PEM electrolytic cell simulation method, device, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a PEM electrolytic cell simulation method and device, a medium and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: decomposing the total electrolysis voltage, and constructing one or more sub-item simulation models of an open-circuit voltage simulation model, an activation overpotential simulation model, a diffusion overpotential simulation model and an ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolytic cell; summing the output of the subitem simulation model, and constructing a single PEM electrolytic cell model; packaging a single PEM electrolytic cell model as a module, constructing a plurality of PEM electrolytic cell modules of the plurality of PEM electrolytic cell models by taking the module as a unit, and coupling the plurality of PEM electrolytic cell modules into the optical storage DC micro-grid system model in a series connection or parallel connection manner; and operating the optical storage DC micro-grid system model coupled with the plurality of PEM electrolytic cell modules to obtain a PEM electrolytic cell working characteristic simulation result, and outputting the PEM electrolytic cell working characteristic simulation result. The simulation efficiency and accuracy of the PEM electrolytic cell can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of PEM electrolyzers, and particularly to a PEM electrolyzer simulation method, device, medium and equipment. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy has the characteristics of low carbon, environmental protection, pollution-free, etc., and is a recognized clean energy in the world. How to achieve large-scale and low-cost hydrogen production has always been an important issue jointly studied by scholars in various countries. Under the support of national policies and the high attention of the government, the technical route of water electrolysis for hydrogen production has transitioned from the original alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis for hydrogen production and solid oxide electrolysis for hydrogen production technologies. Compared with other electrolysis for hydrogen production technologies, PEM electrolyzers have higher electrolysis efficiency at high current densities, and have the advantages of high hydrogen production purity (up to 99.99%), high efficiency, and compact structure. However, the expensive catalyst materials and processing costs limit the market promotion of PEM electrolyzers. At present, the research on PEM electrolyzers at home and abroad mainly focuses on aspects such as catalyst structure and materials, flow field design of bipolar plates, electrochemistry and working parameters. In addition, the PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production system is very suitable for being used in combination with renewable and intermittent energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, which is conducive to achieving the research goal of large-scale and low-cost hydrogen production. The electrolytic water technology for preparing green hydrogen suitable for photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation has broad development prospects.

[0003] The performance of PEM electrolyzers is related to many factors, including physical parameters such as electrolysis temperature and working pressure, flow field structure, morphology of membrane electrodes, etc. How to design and simulate PEM electrolyzers is a key to improving the comprehensive performance of PEM electrolyzers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a PEM electrolyzer simulation method, device, medium and equipment, mainly aiming to improve the simulation efficiency and accuracy of PEM electrolyzers.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, a PEM electrolyzer simulation method is provided, including:

[0006] Decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more sub-simulation models of the open circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0007] Perform a summation process on one or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-simulation models to construct a total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as a single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0008] Encapsulate a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, and construct multiple PEM electrolyzer modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules. Moreover, couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the photovoltaic and energy storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel form;

[0009] Run the photovoltaic and energy storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules, and obtain and output the simulation results of the working characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer.

[0010] In one implementation, construct an open-circuit voltage simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, including:

[0011] Based on the Nernst equation, and taking the energy loss required for the electrolysis process as a constraint condition, construct an open-circuit voltage simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer.

[0012] In one implementation, construct an activation overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, including:

[0013] Based on the Butler–Volmer equation describing the current with respect to the activation overpotential in the electrochemical kinetic process, construct an activation overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer.

[0014] In one implementation, construct a diffusion overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, including:

[0015] Based on the Nernst equation and engineering experience assumptions, construct a diffusion overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer.

[0016] In one implementation, construct an ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, including:

[0017] On the premise of assuming that the impedance is mainly the membrane resistance while ignoring the bipolar plate resistance, electrode resistance, and / or interface resistance between different layers, construct an ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer.

[0018] In one implementation, after constructing one or more sub-simulation models of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, it further includes:

[0019] Perform static simulation or dynamic simulation on the sub-simulation model by modifying the reading and writing methods of input parameters.

[0020] In one implementation, the performing static simulation or dynamic simulation on the sub-simulation model by modifying the reading and writing methods of input parameters includes:

[0021] In the sub-item simulation model, one or more of the electrolysis temperature, current density, membrane thickness, membrane water content, hydrogen production pressure, and oxygen production pressure are set as constants that do not change with time. By simulating, the absolute values of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential corresponding to a specific electrolysis temperature and / or current density are obtained, and the working characteristic curve of the PEM electrolyzer is obtained to achieve the static simulation of the sub-item simulation model; or,

[0022] In the sub-item simulation model, one or more of the electrolysis temperature and current density are set as variables that change continuously or stepwise with time. By simulating, the absolute values of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential corresponding to a specific electrolysis temperature and / or current density are obtained, and the working characteristic curve of the PEM electrolyzer is obtained to achieve the dynamic simulation of the sub-item simulation model.

[0023] In one implementation, one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-item simulation model are summed to construct a single PEM electrolyzer model, including:

[0024] The output ports of each sub-item simulation model are summed to obtain the total electrolysis voltage, and a single PEM electrolyzer model is constructed. Among them, the activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential are integrated based on the current density as a common input port, the ohmic overpotential and open-circuit voltage are integrated based on the electrolysis temperature as a common input port, and the activation overpotential and diffusion overpotential are integrated based on the anode electrolysis temperature and cathode electrolysis temperature as a common input port.

[0025] In one implementation, the encapsulation of the single PEM electrolyzer model into a module includes:

[0026] The single PEM electrolyzer model is encapsulated into a PEM electrolyzer module, and the physical signal input for the PEM electrolyzer module is converted into an electrical signal input.

[0027] In one implementation, the conversion of the physical signal input for the PEM electrolyzer module into an electrical signal input includes:

[0028] The current density variable is transformed into a current variable, an ammeter module is added as the front port of the current variable, and two circuit signal modules are imported and connected to the input end and one output end of the ammeter module respectively to construct the positive and negative ports of the PEM electrolyzer module connected to the circuit, so as to convert the physical signal into an electrical signal.

[0029] In one implementation, the coupling of multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the optical storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel includes:

[0030] Couple the modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models in series or parallel and connect them to a photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model including a photovoltaic power generation module and a storage battery module. A phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model is connected to the front end of the PEM electrolyzer module to control the PEM electrolyzer to operate within a stable and controllable low voltage range.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present application, a PEM electrolyzer simulation device is provided, including:

[0032] A sub-model construction unit for decomposing the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, and respectively constructing one or more of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0033] A model construction unit for adding one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential output by the simulation model to construct a total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as a single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0034] A model encapsulation and coupling unit for encapsulating a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, constructing multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules, and coupling multiple PEM electrolyzer modules in series or parallel to a photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model;

[0035] A simulation execution unit for running a photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules to obtain and output a simulation result of the operating characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer.

[0036] According to one aspect of the present application, a storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is set to execute the above method when running.

[0037] According to one aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is set to run the computer program to execute the above method.

[0038] With the above technical solution, a PEM electrolyzer simulation method, device, medium, and equipment provided by this application decompose the total electrolysis voltage into four types of electrolysis voltage components: open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential, and respectively describe the sub-simulation models. Based on the sub-simulation models, sub-item summation processing is performed to construct a PEM electrolyzer model. Thus, based on the PEM electrolyzer model, simulation can be carried out from multiple dimensions of open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential, improving the simulation accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, multiple PEM electrolyzer modules are coupled and connected to the photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel, which can take advantage of the technical advantages of the DC microgrid, making the cost and loss lower, simpler, more flexible, and easier to coordinate and control, and is of great significance for realizing large-scale electrolytic water to produce green hydrogen using renewable energy photovoltaic power generation.

[0039] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of this application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features, and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are specifically given below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this application, and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 Shows a flowchart of a PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 Shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 Shows a flowchart of an example of a PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 Shows a schematic diagram of the influence of different temperatures on the characteristics of PEM electrolytic water in a PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a PEM electrolyzer simulation device provided by an embodiment of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of this application, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0047] In the research process, the inventors of this application found that the performance of PEM electrolyzers is related to many factors, including physical parameters such as electrolysis temperature and working pressure, flow field structure, and the morphology of membrane electrodes. To improve the comprehensive performance of PEM electrolyzers and understand the mechanism of PEM electrolysis, the method of numerical modeling can predict results with less time and cost, which is beneficial to optimizing the design and experimental process of PEM electrolyzers. At the same time, it was also found that in recent years, in order to improve the energy utilization rate and the reliability of power supply quality, microgrids have emerged. Compared with AC microgrid systems, DC microgrid systems have lower costs and losses, are simpler, more flexible, and easier to coordinate and control, so they have become a current research hotspot. However, the current literature does not provide an overall solution for modeling PEM electrolyzers and coupling them into the model of a photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system, which limits the theoretical research and experimental verification of the stable operation of photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrids including PEM electrolyzers.

[0048] The embodiment of this application provides a PEM electrolyzer simulation method, which can be applied to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation for preparing green hydrogen. For example, for a PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production system, a modeling scheme for a photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system including a PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production cell is developed, which is applicable to simulating a coupled system of solar photovoltaic power generation, electrolytic hydrogen production, and energy storage batteries.

[0049] See Figure 1 , which shows a flowchart of a simulation control method for a PEM electrolyzer provided by the embodiment of this application, including the following steps S101 - S104.

[0050] S101: Decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more sub-simulation models of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0051] S102: Perform an addition process on one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential output by each sub-simulation model to obtain a total electrolysis voltage simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as a single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0052] S103: Encapsulate a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, construct multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules, and couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel form;

[0053] S104: Run the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules to obtain the simulation results of the working characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer and output them.

[0054] See Figure 2 , which shows the schematic diagram of the principle of the PEM electrolyzer simulation method. The PEM single electrolyzer model is based on the total electrolysis voltage U, which consists of the ohmic overpotential U ohm , the open-circuit voltage U ocv , the activation overpotential U act , and the diffusion overpotential U diff , and U = U ocv + U act + U diff + U ohm,m for construction. The construction idea is to first construct the simulation models of the ohmic overpotential U ohm , the open-circuit voltage U ocv , the activation overpotential U act , and the diffusion overpotential U diff respectively, and then perform a summation operation on these 4 sub-models to construct the numerical simulation model of the total electrolysis voltage U.

[0055] It can be seen that for the PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by the embodiments of the present application, first, based on the numerical modeling method, by describing the total electrolysis voltage as the sum of four types of electrolysis voltage sub-items, namely the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, the construction of a single PEM electrolyzer model is realized; then, by modifying the reading and writing methods of input parameters, the static and dynamic simulations related to the PEM electrolyzer are realized; then, through the module encapsulation of a single PEM electrolyzer model, the modeling and simulation of multiple PEM electrolysis devices are realized, and thus the influence of different electrolysis temperatures, etc. on the working characteristic curves of the electrolysis devices can be described; finally, through the conversion between electrical signals and physical signals, the coupling of the PEM electrolysis system model and the solar photovoltaic power generation - energy storage battery DC power supply system model is realized. The PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be modeled based on the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system of the PEM electrolysis hydrogen production cell, which is of great significance for the theoretical research and experimental verification of the technology of using renewable energy photovoltaic power generation to achieve large-scale electrolysis of water to prepare green hydrogen.

[0056] In a specific implementation, the embodiments of the present application may involve four processes, namely, the modeling of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential of a single PEM electrolyzer, the module packaging and modeling of multiple PEM electrolyzers, the modeling of a photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system, and the coupling of multiple PEM electrolyzers with the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system. See Figure 3 , and the specific technical solutions include the following steps:

[0057] (1) Based on the Nernst equation and considering the energy loss required for the electrolysis process, construct a numerical simulation model for the open-circuit voltage of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0058] (2) Based on the basic electrochemical relationship Butler-Volmer equation that describes the current with respect to the activation overpotential in the electrochemical kinetic process, construct a numerical simulation model for the activation overpotential of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0059] (3) Based on the Nernst equation and engineering experience assumptions, construct a numerical simulation model for the diffusion overpotential of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0060] (4) Assume that the impedance in the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production device is mainly the membrane resistance, and ignore the impedance such as the bipolar plate resistance, electrode resistance, and interface resistance between different layers, and construct a numerical simulation model for the ohmic overpotential of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0061] (5) Add the numerical values of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential constructed above to obtain the total electrolysis voltage, and then obtain a numerical simulation model for the total electrolysis voltage of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0062] (6) Package the numerical simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer into a module, add a current sensor to convert the physical signal input into an electrical signal input, and construct multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules;

[0063] (7) Couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules in series or parallel to the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model including a photovoltaic power generation module and a energy storage battery module, where the front end of the PEM electrolyzer module is connected to the constructed phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model, so that the PEM electrolyzer operates in a stable and controllable low voltage range.

[0064] It should be noted that for simplicity, the numerical simulation model of the total electrolysis voltage of a single PEM electrolyzer is denoted as the single PEM electrolyzer model.

[0065] Among them, in step (1),

[0066] The open-circuit voltage U of the electrolysis process is expressed by the Nernst equation OCV :

[0067]

[0068] Under the premise of considering the energy loss in the electrolytic water process, U is calculated based on the empirical formula. 0 :

[0069] U 0 = 1.229 - 0.009×(T - 298)(S2)

[0070] In the calculation formula, R, T, z, and F are the gas constant, the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell, the number of moles of electrons participating in the electrolysis reaction process, and the Faraday constant, respectively. α i represents the activity of substance i. In an ideal gas, α i = P i / P 0 P i represents the partial pressure of substance i, and P 0 represents the atmospheric pressure.

[0071] In step (2),

[0072] Based on the basic electrochemical relationship, the activation overpotential U of the electrolysis process is described as follows: act :

[0073] U act = U act,a + U act,c (S3)

[0074]

[0075] In the calculation formula, U act,a , T a , α a and j 0,a respectively represent the activation overpotential of the anode of the electrolytic cell, the reaction temperature, the charge transfer coefficient, and the exchange current density, while U act,c , T c , α c and j 0,c correspondingly represent the activation overpotential of the cathode of the electrolytic cell, the reaction temperature, the charge transfer coefficient, and the exchange current density. In these parameter variables, the subscripts a and c represent the anode and the cathode respectively.

[0076] In step (3),

[0077] Based on the chemical relationship, the diffusion overpotential U of the electrolysis process is described as follows: diff :

[0078] U diff = U diff,a + U diff,c (S6)

[0079] The diffusion overpotential U of the anode diff,a can be expressed by the Nernst equation as:

[0080]

[0081] The diffusion overpotential U of the cathode diff,c can be expressed by the Nernst equation as:

[0082]

[0083] where the oxygen concentration at the interface between the membrane and the porous electrode can be expressed by Fick's law as:

[0084]

[0085] Similarly, the hydrogen concentration at the interface between the membrane and the porous electrode can be expressed by Fick's law as:

[0086]

[0087] where and represent the concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen in the flow channel respectively, and δ e,a and δ e,c represent the thicknesses of the anode and cathode porous electrodes respectively, D eff,a and D eff,c represent the effective binary diffusion coefficients of the mixtures O 2 / H 2 O and the mixtures H

[0088] and

[0089] the mixtures H 2 / H 2 O, represent the unit 2 mol flow rates of O 2 and H 2 O and can be calculated by

[0090] and and respectively.

[0091]

[0092] where P a and P c and T a and T c represent the working pressures and working temperatures of the anode and cathode respectively.

[0093] In step (4),

[0094] Assume that the main reason for the ohmic overpotential in the PEM water electrolysis system is the membrane resistance U ohm,m Ignoring the impedance such as the bipolar plate resistance, electrode resistance, and interface resistance between different layers, the ohmic overpotential U ohm can be simplified as:

[0095] U ohm = U ohm,a + U ohm,c + U ohm,m = U ohm,m (S15)

[0096]

[0097] wherein, the resistivity σ of the membrane m is related to the temperature T and the water content λ, and can be described by the empirical formula as:

[0098]

[0099] In step (5), based on the chemical relationship, the total electrolysis voltage U of the electrolysis process is described as:

[0100] U = U OCV + U act + U diff + U ohm

[0101] In summary, for the PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided in the embodiments of the present application, first, the total electrolysis voltage is decomposed into four types of electrolysis voltage components: open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential, and their numerical models are respectively described based on mathematical expressions. Secondly, electrolysis temperature, current density, etc. are set as a series of independent variables in the model. Then, through simulation, the absolute values of the activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential corresponding to certain parameters such as electrolysis temperature and current density can be obtained. Furthermore, the working characteristic curve of the complete PEM electrolyzer can be obtained, and the analysis of the contribution ratio of these four types of electrolysis voltage components to the total electrolysis voltage can be realized. In addition, by modifying the reading and writing methods of input parameters, the PEM electrolyzer system can be selectively dynamically simulated or statically simulated. For example, electrolysis temperature, current density, etc. can be set as a series of variables that change continuously or stepwise with the simulation time, and then the PEM electrolyzer system can be dynamically simulated; when electrolysis temperature, current density, etc. are set as a series of constants that do not change with the simulation time, the PEM electrolyzer system can be statically simulated. Moreover, by setting a current sensor at the front end of the current density variable, the conversion of non-electrical physical signals into electrical signals that are easy to transmit and control is realized, and then the coupling and connection of multiple encapsulated PEM electrolyzer model modules based on numerical calculations and the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system can be achieved.

[0102] Next, several specific embodiments and comparative examples are used to exemplarily illustrate the PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided in the present application.

[0103] When constructing the simulation model of the open-circuit voltage, hydrogen and oxygen are both assumed to be ideal gases, and their activities are calculated separately; when constructing the simulation model of the activation overpotential, the anode is assumed to be an Ir series catalyst, and the cathode is assumed to be a Pt series catalyst; when constructing the simulation model of the diffusion overpotential, based on engineering experience, when the electrolysis temperature is 70 °C and the hydrogen production pressure is 3.5 MPa, for every 1 mol of hydrogen generated at the cathode, about 6 mol of H 2 O will permeate from the anode to the cathode.

[0104] Example 1:

[0105] First, parameters such as current density j and electrolysis temperature T are set, and the open-circuit voltage U OCV , activation overpotential U act , diffusion overpotential U diff , and ohmic overpotential U ohmThe numerical simulation model, and then after setting the input and output ports of these numerical simulation models based on the Inport and Outport modules, encapsulating them based on the Subsystem module. Then, summing the output ports of these electrolytic voltage sub-items based on the Sum module to obtain the total electrolytic voltage U. Using the current density j as the common input port, integrating the activation overpotential U act , the diffusion overpotential U diff and the ohmic overpotential U ohm . At the same time, using the electrolytic temperature T as the common input port to integrate the ohmic overpotential U ohm and the open-circuit voltage U OCV . Based on the anode electrolytic temperature T a and the cathode electrolytic temperature T b as the common input ports to integrate the activation overpotential U act and the diffusion overpotential U diff . Thus, the construction of a single PEM electrolyzer model is realized. Then, based on the Subsystem module, the single PEM electrolyzer model is modularly encapsulated. Repeat the above encapsulation module to construct 2 identical PEM electrolyzer modules. Connect the 2 PEM electrolyzer modules in series with the current density j as the common input port. Collect the total electrolytic voltages U 1 and U 2The signal, then based on the Subsystem module, encapsulate these two serially connected modules into one PEM electrolyzer module. Introduce the membrane electrode area constant inside this module, and based on the Product module, transform the current density variable j into the current variable. Then add an ammeter module (CurrentMeasurement) as the front port of the current variable. Then import two circuit signal modules (PMC_Port) and connect them to the input terminal and one output terminal of the ammeter module respectively to construct the positive and negative terminals of the encapsulated module accessing the circuit, thereby realizing the conversion between physical signals and electrical signals. Thus, the construction of the PEM electrolyzer encapsulation module is completed. Take this encapsulation module as a unit for replication operation, and couple and access these three identical encapsulation modules in parallel through the positive and negative terminals into the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model including the photovoltaic power generation system module and the energy storage battery system module. A constructed phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model is connected between the encapsulated PEM electrolyzer module and the photovoltaic power generation system module in this system model, so that the PEM electrolyzer operates within a stable and controllable low voltage range. In this Example 1, the electrolysis temperature and other parameters of the two internally serially connected PEM electrolyzer models are exactly the same. The electrolysis temperature parameter T of the serially connected and parallely connected PEM electrolyzer models is a constant quantity of 343K that does not change with the simulation time, and the current density parameter j is a constant quantity of 1 A.cm -2 . The other main parameter settings adopted in the PEM electrolyzer model are shown in Table 1.

[0106] Table 1 Simulation parameter table of the PEM electrolyzer constructed in Example 1

[0107]

[0108] Example 2:

[0109] First, set parameters such as the current density j and the electrolysis temperature T, and respectively construct numerical simulation models of the open-circuit voltage U OCV , activation overpotential U act , diffusion overpotential U diff , and ohmic overpotential U ohm based on mathematical relationships. Then, after setting the input and output ports of these numerical simulation models based on the Inport and Outport modules, perform encapsulation operations on them based on the Subsystem module. Then, perform summation processing on the output ports of these electrolysis voltage sub-items based on the Sum module to obtain the total electrolysis voltage U. Integrate the activation overpotential U act , diffusion overpotential U diff , and ohmic overpotential U ohm with the current density j as the common input port. At the same time, integrate the ohmic overpotential U ohm based on the electrolysis temperature T as the common input port.and the open-circuit voltage U OCV , based on the anode electrolysis temperature T a and the cathode electrolysis temperature T b integrate the activation overpotential U act and the diffusion overpotential U diff as the common input ports, thus realizing the construction of a single PEM electrolyzer model.

[0110] Encapsulate the PEM electrolyzer model as an independent module based on the Subsystem module, introduce the membrane electrode area constant inside the module, transform the current density variable j into a current variable based on the Product module, then add an ammeter module (Current Measurement) as the front port of the current variable, and then import 2 circuit signal modules (PMC_Port) to connect with the input terminal and 1 output terminal of the ammeter module respectively to construct the positive and negative ports of the encapsulated module accessing the circuit, thereby realizing the conversion between physical signals and electrical signals, and thus completing the construction of the PEM electrolyzer encapsulated module.

[0111] Take this encapsulated module as a unit for replication operation, and couple and connect 2 identical encapsulated modules in parallel through the positive and negative ports to the photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system model including the photovoltaic power generation system module and the energy storage battery system module. A constructed phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model is connected between the encapsulated PEM electrolyzer module and the photovoltaic power generation system module in this system model, so that the PEM electrolyzer operates in a stable and controllable low voltage range. In this embodiment, the electrolysis temperatures of the 2 PEM electrolyzer encapsulated modules are set to be a constant 333K that does not change with the simulation time, and the current density changes stepwise from 0.1 A·cm -2 to 2.0 A·cm -2 as the simulation time extends.

[0112] Other main parameter settings in the PEM electrolyzer model are shown in Table 2.

[0113] Table 2 Simulation parameter table of the PEM electrolyzer constructed in Example 2

[0114]

[0115] Example 3:

[0116] First, set parameters such as the current density j and the electrolysis temperature T, and construct the open-circuit voltage U OCV , the activation overpotential U act , the diffusion overpotential U diff and the ohmic overpotential U ohmThe numerical simulation model, and then based on the Inport and Outport modules, set the input and output ports of these numerical simulation models, and then encapsulate them based on the Subsystem module. Then, sum the output ports of these electrolytic voltage sub-items based on the Sum module to obtain the total electrolytic voltage U. Based on the current density j as the common input port, the activation overpotential U act , the diffusion overpotential U diff , and the ohmic overpotential U ohm are integrated. At the same time, based on the electrolytic temperature T as the common input port, the ohmic overpotential U ohm and the open-circuit voltage U OCV are integrated. Based on the anode electrolytic temperature T a and the cathode electrolytic temperature T b as the common input ports, the activation overpotential U act and the diffusion overpotential U diff are integrated. Thus, the construction of a single PEM electrolyzer model is realized.

[0117] Based on the Subsystem module, encapsulate the PEM electrolyzer model into an independent module, introduce the membrane electrode area constant inside the module, and based on the Product module, transform the current density variable j into a current variable. Then, add an ammeter module (Current Measurement) as the front port of the current variable, and then import 2 circuit signal modules (PMC_Port) to connect to the input terminal and 1 output terminal of the ammeter module respectively to construct the positive and negative terminals of the encapsulated module accessing the circuit, thereby realizing the conversion between physical signals and electrical signals. Thus, the construction of the PEM electrolyzer encapsulated module is completed.

[0118] Taking this encapsulated module as a unit, perform a replication operation. Based on the positive and negative terminals, 4 identical encapsulated modules are coupled in parallel, and at the same time, 1 encapsulated module is coupled in series and connected to the photovoltaic power generation system module and the energy storage battery system module in the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model. A constructed phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model is connected between the encapsulated PEM electrolyzer module and the photovoltaic power generation system module in this system model, so that the PEM electrolyzer operates in a stable and controllable low-voltage range. In this embodiment, the electrolytic temperatures of 5 PEM electrolyzer models are set as constants that do not change with the simulation time, which are 313K, 323K, 333K, 343K, and 353K respectively. The current density increases from 0.1A.cm -2 to 2.5A.cm -2 in a step change as the simulation time extends.

[0119] Other main parameter settings in the PEM electrolyzer model are shown in Table 3.

[0120] Table 3 Simulation Parameter Table of the PEM Electrolyzer Constructed in Example 3

[0121]

[0122] It can be seen that the above Examples 1 - 3 have the following differences and connections: 1. The number of PEM electrolyzer models coupled into the photovoltaic - energy storage DC micro - grid system and the series or parallel connection methods are different; 2. In the same photovoltaic - energy storage DC micro - grid system, multiple PEM electrolyzer models can operate at the same electrolysis temperature or at different electrolysis temperatures; 3. The current density of the PEM electrolyzer model can be a constant that does not change with time or a physical quantity that changes step - by - step with time. Through the above Examples 1 - 3, it can be shown that: the PEM electrolyzer model constructed in the embodiments of this application can achieve adjustable multiple key parameters, and there is no limit to the number and method of its coupling into the photovoltaic - energy storage DC micro - grid system, so as to simultaneously investigate the influence of multiple variables on the performance of the photovoltaic - energy storage DC micro - grid system.

[0123] See Figure 4 , which shows a schematic diagram of the influence of different temperatures on the characteristics of PEM electrolysis of water. From Figure 4 it can be known that: at the same current density, the higher the electrolysis temperature of the electrolyzer, the lower the total electrolysis voltage and the higher the power conversion efficiency of the system; at the same electrolysis temperature of the electrolyzer, the higher the current density, the higher the total electrolysis voltage and the lower the power conversion efficiency of the system. It can be seen that through the setting of input parameters, the PEM electrolyzer model can simultaneously investigate the influence of multiple key parameters on the system performance.

[0124] Next, a comparative example is used to illustrate the effects of the preferred embodiments of this application from the opposite side.

[0125] Comparative Example

[0126] First, set parameters such as current density j and electrolysis temperature T as constant quantities that do not change with the simulation time. Numerically simulate the models of open - circuit voltage U OCV , activation over - potential U act , diffusion over - potential U diff and ohmic over - potential U ohm respectively based on mathematical relationships. Then, after setting the input and output ports of these numerical simulation models based on the Inport and Outport modules, encapsulate them based on the Subsystem module. Then, sum the output ports of these electrolysis voltage sub - items based on the Sum module to obtain the total electrolysis voltage U, so as to construct a single PEM electrolyzer model. The other main parameter settings in the PEM electrolyzer model are shown in Table 4.

[0127] Table 4 Simulation Parameter Table of the PEM Electrolyzer Constructed in the Comparative Example

[0128]

[0129] It can be seen that in the above comparative examples, only a single PEM electrolyzer model was constructed and it was not connected and coupled into the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system. Therefore, it is impossible to investigate the influence of parameter changes of the PEM electrolyzer model on the performance of the entire system. Secondly, when constructing a single PEM electrolyzer model in the comparative example, parameters such as the current density j and the electrolysis temperature T are constant values that do not change with the simulation time. Running the model once can only investigate the influence of a certain value of parameters such as the current density j and the electrolysis temperature T on the performance of the PEM electrolyzer model, resulting in low simulation efficiency. On the other hand, it is not suitable for simulating scenarios where the current density j changes stepwise with the simulation time.

[0130] In summary, the PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by the embodiments of the present application has the following technical characteristics:

[0131] 1. For the encapsulated single or multiple PEM electrolyzer model modules, at the front end of the current density j variable, first, based on the Product module and the constant value of the membrane electrode area, it is converted into a current signal, and then the front end of the current signal is connected to the physical signal output end of the ammeter module (Current Measurement). At the same time, an electrical signal module (PMC_Port) is connected to the input end and another output end of the ammeter module to construct the positive and negative ports for connecting the encapsulated single or multiple PEM electrolyzer model modules to the circuit, realizing the conversion between the physical signal and the electrical signal of the PEM electrolyzer model. Then, in the form of series or parallel, the single or multiple PEM electrolyzer models are integrally coupled into the circuit of the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system including the photovoltaic power generation system module and the energy storage battery system module as encapsulated modules;

[0132] 2. In a single PEM electrolyzer model, after setting the current density j variable as a series of independently changing values as input parameter variables, it is possible to realize the investigation of the working characteristic curve of the PEM electrolyzer changing with the continuously changing current density, and thus realize the dynamic simulation of the PEM electrolyzer;

[0133] 3. Decompose the total electrolysis voltage of the PEM electrolyzer into four types of electrolysis voltage sub-items: open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, and by solving these electrolysis voltage sub-items respectively, it is possible to simulate the contribution ratio of different types of electrolysis voltages in the total electrolysis voltage at different current density stages;

[0134] 4. Encapsulate the PEM electrolyzer model into a separate module with positive and negative ports, which can selectively realize the series or parallel connection method of the PEM electrolyzer module in the circuit of the photovoltaic-storage DC power system, and the operation is relatively convenient.

[0135] In summary, the PEM electrolyzer simulation method provided by the embodiments of the present application has the following technical advantages:

[0136] 1. Greatly improves the simulation efficiency: It can operate to realize the simulation operation of multiple PEM electrolyzers at multiple different electrolysis temperatures simultaneously, which is convenient for analyzing the influence of different electrolysis temperatures on the performance of PEM electrolyzers;

[0137] 2. Can achieve static and dynamic simulation of PEM electrolyzers: The current density, which is one of the input parameters of the PEM electrolyzer model, can be set as a static variable that remains unchanged with the change of simulation time, or can be set as a series of dynamic variables that change with the change of simulation time. It can be set as static simulation or dynamic simulation according to the requirements of the research objective, and then the static characteristics or dynamic characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer can be obtained;

[0138] 3. Can analyze various key factors affecting the performance of PEM electrolyzers: Parameters such as current density, electrolysis temperature, membrane thickness, membrane water content, hydrogen production pressure, and oxygen production pressure in the model can be set as variables and can be simply and flexibly input into the model system for simulation operation, which is convenient for analyzing the influence of these factors on the performance of PEM electrolyzers;

[0139] 4. Can selectively set the access mode of the PEM electrolyzer in the circuit of the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system: The PEM electrolyzer model is encapsulated in units of independent modules and has positive and negative ports of circuit signals. The number of encapsulated modules connected to the circuit and the series or parallel connection mode can be flexibly and conveniently set to realize the investigation of the connection modes of various PEM electrolyzers including the access mode and quantity in the circuit.

[0140] Corresponding to the above method, the embodiments of the present application also provide a PEM electrolyzer simulation device. See Figure 5 and the device includes the following parts:

[0141] The sub-item simulation model construction unit 501 is used to decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more sub-item simulation models of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0142] The model construction unit 502 is used to perform summation processing on one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-item simulation model, and construct the total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as the single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0143] The model encapsulation and coupling unit 503 is used to encapsulate a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, construct multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules, and couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel;

[0144] The simulation execution unit 504 is used to run the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules, obtain the simulation results of the operating characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer and output them.

[0145] Specifically, for the principle, implementation method and embodiments of the PEM electrolyzer simulation device, reference can be made to the foregoing description.

[0146] The embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium in which a computer program is stored. Among them, the computer program is set to execute the steps in any one of the foregoing method embodiments when running.

[0147] Optionally, in this embodiment, the above storage medium may be set to store a computer program for executing the following steps:

[0148] Decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more sub-simulation models of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0149] Sum one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-simulation model to construct the total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as the single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0150] Encapsulate a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, construct multiple PEM electrolyzer modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules, and couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel;

[0151] Run the photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules, obtain the simulation results of the operating characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer and output them. Optionally, in this embodiment, the above storage medium may include but is not limited to: various media such as USB flash drives, read-only memories (ROM for short), random access memories (RAM for short), mobile hard disks, magnetic disks or optical discs that can store computer programs.

[0152] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0153] Optionally, the above electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device. Among them, the transmission device is connected to the above processor, and the input / output device is connected to the above processor.

[0154] Optionally, in this embodiment, the above processor may be configured to execute the following steps through a computer program:

[0155] Decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more sub-simulation models of the open-circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer;

[0156] Sum up one or more of the open-circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential, and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-simulation model to construct a total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, denoted as a single PEM electrolyzer model;

[0157] Package the single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, and construct multiple PEM electrolyzer modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models in units of modules. In addition, couple and connect multiple PEM electrolyzer modules into the photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system model in series or parallel;

[0158] Run the photovoltaic energy storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules, obtain the simulation results of the operating characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer and output them. Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementation manners, and will not be elaborated herein.

[0159] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0160] In the above embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of the various embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0161] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed with each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of units or modules can be in electrical or other forms.

[0162] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0163] In addition, in each embodiment of the present application, the functional units can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0164] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: USB flash drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), mobile hard disks, magnetic disks or optical discs and other various media that can store program codes.

[0165] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A PEM electrolyzer simulation method, characterized in that: include: Decomposing the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential, and constructing one or more sub-item simulation models of the open circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer; One or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-item simulation model are summed to construct a total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, which is recorded as a single PEM electrolyzer model; Encapsulating a single PEM electrolyzer model as a module, and constructing multiple PEM electrolyzer modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models based on the modules, and coupling the multiple PEM electrolyzer modules in series or parallel to the photovoltaic storage DC microgrid system model; The photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules is run to obtain and output the simulation results of the PEM electrolyzer working characteristics.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Build an open circuit voltage simulation model for a single PEM electrolyzer, including: Based on the Nernst equation and taking the energy loss required for the electrolysis process as a constraint, an open circuit voltage simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer is constructed.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Build a simulation model of the activation overpotential of a single PEM electrolyzer, including: Based on the Butler–Volmer equation describing the current dependence on the activation overpotential in the electrochemical dynamic process, an activation overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer was constructed.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Build a diffusion overpotential simulation model for a single PEM electrolyzer, including: Based on the Nernst equation and engineering experience assumptions, a diffusion overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer is constructed.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Build an ohmic overpotential simulation model for a single PEM electrolyzer, including: Under the assumption that the impedance is dominated by the membrane resistance and the bipolar plate resistance, electrode resistance and / or interface resistance between different layers are ignored, an ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer is constructed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After constructing one or more sub-item simulation models of the open circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model, and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer, it also includes: By modifying the reading and writing methods of the input parameters, static simulation or dynamic simulation is performed on the sub-item simulation model.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of performing static simulation or dynamic simulation on the sub-item simulation model by modifying the reading and writing mode of the input parameters includes: In the sub-item simulation model, one or more of the electrolysis temperature, current density, membrane thickness, membrane water content, hydrogen production pressure, and oxygen production pressure are set as constants that do not change with time, and the absolute values ​​of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and diffusion overpotential corresponding to a specific electrolysis temperature and / or current density are obtained by simulation to obtain the working characteristic curve of the PEM electrolyzer, thereby realizing a static simulation of the sub-item simulation model; or, In the sub-item simulation model, one or more of the electrolysis temperature and current density are set as variables that change continuously or in steps over time. The absolute values ​​of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential and diffusion overpotential corresponding to the specific electrolysis temperature and / or current density are obtained by simulation, and the working characteristic curve of the PEM electrolyzer is obtained to realize dynamic simulation of the sub-item simulation model.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that One or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential output by the sub-item simulation model are summed to construct a single PEM electrolyzer model, including: The output ports of each sub-item simulation model are summed to obtain the total electrolysis voltage, and a single PEM electrolyzer model is constructed, in which the activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential are integrated based on the current density as a common input port, the ohmic overpotential and open-circuit voltage are integrated based on the electrolysis temperature as a common input port, and the activation overpotential and diffusion overpotential are integrated based on the anode electrolysis temperature and the cathode electrolysis temperature as a common input port.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encapsulated single PEM electrolyzer model is a module, comprising: A single PEM electrolyzer model is encapsulated as a PEM electrolyzer module, wherein a physical signal input is converted into an electrical signal input for the PEM electrolyzer module.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The converting of the physical signal input into the electrical signal input for the PEM electrolyzer module comprises: The current density variable is transformed into a current variable, an ammeter module is added as the front port of the current variable, two circuit signal modules are imported and connected to the input end and an output end of the ammeter module respectively, and the positive and negative ports of the PEM electrolyzer module connected to the circuit are constructed to convert the physical signal into an electrical signal.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of coupling a plurality of PEM electrolyzer modules in series or in parallel to a photovoltaic-storage DC microgrid system model comprises: The modules of multiple PEM electrolyzer models are coupled in series or parallel to a photovoltaic DC microgrid system model including photovoltaic power generation modules and energy storage battery modules, wherein the front end of the PEM electrolyzer module is connected to a phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter model to control the PEM electrolyzer to operate within a stable and controllable low voltage range.

12. A PEM electrolyzer simulation device, characterized in that: include: A sub-item model construction unit, used to decompose the total electrolysis voltage to obtain one or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential, and respectively construct one or more of the open circuit voltage simulation model, activation overpotential simulation model, diffusion overpotential simulation model and ohmic overpotential simulation model of a single PEM electrolyzer; A model building unit, used for summing one or more of the open circuit voltage, activation overpotential, diffusion overpotential and ohmic overpotential output by the simulation model to build a total electrolysis voltage model of a single PEM electrolyzer, recorded as a single PEM electrolyzer model; A model encapsulation and coupling unit is used to encapsulate a single PEM electrolyzer model into a module, and to construct multiple PEM electrolyzer models based on the module, and to couple multiple PEM electrolyzer modules in series or in parallel to a photovoltaic DC microgrid system model; The simulation execution unit is used to run the photovoltaic storage DC microgrid system model coupled with multiple PEM electrolyzer modules, obtain the simulation results of the working characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer and output them.

13. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 when executed.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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