Potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument, and particularly relates to the technical field of crop planting monitoring, the potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument comprises a planting area, and the planting area comprises at least one group of original planting monitoring area and a group of contrast planting monitoring area; each of the original planting monitoring area and the contrast planting monitoring area comprises three planting areas, and a soil sensor used for collecting nutrient content information in soil is embedded in each planting area. Multi-area remote sensing collection is adopted, real-time pest early warning is performed on the growth state and pest information of the potatoes in the planting area, the yield of the potatoes affected by pests is reduced, and nutrient absorption of the potatoes in the planting area is monitored through the nutrient absorption unit, so that the yield of the potatoes is improved. Spatial differences of factors such as diseases and nutritional conditions can be analyzed accurately, and targeted measures can be taken conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting monitoring, and specifically to a potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument. Background Technique

[0002] Potatoes have gradually become an important food, vegetable, feed, and industrial raw material for humans. In order to ensure that potatoes can obtain sufficient and balanced nutrient supply during the growth process, it is necessary to monitor soil nutrients. By collecting and analyzing soil samples, the nutrient content, types, and proportions in the soil can be understood. According to the soil nutrient test results and the nutrient requirements of potatoes, various fertilizers and nutrients can be scientifically and reasonably selected to provide the nutrients that meet the needs of potatoes and improve the yield and quality.

[0003] After retrieval, the utility model patent with the publication number CN114062644A discloses a soil nutrient intelligent monitoring device and system. The nutrient content information in the soil is collected through the soil sensor module, and the current position information is obtained in real time through the positioning module. The controller can integrate the nutrient content information and the current position information and send them to the terminal in real time through the wireless module, avoiding the deviation that occurs during the process of moving the soil sample to the laboratory.

[0004] In the prior art, the prior art mainly focuses on collecting the nutrient content information at the soil location, but the nutrient absorption situation of the crops at this location is not known, and the factors affecting the absorption of nutrients are still unknown. In addition, the pest distribution situation of the soil is also unknown, which affects the planting and growth of crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technique.

[0006] The present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument, including a planting area, which includes at least one group of original planting monitoring areas and one group of control planting monitoring areas;

[0008] Both the original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area include three planting areas. Inside each planting area, a soil sensor for collecting the nutrient content information in the soil is buried and installed. At the edge of one planting area in the original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area, a humidity adjustment component is installed, and the humidity adjustment component is used to adjust the humidity of the planting areas at different positions in the original planting monitoring area or the control planting monitoring area;

[0009] A nutrient absorption unit, which collects the nutrient data absorbed by the potatoes in the corresponding monitoring area;

[0010] A light collection unit for monitoring light data in the planting area;

[0011] A remote sensing collection unit for monitoring the growth status of potatoes;

[0012] An oxygen collection unit for monitoring the oxygen content in the corresponding planting area;

[0013] A soil oxygen regulation component for adjusting the intake air volume entering the soil;

[0014] The humidity regulation component includes a mounting base. Rectangular notches are provided on both sides of the mounting base, and four meshing and driving gears II are embedded in the interior of the mounting base. The gear II at the edge is located inside the corresponding rectangular notch. A rotating plate I for humidification is fixedly connected to the outer shaft of one gear II, and a rotating plate II for humidification is fixedly connected to the outer shaft of the other gear II. After the rotating plate I rotates counterclockwise, it is parallel to the rotating plate II.

[0015] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that the soil and potato planting types in each planting area are kept uniform.

[0016] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that a preset threshold is set in the nutrient absorption unit, and by analyzing the growth cycle, leaf changes, and stem growth status data of potatoes, values are assigned to the corresponding planting areas. If the assigned value is higher than the threshold, the area is marked as a vegetative growth area;

[0017] If the assigned value is lower than the threshold, the area is marked as a growth control area;

[0018] The factors in the growth control area and the vegetative growth area are analyzed and compared to obtain influencing factors.

[0019] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that the soil oxygen regulation component makes breathable deep holes in the soil of the planting area at intervals according to the oxygen content in the corresponding planting area.

[0020] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that the remote sensing collection unit regularly obtains remote sensing images and combines with a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform to establish a dynamic soil nutrient assessment model. The method for establishing the dynamic soil nutrient assessment model includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Analyze information related to pests such as spectral characteristics and texture characteristics of potato vegetation in the remote sensing image, and use machine learning or deep learning algorithms to classify and identify the extracted characteristics to distinguish pest areas from non-pest areas;

[0022] S2. By comparing remote sensing data at different time periods, track the propagation path and speed of pests;

[0023] S3. Combine environmental factors such as meteorology and soil to establish a pest warning model and predict the development trend of pests in advance;

[0024] Use an independent test data set to verify the model and evaluate the prediction performance of the model.

[0025] A further technical improvement of the present invention lies in: a method for establishing a pest warning model, including the following steps:

[0026] S1. Collect historical data related to pests, including the types of pests, occurrence time, location, damage degree, etc.;

[0027] S2. Combine different geographical locations to collect data on environmental factors related to the occurrence of pests, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil type, growth status of potatoes, etc.;

[0028] S3. Establish a deep learning model;

[0029] For each season and different planting areas, establish a multi-dimensional deep learning model;

[0030] And in the deep learning model, include pest images of various crops at different growth stages and different environmental conditions;

[0031] Apply the trained model to actual pest warning and take corresponding prevention and control measures according to the warning results.

[0032] A further technical improvement of the present invention lies in: a plurality of spray pipes are rotatably provided on the side surface of the second rotating plate, the end of the spray pipe is fixedly connected with a spray head, and a first gear for meshing transmission is fixedly sleeved outside each spray pipe, and a second gear connected to the motor is arranged at the end of the side surface of the second rotating plate.

[0033] A further technical improvement of the present invention lies in: an arc part co-point with the rotation base point of the corresponding second gear is installed at the edge of adjacent two planting areas.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. By adopting multi-region remote sensing acquisition, the growth state and pest information of potatoes in the planting area are obtained for real-time pest warning, reducing the yield of potatoes affected by pests, and monitoring the nutrient absorption of potatoes in the planting area through the nutrient absorption unit, which helps to accurately analyze the spatial differences of factors such as diseases and nutrient status, facilitating the adoption of targeted measures;

[0036] 2. By controlling the amount of oxygen in the soil, the growth environment of plants can be optimized, and the yield and quality of crops can be improved;

[0037] 3. When fertilizing the soil, the two outermost gears II rotate in opposite directions, driving the corresponding rotating plates I and II to rotate. Through the rotation of the rotating plates I and II in different directions, the soil in different planting areas is fertilized and irrigated, increasing the soil humidity and performing alternating irrigation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first gear of the present invention and the mounting seat.

[0041] In the figure: 1, planting area; 2, soil sensor; 3, mounting seat; 4, rectangular notch; 5, rotating plate I; 6, rotating plate II; 7, arc portion; 8, nozzle; 9, spray pipe; 10, first gear; 11, driving gear; 12, second gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0042] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific embodiments, structures, features, and effects of the present invention as follows.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument, including a planting area, and the planting area includes at least one group of original planting monitoring areas and one group of control planting monitoring areas;

[0045] Both the original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area include three planting areas 1. Inside each planting area 1, a soil sensor 2 for collecting information on the nutrient content in the soil is buried and installed. At the edge of a planting area 1 close to the original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area, a humidity adjustment component is installed, and the humidity adjustment component is used to adjust the humidity of the planting area 1 at different positions in the original planting monitoring area or the control planting monitoring area;

[0046] A nutrient absorption unit, which collects the nutrient data absorbed by the potatoes in the corresponding monitoring area;

[0047] A light collection unit, which monitors the light data in the planting area;

[0048] A remote sensing collection unit, which is used to monitor the growth status of the potatoes;

[0049] The humidity adjustment component includes a mounting base 3. Rectangular notches 4 are provided on both sides of the mounting base 3. Four meshing and driving gears two 12 are embedded and installed inside the mounting base 3. The outermost gears two 12 are located inside the corresponding rectangular notches 4. A rotating plate one 5 for humidification is fixedly connected to the outer shaft of one gear two 12, and a rotating plate two 6 for humidification is fixedly connected to the outer shaft of another gear two 12. After the rotating plate one 5 rotates counterclockwise, it is parallel to the rotating plate two 6. Among them, a plurality of spray pipes 9 are rotatably provided on the side surface of the rotating plate two 6. Nozzles 8 are fixedly connected to the ends of the spray pipes 9. A gear one 10 for meshing and driving is fixedly sleeved on the outside of each spray pipe 9. A gear two 11 connected to the motor is provided at the end of the side surface of the rotating plate two 6. The two outermost gears two 12 rotate in opposite directions, driving the corresponding rotating plate one 5 and rotating plate two 6 to rotate. Through the rotation of the rotating plate one 5 and the rotating plate two 6 in different directions, the soil in different planting areas 1 is fertilized and irrigated to increase the humidity of the soil.

[0050] The soil and potato planting types in each planting area 1 are kept uniform.

[0051] A preset threshold is set in the nutrient absorption unit, and by analyzing the data of the growth cycle, leaf changes, and stem growth status of potatoes, values are assigned to the corresponding planting areas. If the assigned value is higher than the threshold, the area is marked as the vegetative growth area;

[0052] If the assigned value is lower than the threshold, the area is marked as the growth control area;

[0053] The factors in the growth control area and the vegetative growth area are analyzed and compared to obtain the influencing factors;

[0054] A series of symptoms will appear when the nutrient components are insufficiently absorbed. For example, when nitrogen is lacking, the growth slows down and the leaves turn yellow; when phosphorus is lacking, the leaves shrink and become smaller and the plants are short; when potassium is lacking, the growth stagnates and the leaves curl. By observing the appearance and severity of these symptoms, the absorption of nutrients by potatoes can be initially judged; the apparent fertilizer utilization efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the nutrient absorption amount of potato plants in the fertilized area to the fertilization amount. A higher RE value indicates that the nutrient components are effectively absorbed and utilized by potatoes;

[0055] The potato tuber yield that can be produced by the nutrient components input per unit.

[0056] The remote sensing acquisition unit regularly obtains remote sensing images, and combines with the geographic information system GIS platform to establish a dynamic soil nutrient assessment model. The establishment method of the dynamic soil nutrient assessment model includes the following steps:

[0057] S1. Analyze the spectral characteristics, texture characteristics, and other pest-related information of potato vegetation in remote sensing images, and use machine learning or deep learning algorithms to classify and identify the extracted features to distinguish pest-infested areas from non-pest-infested areas;

[0058] S2. By comparing remote sensing data from different time periods, track the spread path and speed of pests;

[0059] S3. Combine environmental factors such as meteorology and soil to establish a pest warning model to predict the development trend of pests in advance; combine the impact of farmland management measures such as fertilizer types, irrigation methods, and tillage systems on soil nutrient dynamics;

[0060] Use a multi-spectral camera carried by a drone platform to conduct low-altitude scanning of potato experimental fields, analyze the correlation between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data and disease index, so as to realize the monitoring of early blight of potatoes;

[0061] Use an independent test data set to verify the model, evaluate the prediction performance of the model, and analyze the reasons and trends of dynamic changes in soil nutrients.

[0062] A method for establishing a pest warning model, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. Collect historical data related to pests, including the types of pests, occurrence time, location, damage degree, etc.;

[0064] S2. Combine different geographical locations to collect data on environmental factors related to pest occurrence, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil type, and the growth status of potatoes;

[0065] S3. Establish a deep learning model;

[0066] Establish a multi-dimensional deep learning model for each season and different planting areas;

[0067] And the deep learning model contains pest images of various crops at different growth stages and different environmental conditions;

[0068] Apply the trained model to actual pest warning, and take corresponding control measures according to the warning results.

[0069] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an arc portion 7 co-pointing with the rotation base point of the corresponding gear two 12 is installed at the edge of the adjacent two planting areas 1.

[0070] Embodiment 2

[0071] A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument, comprising a planting area, which includes at least one group of original planting monitoring areas and one group of control planting monitoring areas;

[0072] Both the original planting monitoring areas and the control planting monitoring areas include three planting areas 1. Inside each planting area 1, a soil sensor 2 for collecting information on the nutrient content in the soil is buried and installed. At the edge of one planting area 1 in the original planting monitoring areas and the control planting monitoring areas, a humidity adjustment component is installed, and the humidity adjustment component is used to adjust the humidity of the planting areas 1 at different positions in the original planting monitoring areas or the control planting monitoring areas;

[0073] A nutrient absorption unit, which collects the nutrient data absorbed by the potatoes in the corresponding monitoring area;

[0074] A light collection unit, which monitors the light data in the planting area;

[0075] A remote sensing collection unit, which is used to monitor the growth status of the potatoes;

[0076] Compared with Embodiment 1, the oxygen collection unit in Embodiment 2 follows the principles of randomness, equal quantity, and multi-point mixing for soil sampling, and indirectly evaluates by analyzing the soil aeration, including measuring the water-filled pore space rate (WFPS) of the soil and the content of oxygen in the soil gas, and monitors the amount of oxygen in the soil in the corresponding planting area;

[0077] A soil oxygen regulation component, which adjusts the intake air volume entering the soil;

[0078] According to the content of oxygen in the corresponding planting area, air-permeable deep holes are drilled in the soil of the planting area at intervals to increase the soil aeration, and materials such as plant straws are filled in the air-permeable deep holes, which can not only prevent the air-permeable deep holes from being blocked by the soil, but also conduct the moisture in the deep soil to the soil surface layer, playing a role in conserving moisture.

[0079] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument, comprising a planting area, characterized in that: The planting area includes at least one group of original planting monitoring areas and one group of control planting monitoring areas; The original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area each include three planting areas (1), each of the planting areas (1) is embedded with a soil sensor (2) for collecting nutrient content information in the soil, and a humidity regulating component is installed at the edge of the original planting monitoring area and the control planting monitoring area near one of the planting areas (1), and the humidity regulating component is used to regulate the humidity of the planting areas (1) at different positions in the original planting monitoring area or the control planting monitoring area; Nutrient absorption unit, collecting nutrient data after potato absorption in the corresponding monitoring area; Light collection unit, monitoring light data in the planting area; Remote sensing acquisition unit, used to monitor the growth status of potatoes; Oxygen collection unit, monitoring the amount of oxygen in the corresponding planting area; Soil oxygen control component, regulating the amount of air entering the soil; The humidity regulating component comprises a mounting seat (3), both sides of which are provided with rectangular notches (4), and four meshing gears (12) are embedded and installed inside the mounting seat (3), the edge gears (12) are located inside the corresponding rectangular notches (4), the shaft of one gear (12) is externally fixedly connected with a rotating plate (5) for humidification, and the shaft of another gear (12) is externally fixedly connected with a rotating plate (6) for humidification, and the rotating plate (5) is arranged parallel to the rotating plate (6) after rotating counterclockwise.

2. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil and potato planting types within each planting area (1) remain uniform.

3. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A threshold is preset in the nutrient absorption unit, and a value is assigned to the corresponding planting area by recording the potato growth cycle, leaf changes, and stem growth status data analysis. If the assigned value is higher than the threshold, the area is marked as a nutrient growth area; If the assigned value is lower than the threshold, the area is marked as a growth control area; The factors in the growth control area and the vegetative growth area were analyzed and compared to obtain the influencing factors.

4. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil oxygen control component drills deep holes for ventilation in the soil of the planting area (1) according to the oxygen content in the corresponding planting area (1).

5. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote sensing acquisition unit regularly obtains remote sensing images and establishes a soil nutrient dynamic assessment model in combination with a geographic information system (GIS) platform. The method for establishing the soil nutrient dynamic assessment model includes the following steps: S1. Analyze pest-related information such as spectral characteristics and texture characteristics of potato vegetation under remote sensing influence, and use machine learning or deep learning algorithms to classify and identify the extracted features to distinguish between pest-infested and non-pest-infested areas; S2. Track the spread path and speed of pests by comparing remote sensing data from different time periods; S3. Combined with environmental factors such as weather and soil, establish an early warning model for pests to predict the development trend of pests in advance; An independent test dataset was used to validate the model and evaluate its predictive performance.

6. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for establishing an insect pest early warning model comprises the following steps: S1. Collect historical data related to pests, including the types of pests, occurrence time, location, degree of damage, etc.; S2. Collect data on environmental factors related to pest occurrence, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil type, potato growth conditions, etc., based on different geographical locations; S3. Build a deep learning model; Build a multi-dimensional deep learning model for each season and different planting areas; And the deep learning model includes pest images of various crops at different growth stages and under different environmental conditions; The trained model is applied to actual pest warning, and corresponding prevention and control measures are taken according to the warning results.

7. A potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of nozzles (9) are rotatably arranged on the side of the rotating plate (6), the ends of the nozzles (9) are fixedly connected to the nozzles (8), the outside of each nozzle (9) is fixedly sleeved with a gear (10) for meshing transmission, and the side end of the rotating plate (6) is provided with a gear (11) connected to the motor.

8. The potato soil nutrient monitoring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc-shaped portion (7) having a common point with the rotation base point of the corresponding gear 2 (12) is installed at the edge of two adjacent planting areas (1).

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