Operation device for measuring acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate experiment operation devices, in particular to an operation device for measuring sugarcane acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate, which comprises a blending device, the blending device comprises a soil centrifugal turntable, the lower part of the soil centrifugal turntable is provided with a rotating shaft, and the lower part of the soil centrifugal turntable is provided with a rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is rotatably fixed on the device support frame; a centrifugal atomization rotating disc is arranged above the soil centrifugal rotating disc, and a solution cavity is formed in the centrifugal atomization rotating disc along the inner side of the disc surface; a plurality of atomization holes are formed in the lower side wall of the solution cavity; a soil feeding pipe is arranged above the center of the soil centrifugal turntable; a solution conveying pipe is arranged above the center of the centrifugal atomization turntable; the soil centrifugal rotating disc and the centrifugal atomization rotating disc are connected into a whole through a plurality of connecting rods. By adopting the device, the isotope and the soil can be fully and uniformly mixed, the collection effect of the later isotope leachate is remarkably improved, and the test accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane aluminum acid resistance and nitrogen utilization rate experimental operating devices, and in particular to an operating device for measuring sugarcane aluminum acid resistance and nitrogen utilization rate. Background Art

[0002] Soil acid aluminum toxicity is a serious agricultural production problem that is prevalent worldwide. From the perspective of soil environment, about 30% of the world's potential arable land is acidic soil. In acidic soil, when the pH drops below 5.0, the complexed and combined aluminum in the soil will gradually dissociate, releasing a large amount of active Al3+. Aluminum toxicity can poison plants, cause nutritional imbalance, root poisoning, etc., and seriously affect plant growth and development. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the most important sugar producing area in China, with sugarcane cultivation area and sucrose production accounting for more than 65% of the country. However, about 800,000 hectares of sugarcane fields in the region are acidic soils with a pH below 5.0. Aluminum toxicity is one of the important constraints that make it difficult to break through the level of sugarcane yield. Nitrogen is one of the key nutrients required for sugarcane growth, and a reasonable nitrogen supply is crucial to the yield and quality of sugarcane. However, in the current sugarcane planting process, there is a widespread phenomenon of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. According to statistics, the annual nitrogen application rate of sugarcane fields in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is 500-755 kg / hm 2 , more than three times the world average nitrogen application level.

[0003] Acid-resistant aluminum is closely related to nitrogen utilization rate. Under acid-aluminum stress environment, the concentration of active aluminum ions in the soil increases, which will inhibit the growth and development of sugarcane roots and change the root morphology, such as shortening and thickening the roots, and reducing the number of root hairs, thereby affecting the root absorption area and absorption capacity for nitrogen.

[0004] However, different genotypes of different sugarcane and its closely related genera have significant differences in their tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Sugarcane varieties with strong tolerance to acidic aluminum can grow better in acidic soils and reduce the impact of aluminum toxicity on yield. Improving the nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied while ensuring the yield and quality of sugarcane. Therefore, screening and utilizing aluminum-resistant genotypes and fully tapping the genetic potential of excellent genotypes can provide aluminum-resistant parents for breeding, which is an effective way to improve sugarcane productivity in acidic aluminum-toxic soils.

[0005] However, in the current experiments on sugarcane's tolerance to aluminum and nitrogen utilization, the following technical problems exist in the specific operations: (1) It is difficult to fully mix the isotopes with the soil, and thus it is difficult to simulate the actual soil environment. Local isotope unevenness such as too high or too low will cause differences in the growth of multiple sugarcane plants in the potted plant barrel, which is not conducive to subsequent statistical analysis; (2) Using the existing potted plant barrels, it is inconvenient to periodically collect the isotope extract. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides an operating device for measuring the acid aluminum tolerance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane to solve the problems described in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An operating device for measuring the acid aluminum tolerance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane, including a mixing device, the mixing device includes a soil centrifugal turntable, a rotating shaft is arranged below the soil centrifugal turntable, and the rotating shaft is rotatably fixed to the device support frame; an centrifugal atomization turntable is arranged above the soil centrifugal turntable, and a solution cavity is arranged along the inner side of the disk surface of the centrifugal atomization turntable; the cross-section of the solution cavity is U-shaped; a plurality of atomization holes are arranged on the lower side wall of the solution cavity; a soil feeding pipe is arranged above the center of the soil centrifugal turntable; a solution delivery pipe is arranged above the center of the centrifugal atomization turntable; the soil centrifugal turntable and the centrifugal atomization turntable are connected into one body through a plurality of connecting rods.

[0009] Optionally, the solution delivery pipe is coaxially arranged inside the soil feeding pipe, and the lower end of the soil feeding pipe is movably connected to the lower plate surface of the solution cavity; the lower end of the solution delivery pipe is movably connected to the upper plate surface of the solution cavity.

[0010] Optionally, the lower end of the soil feeding pipe is movably connected to the lower plate surface of the solution cavity through a sealed bearing; the lower end of the solution delivery pipe is movably connected to the upper plate surface of the solution cavity through a sealed bearing.

[0011] Optionally, the upper end of the solution delivery pipe is connected to the outer side wall of the soil feeding pipe; a liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the side wall of the solution delivery pipe; a first valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe.

[0012] Optionally, a high-pressure air inlet pipe is communicated with the side wall of the solution delivery pipe; a second valve is arranged on the high-pressure air inlet pipe.

[0013] Optionally, the two inclined cavities on both sides of the cross-section of the solution cavity are arranged with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part.

[0014] Optionally, the atomization holes are arranged in the upper part of the solution cavity.

[0015] Optionally, a mixed soil collection chute is arranged at the lower outer side of the soil centrifugal turntable.

[0016] Optionally, it further includes a potted plant bucket; a water passing hole is arranged at the bottom of the potted plant bucket; an isotope leaching solution collection basin is detachably arranged at the lower part of the potted plant bucket.

[0017] Optionally, a drain pipe is arranged at the lower part of the isotope leaching solution collection basin, and a drain valve is arranged on the drain pipe.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The mixing device of the present invention is provided with a synchronous centrifugal atomization turntable and a soil centrifugal turntable. The design of the centrifugal atomization turntable can realize the centrifugal pressurized atomization of the isotope solution, and the soil centrifugal turntable can realize the centrifugal dispersion of the soil to be mixed. Moreover, after the soil is centrifugally dispersed and accelerated first, the soil is promoted to be in a granular rolling state. When it is thrown to the upper middle part, the soil particles are atomized and mixed with isotopes. By granulating the soil into small particles and mixing based on the small particle soil, the mixing degree of the isotope solution and the soil can be significantly improved, the actual soil environment can be simulated to the greatest extent, and the accuracy of subsequent related isotope concentration gradient tests can be improved.

[0020] 2. The potted plant bucket can adopt a disposable isotope leaching solution collection basin. Before collection, liquid can be injected into the potted plant bucket, and the soil can be fully soaked. After soaking for a certain time, it flows out through the drain pipe for collection. This is not only convenient to operate but also greatly improves the authenticity and accuracy of the relevant concentrations of the leaching solution at different stages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the mixing device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of fluid flow in the mixing device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the potted plant bucket of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inside", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is customarily placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "set" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] An operating device for measuring the acid aluminum tolerance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane, as Figure 1 shown, includes a mixing device. The mixing device includes a soil centrifugal turntable 2. A rotating shaft 20 is provided at the lower part of the soil centrifugal turntable 2. The rotating shaft 20 is rotatably fixed to the device support frame 1 through a bearing 21. In this embodiment, the rotational power can be provided by a motor 22; an atomizing centrifugal turntable 4 is provided above the soil centrifugal turntable 2. A solution chamber 3 is arranged along the inner side of the disk surface of the atomizing centrifugal turntable 4; the cross-section of the solution chamber 3 is U-shaped for accommodating liquid; a plurality of atomizing holes 5 are provided on the lower side wall of the solution chamber 3; in this embodiment, the following structure is preferably adopted:

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the two inclined chambers on both sides of the cross-section of the solution chamber 3 are arranged with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part. The function of this design is that when centrifuging, the solution in the solution chamber 3 flows outward and upward under the centrifugal force. At the same time, the upper part of the solution chamber 3 gradually narrows, which can significantly increase the pressure on the liquid. With the increase of pressure, the atomization fineness is improved. At the same time, by combining the solution delivery pipe and the high-pressure air inlet pipe described below, through the intermittent input of liquid during centrifugation and then introducing positive pressure gas, that is, adding a constant air pressure behind the fluid, after fixing the centrifugal speed, the continuous balance degree of the force on the fluid system can be further improved, ensuring the continuous stability of the atomization amount. Preferably, the atomizing holes 5 are arranged in the upper part of the solution chamber 3. The function of this design is that by arranging it in the upper part, it can promote the dispersion of the soil into soil particles at the lower part of the soil centrifugal turntable 2, and at the same time, promote the soil particles to enter an accelerated tumbling state (i.e., the Q area as Figure 2 shown), and then atomize and spray the tumbling soil particles (this stage is at Figure 2The M area in it) can achieve the uniformity and effect of mixing, and simulate the actual soil environment to the greatest extent.

[0030] Above the center of the soil centrifugal turntable 2, a soil feeding pipe 14 is provided; above the center of the centrifugal atomizing turntable 4, a solution delivery pipe 15 is provided; between the soil centrifugal turntable 2 and the centrifugal atomizing turntable 4, they are connected into one body through a number of lower connecting rods 19 and a number of middle connecting rods 4-1. To improve the rigidity of the centrifugal atomizing turntable 4, in this embodiment, a reinforcing rod 2-1 can also be provided at the lower part of its solution chamber 3, and its top is welded into one body.

[0031] Optionally, the solution delivery pipe 15 is coaxially arranged inside the soil feeding pipe 14, and the lower end of the soil feeding pipe 14 is movably connected to the lower plate surface of the solution chamber 3 through a first sealing bearing 18; the lower end of the solution delivery pipe 15 is movably connected to the upper plate surface of the solution chamber 3 through a second sealing bearing 16. To improve the connection rigidity between the solution delivery pipe 15 and the soil feeding pipe 14, the upper end of the solution delivery pipe 15 is connected to the outer side wall of the soil feeding pipe 15. At the same time, a connecting rod (not shown) can also be provided between the inner wall of the solution delivery pipe 15 and the outer wall of the soil feeding pipe 15; a funnel 10 is provided at the upper end of the soil feeding pipe 14 and is fixed by a fixing bracket 11. Optionally, a liquid inlet pipe 8 is communicated with the side wall of the solution delivery pipe 15; a first valve 9 is provided on the liquid inlet pipe 8.

[0032] Optionally, a high-pressure air inlet pipe 13 is communicated with the side wall of the solution delivery pipe 15; a second valve 12 is provided on the high-pressure air inlet pipe 13.

[0033] Optionally, a mixed soil collection chute 6 is provided at the lower outer side of the soil centrifugal turntable 2. In this embodiment, the mixed soil collection chute 6 has a chute structure with a higher left end and a lower right end, that is, as Figure 1 shown, in the second half, the left end is higher and the right end is lower, and in the first half, the left end is also higher and the right end is lower, so as to promote the mixed soil to slide and collect from the left side to the right side. At the same time, a discharge port 17 is provided at the lowest position on the right end side, and a retaining ring 7 is provided on the outer circumference of the mixed soil collection chute 6.

[0034] When using this device, the following scheme can be preferably adopted:

[0035] The single - time quantitative soil mixing operation is as follows. First, add a sufficient amount of soil into the funnel 10, open the first valve 9, connect the liquid inlet pipe 8 to a solution bottle, and pump the solution into the solution delivery pipe 15 through a water pump. The soil centrifugal turntable 2 and the centrifugal atomization turntable 4 rotate synchronously (driven by the same motor to ensure the matching of the centrifugal forces on the subsequent soil and liquid, and to promote the continuous uniformity of the liquid - soil mixing). For a single - cycle mixing, the isotope liquid with a certain concentration introduced from the liquid inlet pipe 8 is quantitative (generally, it can fill the solution cavity 3). Then, start the motor 22, close the first valve 9. After the rotation speed is stable for a certain time, when the liquid level in the solution delivery pipe 15 drops below the high - pressure air inlet pipe 13, open the second valve 12. The high - pressure air inlet pipe 13 is connected to a regulated air source. At this time, the liquid in the solution cavity 3 starts to enter a state of uniform speed and pressure. The mixed soil in the starting stage is scraped and discarded from the mixed - soil collection slideway 6 (and the mixed soil at the end of the single - cycle operation is also discarded. The specific operation can be to take out the mixed soil 1 - 2 minutes before shutting down). That is, only the mixed soil in the middle state of uniform speed and pressure is taken for the later test, which can significantly improve the soil used in the test to be close to the simulated actual soil environment. By changing the concentration of the isotope liquid in the circulation operation, uniform different - isotope soils can be obtained. The soil is uniform, ensuring the reliability of the later test data.

[0036] Optionally, as Figure 3 shown, it further includes a potted - plant bucket 23; a water - passing hole 28 is provided at the bottom of the potted - plant bucket 23; a lower part of the potted - plant bucket 23 is detachably provided with an isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30. During use, the potted - plant bucket 23 is placed on a bracket 25. The bracket 25 is provided with a conical support opening 24 for supporting the potted - plant bucket 23, and at the same time, several support rods are provided to facilitate the disassembly and assembly operation of the subsequent isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30. In this embodiment, in order to prevent the liquid from leaking from the connection between the isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30 and the potted - plant bucket 23, a sealing ring 32 can be provided on the outer side of the lower part 31 of the potted - plant bucket 23, and the connection can be in a socket - connection or other ways. The isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30 can be made for one - time use to reduce cross - contamination. As Figure 3 shown, after the isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30 is connected to the bottom of the potted - plant bucket 23, a liquid - storage cavity 29 can be formed, which is beneficial to the falling of the liquid.

[0037] Optionally, a drain pipe 27 is provided at the lower part of the isotope leaching - liquid collection basin 30, and a drain valve 26 is provided on the drain pipe 27.

[0038] During use, by adding liquid into the potted - plant bucket 23, then soaking for a period of time, and then opening the drain valve 26 to collect the leaching liquid, and then detecting and analyzing the leaching liquid, the operation is convenient and the data is accurate and reliable.

Claims

1. An operating device for measuring the acid-aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mixing device, wherein the mixing device comprises a soil centrifugal turntable, a rotating shaft is arranged at the lower part of the soil centrifugal turntable, and the rotating shaft can be rotatably fixed to the device support frame; a centrifugal atomization turntable is arranged above the soil centrifugal turntable, and a solution cavity is arranged along the inner side of the disk surface of the centrifugal atomization turntable; the cross-section of the solution cavity is U-shaped; a plurality of atomization holes are arranged on the lower side wall of the solution cavity; a soil feeding pipe is arranged above the center of the soil centrifugal turntable; a solution delivery pipe is arranged above the center of the centrifugal atomization turntable; the soil centrifugal turntable and the centrifugal atomization turntable are connected as a whole through a plurality of connecting rods.

2. The operating device for measuring the acid-aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solution delivery pipe is coaxially arranged inside the soil delivery pipe, and the lower end of the soil delivery pipe is movably connected to the lower plate surface of the solution cavity; the lower end of the solution delivery pipe is movably connected to the upper plate surface of the solution cavity.

3. The operating device for measuring the acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end of the soil feeding pipe is movably connected to the lower plate surface of the solution cavity through a sealing bearing; the lower end of the solution delivery pipe is movably connected to the upper plate surface of the solution cavity through a sealing bearing.

4. The operating device for measuring the acid-aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the solution delivery pipe is connected to the outer side wall of the soil feeding pipe; the side wall of the solution delivery pipe is connected to a liquid inlet pipe; and a first valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe.

5. The operating device for measuring the acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the solution delivery pipe is connected with a high-pressure air intake pipe; a second valve is arranged on the high-pressure air intake pipe.

6. The operating device for measuring the acid-resistant aluminum and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined cavities on both sides of the cross-section of the solution cavity are arranged to be narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

7. The operating device for measuring the acid-aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomization hole is arranged at the upper part of the solution chamber.

8. The operating device for measuring the acid aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mixed soil collecting slideway is arranged at the lower outer side of the soil centrifugal turntable.

9. The operating device for measuring the acid aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a potted plant bucket; the bottom of the potted plant bucket is provided with a water hole; the lower part of the potted plant bucket is detachably provided with an isotope leaching liquid collection basin.

10. The operating device for measuring the acid aluminum resistance and nitrogen utilization rate of sugarcane according to claim 9, characterized in that: A drain pipe is arranged at the lower part of the isotope leaching solution collecting basin, and a drain valve is arranged on the drain pipe.

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