Small snow trough physical experiment device

Abstract

The invention provides a small snow trough physical experiment device which comprises a chute system and a measurement system. The chute system comprises a chute main body and auxiliary equipment; the chute body is of a semi-closed chute structure and comprises a release section, an acceleration section, an erosion section and a deposition section, and the four sections are sequentially connected to form a whole. The release section is arranged at the upstream position of the chute body; the acceleration section is connected to the downstream of the release section to form smooth transition; the erosion section is flush with the tail end of the acceleration section; the deposition section is fixed to the downstream horizontal plane of the chute body. The measuring system comprises an observation device and a sensing device and is used for recording and analyzing the motion behavior and physical mechanism of the avalanche flow in the chute body. The device comprehensively simulates the whole process of avalanche from release to deposition, accurately measures key parameters of avalanche flow, and provides powerful experimental support for research of avalanche disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of snow troughs and small physical experimental devices, and more specifically, to a small snow trough physical experimental device for simulating and studying the movement behavior and physical mechanism of avalanches. Background Art

[0002] As a natural disaster driven by gravity, avalanches have characteristics such as potentiality, suddenness, unpredictability, and great destructive power. With the country's increasing attention to avalanche disasters in the western plateau region, it is particularly important to study the dynamic behavior and mechanism of avalanches. Constrained by the harsh environment in alpine and high-altitude areas, field investigations face many challenges. In addition, the genetic mechanisms of these gravity geological disasters often involve multi-scale studies at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels, and methods such as geological surveys, on-site observations, and outdoor large-scale experiments have obvious limitations. Currently, small snow trough physical experimental devices play an important role in the field of avalanche dynamics research, but existing devices have deficiencies in aspects such as simulating the entire process of avalanches, accurately measuring key parameters, and reusability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a small snow trough physical experimental device, aiming to comprehensively simulate the entire process of avalanches from release to deposition, accurately measure the key parameters of avalanche flows, and provide strong experimental support for the research of avalanche disasters.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A small snow trough physical experimental device, comprising an inclined trough system and a measurement system, wherein: The inclined trough system includes an inclined trough main body and auxiliary equipment; the inclined trough main body includes four sections: a release section, an acceleration section, an erosion section, and a deposition section, and the four sections are connected in sequence to form an integral whole: The release section is arranged at the upstream position of the inclined trough main body and is used to simulate the initial release process of avalanches; The acceleration section is connected downstream of the release section to form a smooth transition and is used to simulate the acceleration process of avalanche flows; The erosion section is flush with the end of the acceleration section and is used to simulate the erosion effect of avalanche flows on the terrain; The deposition section is fixed on the downstream horizontal plane of the inclined trough main body and is in smooth transition with the erosion section, and is used to simulate the final deposition process of the substances carried in avalanche flows; The measurement system includes an observation device and a sensing device, and is used to record and analyze the movement behavior and physical mechanism of avalanche flows in the inclined trough main body.

[0005] The small snow trough physical experimental device of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) Comprehensive simulation: Through four carefully designed sections, the entire process of avalanches from release to deposition is comprehensively simulated.

[0006] (2)Precise measurement: Equipped with a measurement system including a high-speed camera, a PIV particle velocity measurement system, an impact pressure sensor, etc., it can accurately measure the key parameters of the avalanche flow. The measurement system can capture the spatial position and velocity distribution of the avalanche fluctuations at different times, realize high-definition image recording and quantitative analysis of the avalanche flow and erosion process, and provide a solid foundation for further theoretical research and model establishment.

[0007] (3)High reusability: The components of the device are fixedly connected through card slots or bolts, ensuring a stable structure and easy disassembly and recombination, with high reusability. Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the small snow chute physical experiment device of this application.

[0009] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the release section of the inclined chute main body in the embodiment.

[0010] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the acceleration section of the inclined chute main body in the embodiment.

[0011] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the dry granular flow erosion-deposition physical experiment and two-dimensional material point method simulation in the embodiment.

[0012] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison result of the oncoming flow velocity between the physical experiment and the numerical simulation in the embodiment.

[0013] Reference Signs: Source hopper 1, gate 2, erosion trough 3, rigid deposition plate 4, side plate 5, gantry 6, High-speed camera 7, 3D scanning and modeling system 8, LED lighting device 9. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0014] The technical solution provided by this application will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments and their accompanying drawings. With the following description, the advantages and features of this application will be clearer.

[0015] Embodiment 1 As Figure 1 shown, the small snow chute physical experiment device includes an inclined chute system and a measurement system. Among them: The inclined chute system includes an inclined chute main body and auxiliary equipment; the inclined chute main body includes four sections: a release section, an acceleration section, an erosion section, and a deposition section, and the four sections are connected in sequence to form an integral whole: The release section is arranged at the upstream position of the inclined chute main body and is used to simulate the initial release process of the avalanche; The acceleration section, connected downstream of the release section, forms a smooth transition and is used to simulate the acceleration process of an avalanche flow. The erosion section, flush with the end of the acceleration section, is used to simulate the erosion effect of an avalanche flow on the terrain. The deposition section, fixed on the downstream horizontal plane of the main chute body, has a smooth transition with the erosion section and is used to simulate the final deposition process of the materials carried by an avalanche flow.

[0016] The measurement system includes observation devices and sensing equipment, and is used to record and analyze the movement behavior and physical mechanism of an avalanche flow within the main chute body.

[0017] Specifically, the main chute body is a semi-closed chute structure. The four sections of the release section, acceleration section, erosion section, and deposition section are fixedly connected through card slots or bolts. Side plates 5 are installed on both sides of the chute structure.

[0018] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the release section is in the shape of a slope and is provided with a material source hopper 1 and a gate 2. The material source hopper is fixed at the upstream position of the release section of the main chute body. The gate is connected to the bottom of the material source hopper through a hinge to realize the on-off control of material source release. By filling the material source hopper with release materials such as ice blocks, rock blocks, snow samples, etc. at a specific height and manually opening the gate, the release of the geological body is realized.

[0019] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the acceleration section is a platform structure and is the key area where the materials accelerate and slide down to form a stable incoming flow. Under the action of gravity, the speed of the initially released materials increases rapidly, and a stable incoming flow gradually forms at the end of this section. Its flow velocity and flow depth can be captured by the observation devices.

[0020] Specifically, the erosion section is provided with a replaceable transparent acrylic erosion trough 3. Erodible materials (such as sand or gravel) are arranged inside the erosion trough, and are used to simulate complex and diverse terrain conditions. By replacing transparent acrylic erosion troughs with different depths, the change of the erodible thickness is realized. The erosion amount and transportation distance of the avalanche flow on the surface materials are measured through the observation devices and sensing equipment. Further, a rigid impact column (not shown in the figure) is also provided at the end of the erosion section.

[0021] Specifically, the deposition section is provided with a rigid deposition plate 4, fixed on the downstream horizontal plane of the main chute body, and is the area where the materials are finally deposited. The flow velocity of the materials reduces to zero in this section, and finally a unique deposition form is formed on the deposition plate. Information such as the deposition length and deposition height can be quantified through the observation devices.

[0022] Preferably, the dimensions of each component of the device in the embodiment are: The inclined chute body is made of 15-mm-thick transparent acrylic board, with an overall size of 2370 mm × 500 mm × 500 mm, and the discharge hopper has a size of 150 mm × 300 mm × 500 mm; The release section is 640 mm × 500 mm × 500 mm; The acceleration section is 600 mm × 500 mm × 100 mm; The erosion section is 1000 mm × 500 mm × 100 mm; The deposition section is 130 mm × 500 mm × 100 mm.

[0023] Specifically, the observation device includes a high-speed camera 7, a PIV particle velocity measurement system (not shown in the figure), and a 3D scanning and modeling system 8, where: The high-speed camera is set with an observation range covering the acceleration section, the erosion section, and the deposition section, and is used to capture the spatial positions of the avalanche fluctuations at different moments and record high-definition images; The PIV particle velocity measurement system is set with an observation range covering the acceleration section and the erosion section, and is used to measure the distribution of the particle velocity field and output the velocity and flow height information at different positions of the avalanche; The 3D scanning and modeling system is used to achieve non-contact capture of the erosion and deposition morphologies, construct a three-dimensional model, and refine the capture of physical information. This process can not only refine the capture of physical information such as erosion depth, deposition morphology, and movement distance, but also perform detailed analysis on the spatial variability of the eroded geological body and sediments.

[0024] Preferably, the main equipment parameters of the high-speed camera include: resolution: 1920 × 1080; the frame rate corresponding to the highest resolution is 1920 × 1080 @ 3000 FPS. To make the observed particles imaged clearly and the particle size larger than the size of a single pixel, with a field of view size of 355 × 200 mm and an average particle diameter of 0.2 mm, the minimum horizontal × vertical resolution should ensure 1775 × 1000. And it is required that the number of frames of the high-speed camera is at least above 2000, and the shooting time is greater than 4 s.

[0025] Preferably, the PIV particle velocity measurement system adopts a 2D3C system, that is, the velocity field information in three perpendicular directions of the particles in the plane is obtained by tracing the particles in the plane, and then the particle correlation velocity is solved through the later PIVlab program, and the snow particle size is between 100 - 300 nm.

[0026] Preferably, the observation device is arranged as follows: two high-speed cameras are respectively installed on the side of the erosion section and in the direction perpendicular to the slope surface to capture the displacement along the slope and the flow height information on the side, and at the same time, it is convenient for the PIV particle velocity measurement system to perform cross-correlation calculation on the particle images taken by a single camera.

[0027] Specifically, the sensing device includes an impact pressure sensor and an ultrasonic sensor, where: The impact pressure sensor is arranged upstream of the deposition section and is used to collect the magnitude of the impact pressure before the material deposition and output the evolution of the pressure value over time; The ultrasonic sensor is arranged 20 cm upstream of the erosion section and is used to measure information such as the erosion depth.

[0028] Furthermore, the small snow chute physical experiment device further includes auxiliary equipment, specifically: The gantry 6 and the crane: The gantry is arranged upstream of the inclined chute main body, and the crane (not shown in the figure) is installed at the center of the crossbeam of the gantry. The hook of the crane is connected to the upstream end of the inclined chute main body. By adjusting the hook of the crane up and down, the upstream end of the inclined chute main body can be lifted and lowered in the vertical direction, so as to realize the continuously adjustable inclination angle of the simulated gravity geological body release and movement process.

[0029] The lighting system: It consists of several LED lighting devices 9, provides experimental lighting and provides an ideal light source for the high-speed camera. Preferably, to cooperate with the imaging of the high-speed camera, the experiment is set at night, and the test area is illuminated by 400W floodlight LED (to prevent the influence of heat generated by light concentration on the properties of the snow sample material).

[0030] The above small snow chute physical experiment device can be loaded and unloaded on-site and reused, with strong flexibility and maneuverability.

[0031] Embodiment 2 Based on the small snow chute physical experiment device in the above Embodiment 1, to study the erosion and dynamic impact behaviors during the avalanche process, the operation steps include: Step 1: Experiment preparation.

[0032] Build the experimental device: Assemble the inclined chute main body structure, adjust the angle of the inclined chute main body, and install and fix the observation device and the sensing device.

[0033] Material preparation: Screen and prepare the release material and the erodible material; the release material includes ice blocks, rock blocks, snow samples, etc., and is used to simulate the avalanche flow; the erodible material is selected as sand and / or gravel, and the erodible material is filled into the erosion trough in the erosion section.

[0034] Device debugging: Check and debug the observation device and the sensing device to ensure normal operation.

[0035] The angle of the inclined chute main body ( θ ) can be continuously adjusted through the gantry and the electric crane, and the adjustment range is 25° - 35°, which conforms to the terrain slope range interval where avalanches are likely to occur in nature. The corresponding gantry adjustment height for the specific angle ( h i) is shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Step 2: Calibration of the experimental device.

[0037] Angle calibration: Use the gantry and crane to adjust the main chute to a predetermined angle for calibration.

[0038] Measurement of material parameters: Measure the physical and mechanical properties of the released materials such as snow samples, including indicators such as density, temperature, strength, etc.

[0039] Step 3: Start the experiment.

[0040] Filling material hopper: In the material source hopper, fill the released materials to a predetermined height.

[0041] Open the gate: Slowly open the gate to simulate the release of an avalanche flow, and at the same time start the measurement system for recording.

[0042] Step 4: Monitoring during the experiment.

[0043] Monitoring of the flow process: Record the flow process of the avalanche flow in the main chute through a high-speed camera.

[0044] Monitoring of erosion and deposition: Observe and record the erosion situation in the erosion section and the deposition pattern in the deposition section.

[0045] Data acquisition: Use equipment such as impact pressure sensors to collect key parameter data.

[0046] Step 5: End of the experiment and data processing.

[0047] Shut down the device: After the avalanche flow is completely deposited, shut down the experimental device and clean up the site.

[0048] Data processing: Analyze the observed and measured data, and extract key parameter information, including the characteristics of the incoming flow, movement distance, erosion depth, etc.

[0049] Result comparison and verification: Compare and verify the physical experiment results with the numerical simulation results, analyze the consistency and draw conclusions.

[0050] In an application embodiment, the erosion and deposition behavior of dry granular flows was studied using this experimental device. Figure 4The physical experimental setup and the MPM numerical calculation results are respectively shown. In the physical experiment, non-viscous quartz sand was used as the release and erodible material, and an i-speed 716 high-speed camera was used to capture the movement of the oncoming flow at a frame rate of 200 frames / s. The results of both the physical experiment and the numerical simulation show an obvious erosion scraping effect upstream of the erosion section, and deposition is formed downstream of the erosion section and in the deposition section. To quantitatively verify the consistency of the oncoming flow velocity evolution in the physical experiment and the numerical simulation, the velocity was traced through the evolution of the oncoming flow images captured by the high-speed camera at the sidewall of the chute, and the PIVlab analysis module of the PIV non-contact particle velocity measurement system built into Matlab was used to perform frame-by-frame correlation on the images recorded by the high-speed camera, measure the velocity field distribution, and output the velocity and flow height information at different positions of the avalanche. Figure 5 The results in show that the peak values of the oncoming flow velocities of the two are relatively close, and the evolution trends are basically the same, thus confirming the reliability of the experimental results.

[0051] The small snow chute physical experimental setup of the present invention has shown remarkable effects in studying the erosion and dynamic impact behaviors during the avalanche process. Through the release section, acceleration section, erosion section and deposition section, this setup can comprehensively simulate the whole process of avalanche from triggering to causing erosion damage to the terrain, so as to accurately capture the dynamic impact characteristics of the avalanche flow and its erosion effect on the ground surface.

[0052] In the acceleration section, the avalanche flow is affected by gravity and the terrain slope, and the speed increases rapidly, forming a strong impact force. Through the observation devices and sensing equipment in this section, key parameters such as the speed and pressure of the avalanche flow during the acceleration process can be recorded in real time, providing valuable data for studying the dynamic impact behavior.

[0053] The erosion section focuses on simulating the shaping effect of the avalanche flow on the terrain and landform. The design of this section is complex and diverse, including different slopes, rock distributions and soil types, etc., to truly reflect the surface conditions in nature. Through the observation devices set in this section, the erosion amount and transportation distance of the avalanche flow on the surface material can be accurately measured, so as to deeply understand the erosion mechanism.

[0054] In addition, the small snow chute physical experimental setup is also equipped with advanced observation devices, such as high-speed cameras and PIV particle velocity measurement systems, which can capture the spatial positions and velocity distributions of the avalanche fluctuations at different moments, and realize high-definition image recording and quantitative analysis of the avalanche flow and erosion processes. These observation data provide a solid foundation for further theoretical research and model establishment.

[0055] In summary, the small snow trough physical experiment device has significant effects in studying avalanche erosion and dynamic impact behavior. It not only improves the accuracy and controllability of the experiment, but also provides strong support for deeply understanding the avalanche disaster mechanism, which is of great significance for avalanche prevention and mitigation.

[0056] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the scope of the present application in any way. Any change or modification made by any ordinary person skilled in the art according to the disclosed technical content should be regarded as an equivalent effective embodiment and fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. Small snow trough physical experiment device, characterized by: It includes a chute system and a measuring system, including: The chute system comprises a chute body and auxiliary equipment; the chute body comprises four sections, namely, a release section, an acceleration section, an erosion section and a deposition section, and the four sections are sequentially connected to form a whole: The release section is arranged at the upstream position of the chute body and is used to simulate the initial release process of the avalanche; The acceleration section is connected to the downstream of the release section to form a smooth transition and is used to simulate the acceleration process of the avalanche flow; The erosion section is flush with the end of the acceleration section and is used to simulate the erosion effect of avalanche flow on the terrain; The deposition section is fixed at the downstream horizontal plane of the chute body and smoothly transitions with the erosion section to simulate the final deposition process of the material carried in the avalanche flow; The measurement system includes an observation device and a sensor device, which is used to record and analyze the movement behavior and physical mechanism of the avalanche flow in the chute body.

2. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chute body is a semi-enclosed chute structure, wherein the four sections, namely the release section, the acceleration section, the erosion section and the deposition section, are fixedly connected by means of slots or bolts, and side plates (5) are installed on both sides of the chute structure.

3. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The release section is in the shape of a slope and is provided with a material source hopper (1) and a gate (2). The material source hopper is fixed at an upstream position of the release section of the chute body, and the gate is hingedly connected to the bottom of the material source hopper to achieve on-off control of the material source release.

4. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acceleration section is a platform structure.

5. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The erosion section is provided with a replaceable transparent acrylic erosion groove (3), wherein an erodible material is arranged in the erosion groove for simulating complex and diverse terrain conditions.

6. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The erosion section is also provided with a rigid impact column at the end.

7. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deposition section is provided with a rigid deposition plate (4) fixed on the downstream horizontal plane of the chute body.

8. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation device comprises a high-speed camera (7), a PIV particle velocity measurement system, and a 3D scanning modeling system (8), wherein: High-speed cameras, with observation ranges including acceleration, erosion and deposition sections, are used to capture the spatial position of avalanche fluctuations at different times and record high-definition images; The PIV particle velocity measurement system, which is set to observe the acceleration section and the erosion section, is used to measure the particle velocity field distribution and output the velocity and flow height information at different positions of the avalanche; 3D scanning modeling system is used to achieve non-contact capture of erosion and sedimentation morphology, build three-dimensional models, and capture physical information in detail.

9. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing device includes an impact pressure sensor and an ultrasonic sensor, wherein: The impact pressure sensor is arranged upstream of the deposition section to collect the impact pressure before the material is deposited and output the evolution of the pressure value over time; Ultrasonic sensors are deployed upstream of the erosion section to measure erosion depth information.

10. The small snow trough physical experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small snow trough physical experiment device also includes auxiliary equipment, specifically: Gantry (6) and crane: the gantry is arranged at the upstream of the chute body, the crane is installed at the center of the gantry beam, and the hook of the crane is connected to the upstream end of the chute body; the upstream end of the chute body is lifted and lowered in the vertical direction by adjusting the hook of the crane up and down, thereby realizing the continuous adjustment of the tilt angle of the simulated gravity geological body release and movement process; Lighting system: It consists of several LED lighting devices (9) to provide experimental lighting and an ideal light source for the high-speed camera.

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