A method for improving primary frequency modulation of a photovoltaic power station based on energy storage

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power grid safety, in particular to a kind of photovoltaic plant primary frequency regulation promotion control method based on energy storage, comprising: when the current frequency of power grid deviates from normal frequency range, determine the current state of charge of energy storage device in photovoltaic plant and the current power generation of photovoltaic device;According to the current frequency of power grid, the current state of charge of energy storage device and the current power generation of photovoltaic device, calculate the power regulation target of energy storage device and photovoltaic device;Control energy storage device and photovoltaic device to carry out power adjustment according to the calculated power regulation target.The present application monitors power grid frequency in real time, and responds quickly when frequency deviates from normal range, adjusts power using energy storage device and photovoltaic device, thereby effectively stabilizing power grid frequency.By calculating the power regulation target of energy storage device and photovoltaic device, efficient use of energy is achieved.Waste of energy caused by blind adjustment is avoided, and the energy utilization efficiency of the entire photovoltaic plant is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid security technology, specifically to a method for improving the primary frequency regulation control of photovoltaic power plants based on energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global emphasis on renewable energy utilization and continuous technological advancements, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as a clean and renewable energy source, has been widely promoted and applied globally. As the primary carriers of PV power generation, the stable operation and efficient power generation of PV power plants are crucial for ensuring grid security and improving energy efficiency.

[0003] However, in actual operation, photovoltaic power plants face a variety of challenges, one of which is the stability of the power grid frequency. Due to the intermittent and random nature of photovoltaic power generation, its output power is easily affected by natural environmental factors such as sunlight intensity and temperature, leading to fluctuations in the power grid frequency. When the power grid frequency deviates from the normal range, it may adversely affect the stable operation of the power grid and the power quality for users.

[0004] In recent years, with the rapid development of energy storage technology and the gradual reduction in cost, energy storage devices have been increasingly widely used in power grid frequency regulation. Energy storage devices have advantages such as fast response speed, flexible adjustment, and bidirectional energy flow, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional frequency regulation methods.

[0005] Therefore, combining energy storage devices with photovoltaic devices to improve the stability of power grid operation is a current research direction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a primary frequency regulation enhancement control method for photovoltaic power plants based on energy storage that can improve the stability of power grid operation.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To address the above problems, this invention provides a primary frequency regulation enhancement control method for photovoltaic power plants based on energy storage, comprising:

[0010] Obtain the current grid frequency for photovoltaic power plants;

[0011] When the current frequency of the power grid deviates from the normal frequency range, determine the current state of charge of the energy storage equipment and the current power generation of the photovoltaic equipment in the photovoltaic power plant.

[0012] Calculate the power regulation targets for energy storage and photovoltaic devices based on the current grid frequency, the current state of charge of energy storage devices, and the current power generation of photovoltaic devices.

[0013] The energy storage and photovoltaic equipment are controlled to adjust their power according to the calculated power regulation target so that the grid frequency is restored to the normal frequency range.

[0014] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0015] The power regulation targets of the computational energy storage device and the photovoltaic device include:

[0016] When the current frequency of the power grid is lower than the lower limit of the normal frequency range, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated based on the first frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device.

[0017] When the current frequency of the power grid is higher than the upper limit of the normal frequency range, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce are calculated based on the second frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device.

[0018] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0019] When the current frequency of the power grid is lower than the lower limit of the normal frequency range, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated based on the first frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, including:

[0020] Calculate the first frequency deviation value;

[0021] The actual release power of the energy storage device is determined based on its current state of charge.

[0022] Based on the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment and the current environmental conditions, determine the maximum power generation capacity that the photovoltaic equipment can increase under the current environmental conditions;

[0023] Based on the first frequency deviation value, the actual power that the energy storage device can release, and the maximum power generation that the photovoltaic device can increase, calculate the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase.

[0024] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, the first frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula:

[0025] Δf1=f min -f current

[0026] Where Δf1 represents the first frequency deviation value, f current f represents the current frequency. min This indicates the lower limit of the normal frequency range.

[0027] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0028] The maximum power generation that can be increased under the current environmental conditions is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] P pv_max =G×η×(A all -A current )

[0030] Among them, P pv_max Indicates the maximum power generation that can be increased, G represents the solar radiation intensity under current environmental conditions, η represents the efficiency of the photovoltaic equipment, and A all A represents the total installed capacity of photovoltaic equipment, where A represents the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic system. current This indicates the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic equipment currently in use.

[0031] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, the actual release power of the energy storage device is determined using the following formula:

[0032] P storage_max =P storage_rated ×SOC current ×Safety_Factor

[0033] Among them, P storage_max P represents the actual power that the energy storage device can release. storage_rated State of Charge (SOC) indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. current This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device, and Safety_Factor represents the safety margin factor.

[0034] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0035] The first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase include:

[0036] P demand-1 =K f ×Δf1

[0037]

[0038] P PV,1 =P demand-1 -P stroage,1

[0039] Among them, P demand-1 This represents the power requirement for adjusting the first frequency deviation value, where Δf1 represents the first frequency deviation value, and K... f P represents the frequency power regulation coefficient; storage,1 P represents the first power. PV,1 P represents the first power generation capacity.storage_max P represents the actual power that the energy storage device can release. pv_max This represents the maximum power generation that can be increased, and α represents the time coefficient.

[0040] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, when the current frequency of the power grid is higher than the upper limit of the normal frequency range, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce are calculated based on the second frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, including:

[0041] Calculate the second frequency deviation value;

[0042] Determine the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb based on its current state of charge.

[0043] Based on the second frequency deviation value, the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, calculate the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce.

[0044] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, the second frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula:

[0045] Δf2=f current -f max

[0046] Where Δf2 represents the second frequency deviation value, f current f represents the current frequency. max Indicates the upper limit of the normal frequency range;

[0047] The maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb is calculated using the following formula:

[0048] P storage_x-max =P storage_rated ×(1-SOC current )

[0049] Among them, P storage_x-max P represents the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. storage_rated State of Charge (SOC) indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. current This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device.

[0050] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0051] The second power and the second generated power are calculated using the following formula:

[0052] P demand-2 =K f ×Δf2

[0053] Pstorage，2 =min(P storage_x-max ,P demand-2 )

[0054] P PV,2 =P demand-2 -P storage,2

[0055] Among them, P demand-2 This represents the power requirement for adjusting the second frequency deviation value, where Δf2 represents the second frequency deviation value, and K... f P represents the frequency power regulation coefficient; storage，2 P represents the second power. storage_x-max P represents the second power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. PV,2 This indicates the second power generation capacity.

[0056] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0057] The above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0058] This invention effectively stabilizes the grid frequency by monitoring it in real time and responding rapidly when it deviates from the normal range. It utilizes energy storage and photovoltaic (PV) equipment to adjust power, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization. By calculating the power adjustment targets of the energy storage and PV equipment, it avoids energy waste caused by blind adjustments and improves the overall energy efficiency of the PV power plant. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0061] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0063] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0064] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the various drawings, the same elements are indicated by similar reference numerals. For clarity, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] A method for improving the primary frequency regulation control of photovoltaic power plants based on energy storage. Figure 1 An overall flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0067] A photovoltaic (PV) power plant comprises PV equipment and energy storage equipment. Both PV and energy storage equipment are connected to the power grid, and they are also interconnected to obtain the current grid frequency. The PV power plant is equipped with a frequency measurement device that can monitor the current grid frequency in real time. The current grid frequency is collected in real time and transmitted to the control system to provide a basis for subsequent decision-making.

[0068] When the current frequency of the power grid deviates from the normal frequency range, which is the standard frequency specified by the power grid (e.g., 50Hz or 60Hz) plus or minus an allowable deviation range (e.g., ±0.2Hz or ±0.5Hz), the control system will determine in real time whether the current frequency is within the normal frequency range. If the current frequency deviates from the normal frequency range, it indicates a power imbalance in the power grid, requiring adjustment measures. Determining the current state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage devices and the current power generation of the photovoltaic equipment in the photovoltaic power plant is to understand the status of resources within the photovoltaic power plant. The SOC of the energy storage devices reflects their remaining energy and available energy storage capacity. The current power generation of the photovoltaic equipment reflects its current power generation capacity and potential.

[0069] Based on the current grid frequency, the current state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, and the current power output of the photovoltaic (PV) device, the power regulation targets for both the energy storage and PV devices are calculated. Then, based on the current grid frequency, the SOC of the energy storage device, the power output of the PV device, and the control strategy and algorithm, the power targets that the energy storage and PV devices should adjust are calculated. The power regulation targets aim to balance the power demand of the grid by adjusting the power output of these two devices, thereby restoring the grid frequency to its normal range.

[0070] The energy storage and photovoltaic equipment are controlled to adjust their power according to the calculated power regulation target so that the grid frequency is restored to the normal frequency range.

[0071] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the power regulation targets of the computational energy storage device and the photovoltaic device include:

[0072] When the current frequency of the power grid is lower than the lower limit of the normal frequency range, the deviation between the current frequency of the power grid and the lower limit of the normal frequency range is calculated, i.e., the first frequency deviation value. The first frequency deviation value reflects the degree of insufficiency of the current power demand of the power grid. Based on the first frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated. In this embodiment, the calculation of the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase includes:

[0073] Calculate the first frequency deviation value; calculate the deviation between the current frequency of the power grid and the lower limit of the normal frequency range; in this embodiment, the first frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula:

[0074] Δf1=f min -f current

[0075] Where Δf1 represents the first frequency deviation value, f current f represents the current frequency. min This indicates the lower limit of the normal frequency range.

[0076] Based on the current state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, the actual releaseable power of the energy storage device is determined; based on the current SOC of the energy storage device, the maximum releaseable power of the energy storage device is evaluated; in this embodiment, the actual releaseable power of the energy storage device is determined using the following formula:

[0077] P storage_max =P storage_rated ×SOC current ×Safety_Factor

[0078] Among them, P storage_max P represents the actual power that the energy storage device can release. storage_rated State of Charge (SOC) indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. current This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device, and Safety_Factor represents the safety margin factor.

[0079] Based on the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment and the current environmental conditions, the maximum power generation capacity that the photovoltaic equipment can increase under the current environmental conditions is determined; the environmental conditions refer to the current sunlight conditions. In this embodiment, the maximum power generation capacity that can be increased under the current environmental conditions is calculated using the following formula:

[0080] P pv_max =G×η×(A all -Acurrent )

[0081] Among them, P pv_max Indicates the maximum power generation that can be increased, G represents the solar radiation intensity under current environmental conditions, η represents the efficiency of the photovoltaic equipment, and A all A represents the total installed capacity of photovoltaic equipment, where A represents the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic system. current This indicates the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic equipment currently in use.

[0082] Based on the first frequency deviation value, the actual releaseable power of the energy storage device, and the maximum power generation that the photovoltaic device can increase, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated. Based on the first frequency deviation value, the available power of the energy storage device, and a preset control strategy, such as prioritizing the use of the energy storage device for frequency regulation, or allocating power based on the regulation costs of the energy storage device and the photovoltaic device, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release is calculated. In this embodiment, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase include:

[0083] P demand-1 =K f ×Δf1

[0084]

[0085] P PV,1 =P demand-1 -P stroage,1

[0086] Among them, P demand-1 This represents the power requirement for adjusting the first frequency deviation value, where Δf1 represents the first frequency deviation value, and K... f P represents the frequency power regulation coefficient; storage,1 P represents the first power. PV,1 P represents the first power generation capacity. storage_max P represents the actual power that the energy storage device can release. pv_max This represents the maximum possible increase in power generation, where α represents the time coefficient. The frequency power regulation coefficient K f K is a preset coefficient used to convert frequency deviation into the required power regulation. f The value of the time coefficient is determined based on the grid's scale, structure, and stability requirements. The time coefficient is a constant used to balance power distribution between energy storage and photovoltaic devices to optimize the regulation rate. The time coefficient is determined through actual testing or simulation. If the calculated first power generation is greater than the maximum increaseable power generation, power generation is based on the maximum increaseable power generation. If the calculated first power generation is less than or equal to the maximum increaseable power generation, power generation is based on the first power generation.

[0087] When the current grid frequency is higher than the upper limit of the normal frequency range, a second frequency deviation value is calculated, representing the difference between the current grid frequency and the upper limit of the normal frequency range, i.e., the degree of frequency excess. A larger second frequency deviation value indicates more excess power in the grid, requiring more power absorption to lower the frequency. Based on the second frequency deviation value, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic (PV) equipment, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the PV equipment needs to reduce are calculated. When calculating the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb, the SOC limitation must be considered. The SOC of the energy storage device has an upper limit; when the SOC approaches or reaches this limit, the energy storage device may not be able to absorb more power, avoiding energy waste. The second power generation reduction required by the PV equipment can be achieved by reducing its surface area.

[0088] In this embodiment, calculating the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce includes:

[0089] Calculate the second frequency deviation value; the second frequency deviation value refers to the difference between the current frequency of the power grid and the upper limit of the normal frequency range. This value reflects the degree of power surplus in the power grid and is the basis for subsequent calculations of power regulation. In this embodiment, the second frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula:

[0090] Δf2=f current -f max

[0091] Where Δf2 represents the second frequency deviation value, f current f represents the current frequency. max Indicates the upper limit of the normal frequency range;

[0092] Based on the current state of charge of the energy storage device, the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb is determined; in this embodiment, the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb is calculated using the following formula:

[0093] P storage_x-max =P storage_rated ×(1-SOC current )

[0094] Among them, P storage_x-max P represents the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. storage_rated State of Charge (SOC) indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. current This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device.

[0095] Based on the second frequency deviation value, the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce are calculated. In this embodiment, the second power and the second power generation are calculated using the following formula:

[0096] P demand-2 =K f ×Δf2

[0097] P storage，2 =min(P storage_x-max ,P demand-2 )

[0098] P PV,2 =P demand-2 -P storage,2

[0099] Among them, P demand-2 This represents the power requirement for adjusting the second frequency deviation value, where Δf2 represents the second frequency deviation value, and K... f P represents the frequency power regulation coefficient; storage，2 P represents the second power. storage_x-max P represents the second power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. PV,2 This represents the second power generation capacity. If the second power generation capacity is greater than the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment, the adjustment will be based on the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment; if the second power generation capacity is less than or equal to the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment, the adjustment will be based on the second power generation capacity.

[0100] This invention effectively stabilizes the grid frequency by monitoring it in real time and responding rapidly when it deviates from the normal range. It utilizes energy storage and photovoltaic (PV) equipment to adjust power, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization. By calculating the power adjustment targets of the energy storage and PV equipment, it avoids energy waste caused by blind adjustments and improves the overall energy efficiency of the PV power plant.

[0101] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

[0102] The present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

[0103] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0104] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the primary frequency regulation control of photovoltaic power plants based on energy storage, characterized in that, include: Obtain the current grid frequency for photovoltaic power plants; When the current frequency of the power grid deviates from the normal frequency range, determine the current state of charge of the energy storage equipment and the current power generation of the photovoltaic equipment in the photovoltaic power plant. Calculate the power regulation targets for energy storage and photovoltaic devices based on the current grid frequency, the current state of charge of energy storage devices, and the current power generation of photovoltaic devices. The energy storage and photovoltaic equipment are controlled to adjust their power according to the calculated power regulation target so that the grid frequency is restored to the normal frequency range. The power regulation targets of the energy storage device and the photovoltaic device include: When the current frequency of the power grid is lower than the lower limit of the normal frequency range, based on the first frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated, including: Calculate the first frequency deviation value; The actual release power of the energy storage device is determined based on its current state of charge. Based on the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic equipment and the current environmental conditions, determine the maximum power generation capacity that the photovoltaic equipment can increase under the current environmental conditions; Based on the first frequency deviation value, the actual power that the energy storage device can release, and the maximum power generation that the photovoltaic device can increase, the first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase are calculated. The first power that the energy storage device needs to release and the first power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to increase include: in, This indicates the power requirement for adjusting the first frequency deviation value. K represents the first frequency deviation value. f Indicates the frequency power regulation coefficient; Indicates the first power. Indicates the first power generation capacity. This indicates the actual power that the energy storage device can release. This represents the maximum power generation that can be increased, and α represents the time coefficient. When the current frequency of the power grid is higher than the upper limit of the normal frequency range, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce are calculated based on the second frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the first frequency deviation value. Indicates the current frequency. This indicates the lower limit of the normal frequency range.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum power generation that can be increased under the current environmental conditions is calculated using the following formula: in, Indicates the maximum power generation that can be increased, G represents the solar radiation intensity under current environmental conditions, η represents the efficiency of the photovoltaic equipment, and A all The total installed capacity represents the surface area of ​​photovoltaic equipment. This indicates the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic equipment currently in use.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual release power of the energy storage device is determined using the following formula: in, This indicates the actual power that the energy storage device can release. This indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device, and Safety_Factor represents the safety margin factor.

5. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the current frequency of the power grid is higher than the upper limit of the normal frequency range, based on the second frequency deviation value, the state of charge of the energy storage device, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce are calculated, including: Calculate the second frequency deviation value; Determine the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb based on its current state of charge. Based on the second frequency deviation value, the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb, and the current power generation of the photovoltaic device, calculate the second power that the energy storage device needs to absorb and the second power generation that the photovoltaic device needs to reduce.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second frequency deviation value is calculated using the following formula: in, This indicates the second frequency deviation value. Indicates the current frequency. Indicates the upper limit of the normal frequency range; The maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb is calculated using the following formula: in, This indicates the maximum power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. This indicates the maximum rated power of the energy storage device. This indicates the current state of charge of the energy storage device.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second power and the second generated power are calculated using the following formula: in, This indicates the power requirement for adjusting the second frequency deviation value. K represents the second frequency deviation value. f Indicates the frequency power regulation coefficient; Indicates the second power. This represents the second power that the energy storage device can actually absorb. This indicates the second power generation capacity.

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