when the threaded mounting section rod body and the threaded dismounting section rod body are in contact, and smaller than the outer diameter when the threaded mounting section rod body and the threaded dismounting section rod body are misaligned;

[0017] S2: Send the fixed anchor rod body into the hole, sequentially install the embedded mounting backing plate and the nut on the threaded section of the threaded mounting section rod body, and manually tighten the nut;

[0018] S3: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut, so that the threaded mounting section rod body slides outwards to a certain distance from the anchor hole opening. At this time, the threaded dismounting section rod body contacts the hole wall, and continue to increase the torque to a predetermined value to complete the installation;

[0019] S4: During disassembly, rotate the nut in the reverse direction until it disengages from the threaded section of the threaded installation section rod, and remove the embedded installation backing plate.

[0020] S5: Install the embedded disassembly backing plate and the nut in sequence on the Z-shaped threaded section of the threaded disassembly section rod, and manually tighten the nut.

[0021] S6: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut, causing the threaded disassembly section rod to slide outwards from the anchor hole by a certain distance. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod and the hole wall, remove the anchor rod to complete the disassembly.

[0022] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention realizes multi-point or full-length anchoring by the contact between the lower end of the threaded installation section rod and the upper end of the threaded disassembly section rod with the anchor hole wall, enhancing the anchoring ability of the anchor rod. The present invention sets the anchor rod body as a combination of the threaded installation section rod and the threaded disassembly section rod, and divides the backing plate into an embedded installation backing plate and an embedded disassembly backing plate. During installation, the threaded disassembly section rod is fixed by the embedded installation backing plate, enabling it to move only in the direction perpendicular to the anchor hole. After the threaded installation section rod moves outwards from the anchor hole by a certain distance, the anchoring is completed. During disassembly, the threaded disassembly section rod can move in the through slot of the embedded disassembly backing plate through the embedded disassembly backing plate. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod and the anchor hole wall, the anchor rod body can be taken out, realizing the full recovery of the anchor rod. Description of the Drawings

[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, form a part of this application, and do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchor rod during installation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchor rod during disassembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the embedded installation backing plate in

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the embedded disassembly backing plate in

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the single-slope form anchor rod of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a flow chart of the construction method of the anchor rod of the present invention.

[0030] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 10, nut; 11, hexagonal nut; 12, spherical washer; 20, embedded type mounting backing plate; 21, embedded groove; 22, open flat plate; 23, closed bowl-shaped structural plate; 24, central hole; 25, open bowl-shaped structural plate; 29, embedded type dismounting backing plate; 30, threaded mounting section rod body; 31, threaded section; 32, stretching section; 40, threaded dismounting section rod body; 41, Z-shaped threaded section; 42, dismounting section; 50, fixing wire. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment:

[0033] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, this embodiment provides a detachable combined type bolt, including a bolt body, a backing plate and a nut 10. The backing plate and the nut 10 are both installed on the bolt body. The bolt body includes a threaded mounting section rod body 30 and a threaded dismounting section rod body 40. The threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are arranged in a fitting manner. When the threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are misaligned, the outer diameter of the bolt body increases. The backing plate includes an embedded type mounting backing plate 20 and an embedded type dismounting backing plate 29. The embedded type mounting backing plate 20 is provided with a groove for the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 to be embedded therein. The embedded type dismounting backing plate 29 is provided with a through groove for the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 to move therein. During installation, the embedded type mounting backing plate 20 and the nut 10 are sequentially installed on the threaded mounting section rod body 30. During dismounting, the embedded type dismounting backing plate 29 and the nut 10 are sequentially installed on the threaded dismounting section rod body 40.

[0034] In the prior art, the most widely used detachable bolt is the expanding shell type prestressed bolt. However, it has two obvious deficiencies. One is that the expanding shell type prestressed bolt is in the form of single-point anchoring, and its utilization of the bearing capacity of the hole wall surrounding rock is insufficient. When the prestress is too large during application, single-point anchoring failure is likely to occur, and the single-point anchoring form is relatively sensitive to vibrations (including blasting vibrations, mechanical vibrations, etc.), and the anchoring reliability is poor. The other is that the expanding shell type prestressed bolt is generally difficult to be fully recovered. Whether it is a push-pull type or a rotary type, the expanding shell anchor head is difficult to recover. Or adopting the method of pushing the expanding shell part inward for recovery will make the expanding shell structure more complex and the operation process more numerous.

[0035] Based on the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, in this embodiment, the above technical solution is adopted, and the bolt body is split into a threaded installation section rod body 30 and a threaded disassembly section rod body 40 which are arranged in a fitting manner. When installing the bolt body, the fixed threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 are sent into the anchor hole, and an embedded installation backing plate 20 and a nut 10 are sequentially installed on the threaded installation section rod body 30, and the nut 10 is tightened. At this time, the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 is embedded in the groove of the embedded installation backing plate 20 and abuts against the embedded installation backing plate 20, and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 does not contact the upper hole wall of the anchor hole. Then, the nut 10 is rotated by a torque wrench to make the threaded installation section rod body 30 slide outwards towards the anchor hole opening. At this time, since the threaded installation section rod body 30 slides outwards, and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 does not slide outwards together with the threaded installation section rod body 30 because it abuts against the embedded installation backing plate 20. During the process of the threaded installation section rod body 30 sliding outwards towards the anchor hole opening, the threaded installation section rod body 30 is gradually misaligned with the threaded disassembly section rod body 40, so that the outer diameter of the bolt body increases, thereby making the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 gradually contact the upper hole wall of the anchor hole. When the torque increases to a predetermined value, the installation is completed. At this time, the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 contacts the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, and the threaded installation section rod body 30 contacts the lower hole wall of the anchor hole, realizing multi-point or full-length anchoring of the bolt body, and the anchoring force is strong. When it is necessary to disassemble and recover the bolt body, the nut 10 is rotated in the reverse direction until it disengages from the threaded installation section rod body 30, and the embedded installation backing plate 20 is removed. An embedded disassembly backing plate 29 and a nut 10 are sequentially installed on the threaded disassembly section rod body 40, and the nut 10 is tightened. The nut 10 is rotated by a torque wrench, and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 slides outwards through the through groove of the embedded disassembly backing plate 29 towards the anchor hole. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 and the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, the bolt body is taken out, and at this time, the bolt body can be recovered completely. Through the above method, in this embodiment, when installing the bolt body, the bolt can have a stronger anchoring force through multi-point anchoring or full-length anchoring. At the same time, when disassembling the bolt body, the bolt body can also be recovered as a whole, and the operation is simple and convenient for on-site construction. In this embodiment, when fixing the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40, the two are fixed by a fixing wire 50. In this embodiment, the fixing wire 50 only plays a role of fastening the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 during the process of the bolt body extending into the anchor hole, so that there is no relative displacement between the two, and it does not limit the movement of the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 during the process of the nut 10 being rotated by a torque wrench to make the threaded installation section rod body 30 slide outwards towards the anchor hole.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the threaded mounting section rod body 30 includes a threaded section 31 and a stretching section 32, and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 includes a Z-shaped threaded section 41 and a dismounting section 42, and the stretching section 32 fits with the dismounting section 42. In this embodiment, when installing the anchor bolt body, the nut 10 needs to be installed on the threaded mounting section rod body 30, and when disassembling, the nut 10 needs to be installed on the threaded dismounting section rod body 40. Therefore, both the threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are provided with threaded portions. For the threaded dismounting section rod body 40, during installation, the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 will partially embed into the groove of the embedded mounting backing plate 20, that is, the threaded portion of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 will embed into the groove of the embedded mounting backing plate 20. At this time, since the embedded mounting backing plate 20 is closely attached to the rock wall, if the threaded portion of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 is set as a straight line type, then the threaded portion of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 will be extremely short, and it will be very inconvenient during disassembly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the threaded portion of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 is set as the Z-shaped threaded section 41. In this way, during installation, the threaded end of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 is placed outside the anchor hole, the other end thereof is connected to the dismounting section 42 and extends into the anchor hole, and the middle connecting section is parallel to the rock surface where the anchor hole is located and closely attached to the rock surface. At the same time, the middle connecting section embeds into the groove of the embedded mounting backing plate 20. At this time, the length of its threaded end can be set arbitrarily, which can facilitate subsequent disassembly while not affecting the installation of the embedded mounting backing plate 20.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the embedded mounting backing plate 20 includes an open flat plate 22 and a closed bowl-shaped structural plate 23, which are used for the installation of the anchor bolt body. During installation, the nut 10, the closed bowl-shaped structural plate 23, and the open flat plate 22 are sequentially arranged on the threaded section 31 in the direction close to the stretching section 32; the embedded dismounting backing plate 29 includes an open flat plate 22 and an open bowl-shaped structural plate 25, which are used for the disassembly of the anchor bolt body. During disassembly, the nut 10, the open bowl-shaped structural plate 25, and the open flat plate 22 are sequentially arranged on the Z-shaped threaded section 41 in the direction close to the dismounting section 42. In this embodiment, the embedded mounting backing plate 20 includes an open flat plate 22 and a closed bowl-shaped structural plate 23. The open flat plate 22 abuts against the rock surface where the anchor hole is located during installation, and its opening combines with the closed bowl-shaped structural plate 23 to form a groove, so that the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 can be placed in the groove; the embedded dismounting backing plate 29 includes an open flat plate 22 and an open bowl-shaped structural plate 25. The opening of the open flat plate 22 and the open bowl-shaped structural plate 25 forms a through groove, and the opening is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40, so that the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 can move freely in the through groove, facilitating the movement of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 during disassembly.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the open flat plate 22, the closed bowl-shaped structure plate 23, and the open bowl-shaped structure plate 25 are all provided with coaxial central holes 24 for the threaded installation section rod body 30 or the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 to pass through. The opening of the open flat plate 22 is the embedding groove 21 for the Z-shaped threaded section 41 to be embedded.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner, when installing the bolt body, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 parallel to the rock surface is embedded into the opening of the open flat plate 22 and abuts against the closed bowl-shaped structure plate 23. To prevent the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 from moving along with the threaded installation section rod body 30 during the process of the threaded installation section rod body 30 sliding out of the anchor hole and to enable the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 to be smoothly misaligned to complete the anchoring, in this embodiment, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 of the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 is embedded into the opening of the open flat plate 22 and abuts against the closed bowl-shaped structure plate 23, that is, the outer diameter of the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 parallel to the rock surface is equal to the thickness of the open flat plate 22. At this time, during the movement of the threaded installation section rod body 30, due to the blocking of the closed bowl-shaped structure plate 23, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 parallel to the rock surface will not undergo lateral displacement between the closed bowl-shaped structure plate 23 and the rock surface, so that the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 will not undergo lateral displacement and will only undergo longitudinal displacement during the movement of the threaded installation section rod body 30, thereby causing the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 to be misaligned, and finally realizing the installation of the bolt body.

[0040] In a possible implementation manner, when disassembling the bolt body, the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 parallel to the rock surface is embedded into the opening of the open flat plate 22, and the opening of the open bowl-shaped structure plate 25 coincides with the opening of the open flat plate 22. In this embodiment, the coincidence of the opening of the open bowl-shaped structure plate 25 and the opening of the open flat plate 22 enables the rod body of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 parallel to the rock surface to move at the opening of the open flat plate 22 and the opening of the open bowl-shaped structure plate 25 during the disassembly process of the bolt body, so that the disassembly section 42 of the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 can be separated from the upper hole wall of the anchor hole to complete the disassembly.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, when installing the embedded mounting pad 20, the opening of the open flat plate 22 faces the threaded end of the Z-shaped threaded section 41, so that the rod body parallel to the rock surface of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 can be smoothly embedded into the groove; when installing the embedded dismounting pad 29, the openings of the open flat plate 22 and the open bowl-shaped structural plate 25 should both face the rod body of the threaded mounting section 30, so that the rod body parallel to the rock surface of the Z-shaped threaded section 41 can be smoothly embedded into the through groove. For this embodiment, in order to prevent the lateral displacement of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 during installation, the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 needs to be fixed. During dismounting, since both the threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 need to be disassembled, the threaded mounting section rod body 30 can be fixed or not. Finally, it is only necessary to separate the dismounting section 42 of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 from the upper hole wall of the anchor hole. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the lateral direction refers to the direction parallel to the anchor hole, not necessarily the horizontal direction, and the longitudinal direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the anchor hole, not necessarily perpendicular to the horizontal direction. Fixing the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 means restricting the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 in the lateral direction, without restricting the movement of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 in the longitudinal direction.

[0042] In a possible implementation manner, the nut 10 includes a hexagonal nut 11 and a spherical washer 12. The hexagonal nut 11 and the spherical washer 12 are integrally formed, and an internal thread is provided inside the spherical washer 12. In this embodiment, spherical grooves are provided on both the open bowl-shaped structural plate 25 and the closed bowl-shaped structural plate 23. During the installation of the nut 10, after tightening the hexagonal nut 11, the spherical washer 12 is placed in the spherical groove. Then, a torque wrench is used to rotate the hexagonal nut 11 to move the threaded mounting section rod body 30 or the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 out of the anchor hole. Due to the blocking of the bowl-shaped structural plate, the spherical washer 12 will not continue to move towards the anchor hole, so that the threaded mounting section rod body 30 or the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 can smoothly move out of the anchor hole, thereby completing anchoring or dismounting. At the same time, due to the presence of the spherical washer 12 and the spherical groove, the nut 10 will not damage the bowl-shaped structural plate.

[0043] In a possible implementation manner, the thread structures of the threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are the same. In this embodiment, setting the thread structures of the threaded mounting section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 to be the same enables the use of the same torque rotation tool for the anchor bolt body during installation and dismounting, facilitating on-site construction.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the stretching section 32 of the threaded installation section rod body 30 is one of a double-sided wave form, a single-sided inner wave form or a single inclined form, and the dismounting section 42 of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 fits with the structure of the stretching section 32 of the threaded installation section rod body 30. In order to enable the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 to displace longitudinally after the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are misaligned, so that the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 can abut against the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, thereby realizing anchoring. In this embodiment, the stretching section 32 of the threaded installation section rod body 30 is one of a double-sided wave form, a single-sided inner wave form or a single inclined form, and the dismounting section 42 of the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 fits with the structure of the stretching section 32 of the threaded installation section rod body 30.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown is the double-sided wave structure of the anchor rod body. For the double-sided wave structure, during the installation process, when the threaded installation section rod body 30 moves outwards, the fitting stretching section 32 and dismounting section 42 are misaligned. The lower end of the stretching section 32 abuts against the lower hole wall of the anchor hole and moves outwards of the anchor hole. At this time, due to the blocking effect of the embedded installation pad 20, the dismounting section 42 does not move outwards of the anchor hole along with the stretching section 32. At the same time, due to the special form of the double-sided wave, when the stretching section 32 and the dismounting section 42 are misaligned, the stretching section 32 drives the dismounting section 42 to move in a direction perpendicular to the anchor hole during the lateral movement, and finally the lower end of the dismounting section 42 is close to the stretching section 32, and the upper end is close to the upper hole wall of the anchor hole, thereby realizing anchoring. Due to the double-sided wave structure, both the upper end and the lower end of the anchor rod body abut against the anchor hole wall, thereby forming a multi-point anchoring form. Compared with single-point anchoring, the anchoring force is stronger.

[0046] As Figure 5 shown is the single inclined structure of the anchor rod body. Compared with the double-sided wave form, this structure realizes full-length anchoring and further enhances the anchoring ability.

[0047] As Figure 6 shown, based on the above detachable combined anchor rod, this embodiment also provides an anchor rod construction method for the construction of the above detachable combined anchor rod, including the following steps:

[0048] S1: Determine the target rock mass, and drill an anchor hole on the target rock mass. The drilled hole diameter is larger than the outer diameter when the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are fitted, and smaller than the outer diameter when the threaded installation section rod body 30 and the threaded dismounting section rod body 40 are misaligned;

[0049] S2: Send the fixed anchor rod body into the hole, and sequentially install the embedded installation pad 20 and the nut 10 on the threaded section of the threaded installation section rod body 30, and manually tighten the nut 10;

[0050] S3: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut 10, causing the threaded installation section rod body 30 to slide outward from the anchor hole opening to a certain distance. At this time, the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 contacts the hole wall. Continue to increase the torque to a predetermined value to complete the installation.

[0051] S4: During disassembly, reverse-rotate the nut 10 until it disengages from the threaded section 31 of the threaded installation section rod body 30, and remove the embedded installation backing plate 20.

[0052] S5: Install the embedded disassembly backing plate 29 and the nut 10 in sequence on the Z-shaped threaded section 41 of the threaded disassembly section rod body 40, and manually tighten the nut 10.

[0053] S6: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut 10, causing the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 to slide outward from the anchor hole opening to a certain distance. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod body 40 and the hole wall, remove the anchor rod to complete the disassembly.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable combined anchor rod, comprising an anchor rod body, a backing plate and a nut (10), wherein the backing plate and the nut (10) are both mounted on the anchor rod body, characterized in that: The anchor rod body comprises a threaded installation section rod body (30) and a threaded disassembly section rod body (40), wherein the threaded installation section rod body (30) and the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) are arranged in close contact with each other, and when the threaded installation section rod body (30) and the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) are misaligned, the outer diameter of the anchor rod body increases; the pad comprises an embedded installation pad (20) and an embedded disassembly pad (29); the embedded installation pad (20) is provided with a groove so that the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) can be embedded therein; The embedded disassembly pad (29) is provided with a through groove so that the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) can move in the through groove; during installation, the embedded installation pad (20) and the nut (10) are sequentially installed on the threaded installation section rod body (30); during disassembly, the embedded disassembly pad (29) and the nut (10) are sequentially installed on the threaded disassembly section rod body (40).

2. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded installation section rod body (30) comprises a threaded section (31) and a stretching section (32), the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) comprises a Z-shaped threaded section (41) and a disassembly section (42), and the stretching section (32) fits with the disassembly section (42).

3. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The embedded installation pad (20) comprises an open flat plate (22) and a closed bowl-shaped structural plate (23), and is used for installing the anchor rod body. During installation, the nut (10), the closed bowl-shaped structural plate (23) and the open flat plate (22) are arranged on the threaded section (31) in a direction close to the stretching section (32). The embedded disassembly pad (29) comprises an open flat plate (22) and an open bowl-shaped structural plate (25), and is used for disassembling the anchor rod body. During disassembly, the nut (10), the open bowl-shaped structural plate (25) and the open flat plate (22) are arranged on the Z-shaped threaded section (41) in a direction close to the disassembly section (42).

4. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the anchor rod body is installed, the Z-shaped threaded section (41) is inserted into the opening of the open plate (22) parallel to the rock surface and contacts the closed bowl-shaped structural plate (23).

5. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the anchor rod body is disassembled, the Z-shaped threaded section (41) is embedded in the opening of the open plate (22) parallel to the rod body of the rock surface, and the opening of the open bowl-shaped structural plate (25) overlaps with the opening of the open plate (22).

6. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nut (10) comprises a hexagonal nut (11) and a spherical washer (12); the hexagonal nut (11) and the spherical washer (12) are integrally formed, and an internal thread is provided in the spherical washer (12).

7. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thread structures of the threaded installation section rod body (30) and the threaded removal section rod body (40) are consistent.

8. A detachable combined anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stretching section (32) of the threaded installation section rod body (30) is in one of a double-sided wave form, a single-sided inner wave form or a single-slant form, and the disassembly section (42) of the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) matches the structure of the stretching section (32) of the threaded installation section rod body (30).

9. An anchor bolt construction method, characterized in that: The detachable combined anchor rod according to any one of claims 2 to 8 is used, comprising the following steps: S1: determining a target rock mass, and opening an anchor hole in the target rock mass, wherein the diameter of the hole is larger than the outer diameter of the threaded installation section rod body (30) and the threaded removal section rod body (40) when they are fitted together, and smaller than the outer diameter of the threaded installation section rod body (30) and the threaded removal section rod body (40) when they are misaligned; S2: insert the fixed anchor rod body into the hole, install the embedded installation pad (20) and the nut (10) on the threaded section (31) of the rod body (30) with the threaded installation section in sequence, and tighten the nut (10) manually; S3: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut (10) so that the threaded installation section rod body (30) slides outward from the anchor hole to a certain distance. At this time, the threaded removal section rod body (40) contacts the hole wall. Continue to increase the torque to a predetermined value to complete the installation. S4: During disassembly, the nut (10) is rotated in the opposite direction until the threaded section (31) is separated from the rod body (30) with the threaded installation section, and the embedded installation pad (20) is removed; S5: sequentially install the embedded disassembly pad (29) and the nut (10) on the Z-shaped threaded section (41) of the threaded disassembly section rod (40), and manually tighten the nut (10); S6: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut (10) so that the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) slides outward from the anchor hole to a certain distance. When there is no pressure between the threaded disassembly section rod body (40) and the hole wall, remove the anchor rod to complete the disassembly.

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