Rapid steel rail ultrasonic detection probe

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of non-destructive testing, and provides a rapid steel rail ultrasonic testing probe, which comprises a transducer frame installed on a wheel shaft and located below the wheel shaft, and the lower end face, facing a steel rail, of the transducer frame is provided with two adjacent and symmetrical installation inclined planes; the transducer group is mounted on the transducer frame, the transducer group comprises a first transducer and a second transducer which are respectively arranged on the two mounting inclined surfaces, and the transducer group further comprises a third transducer arranged on the upper end surface of the transducer frame; the two flange plates are located on the two sides of the transducer frame respectively, and the two flange plates are rotationally connected to the wheel shaft in a sealed mode; the flexible outer film wraps the two flange plates, so that an in-wheel sealing space is formed between the two flange plates; and the sound blocking plate is arranged in the in-wheel sealed space, and one end of the sound blocking plate is installed on the transducer frame. The problem that the running speed of the rail flaw detection car cannot be effectively increased in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of non-destructive testing, and particularly to a rapid ultrasonic detection probe for steel rails. Background Art

[0002] Rail flaw detection vehicles are used to conduct periodic inspections on in-service rails to meet the requirements of rapid detection of in-service rails. Rail flaw detection vehicles mainly adopt an ultrasonic wheel structure. The operating speed of rail flaw detection vehicles has gradually increased from the initial 40 km / h to 80 km / h, and has gradually realized the alternative detection of the flaw detection period of rail flaw detectors, playing an important role in ensuring the safety of in-service line rails. With the continuous increase in the railway operation mileage, the detection workload borne by rail flaw detection vehicles continues to increase.

[0003] Currently, a rail flaw detection vehicle with a speed of 80 km / h is usually used to detect in-service rails. Multiple-angle ultrasonic transducers (0-degree, 37-degree, straight 70-degree, and skewed 70-degree transducers) are arranged inside the wheel. Each ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic waves at a certain repetition frequency to scan and detect the rails. The maximum detection speed of rail flaw detection is mainly limited by the propagation sound path and scanning pitch of ultrasonic waves in the rails and the wheel. The shorter the ultrasonic propagation sound path and the higher the ultrasonic detection repetition emission frequency, the smaller the scanning pitch and the higher the scanning frequency at a specific speed.

[0004] At present, the ultrasonic emission repetition frequency of the wheel structure of rail flaw detection vehicles at a detection speed of 80 km / h is close to the theoretical design limit. Especially for the skewed 70-degree transducer that uses the primary wave and secondary wave for flaw detection, its propagation sound path in the rail is the longest and it does not have the condition to directly increase the speed to 120 km / h for operation. Due to the current speed limitation of rail flaw detection vehicles, on the one hand, rail flaw detection vehicles generally use the train operation gap to detect the general speed line, and its maximum detection speed is limited to 80 km / h, so the impact on the production and transportation of general speed railways is becoming more and more obvious; on the other hand, rail flaw detection vehicles use the skylight point to detect high-speed railways, and its maximum detection speed is limited to 80 km / h, so the utilization efficiency of the high-speed railway skylight is also reduced.

[0005] In addition, during the low-speed detection of the rail flaw detector, although the ultrasonic waves emitted by a certain transducer inside the detection wheel can be received by other transducers after multiple reflections through the outer membrane inside the wheel, due to the low repetition frequency at low speeds, the ultrasonic wave signals reflected inside the wheel are not within the detection gate range. Therefore, some of the ultrasonic waves reflected inside the wheel will not cause false alarms or other effects on ultrasonic detection. However, as the detection repetition frequency increases, the echo signals of the ultrasonic waves emitted by a certain transducer after multiple reflections through the inner and outer membranes of the wheel will enter the detection gate of the next cycle of other transducers, forming crosstalk waves between ultrasonic channels, significantly reducing the detection signal-to-noise ratio and affecting the detection of damage. Therefore, when increasing the detection speed of the rail flaw detector, it is also necessary to consider the mutual interference problem caused by the reflection of ultrasonic waves inside the wheel of each transducer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast rail ultrasonic detection probe to solve the problem that the running speed of the existing rail flaw detector cannot be effectively increased and the mutual interference problem caused by the reflection of ultrasonic waves of the transducer inside the wheel at high speeds.

[0007] The above technical object of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A fast rail ultrasonic detection probe, which includes:

[0009] A transducer holder, installed on the axle and located below the axle. The lower end face of the transducer holder has two adjacent and symmetrically arranged installation inclined surfaces.

[0010] A transducer group, installed on the transducer holder. The transducer group includes a first transducer and a second transducer respectively arranged on the two installation inclined surfaces. The first transducer and the second transducer are used to detect the internal nuclear damage of the rail. The transducer group also includes a third transducer arranged on the upper end face of the transducer holder. The third transducer is used to detect the horizontal crack of the rail.

[0011] An internal-wheel sealed space is formed on the outer periphery of the transducer holder. The transducer group is located inside the internal-wheel sealed space. Wherein, the height of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first transducer and the second transducer from the tread of the rail is less than or equal to 12 mm, and the flaw detection sound path in the internal sealed space is less than or equal to 30 μs.

[0012] A sound baffle, arranged inside the internal-wheel sealed space. One end of the sound baffle is installed on the transducer holder. The sound baffle is used to block the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first transducer and the second transducer inside the internal-wheel sealed space.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe further includes:

[0014] Two flange plates, respectively located on both sides of the transducer frame, and both of the two flange plates are rotationally and sealingly connected to the axle;

[0015] A flexible outer membrane, covering the outside of the two flange plates to form the inner-wheel sealing space between the two flange plates.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first transducer and the second transducer are respectively a forwardly inclined 70-degree transducer and a backwardly inclined 70-degree transducer, and the refraction angles of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the forwardly inclined 70-degree transducer and the backwardly inclined 70-degree transducer in the rail are both 70°; and / or,

[0017] The third transducer is a 0-degree transducer, and the refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the 0-degree transducer in the rail is 0°.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the forwardly inclined 70-degree transducer, the backwardly inclined 70-degree transducer, and the 0-degree transducer are all longitudinal waves.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conduction inclined surface is formed on the front side surface of the transducer frame close to the 0-degree transducer, the conduction inclined surface inclines upward in the horizontal direction, and the conduction inclined surface is parallel to the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the forwardly inclined 70-degree transducer after being reflected by the tread surface of the rail in the inner-wheel sealing space.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conduction hole penetrating up and down is formed at the position on the transducer frame corresponding to the installation of the 0-degree transducer, and the conduction hole penetrates through the conduction inclined surface.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 0-degree adjustment block for adjusting the installation height of the 0-degree transducer is provided between the transducer frame and the 0-degree transducer, and the 0-degree adjustment block is in a semi-circular arc structure.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 0-degree transducer and the sound baffle are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the transducer frame.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sound baffle includes a connected rigid connection plate and a flexible adaptation plate, the rigid connection plate is installed on the transducer frame, and the flexible adaptation plate is in frictional contact with the flexible outer membrane.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the total flaw detection sound path of the first transducer, the second transducer, and the third transducer is less than 180 μs.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting portion is provided at the upper end of the transducer holder, and mounting holes are formed in the connecting portion, and the wheel shaft is inserted into the mounting holes.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a coupling medium is filled in the inner sealed space of the wheel, and the coupling medium is used to conduct ultrasonic waves.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following characteristics and advantages:

[0028] The rapid rail ultrasonic detection probe can detect internal damages of the rail at a speed of 120 km / h, which can reduce the impact of rail flaw detection on the production and transportation of ordinary-speed lines and the occupation of detection skylight points for high-speed railways, and greatly improve the efficiency of rapid rail flaw detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. In the drawings:

[0030] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are only schematic and are used to assist in understanding the present invention, rather than specifically limiting the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, under the teaching of the present invention, select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions according to specific circumstances to implement the present invention.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the rapid rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transducer holder of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is another schematic structural diagram of the transducer holder of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a detection schematic diagram of the 70-degree skewed transducer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is another detection schematic diagram of the 70-degree skewed transducer of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6Schematic diagram of relevant flaw detection angles of the 70-degree skewed transducer described in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sound baffle described in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the propagation path of the forward 70-degree skewed transducer in the wheel described in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the 0-degree transducer described in the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings:

[0041] 10. Wheel axle; 11. Flange;

[0042] 20. Transducer holder; 21. Conduction inclined plane; 22. Connection part; 23. Mounting hole; 24. Conduction hole;

[0043] 30. Forward 70-degree skewed transducer; 31. Rearward 70-degree skewed transducer; 32. 0-degree transducer; 33. 0-degree adjustment block;

[0044] 40. Sound baffle; 41. Rigid connection plate; 42. Flexible adaptation plate;

[0045] 50. Flexible outer membrane; 51. Sealed space inside the wheel;

[0046] 60. Rail. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be a middle element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be a middle element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of this invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0050] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the present invention provides a fast rail ultrasonic detection probe, which includes a transducer holder 20, a transducer group, two flange plates 11, a flexible outer membrane 50 and a sound baffle 40. The transducer holder 20 is installed on the axle 10 and is located below the axle 10. The lower end surface of the transducer holder 20 facing the rail 60 has two adjacent and symmetrically arranged mounting inclined surfaces; the transducer group is installed on the transducer holder 20. The transducer group includes a first transducer and a second transducer respectively arranged on the two mounting inclined surfaces. The first transducer and the second transducer are used to detect internal nuclear damage of the rail 60. The transducer group further includes a third transducer arranged on the upper end surface of the transducer holder 20. The third transducer is used to detect horizontal cracks of the rail 60; the two flange plates 11 are respectively located on both sides of the transducer holder 20. The two flange plates 11 are both rotationally and sealingly connected to the axle 10; the flexible outer membrane 50 is wrapped outside the two flange plates 11 to form an inner-wheel sealed space 51 between the two flange plates 11; the sound baffle 40 is arranged in the inner-wheel sealed space 51. One end of the sound baffle 40 is installed on the transducer holder 20. The sound baffle 40 is used to block the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first transducer and the second transducer in the inner-wheel sealed space 51; wherein, the height of the first transducer and the second transducer from the tread surface of the rail 60 is less than or equal to 12 mm, and the flaw detection sound path of the ultrasonic waves emitted by them in the inner sealed space is less than or equal to 30 μs.

[0051] For the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention, by reducing the installation height of the first transducer and the second transducer in the wheel and providing a sound baffle 40 for absorbing the reflected ultrasonic waves in the wheel, the requirements for the repetition frequency of ultrasonic detection at a detection speed of 120 km / h can be met, the detection of internal cracks in the rail head, rail waist and their extended parts can be realized, the ultrasonic detection sound path in the wheel can be reduced, the problem of signal crosstalk between ultrasonic channels at a speed of 120 km / h can be effectively solved, and the effective detection of internal damage of the rail 60 can be ensured. By realizing the detection of internal damage of the rail 60 at a speed of 120 km / h, the impact of rail 60 flaw detection on the production and transportation of conventional speed lines and the occupation of the detection skylight points of high-speed railways can be reduced, and the efficiency of fast rail flaw detection can be greatly improved.

[0052] The specific structures of each part of the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention, as well as the positions and connection relationships between each part, will be described in detail below.

[0053] As Figure 1 shown, the quick rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention has a transducer holder 20, and the transducer holder 20 is the main structure of the quick rail ultrasonic detection probe. Each transducer and the sound baffle 40 described above are all installed on the transducer holder 20.

[0054] As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the transducer holder 20 is fixedly installed on the axle 10 and is located below the axle 10. Specifically, a connecting portion 22 is provided at the upper end of the transducer holder 20, and a mounting hole 23 is formed in the connecting portion 22, and the axle 10 is inserted into the mounting hole 23.

[0055] Furthermore, the transducer holder 20 adopts an integral structure, providing mounting interfaces for three transducers, which can ensure the mounting angles and spatial dimension relationships of the transducers. Among them, a first transducer and a second transducer are provided on the lower end surface of the transducer holder 20 facing the rail 60. There are two adjacent and symmetrically arranged mounting inclined surfaces on the lower end surface of the transducer holder 20. The two mounting inclined surfaces face away from each other and each is provided with one of the above-mentioned mounting interfaces. The first transducer and the second transducer are respectively mounted and fixed on the two mounting inclined surfaces; a mounting interface is provided on the upper end surface of the transducer holder 20, and the third transducer is mounted and fixed on the upper end surface of the transducer holder 20.

[0056] Preferably, the first transducer and the second transducer are respectively a forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and a rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31. The forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and the rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31 are respectively mounted on the forward mounting inclined surface and the rearward mounting inclined surface, so that the refraction angles of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the two transducers in the rail 60 are both 70°; the third transducer is a 0-degree transducer 32, and the 0-degree transducer 32 is mounted on the upper end surface of the transducer holder 20, so that the refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transducer in the rail 60 is 0°.

[0057] Specifically, as Figures 3 to 6As shown in the figure, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30 point forward, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree backward-skewed transducer 31 point backward. Both are used to detect internal nuclear damage in the inner side of the rail head of rail 60; the internal nuclear damage in rail 60 occurs on the inner side of the rail head, generally located 8 mm to 12 mm below the rail tread and 5 mm to 10 mm from the inner side of the rail. Taking the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30 as an example to illustrate its main detection method, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30 are longitudinal waves. After passing through the coupling medium inside the wheel (usually coupling liquid) and the flexible outer membrane 50, they reach the middle area of the rail head. The ultrasonic waves enter the interior of rail 60 after refraction, forming a primary shear wave after refraction. The primary shear wave continues to propagate inside the rail head and forms a secondary shear wave after passing through the web plane. The secondary shear wave continues to propagate on the inner side of the rail head. When there is nuclear damage on the inner side of the rail head, the secondary shear wave is reflected and then reflected again by the web plane, and finally received by the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30, thus realizing the detection of internal nuclear damage in the rail head; the incident angle of the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30 inside the wheel is about 28°, and the deflection angle is about 8°. The deflection angle of the primary shear wave generated by the ultrasonic waves it emits in rail 60 is about 70°, and the deflection angle of the secondary shear wave propagating after reflection by the rail web is about 65°. The detection method of the 70-degree backward-skewed transducer 31 is basically the same as that of the 70-degree forward-skewed transducer 30, and will not be elaborated here.

[0058] The probe wheel structures of existing 80 km / h rail 60 flaw detection vehicles cannot meet the detection speed requirements of 120 km / h. To meet the requirement that the ultrasonic probe wheel detection speed is not less than 120 km / h, the maximum sound path for ultrasonic detection within a single scanning cycle:

[0059] T = (3600 * ΔS) / v = (3600 * 6) / 120 μs = 180 μs.

[0060] Among them, the scanning interval ΔS is 6 mm, and the detection speed v is 120 km / h.

[0061] The ultrasonic detection sound path consists of two parts: the internal sound path of the ultrasonic probe wheel and the sound path in rail 60. For the 70-degree skewed transducer, the sound path it propagates in rail 60 is about 150 μs (relatively fixed), so the internal sound path in the ultrasonic probe wheel needs to be less than or equal to 30 μs.

[0062] In the present invention, the forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and the rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31 are mounted on the lower end face of the transducer holder 20, effectively reducing their installation height within the wheel, such that the height of the forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and the rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31 from the tread surface of the rail 60 is less than or equal to 12 mm, thereby being able to meet the above-mentioned sound path requirements. Specifically, the ultrasonic sound path of the forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and the rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31 within the wheel is approximately 28 μs, the propagation sound path within the rail 60 is approximately 150 μs, and the total sound path is approximately 178 μs; both the forwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 30 and the rearwardly deflected 70-degree transducer 31 meet the requirement that the total sound path is less than 180 μs, and have the ability to detect internal cracks in the rail head, rail waist, and their extended parts of the rail 60 at a speed of 120 km / h.

[0063] In addition, as Figure 3 shown, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the 0-degree transducer 32 points directly downward and is mainly used to detect horizontal cracks in the rail head and rail waist; horizontal cracks in the rail 60 generally occur in the middle of the rail waist, and some occur at the lower jaw of the rail head. The ultrasonic wave emitted by the 0-degree transducer 32 propagates in the coupling medium within the wheel in the form of longitudinal waves. When encountering the interface of the rail 60, a part of the ultrasonic wave enters the rail 60 and still propagates in the form of longitudinal waves. If there are horizontal cracks inside the rail head, rail waist, and their extended parts of the rail 60, the ultrasonic wave will be reflected along the original path to the 0-degree transducer 32 and be received by it, thereby realizing the detection of damage.

[0064] The ultrasonic sound path of the 0-degree transducer 32 within the wheel is approximately 92 μs, the propagation sound path within the rail 60 is approximately 60 μs, and the total sound path is approximately 152 μs. The 0-degree transducer 32 meets the requirement that the total sound path is less than 180 μs, and has the ability to detect internal cracks in the rail head, rail waist, and their extended parts of the rail 60 at a speed of 120 km / h.

[0065] As Figure 2 shown, the rapid rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention further has flange plates 11 provided on both sides of the transducer. The flange plates 11 are rotatably sleeved on the axle 10, and a rotational seal connection is provided between the flange plates 11 and the axle 10. At the same time, a flexible outer membrane 50 is wrapped between the two flange plates 11, thereby forming an internal wheel sealing space 51 between the two flange plates 11 and the flexible outer membrane 50. The transducer holder 20 and each transducer are located within the internal wheel sealing space 51.

[0066] Furthermore, the internal wheel sealing space 51 is filled with a coupling medium, and the coupling medium is used to conduct ultrasonic waves. The coupling medium is usually a coupling liquid.

[0067] As Figure 3 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown in the figure, the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe of the present invention further has a sound baffle 40. The sound baffle 40 is installed on the transducer holder 20 and is located within the inner wheel sealed space 51. The 0-degree transducer 32 and the sound baffle 40 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the transducer holder 20. Specifically, the sound baffle 40 of the present invention adopts a rigid-flexible integrated structure, which includes a connected rigid connection plate 41 and a flexible adaptation plate 42. The rigid connection plate 41 is installed on the transducer holder 20, and the flexible adaptation plate 42 is in frictional contact with the flexible outer membrane 50. After the rigid-flexible integrated sound baffle 40 is installed on the transducer holder 20, it can block the propagation paths of the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 and the 70-degree backwardly deflected transducer 31 inside the ultrasonic detection wheel (as Figure 8 shown), preventing them from being received by each other, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal and avoiding the ultrasonic crosstalk between channels caused by the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 being received by the 70-degree backwardly deflected transducer 31 after multiple reflections through the flexible outer membrane 50.

[0068] The flexible adaptation plate 42 can adapt to the shape change of the flexible outer membrane 50 when the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe is running at high speed, and always maintain effective contact with the flexible outer membrane 50, solving the problem that the shape of the flexible outer membrane 50 becomes larger when the fast rail ultrasonic detection probe is running at high speed, and relying only on the rigid connection plate 41 cannot effectively block the propagation paths of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 and the 70-degree backwardly deflected transducer 31 in the inner wheel sealed space 51. At the same time, it also avoids the damage of the flexible outer membrane (50) caused by the direct contact and friction between the rigid sound baffle 40 and the flexible outer membrane 50.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 and Figure 8 shown, a conduction inclined surface 21 is formed on the front side surface of the transducer holder 20 close to the 0-degree transducer 32. The conduction inclined surface 21 is inclined upward in the horizontal direction. The conduction inclined surface 21 can effectively avoid the shielding of the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves reflected by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 inside the wheel by the transducer holder 20, so that the ultrasonic waves reflected inside the wheel can be smoothly reflected to the sound baffle 40 and absorbed by the sound baffle 40, thereby avoiding the problem of signal crosstalk.

[0070] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the bottom surface of the side of the transducer holder 20 where the 0-degree transducer 32 is installed is the conduction inclined surface 21. The conduction inclined surface 21 is inclined upward from the direction close to the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 to the direction away from the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30. The conduction inclined surface 21 is parallel to the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 after being reflected by the tread surface of the rail 60 in the inner wheel sealed space 51, which can avoid the conduction inclined surface 21 forming a fixed reflected echo and being received by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 9 shown, a conduction hole 24 penetrating up and down is provided at the position on the transducer holder 20 corresponding to the installation of the 0-degree transducer 32, and the conduction hole 24 penetrates the conduction inclined surface 21. The conduction hole 24 provides a path for the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 0-degree transducer 32, ensuring that the vertically downward ultrasonic waves emitted by the 0-degree transducer 32 can smoothly reach the tread of the rail 60.

[0072] Furthermore, as Figure 9 shown, a 0-degree adjustment block for adjusting the installation height of the 0-degree transducer 32 is provided between the transducer holder 20 and the 0-degree transducer 32, and the 0-degree adjustment block 33 is in a semi-circular arc structure. The installation height of the 0-degree transducer 32 can be adjusted by replacing 0-degree adjustment blocks 33 with different thicknesses; at the same time, the 0-degree adjustment block 33 adopts a semi-open structure in the shape of an arc, which can prevent the ultrasonic waves reflected by the tread of the rail 60 in the inner wheel sealing space 51 after the ultrasonic waves emitted by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30 are reflected by the 0-degree adjustment block 33 and form a fixed reflected echo to be received by the 70-degree forwardly deflected transducer 30.

[0073] When the rail 60 flaw detection vehicle performs low-speed detection, although the ultrasonic waves emitted by a certain transducer inside the probe can be received by other transducers after multiple reflections in the wheel, at low speeds, due to the low repetition frequency, the ultrasonic wave signals reflected in the wheel are not within the detection gate range, so it will not cause false alarms and other impacts on ultrasonic detection. However, as the detection repetition frequency increases (from 80 km / h to 120 km / h), the echo signals of the ultrasonic waves emitted by a certain transducer after multiple reflections in the wheel will enter the detection gate of the next cycle of other transducers, forming crosstalk waves between ultrasonic channels, significantly reducing the detection signal-to-noise ratio and affecting the detection of damage. The present invention effectively solves the problem of signal crosstalk between ultrasonic channels at a speed of 120 km / h by setting the sound baffle 40, the conduction inclined surface 21, and the semi-open 0-degree adjustment block, ensuring the effective detection of internal damage of the rail 60.

[0074] In the above-mentioned specific embodiments, the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention are further described in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast rail ultrasonic detection probe, characterized in that: include: A transducer frame (20) is mounted on the wheel axle (10) and is located below the wheel axle (10), and the lower end surface of the transducer frame (20) has two adjacent and symmetrically arranged mounting inclined surfaces; A transducer group is mounted on the transducer frame (20), the transducer group comprises a first transducer and a second transducer respectively arranged on the two mounting inclined surfaces, the first transducer and the second transducer are used to detect inner core damage of the rail (60), the transducer group further comprises a third transducer arranged on the upper end surface of the transducer frame (20), the third transducer is used to detect horizontal cracks of the rail (60); An inner wheel sealed space (51) is formed on the outer periphery of the transducer frame (20), and the transducer group is located in the inner wheel sealed space (51); wherein the height of the first transducer and the second transducer from the tread of the rail (60) is less than or equal to 12 mm, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by them has a flaw detection sound path in the inner sealed space of less than or equal to 30 μs; A sound barrier (40) is arranged in the sealed space (51) in the wheel, one end of the sound barrier (40) is mounted on the transducer frame (20), and the sound barrier (40) is used to block the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first transducer and the second transducer in the sealed space (51) in the wheel.

2. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe also includes: Two flanges (11) are respectively located on two sides of the transducer frame (20), and the two flanges (11) are rotatably sealed and connected to the wheel shaft (10); A flexible outer membrane (50) is coated on the outside of the two flanges (11) to form the inner wheel sealing space (51) between the two flanges (11).

3. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first transducer and the second transducer are respectively a forward deflection 70-degree transducer (30) and a backward deflection 70-degree transducer (31), and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the forward deflection 70-degree transducer (30) and the backward deflection 70-degree transducer (31) both have a refraction angle of 70° in the rail (60); and / or, The third transducer is a 0-degree transducer (32), and the refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the 0-degree transducer (32) in the steel rail (60) is 0°.

4. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ultrasonic waves emitted by the forward deflection 70-degree transducer (30), the backward deflection 70-degree transducer (31), and the 0-degree transducer (32) are all longitudinal waves.

5. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: A conductive inclined surface (21) is formed on the front side surface of the transducer frame (20) close to the 0-degree transducer (32), and the conductive inclined surface (21) is inclined upward in the horizontal direction. The conductive inclined surface (21) is parallel to the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transducer (30) with a forward deflection of 70 degrees after being reflected by the tread of the rail (60) in the sealed space (51) inside the wheel.

6. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 5, characterized in that: A conducting hole (24) extending vertically through the transducer frame (20) is provided at a position corresponding to the installation of the 0-degree transducer (32), and the conducting hole (24) passes through the conducting inclined surface (21).

7. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 6, characterized in that: A 0-degree adjustment block (33) capable of adjusting the installation height of the 0-degree transducer (32) is provided between the transducer frame (20) and the 0-degree transducer (32); the 0-degree adjustment block (33) is a semicircular arc structure.

8. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The 0-degree transducer (32) and the sound barrier (40) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the transducer frame (20).

9. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sound barrier (40) comprises a rigid connection plate (41) and a flexible adaptation plate (42) connected to each other. The rigid connection plate (41) is mounted on the transducer frame (20), and the flexible adaptation plate (42) is in frictional contact with the flexible outer film (50).

10. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total flaw detection sound path of the first transducer, the second transducer and the third transducer is less than 180 μs.

11. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting portion (22) is provided at the upper end of the transducer frame (20), a mounting hole (23) is provided on the connecting portion (22), and the wheel axle (10) is inserted into the mounting hole (23).

12. The fast rail ultrasonic detection probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheel inner sealing space (51) is filled with a coupling medium, and the coupling medium is used for conducting ultrasonic waves.

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