Rigidity-variable impact energy absorption protection device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety, and discloses a variable-stiffness impact energy-absorbing protective device which solves the problem of low stability and comprises two supporting bases, a top beam is arranged at the top of each supporting base, a crawler belt is arranged on the inner side of each supporting base, a top moving gear is connected into each crawler belt in a meshed mode, and the top moving gear is connected with a bottom moving gear in a meshed mode. A base connecting plate is arranged at the top of each top beam, a plurality of energy absorption springs are arranged at the top of each base connecting plate, a first-stage stand column is arranged in each energy absorption spring, a second-stage stand column is slidably connected to the outer portion of each first-stage stand column, and a third-stage stand column is slidably connected to the outer portion of each second-stage stand column; the deformation process of the multiple energy absorption spring energy absorption bodies can absorb energy generated by rock burst, the rock burst peak value transmitted to the surface of the top beam is buffered, then sufficient time is provided for pressure relief of the safety valve, and therefore the phenomena of cylinder explosion and the like of the left supporting rod and the right supporting rod are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and specifically relates to a variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device. Background Art

[0002] During the coal production process, due to the complexity of geological conditions, hydraulic supports are in a harsh working environment. During the operation of the hydraulic support, the contact conditions between the top beam of the hydraulic support and the top rock wall of the coal mine roadway are constantly changing, and the pressure acting on it is also constantly changing. In addition, due to the change of the rock formation space, the top beam of the hydraulic support continuously bears impact loads. The impact load is extremely destructive, and the rock burst occurs relatively quickly. If the safety valve of the advanced hydraulic support fails to relieve pressure in time, the telescopic column of the hydraulic support will bulge, deform, and even burst. Therefore, the impact energy absorption protection device is of great significance for the use of hydraulic supports.

[0003] Through retrieval, a flexible top beam of a roadway impact prevention support is disclosed in the patent with the Chinese patent publication number CN116398196A, which includes a support top beam. A plurality of flexible devices are arranged above the support top beam, and a support plate is arranged above each flexible device. The plurality of support plates are in direct contact with the roadway roof; the flexible device at the sunken part of the roadway roof jacks up the support plate until it fits against the roadway roof and bears a certain load; the flexible device at the convex part of the roadway roof jacks up the support plate until it fits against the roadway roof and bears a certain load; the heights of the support plates at the sunken part and the convex part of the roadway roof are different, but both can bear a certain load to adapt to the uneven working conditions of the roadway roof.

[0004] Regarding the above related technologies, the inventor believes that there are the following defects: due to the spring, the flexible device in the above patent will cause the telescopic rod to break when the support plate is impacted because the telescopic rod is rigid, so the telescopic rod needs to be frequently replaced, resulting in a lower service life of the entire device.

[0005] However, most of the existing impact energy absorption devices are simply supported by springs or disc springs. This method has poor buffering and energy absorption effects, poor collision resistance and anti-impact characteristics. At the same time, this method has a poor supporting effect on coal mine roadways. Therefore, the invention proposes a variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device, which effectively solves the problems raised in the above background.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a variable-rigidity impact energy absorption protection device, comprising two support bases, each of which is fixed with a left support rod on the top of the support base, each of which is fixed with a top beam on the top of the left support rod, a controller is fixed with the top of the support base at the front end, a power supply is fixed to the right end of the controller, a track is provided on the inner side of each support base, each of which is meshed and connected with a top moving gear inside, each of which is provided with a bottom moving gear at the bottom, a moving motor is rotatably connected to the outer side of each of the top moving gears at the left end and each of the bottom moving gears at the left end, two moving tubes are provided on the front side of the support base at the rear end, each of which is slidably connected with a moving rod inside, and a switching gear is fixed to the outside of the moving rod at the left end. To the auxiliary gear, a reversing connecting auxiliary gear is fixed on the outside of the moving rod at the right end, a balance wheel is also provided on the inside of each moving tube and each moving rod, a plurality of bases are provided on the top of each top beam, a base connecting plate is fixed on the top of each base, a top plate is provided on the top of each base connecting plate, a plurality of energy absorption springs are provided on the top of each base connecting plate, a first-level column is provided inside each energy absorption spring, a second-level column is slidably connected to the outside of each first-level column, a third-level column is slidably connected to the outside of each second-level column, two pin shaft tubes are provided inside each first-level column and each second-level column, an axle pin is provided at the outer end of each pin shaft tube, a force storage disk is provided inside each pin shaft tube, and an axle pin rod is slidably connected inside each group of pin shaft tubes.

[0008] Preferably, a mobile camera is fixed to the left end of the support base at the rear end, and a right support rod is also fixed to the top of each support base, each right support rod is fixedly connected to the top beam at its top, and a connecting rod is also hinged on the top of each support base, and a connecting block is hinged on the top of each connecting rod, and each connecting block is hinged to the top beam at its top, and a stabilizing rod is hinged on the bottom of the right end of each connecting block, and each stabilizing rod is hinged to the support base at its bottom.

[0009] Preferably, two top connecting buckles are fixed at the bottom of each top beam, a top connecting rod is hinged between the front and rear top connecting buckles, a bottom connecting buckle is also fixed at the top of each support base, a bottom connecting rod is hinged between the two bottom connecting buckles, and a support block is rotatably connected to the right end of each top beam.

[0010] Preferably, a positioning bearing is fixed inside each of the support bases. The inner ring of each positioning bearing at the front end is fixedly connected to the moving rod, and the inner ring of each positioning bearing at the rear end is fixedly connected to the moving tube. A reversing motor is fixed to the rear side of the support base at the front end. A reversing main gear is rotatably connected to the rear end of the reversing motor. A reversing connecting gear is fixed to the rear end of the reversing main gear. The reversing main gear is meshed and connected with the reversing sub-gear. The reversing connecting gear is meshed and connected with the reversing connecting sub-gear through a chain.

[0011] Preferably, two moving plates are fixed to the outside of each moving tube and each moving rod. Each moving plate is rotatably connected to the top moving gear at one end thereof. Each moving motor is fixedly connected to the moving plate inside thereof.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning shaft is fixed to the outside of each moving rod and each moving tube. A positioning plate is slidably connected to the outside of each positioning shaft. Each positioning plate is fixedly connected to the balance wheel at one end thereof. A positioning spring is further provided on the outside of each positioning shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the outer end of each base is tightly connected to the top beam inside thereof through a plurality of fixing bolts. A connecting disk is tightly connected to the top of each base connecting plate through a plurality of connecting bolts. Each connecting disk is fixedly connected to the third-level column on the top thereof. Each first-level column is tightly connected to the top plate on the top thereof through a locking bolt. The top of each energy-absorbing spring is in close contact with the top plate, and the bottom of each energy-absorbing spring is in close contact with the connecting disk.

[0014] Preferably, a set of pin holes is provided on each of the first-level columns, each of the second-level columns, and each of the third-level columns. Each pin hole is slidably connected to the pin inside thereof. A pin positioning rod is fixed to the inside of each pin. A pin disk is fixed to the inside of each pin positioning rod. A pin connecting rod is fixed to the inside of each pin disk. Each pin connecting rod is fixedly connected to the pin tube inside thereof.

[0015] Preferably, a set of positioning blocks is fixed to the top of each pin tube. A slide rail is provided on the top of each pin tube. The top slide rail is fixedly connected to the first-level column, and the bottom slide rail is fixedly connected to the second-level column. Each positioning block is slidably connected to the slide rail on the top thereof. A pin rod positioning block is fixed to the top of each pin rod. Each pin rod positioning block is slidably connected to the slide rail on the top thereof. Pin springs are fixed to both the left and right ends of each slide rail. The other side of each pin spring is fixedly connected to the positioning block at one end thereof.

[0016] Preferably, each of the pin shaft tubes is also provided with an axis pin rail at both ends, a return spring is fixed inside each of the pin shaft tubes, a force storage disk is provided inside each of the return springs, a force storage spring is fixed inside each of the force storage disks, the other end of each of the force storage springs is fixedly connected to the axis pin rod inside it, a force storage rod is fixed at both ends of each of the force storage disks, and each of the force storage rods is clamped with the axis pin rail outside it.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention can drive the left end top moving gear and the left end bottom moving gear to rotate through the moving motor, thereby driving the crawler to rotate, so that the whole device can be moved and turned at the same time. At the same time, due to the action of the right end top moving gear and the right end bottom moving gear, the crawler can be stabilized, thereby ensuring the stability of the whole device when moving, thereby ensuring the moving effect, and improving the automation degree of the whole device at the same time. The present invention can make the moving tube and the moving rod adapt to the two support bases with different spacings by moving the moving rod, thereby improving the use range of the entire device. At the same time, the device can drive the top beam to move up and down by telescoping the left support rod and the right support rod, thereby supporting the coal mine roadway and ensuring the stability of the coal mine roadway. The present invention can drive the reversing main gear to rotate through the reversing motor, thereby driving the reversing connecting gear to rotate, thereby driving the reversing connecting sub-gear and the reversing sub-gear to rotate in opposite directions, so that the moving rods at both ends rotate in opposite directions, so that the crawler track is away from the ground when the entire device does not need to move. At this time, the crawler track can be supported by the balance wheel, so that the crawler track is tight when not working, thereby preventing the crawler track from being separated from the top moving gear and the bottom moving gear, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire device; The energy-absorbing spring of the present invention adopts a high-damping spring. The energy-absorbing spring can support the top plate, thereby achieving the purpose of energy-absorbing protection. The first-level column, the second-level column, and the third-level column cooperate to support the top plate, thereby achieving the purpose of supporting the coal mine roadway. At the same time, through the mutual cooperation of the spring and the column, a part of the impact energy is absorbed in the initial stage of the impact, and the deformation direction during the compression process of the device is ensured, improving the stability of the device. At the same time, this device uses multiple symmetric energy-absorbing springs as the main energy-absorbing components. Through the mutual contact with the base connecting plate and the top plate, it fully exerts the buffer protection function when a strong pressure occurs. When subjected to high impact ground pressure, it prevents the energy-absorbing spring from being misaligned and undergoing permanent plastic deformation so that it cannot return to the initial state after the high impact ground pressure is unloaded, which can improve the service life of the device and increase the reusability of the entire protection device. The deformation process of multiple energy-absorbing spring absorbers can absorb the energy generated by the impact ground pressure and buffer the peak value of the impact ground pressure transmitted to the surface of the roof beam, thereby providing sufficient time for the safety valve to relieve pressure, thus avoiding the occurrence of phenomena such as cylinder explosion of the left support rod and the right support rod, further reducing the losses caused by coal mine disasters. At the same time, the top plate adopts a non-uniform wall thickness diamond composite structure energy-absorbing layer as the main energy-absorbing component. By combining the non-uniform wall thickness diamond structure with the non-uniform wall thickness diamond structure connecting arm to form a composite honeycomb structure, it not only fully utilizes the characteristics of the non-uniform wall thickness diamond structure, such as small stiffness, excellent energy-absorbing characteristics, strong collision resistance, and good bending resistance, but also gives play to the advantages of the honeycomb structure, such as light weight, high strength, high shear modulus, good notch resistance, fracture resistance, high resilience toughness, stable mechanical properties, excellent energy absorption ability, and strong impact resistance, making the non-uniform wall thickness diamond composite structure energy-absorbing layer have excellent energy-absorbing performance as a whole and a stable and reliable structure; The pin shaft tube of the present invention can position the pin shaft connecting rod. When a large impact occurs at the top of the top plate, the pin shaft moves inward under force, thereby applying a force to the pin shaft tube, causing the pin shaft tube to move inward. At this time, the energy storage rod is engaged with the pin shaft rail. When the energy storage spring reaches the force limit, the energy storage rod disengages from the pin shaft rail, causing the energy storage disc to move along the pin shaft rail, causing the pin shaft to move to the inside of the first-level column and the second-level column, causing the first-level column and the second-level column to slide downward, causing the energy-absorbing spring to work, thereby achieving buffering and the purpose of energy-absorbing protection. At the same time, the pin shaft disc of this device can prevent the pin shaft from moving excessively, thereby ensuring the clamping effect of the pin shaft. At the same time, when this device is impacted, the energy storage rod can store energy for the pin shaft by engaging with the pin shaft rail, thereby improving the supporting ability of the pin shaft. At the same time, when this device is not impacted, due to the action of the energy-absorbing spring, the first-level column can be reset. At this time, due to the action of the reset spring, the energy storage disc can be reset, causing the pin shaft to closely adhere to the pin shaft hole again, thereby achieving the purpose of supporting the first-level column and the second-level column and ensuring the supporting effect of the top plate. Description of the Drawings

[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0019] In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the left end of the whole of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the upper end of the support top seat of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the upper end of the base of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the lower end of the left support rod of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the support base of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the crawler of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the moving pipe of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the outside of the moving pipe of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the crawler of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the lower end of the top moving gear of the present invention; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the rear end of the reversing motor of the present invention; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the rear end of the reversing connecting sub-gear of the present invention; Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the top of the base of the present invention; Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing spring of the present invention; Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the energy-absorbing spring of the present invention; Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the three-stage column of the present invention; Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the pin shaft pipe of the present invention; Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the slide rail of the present invention; Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the pin shaft pipe of the present invention; Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage disc of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1 - support base; 2 - left support rod; 3 - base; 4 - crawler; 5 - energy-absorbing spring; 6 - moving pipe; 7 - top moving gear; 8 - balance wheel; 9 - pin shaft pipe; 101 - controller; 102 - power supply; 103 - top beam; 104 - support block; 105 - moving camera; 201 - right support rod; 202 - stabilizer bar; 203 - connecting rod; 204 - connecting block; 205 - top connecting rod; 206 - top connecting buckle; 207 - bottom connecting rod; 208 - bottom connecting buckle; 301 - base connecting plate; 302 - top plate; 303 - fixing bolt; 401 - chain; 402 - reversing connecting gear; 403 - reversing connecting sub-gear; 404 - reversing main gear; 405 - reversing motor; 406 - reversing sub-gear; 501 - locking bolt; 502 - connecting disc; 503 - connecting bolt; 504 - first-level column; 505 - second-level column; 506 - third-level column; 507 - pin hole; 601 - positioning bearing; 602 - moving rod; 603 - sliding plate; 701 - bottom moving gear; 702 - moving motor; 703 - moving plate; 801 - positioning plate; 802 - positioning shaft; 803 - positioning spring; 901 - pin shaft rod; 902 - slide rail; 903 - positioning block; 904 - pin shaft rail; 905 - pin shaft connecting rod; 906 - pin shaft disc; 907 - pin shaft positioning rod; 908 - pin shaft; 909 - pin shaft rod positioning block; 910 - pin shaft spring; 911 - energy storage disc; 912 - energy storage spring; 913 - reset spring; 914 - energy storage rod. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1, consisting of Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figures 5 - 8 , Figure 10 , Figures 14 - 15 , Figure 17 , Figures 19 - 20Provided is a variable stiffness impact energy absorption and protection device of the present invention, including two support bases 1. The support bases 1 are made of alloy materials and are used to support the entire device. A left support rod 2 is fixed to the top of each support base 1. The left support rod 2 is telescopic, so as to drive the top beam 103 to move up and down. A top beam 103 is fixed to the top of each left support rod 2. The top beam 103 is made of alloy materials and is used to position the base 3. A controller 101 is fixed to the top of the front support base 1. The controller 101 is used to control the entire device. A power supply 102 is fixed to the right end of the controller 101. The power supply 102 provides the required energy for the entire device. A crawler 4 is provided inside each support base 1. The crawler 4 can drive the entire device to move and turn while rotating. A top moving gear 7 is meshed inside each crawler 4. A bottom moving gear 701 is provided at the bottom of each top moving gear 7. The bottom moving gear 701 and the top moving gear 7 can drive the crawler 4 to rotate while ensuring the stability of the crawler 4, so as to ensure the stability of the entire device during movement. A moving motor 702 is rotatably connected to the outside of each top moving gear 7 and each bottom moving gear 701 at the left end. The moving motor 702 can drive the top moving gear 7 and the bottom moving gear 701 inside it to rotate. Two moving tubes 6 are provided on the front side of the rear support base 1. The moving tubes 6 are made of alloy materials and are used to position the moving rod 602. A moving rod 602 is slidably connected inside each moving tube 6. The moving rod 602 can move to make the moving tube 6 and the moving rod 602 adapt to two support bases 1 with different spacings, thereby increasing the usage range of the entire device. A reversing sub-gear 406 is fixed to the outside of the left moving rod 602. The reversing sub-gear 406 can drive the left moving rod 602 to rotate by rotation. A reversing connecting sub-gear 403 is fixed to the outside of the right moving rod 602. The reversing connecting sub-gear 403 can drive the right moving rod 602 to rotate. A balance wheel 8 is further provided inside each moving tube 6 and each moving rod 602. The balance wheel 8 is made of alloy materials and is used to support the crawler 4, so that the crawler 4 is taut when not working, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire device. A plurality of bases 3 are provided on the top of each top beam 103. The bases 3 are made of alloy materials and are used to position the base connecting plate 301. A base connecting plate 301 is fixed to the top of each base 3. The base connecting plate 301 is made of alloy materials and is used to fix the connecting bolt 503. A top plate 302 is provided on the top of each base connecting plate 301. The top plate 302 is made of alloy materials and is used to support the coal mine roadway.A plurality of energy absorbing springs 5 ​​are provided on the top of each base connecting plate 301, and the energy absorbing springs 5 ​​are high-damping springs. The energy absorbing springs 5 ​​are used to support the top plate 302, so as to achieve the purpose of energy absorption protection. A primary column 504 is provided inside each energy absorbing spring 5, and the primary column 504 is made of alloy material. Each primary column 504 is externally slidably connected with a secondary column 505, and the secondary column 505 is made of alloy material. Each secondary column 505 is externally slidably connected with a tertiary column 506, and the tertiary column 506 is made of alloy material. The primary column 504, the secondary column 505 and the tertiary column 506 are used to support the top plate 302, so as to achieve the purpose of supporting the coal mine roadway. Two pin shaft tubes 9 are provided inside each primary column 504 and each secondary column 505, and the pin shaft tube 9 is made of alloy material. The pin shaft tube 9 is used to position the axle pin connection Rod 905, each of the pin shaft tubes 9 is provided with an axle pin 908 at the outer end, the axle pin 908 adopts a conical structure, the axle pin 908 is made of alloy material, the axle pin 908 moves inward after being subjected to force, thereby applying force to the pin shaft tube 9, each of the pin shaft tubes 9 is provided with a force storage disk 911 inside, the force storage disk 911 is made of alloy material, the force storage disk 911 is used to position the force storage rod 914, thereby ensuring that the axle pin 908 moves along the axle pin rail 904 after the force applied to it reaches the limit, so that the axle pin 908 moves to the inner side of the primary column 504 and the secondary column 505, so that the primary column 504 and the secondary column 505 slide downward, so that the energy absorption spring 5 works, thereby achieving buffering, each group of the pin shaft tubes 9 is slidably connected with an axle pin rod 901 inside, the axle pin rod 901 is made of alloy material, and the axle pin rod 901 can apply the required force to the force storage spring 912. ,

[0023] Embodiment 2, based on embodiment 1, Figure 2Given that a mobile camera 105 is fixed to the left end of the support base 1 at the rear end. The mobile camera 105 is used to monitor the movement of the entire device. A right support rod 201 is also fixed to the top of each support base 1. The right support rod 201 is telescopic, so that it can cooperate with the left support rod 2 to drive the top beam 103 to move up and down. Each right support rod 201 is fixedly connected to the top beam 103 at its top. A connecting rod 203 is also hinged to the top of each support base 1. A connecting block 204 is hinged to the top of each connecting rod 203. The connecting block 204 is used to position the top beam 103. Each connecting block 204 is hinged to the top beam 103 at its top. A stabilizing rod 202 is hinged to the bottom right of each connecting block 204. The stabilizing rod 202 and the connecting rod 203 cooperate to support the connecting block 204. Each stabilizing rod 202 is hinged to the support base 1 at its bottom. Two top connecting buckles 206 are fixed to the bottom of each top beam 103. The top connecting buckles 206 are used to position the top connecting rod 205. A top connecting rod 205 is hinged between the front and rear top connecting buckles 206. The top connecting rod 205 is telescopic. A bottom connecting buckle 208 is also fixed to the top of each support base 1. The bottom connecting buckle 208 is used to position the bottom connecting rod 207. A bottom connecting rod 207 is hinged between the two bottom connecting buckles 208. The top connecting rod 205 and the bottom connecting rod 207 can be adapted to different spacings of the top beam 103 through telescoping, so as to improve the usage range of the entire device. A support block 104 is rotatably connected to the right end of each top beam 103. The support block 104 is used to increase the support range of the top beam 103; When the entire device moves to the required position, the controller 101 can change the spacing between the two support bases 1 by controlling the telescoping of the top connecting rod 205 and the bottom connecting rod 207, so as to improve the usage range of the entire device. At this time, the controller 101 controls the telescoping of the left support rod 2 and the right support rod 201, so as to drive the top beam 103 to move up and down, so that the top plate 302 is closely attached to the coal mine roadway, so that the entire device can support the coal mine roadway, so as to ensure the stability of the entire device.

[0024] Embodiment 3, on the basis of Embodiment 1, by Figure 9 、 Figures 11 - 13Given that a positioning bearing 601 is fixedly installed inside each of the support bases 1. The positioning bearing 601 is used to position the moving tube 6 and the moving rod 602. The inner ring of each positioning bearing 601 at the front end is fixedly connected to the moving rod 602, and the inner ring of each positioning bearing 601 at the rear end is fixedly connected to the moving tube 6. A reversing motor 405 is fixedly installed at the rear side of the front end of the support base 1. The reversing motor 405 can drive the reversing main gear 404 and the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate. The rear end of the reversing motor 405 is rotatably connected to the reversing main gear 404. The reversing main gear 404 can drive the reversing secondary gear 406 to rotate. The reversing connecting gear 402 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the reversing main gear 404. The reversing connecting gear 402 can drive the chain 401 to rotate through rotation, thereby driving the reversing connecting secondary gear 403 to rotate. The reversing main gear 404 is meshed and connected to the reversing secondary gear 406. The reversing secondary gear 406 can drive the moving rod 602 at the left end to rotate through rotation, thereby driving the moving tube 6 at the left end to rotate. The reversing connecting gear 402 is meshed and connected to the reversing connecting secondary gear 403 through the chain 401. The reversing connecting secondary gear 403 can drive the moving rod 602 at the right end to rotate through rotation, thereby driving the moving tube 6 at the right end to rotate. Two moving plates 703 are fixedly installed outside each moving tube 6 and each moving rod 602. The moving plates 703 are made of alloy materials. The moving plates 703 are used to position the top moving gear 7. Each moving plate 703 is rotatably connected to the top moving gear 7 at one end thereof. Each moving motor 702 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 703 inside thereof. A positioning shaft 802 is fixedly installed outside each moving rod 602 and each moving tube 6. The positioning shaft 802 is made of alloy materials. The positioning shaft 802 is used to position the positioning plate 801. A positioning plate 801 is slidably connected to the outside of each positioning shaft 802. The positioning plate 801 is made of alloy materials. The positioning plate 801 is used to position the balance wheel 8. Each positioning plate 801 is fixedly connected to the balance wheel 8 at one end thereof. A positioning spring 803 is further provided outside each positioning shaft 802. The positioning spring 803 is elastic, thereby driving the positioning plate 801 to be movable, so that the balance wheel 8 is in close contact with the crawler belt 4 when the crawler belt 4 is not working; When using this device, the controller 101 controls the operation of the mobile camera 105, so as to monitor the position of the support base 1. At this time, the controller 101 controls the operation of the reversing motor 405, thereby driving the reversing main gear 404 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing secondary gear 406 and the chain 401 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate, thereby driving the two moving rods 602 to rotate. At this time, due to the action of the sliding plate 603, the two moving tubes 6 can be driven to rotate, thereby driving the moving plate 703 to reverse, so that the two top moving gears 7 rotate above the left support rod 2, and at the same time, the two bottom moving gears 701 rotate below the moving tube 6, so that the crawler 4 is in close contact with the ground while lifting the entire device, so as to facilitate the movement of the entire device. Further, the controller 101 controls the operation of several moving motors 702, thereby driving the left top moving gear 7 and the left bottom moving gear 701 to rotate, so that the two crawlers 4 rotate cooperatively, so that the entire device can move and reverse at the same time. When the entire device moves to the required position, the controller 101 controls the reversing motor 405 to work in the reverse direction, thereby driving the reversing main gear 404 and the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the reversing connecting secondary gear 403 and the reversing secondary gear 406 rotate in the reverse direction, thereby driving the two moving tubes 6 to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the top moving gear 7 and the bottom moving gear 701 rotate to the horizontal, so that the top moving gear 7 is in close contact with the crawler 4. At this time, the bottom moving gear 701 is not in contact with the crawler 4. At the same time, due to the rotation of the moving tube 6, the positioning shaft 802 can be rotated to the vertical. At this time, due to the action of the positioning plate 801 and the positioning spring 803, the balance wheel 8 is in close contact with the crawler 4, so that the crawler 4 is tightened, so that the entire device is in close contact with the ground while the crawler 4 is separated from the ground, and at the same time, the crawler 4 is tightened, so as to prevent the crawler 4 from detaching from the top moving gear 7, thus facilitating the next movement.

[0025] Embodiment 4, on the basis of Embodiment 1, by Figure 4 , Figure 16 , Figure 18 , Figure 21Given that the outer end of each base 3 is tightly connected to the top beam 103 inside it by a number of fixing bolts 303, the top of each base connecting plate 301 is tightly connected with a connecting disc 502 by a number of connecting bolts 503, the connecting disc 502 is used to fix the three-stage column 506, each connecting disc 502 is fixedly connected to the three-stage column 506 on its top, each first-stage column 504 is tightly connected to the top plate 302 on its top by a locking bolt 501, the top of each energy-absorbing spring 5 is in close contact with the top plate 302, the bottom of each energy-absorbing spring 5 is in close contact with the connecting disc 502, a set of pin holes 507 are provided on each first-stage column 504, each second-stage column 505 and each third-stage column 506, the pin holes 507 are used to position the pin 908, each pin hole 507 is slidably connected to the pin 908 inside it, a pin positioning rod 907 is fixed to the inner side of each pin 908, the pin positioning rod 907 is made of alloy material, the pin positioning rod 907 is used to position the pin 908, a pin disc 906 is fixed to the inner side of each pin positioning rod 907, the pin disc 906 adopts a frustum structure, the pin disc 906 is made of alloy material, the pin disc 906 can prevent the pin 908 from moving excessively, so as to ensure the clamping effect of the pin 908, a pin connecting rod 905 is fixed to the inner side of each pin disc 906, the pin connecting rod 905 is made of alloy material, the pin connecting rod 905 is used to position the pin disc 906, each pin connecting rod 905 is fixedly connected to the pin tube 9 on its inner side, a set of positioning blocks 903 are fixed to the top of each pin tube 9, the positioning blocks 903 are made of alloy material, the positioning blocks 903 are used to position the pin tube 9, a slide rail 902 is provided on the top of each pin tube 9, the slide rail 902 is made of alloy material, the slide rail 902 is used to position the positioning block 903 and the pin rod positioning block 909, the top slide rail 902 is fixedly connected to the first-stage column 504, the bottom slide rail 902 is fixedly connected to the second-stage column 505, each positioning block 903 is slidably connected to the slide rail 902 on its top, a pin rod positioning block 909 is fixed to the top of each pin rod 901, the pin rod positioning block 909 is made of alloy material, the pin rod positioning block 909 is used to position the pin rod 901, each pin rod positioning block 909 is slidably connected to the slide rail 902 on its top, a pin spring 910 is fixed to both the left and right ends of each slide rail 902, the pin spring 910 can make the two pin tubes 9 move away from each other, so that the pin 908 is in close contact with the pin hole 507, the other side of each pin spring 910 is fixedly connected to the positioning block 903 at one end of it, and pin rails 904 are also provided at the upper and lower ends of each pin tube 9The shaft pin rail 904 provides a moving path for the energy storage rod 914. A return spring 913 is fixed inside each pin shaft tube 9. The return spring 913 is elastic, facilitating the reset of the energy storage disc 911. An energy storage disc 911 is arranged inside each return spring 913. The energy storage disc 911 is made of alloy material and is used to position the energy storage rod 914. An energy storage spring 912 is fixed inside each energy storage disc 911. The energy storage spring 912 is elastic, applying the required force to the energy storage disc 911. The other end of each energy storage spring 912 is fixedly connected to the pin shaft rod 901 inside it. Energy storage rods 914 are fixed to the upper and lower ends of each energy storage disc 911. The energy storage rod 914 is made of alloy material. The energy storage rod 914 can store energy for the pin 908 by engaging with the shaft pin rail 904, thereby improving the supporting capacity of the pin 908. Each energy storage rod 914 engages with the shaft pin rail 904 outside it; When there is no impact on the top of the top plate 302, the top plate 302 can support the coal mine roadway due to the functions of the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505, and the third-level column 506, thereby ensuring the safety of the equipment at the bottom of the roof beam 103. When a large impact occurs on the top of the top plate 302, the first-level column 504 moves downward, and at the same time, the second-level column 505 moves downward, thereby applying an inward force to the axle pin 908, causing the axle pin 908 to move inward, driving the axle pin plate 906 to move inward, and driving the pin shaft tube 9 to move inward. At this time, due to the function of the axle pin rod 901, the energy storage spring 912 can be deformed. When the force on the energy storage spring 912 reaches the limit, the energy storage rod 914 disengages from the axle pin rail 904, causing the energy storage rod 914 to move along the axle pin rail 904, driving the pin shaft tube 9 to move inward. At this time, the positioning block 903 moves along the slide rail 902, ensuring the stability of the pin shaft tube 9 during movement, driving the axle pin 908 to move inward, causing the top axle pin 908 to disengage from the axle pin hole 507 at the top of the second-level column 505, and at the same time, causing the bottom axle pin 908 to disengage from the axle pin hole 507 at the top of the third-level column 506, resulting in the loss of the supporting function of the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505, and the third-level column 506. At this time, due to the function of the energy absorption spring 5, the top plate 302 can slowly descend, absorbing a part of the impact energy, ensuring the deformation direction during the compression process of the device, improving the stability of the equipment, and providing sufficient time for the safety valve to relieve pressure, thereby ensuring the safety of the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505, the third-level column 506, the left support rod 2, and the right support rod 201, and improving the safety of the entire device. After the impact, after the staff has completed the treatment of the collapsed coal blocks, due to the function of the energy absorption spring 5, the top plate 302 is reset, causing the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505, and the third-level column 506 to be reset. At this time, due to the function of the reset spring 913, the energy storage disc 911 is reset, causing the axle pin 908 to be reset, and causing the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505, and the third-level column 506 to be fixed again, ensuring the supporting effect and preparing for energy absorption for the next impact.

[0026] The working process of the present invention is as follows: When using this device, the controller 101 controls the operation of the mobile camera 105, so as to monitor the position of the support base 1. At this time, the controller 101 controls the operation of the reversing motor 405, thereby driving the reversing main gear 404 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing secondary gear 406 and the chain 401 to rotate, thereby driving the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate, thereby driving the two moving rods 602 to rotate. At this time, due to the effect of the sliding plate 603, the two moving tubes 6 can be driven to rotate, thereby driving the moving plate 703 to reverse, so that the two top moving gears 7 rotate above the left support rod 2, and at the same time, the two bottom moving gears 701 rotate below the moving tube 6, so that the crawler 4 is in close contact with the ground while lifting the entire device, thus facilitating the movement of the entire device. Further, the controller 101 controls the operation of several moving motors 702, thereby driving the left top moving gear 7 and the left bottom moving gear 701 to rotate, so that the two crawlers 4 rotate cooperatively, so that the entire device can move and reverse at the same time. When the entire device moves to the required position, the controller 101 controls the reversing motor 405 to work in the reverse direction, thereby driving the reversing main gear 404 and the reversing connecting gear 402 to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the reversing connecting secondary gear 403 and the reversing secondary gear 406 rotate in the reverse direction, thereby driving the two moving tubes 6 to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the top moving gear 7 and the bottom moving gear 701 rotate to the horizontal, so that the top moving gear 7 is in close contact with the crawler 4. At this time, the bottom moving gear 701 is not in contact with the crawler 4. At the same time, due to the rotation of the moving tube 6, the positioning shaft 802 can be rotated to the vertical. At this time, due to the effect of the positioning plate 801 and the positioning spring 803, the balance wheel 8 is in close contact with the crawler 4, so that the crawler 4 is tightened, so that the entire device is in close contact with the ground while the crawler 4 is separated from the ground, and at the same time, the crawler 4 is tightened, so as to prevent the crawler 4 from detaching from the top moving gear 7, thus facilitating the next movement. When the entire device moves to the required position, the controller 101 can change the distance between the two support bases 1 by controlling the telescopic movement of the top connecting rod 205 and the bottom connecting rod 207, thereby increasing the application range of the entire device. At this time, the controller 101 controls the telescopic movement of the left support rod 2 and the right support rod 201, thereby driving the top beam 103 to move up and down, so that the top plate 302 is in close contact with the coal mine roadway, so that the entire device can support the coal mine roadway, thus ensuring the stability of the entire device. When there is no impact on the top of the top plate 302, due to the effect of the first-level column 504, the second-level column 505 and the third-level column 506, the top plate 302 can support the coal mine roadway.Thus, the safety of the equipment at the bottom of the top beam 103 is ensured. When a large impact is applied to the top of the roof slab 302, the primary column 504 moves downward, and at the same time, the secondary column 505 moves downward, thereby applying an inward force to the pin 908, causing the pin 908 to move inward, driving the pin disk 906 to move inward, and then driving the pin tube 9 to move inward. At this time, due to the action of the pin rod 901, the energy storage spring 912 can be deformed. When the force on the energy storage spring 912 reaches the limit, the energy storage rod 914 disengages from the pin rail 904, causing the energy storage rod 914 to move along the pin rail 904, driving the pin tube 9 to move inward. At this time, the positioning block 903 moves along the slide rail 902 to ensure the stability of the pin tube 9 during movement, causing the pin 908 to move inward, and the top pin 908 to disengage from the pin hole 507 at the top of the secondary column 505, and at the same time, the bottom pin 908 to disengage from the pin hole 507 at the top of the tertiary column 506, causing the primary column 504, the secondary column 505, and the tertiary column 506 to lose their supporting effect. At this time, due to the action of the energy absorption spring 5, the roof slab 302 can slowly descend, absorbing part of the impact energy, ensuring the deformation direction during the compression of the device, improving the equipment stability, and providing sufficient time for the safety valve to relieve pressure, thus ensuring the safety of the primary column 504, the secondary column 505, the tertiary column 506, the left support rod 2, and the right support rod 201, and improving the safety of the entire device. After the impact, after the staff finishes dealing with the collapsed coal blocks, due to the action of the energy absorption spring 5, the roof slab 302 resets, causing the primary column 504, the secondary column 505, and the tertiary column 506 to reset. At this time, due to the action of the reset spring 913, the energy storage disk 911 resets, causing the pin 908 to reset, and the primary column 504, the secondary column 505, and the tertiary column 506 to be fixed again, ensuring the support effect and preparing for energy absorption for the next impact.

[0027] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0028] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device, characterized in that: The invention comprises two support bases (1), each of which is fixed with a left support rod (2) on the top, each of which is fixed with a top beam (103) on the top, a controller (101) is fixed on the top of the front support base (1), a power supply (102) is fixed on the right end of the controller (101), a crawler (4) is provided on the inner side of each support base (1), each crawler (4) is meshingly connected with a top moving gear (7) inside, each of which is provided with a bottom moving gear (701) at the bottom, each of which is rotatably connected with a moving motor (702) on the outer side of each of the top moving gears (7) on the left end and each of which is provided with a bottom moving gear (701) on the left end, two moving tubes (6) are provided on the front side of the rear support base (1), each of which is slidably connected with a moving rod (602) inside, a reversing sub-gear (406) is fixed on the outer side of the moving rod (602) on the left end, and a reversing connecting sub-gear (406) is fixed on the outer side of the moving rod (602) on the right end. 03), each of the moving tubes (6) and each of the moving rods (602) is also provided with a balance wheel (8) on its inner side, each of the top beams (103) is provided with a plurality of bases (3) on its top, each of the bases (3) is fixed with a base connecting plate (301) on its top, each of the base connecting plates (301) is provided with a top plate (302) on its top, each of the base connecting plates (301) is provided with a plurality of energy absorbing springs (5) on its top, each of the energy absorbing springs (5) is provided with a primary column (504) inside, and each Each of the first-level columns (504) is slidably connected to a second-level column (505) on the outside, each of the second-level columns (505) is slidably connected to a third-level column (506) on the outside, each of the first-level columns (504) and each of the second-level columns (505) is provided with two pin shaft tubes (9) on the inside, each of the pin shaft tubes (9) is provided with a shaft pin (908) on the outer end, each of the pin shaft tubes (9) is provided with a force storage disc (911) on the inside, and each group of the pin shaft tubes (9) is slidably connected to a shaft pin rod (901) on the inside.

2. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mobile camera (105) is fixed to the left end of the rear support base (1), and a right support rod (201) is also fixed to the top of each support base (1), and each right support rod (201) is fixedly connected to the top beam (103) at its top. A connecting rod (203) is also hinged to the top of each support base (1), and a connecting block (204) is hinged to the top of each connecting rod (203), and each connecting block (204) is hinged to the top beam (103) at its top. A stabilizing rod (202) is hinged to the bottom of the right end of each connecting block (204), and each stabilizing rod (202) is hinged to the support base (1) at its bottom.

3. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two top connection buckles (206) are fixed to the bottom of each top beam (103), a top connection rod (205) is hinged between the front and rear top connection buckles (206), a bottom connection buckle (208) is also fixed to the top of each support base (1), a bottom connection rod (207) is hinged between the two bottom connection buckles (208), and the right end of each top beam (103) is rotatably connected to a support block (104).

4. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning bearing (601) is fixed on the inner side of each of the support bases (1); the inner ring of each of the positioning bearings (601) at the front end is fixedly connected to the moving rod (602); the inner ring of each of the positioning bearings (601) at the rear end is fixedly connected to the moving tube (6); a reversing motor (405) is fixed on the rear side of the support base (1) at the front end; a reversing main gear (404) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the reversing motor (405); a reversing connecting gear (402) is fixed to the rear end of the reversing main gear (404); the reversing main gear (404) is meshedly connected to the reversing sub gear (406); and the reversing connecting gear (402) is meshedly connected to the reversing connecting sub gear (403) via a chain (401).

5. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two moving plates (703) are fixed to the outside of each moving tube (6) and each moving rod (602); each moving plate (703) is rotationally connected to the top moving gear (7) at one end thereof; and each moving motor (702) is fixedly connected to the moving plate (703) on the inner side thereof.

6. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A positioning shaft (802) is fixed to the outside of each moving rod (602) and each moving tube (6); a positioning plate (801) is slidably connected to the outside of each positioning shaft (802); each positioning plate (801) is fixedly connected to the balance wheel (8) at one end thereof; and a positioning spring (803) is also provided on the outside of each positioning shaft (802).

7. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of each base (3) is fastened to the top beam (103) inside it via a plurality of fixing bolts (303); the top of each base connecting plate (301) is fastened to a connecting plate (502) via a plurality of connecting bolts (503); each connecting plate (502) is fixedly connected to the third-level column (506) at its top; each first-level column (504) is fastened to the top plate (302) at its top via a locking bolt (501); the top of each energy absorbing spring (5) is in close contact with the top plate (302); and the bottom of each energy absorbing spring (5) is in close contact with the connecting plate (502).

8. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the first-level columns (504), each of the second-level columns (505) and each of the third-level columns (506) is provided with a group of axle pin holes (507), each of the axle pin holes (507) is slidably connected to the axle pin (908) therein, an axle pin positioning rod (907) is fixed inside each of the axle pin (908), an axle pin disk (906) is fixed inside each of the axle pin positioning rods (907), an axle pin connecting rod (905) is fixed inside each of the axle pin disks (906), and each of the axle pin connecting rods (905) is fixedly connected to the pin shaft tube (9) therein.

9. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A group of positioning blocks (903) are fixed on the top of each pin shaft tube (9), and a slide rail (902) is provided on the top of each pin shaft tube (9). The top slide rail (902) is fixedly connected to the primary column (504), and the bottom slide rail (902) is fixedly connected to the secondary column (505). Each positioning block (903) is slidably connected to the slide rail (902) on its top. A pin rod positioning block (909) is fixed on the top of each axle pin rod (901), and each axle pin rod positioning block (909) is slidably connected to the slide rail (902) on its top. Axle pin springs (910) are fixed on both ends of each slide rail (902), and the other side of each axle pin spring (910) is fixedly connected to the positioning block (903) at one end thereof.

10. The variable stiffness impact energy absorption protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Each of the pin shaft tubes (9) is also provided with an axis pin rail (904) at both ends, a return spring (913) is fixed inside each of the pin shaft tubes (9), a force storage disk (911) is provided inside each of the return springs (913), a force storage spring (912) is fixed inside each of the force storage disks (911), the other end of each of the force storage springs (912) is fixedly connected to the axis pin rod (901) inside the force storage spring, a force storage rod (914) is fixed at both ends, and each of the force storage disks (911) is clamped with the axis pin rail (904) outside the force storage disk.

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