Direct current-alternating current composite compensation high-temperature-resistant friction nano-generator and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct current-alternating current composite compensation high-temperature-resistant friction nano generator and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of nano energy. And continuous, stable and efficient operation of the friction nano generator in a temperature range of room temperature to 400 DEG C is realized. The friction pair part A comprises a first substrate, first high-temperature-resistant insulation paste, a first metal coating and a first friction layer in sequence; the friction pair B part comprises a second friction layer, a second metal coating, second high-temperature-resistant insulating glue and a second substrate in sequence; the first friction layer is a semiconductor, the second friction layer comprises a metal foil and a mineral composite polymer which are tightly connected, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer are oppositely arranged and keep contact. The high-temperature-resistant mineral composite polymer is prepared, then a composite compensation mechanism of two structures of the direct-current friction nano generator and the alternating-current friction nano generator is utilized, and a low-pressure inert atmosphere filling method is adopted, so that efficient energy collection in a high-temperature environment is cooperatively realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nano energy technology, and particularly relates to a high-temperature resistant triboelectric nanogenerator with DC-AC composite compensation that can work in an environment of 400 °C and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerators have received extensive attention in recent years in the fields of energy harvesting, intelligent sensing, environmental monitoring, etc. Although triboelectric nanogenerators exhibit excellent energy conversion efficiency in various scenarios, they still face some challenges in practical applications, especially the poor stability of materials and devices and low energy conversion efficiency in harsh environments such as high temperature.

[0003] Traditional triboelectric nanogenerators often show attenuation of electrical performance in high-temperature environments. On the one hand, it is mainly because the thermal stability of conventional polymer triboelectric materials is poor, and their operating temperature does not exceed 250 °C, resulting in a decline in power generation performance at high temperatures. In addition, due to the thermionic emission effect on the material surface, as the temperature increases, the power generation efficiency of conventional AC triboelectric nanogenerators gradually decreases, and when the temperature rises to a certain extent, the entire device cannot generate electricity. Finally, the architecture of the device structure is also very important. For example, the performance of a direct-contact triboelectric nanogenerator under high temperature is significantly weaker than that of a rotary-structured triboelectric nanogenerator, while the current of a DC triboelectric nanogenerator is often higher than that of an AC triboelectric nanogenerator. Although certain progress has been made in the research of existing triboelectric nanogenerators, it is still difficult to meet the requirements of continuous, stable, and high-efficiency self-driven power generation in harsh environments around 400 °C.

[0004] Therefore, if a new type of triboelectric nanogenerator can be invented through the improvement of high-temperature resistant materials and the innovation of device structures and applied to harsh environments at 400 °C, while maintaining overall stability and functional reliability, it will be beneficial to the further expansion of triboelectric nanogenerators in application fields such as deep mines, industrial high temperatures, and aerospace, and has great economic benefits and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a high-temperature resistant triboelectric nanogenerator with DC-AC composite compensation and a preparation method thereof, which combines the respective advantages of the large current of a DC triboelectric nanogenerator and the large voltage of an AC triboelectric nanogenerator. It is proposed that through the composite compensation of these two structures and based on the development of mineral composite polymer materials and the filling of a low-pressure inert atmosphere, the three work together to achieve the continuous, stable, and efficient operation of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the temperature range of room temperature to 400 °C.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: It includes a friction pair A part and a friction pair B part arranged coaxially; The A part of the friction pair includes a first base 1a, a first high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2a, a first metal coating 3a, and a first friction layer that are fixedly connected in sequence. A first wire 7a is led out between the first high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2a and the first metal coating 3a; The B part of the friction pair includes a second friction layer, a second metal coating 3b, a second high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2b, and a second base 1b that are fixedly connected in sequence. A second wire 7b is led out between the second metal coating 3b and the second high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2b; The first friction layer is a semiconductor 4. The second friction layer includes a metal foil 5 and a mineral composite polymer 6 that are closely connected. The first friction layer and the second friction layer are arranged opposite to each other and remain in contact; The first base 1a of the A part of the friction pair is fixed at one end of the vacuum sealing cavity 12 through a fixture 11 as a fixed end; the second base 1b of the B part of the friction pair is mechanically connected to the connecting shaft 13 and connected to the kinetic energy receiver 10 to form a moving end. The connecting shaft 13 penetrates through the other end of the vacuum sealing cavity 12; the external energy is received by the kinetic energy receiver 10 to drive the moving end to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the A part of the friction pair and the B part of the friction pair make dynamic contact clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0007] Further, the first wire 7a of the A part of the friction pair is led out of the vacuum sealing cavity 12 through a vacuum joint 9; the second wire 7b of the B part of the friction pair is connected to a conductive slip ring 8 sleeved on the connecting shaft 13, and the conductive slip ring 8 is then led out of the vacuum sealing cavity 12 through a third wire 7c penetrating through the vacuum joint 9.

[0008] Further, the metal foil 5 and the mineral composite polymer 6 of the B part of the friction pair have the same thickness, and the total area of the metal foil 5 and the total area of the mineral composite polymer 6 are both half of the circular cross-section of the B part of the friction pair. Their shapes are semi-circular or the semi-circle is divided multiple times and form symmetric complementarity.

[0009] In the above: The first base 1a and the second base 1b are any one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicone rubber, aluminosilicate, chromium, titanium, platinum, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy.

[0010] The first high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2a and the second high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2b are any one of commercial silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polyurethane adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, and ceramic adhesive.

[0011] The first metal coating 3a and the second metal coating 3b are films plated on a single surface of the semiconductor 4, the metal foil 5, and the mineral composite polymer 6 by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or electroplating, and any one of them is a gold film, a platinum film, a nickel film, a tungsten film, or a chromium film.

[0012] The semiconductor 4 is any one of P-type or N-type doped silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, indium phosphide, indium nitride, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, silicon carbide, diamond, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride.

[0013] The metal foil 5 is any one of titanium foil, gold foil, platinum foil, nickel foil, tungsten foil, or chromium foil.

[0014] The mineral composite polymer 6 is prepared by compounding a mineral and a high-temperature resistant polymer. Among them, the mineral is any one of quartz, montmorillonite, corundum, zircon, crystal, calcium silicate ore, kaolin, feldspar, andalusite, or kyanite. The high-temperature resistant polymer is any one of polyether ether ketone, polyimide, or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0015] The wire 7 is a wire-shaped object with conductive properties made of nickel, titanium, silver, gold, platinum, chromium, or a mixture of the above materials in any proportion, and its surface can be covered with one or more layers of high-temperature resistant insulating materials.

[0016] The conductive slip ring 8 is a commercial conductive slip ring, aiming to prevent the second wire 7b from winding during the rotation of the friction pair B.

[0017] The vacuum connector 9 is a commercial high-temperature resistant vacuum connector, which connects the wire inside and outside the vacuum system, and does not affect the airtightness of the vacuum system at the same time.

[0018] The kinetic energy receiver 10 is a device capable of collecting various kinetic energies, especially suitable for the conversion of wind energy, water energy, gravitational kinetic energy, vibration energy, and human motion energy. Through a specifically designed external structure, such as fan blades, springs, or other energy collection elements, the kinetic energy receiver 10 can efficiently convert the collected natural energy into rotational power and drive the connecting shaft to rotate. The external shape of the kinetic energy receiver can be adjusted according to the characteristics of different energy sources to achieve the best energy collection efficiency.

[0019] The fixer 11 is made of any structure prepared from conventional high-temperature resistant materials, and its function is to fix the friction pair A in the vacuum sealing cavity 12.

[0020] The vacuum sealing cavity 12 is any cavity structure made of any one or a mixture of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, molybdenum, or tungsten.

[0021] The connecting shaft 13 is any one of alumina, silica, silicon nitride, silicone rubber, aluminosilicate, chromium, titanium, platinum, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy.

[0022] The sealed bearing 14 is a commercial metal sealed bearing made of any one of high carbon steel, bearing steel, and stainless steel; The inert gas is any one of helium, neon, argon, and krypton or a mixed gas composed of any proportion combination.

[0023] The high-temperature-resistant triboelectric nanogenerator with DC-AC composite compensation is constructed according to the following steps: S1. Preparation and pretreatment of mineral composite polymer; Heat the high-temperature-resistant polymer to 280 - 350 °C, keep it warm for 10 - 30 minutes, add minerals, and the molar ratio of minerals to high-temperature-resistant polymer is 1:5 - 30; then evenly disperse the minerals in the high-temperature-resistant polymer through the rotation speed of 100 - 300 rpm of a twin-screw extruder; then perform hot pressing molding, the hot pressing temperature is 260 - 330 °C, the pressure is 10 - 20 MPa, and the time is 5 - 30 minutes; finally, perform annealing treatment in an argon environment, the annealing temperature is 350 - 450 °C, and the annealing time is 0.5 - 3 hours to prepare the mineral composite polymer 6 with a thickness of 0.02 - 2 mm; Take the first substrate 1a, the second substrate 1b, the semiconductor 4, the metal foil 5, and the mineral composite polymer 6, wipe their surfaces clean, and then blow away the residues with high-purity nitrogen; S2. Coating on the surface of the friction layer; Deposit the first metal coating 3a and the second metal coating 3b on a single surface of the semiconductor 4, the metal foil 5, and the mineral composite polymer 6 by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or electrodeposition, the coating thickness is 10 - 5000 nm, and the thickness of the second metal coating 3b on the metal foil 5 and the mineral composite polymer 6 is kept consistent; S3. Preparation of friction pair A; Fix the first substrate 1a on one side of the vacuum sealing cavity 12 through the fixture 11, then add the first high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 2a on the surface of the first substrate 1a, and then cover the semiconductor 4 that has been plated with the first metal coating 3a; closely contact the first wire 7a with the first metal coating 3a, and then fix it between the first high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 2a and the first metal coating 3a and lead it out to prepare the friction pair A; S4. Preparation of friction pair B; Apply a second high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2b on the surface of the second substrate 1b. Subsequently, cover the metal foil 5 and the mineral composite polymer 6 that have been plated with the second metal coating 3b respectively. The metal foil 5b and the mineral composite polymer 6b are in close contact but do not overlap. Make the second wire 7b in close contact with the second metal coating 3b, then fix it between the second high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive 2b and the second metal coating 3b and lead it out to prepare the friction pair B. S5. Install the friction pair B. Fix the second substrate 1b on the connecting shaft 13 through mechanical connection, and fix the other end of the connecting shaft 13 on the kinetic energy receiver 10. Pass the connecting shaft 13 through and install it on the other side of the vacuum sealing cavity 12, and make the semiconductor 4 in the friction pair A part, the metal foil 5 and the mineral composite polymer 6 in the friction pair B part in close contact and placed parallel to each other. S6. Connect the wires. Directly connect the first wire 7a in the friction pair A part to the vacuum joint 9. Connect the second wire 7b in the friction pair B part to the inner ring rotor of the conductive slip ring 8 sleeved on the connecting shaft 13. Subsequently, lead out the third wire 7c from the outer ring stator in the conductive slip ring 8 and connect it to the vacuum joint 9. Lead out the above-mentioned first wire 7a and third wire 7c from the vacuum joint 9 and connect them to the external device. S7. Evacuate the air. Perform a vacuum treatment on the vacuum sealing cavity 12, and then fill it with one or more inert gases mixed in different proportions to make the air pressure in the vacuum sealing cavity 12 be 1×10 -2 ~0.5×10 5 Pa; and it is completed.

[0024] The high-temperature resistant triboelectric nanogenerator is prepared. When it is put into use, it receives external energy through the kinetic energy receiver 10, drives the connecting shaft 13 to make the friction pair A and the friction pair B in close contact and perform rotational motion, realizing the power generation function of the DC-AC composite compensation high-temperature resistant triboelectric nanogenerator, and can also be used for self-driven monitoring and real-time warning of parameters such as environmental temperature.

[0025] The core technical objective of the present invention is to be able to adapt to a high-temperature working environment of 400°C. It should be particularly noted that: In view of the problems of low energy conversion efficiency, poor stability or even complete inability to work of traditional triboelectric nanogenerators in a high-temperature environment of 400 °C, a high-temperature-resistant triboelectric nanogenerator based on DC-AC composite compensation is proposed. As a generator that needs to work in a high-temperature environment of 400 °C, it is first necessary to prepare a high-temperature-resistant mineral composite polymer, and then use the composite compensation mechanism of two structures of a DC triboelectric nanogenerator and an AC triboelectric nanogenerator, that is, the semiconductor and metal foil in it constitute a DC triboelectric nanogenerator, and at the same time the semiconductor and the mineral composite polymer constitute an AC triboelectric nanogenerator, and the two generators operate synchronously to output high current and high voltage; on this basis, a method of filling with a low-pressure inert atmosphere is further adopted to synergistically achieve efficient energy harvesting in a high-temperature environment. Finally, through the synergy of several aspects, the technical goal of working in a high-temperature environment of 400 °C can be achieved.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention combines the respective advantages of the large current of the DC triboelectric nanogenerator and the large voltage of the AC triboelectric nanogenerator, and proposes that through the composite compensation of these two structures, the triboelectric nanogenerator can output high current and high voltage simultaneously during the working process, effectively improving the working efficiency at high temperature; at the same time, a method of full symmetry and full contact of the metal friction layer / mineral composite polymer layer friction layer and the semiconductor friction layer surface at any time is adopted, which minimizes the thermionic emission effect on the surface of the semiconductor friction layer at high temperature and solves the problem of low energy collection efficiency caused by thermionic emission.

[0027] 2. By filling the low-pressure inert atmosphere in the vacuum sealing cavity, on the one hand, the antioxidant property of the mineral composite polymer material used for a long time at high temperature is further improved; on the other hand, by replacing the conventional air atmosphere with a low-pressure inert gas, the thermionic emission on the surface of the semiconductor at high temperature can be further reduced, and the overall power generation power and energy conversion efficiency of the device can be improved.

[0028] 3. The present invention is based on the composite compensation of the DC-AC structure, the development of the mineral composite polymer, and the filling of the low-pressure inert atmosphere. The three work together to achieve the characteristics of continuous, stable and efficient power generation of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the temperature range of room temperature to 400 °C, and can also be used for self-driven collection or real-time monitoring of signals such as ambient temperature and air flow changes. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of this case; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the hierarchical structure of this case; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of this case; In the figure, 1a is the first substrate, 1b is the second substrate, 2a is the first high-temperature resistant insulating glue, 2b is the second high-temperature resistant insulating glue, 3a is the first metal coating, 3b is the second metal coating, 4 is the semiconductor, 5 is the metal foil, 6 is the mineral composite polymer, 7a is the first wire, 7b is the second wire, 7c is the third wire, 8 is the conductive slip ring, 9 is the vacuum joint, 10 is the kinetic energy receiver, 11 is the fixator, 12 is the vacuum sealing cavity, 13 is the connecting shaft, and 14 is the sealed bearing. Detailed implementation mode

[0030] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this patent, the following will elaborate on this patent in detail through specific implementation modes and in combination with its attached drawings.

[0031] In this embodiment: Silicon oxide is used as the substrate; commercial silicone rubber is used as the high-temperature resistant insulating glue; a gold film is used as the metal coating; N-type doped silicon is used as the semiconductor 4; titanium foil is used as the metal foil 5; quartz composite polyimide is used as the mineral composite polymer 6; nickel wires are used as the wires 7; a conductive slip ring of model TT08 is used as the conductive slip ring 8; a commercial vacuum joint of model KF10 is used as the vacuum joint 9; a fan-shaped structure kinetic energy receiver is used as the kinetic energy receiver 10; a stainless steel cylindrical vacuum sealing cavity is used as the vacuum sealing cavity 12; an alumina-made connecting shaft is used as the connecting shaft 13; a commercial metal sealed bearing made of stainless steel is used as the sealed bearing 14; argon is used as the introduced inert gas.

[0032] Specific preparation is carried out according to the following steps: S1. Preparation and pretreatment of the mineral composite polymer; Heat 10 mol of polyimide to 350 °C, keep it warm for 30 minutes, add 1 mol of quartz, and then evenly disperse the quartz in the polyimide through a twin-screw extruder (rotation speed 150 rpm); then carry out hot pressing molding, the hot pressing temperature is 300 °C, the pressure is 20 MPa, and the time is 30 minutes; finally, carry out annealing treatment in an argon environment, the annealing temperature is 400 °C, and the annealing time is 2 hours to prepare quartz composite polyimide with a thickness of 0.2 mm.

[0033] Wipe the surfaces of the two silicon oxide substrates, N-type doped silicon, titanium foil, and quartz composite polyimide used clean, and then blow away the residues with high-purity nitrogen.

[0034] S2. Coating on the friction layer surface; Deposit a gold film on the single surfaces of N-type doped silicon, titanium foil, and quartz composite polyimide through physical vapor deposition, with a thickness of 100 nm for all.

[0035] S3. Preparation of friction pair A; Fix the first silica on one side of a cylindrical stainless - steel vacuum - sealed cavity through a fixture. Then, add the first commercial silicone rubber on the surface of the first silica. Subsequently, cover it with N - type doped silicon coated with a gold film. Make the first nickel wire in close contact with the first gold film, then fix it between the first commercial silicone rubber and the first gold film and lead it out to prepare friction pair A.

[0036] S4. Prepare friction pair B; Add the second commercial silicone rubber on the surface of the second silica. Subsequently, cover it with a titanium foil and quartz composite polyimide coated with a second gold film respectively. The titanium foil and the quartz composite polyimide are in close connection but do not overlap. Make the second nickel wire in close contact with the second gold film, then fix it between the second commercial silicone rubber and the second gold film and lead it out to prepare friction pair B.

[0037] S5. Install friction pair B; Fix the second silica on an alumina connecting shaft through mechanical connection. Fix the other end of the alumina connecting shaft on a sector - shaped kinetic energy receiver. Insert the alumina connecting shaft through and install it on the other side of the vacuum - sealed cavity, and make the N - type doped silicon in the friction pair A part and the titanium foil and quartz composite polyimide in the friction pair B part in close contact and placed parallel to each other.

[0038] S6. Connect the wires; Directly connect the first nickel wire in the friction pair A part to a KF10 commercial vacuum connector. First, connect the second nickel wire in the friction pair B part to the inner - ring rotor of a TT08 large - capacity conductive slip ring on the alumina connecting shaft. Then, lead out a third nickel wire from the outer - ring stator in the TT08 large - capacity conductive slip ring and connect it to the KF10 commercial vacuum connector. Lead out the above - mentioned first and third nickel wires from the KF10 commercial vacuum connector and connect them to an external device, an electrometer. S7. Evacuate the air; Conduct a vacuum - pumping treatment on the cylindrical stainless - steel vacuum - sealed cavity, then fill it with argon so that the air pressure in the cylindrical stainless - steel vacuum - sealed cavity is 10 Pa. Receive external energy through the sector - shaped kinetic energy receiver, drive the alumina connecting shaft to make friction pair A and friction pair B in close contact and perform a rotational motion.

[0039] Finally, at room temperature of 25 °C, the open-circuit voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator is 155.8 V and the short-circuit current is 22.6 μA; at 100 °C, the open-circuit voltage is 136.3 V and the short-circuit current is 20.1 μA; at 175 °C, the open-circuit voltage is 96.8 V and the short-circuit current is 11.8 μA; at 250 °C, the open-circuit voltage is 65.5 V and the short-circuit current is 8.7 μA; at 325 °C, the open-circuit voltage is 46.2 V and the short-circuit current is 5.6 μA; at 400 °C, the open-circuit voltage is 22.5 V and the short-circuit current is 2.1 μA, realizing the continuous, stable and efficient power generation characteristics of the invention in the temperature range of room temperature to 400 °C.

[0040] There are many specific implementation ways of the present invention. The above description is only the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements can be made, and these improvements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a core friction layer of a friction nanogenerator for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment, characterized in that: The core friction layer is a ternary composite film formed by a composite of polymer, natural mineral and carbon-based nanomaterial and subjected to surface state regulation by high-energy laser irradiation; wherein the mass ratio of high-temperature resistant polymer, natural mineral and carbon-based nanomaterial is 1:0.12~0.50:0.01~0.18; The core friction layer is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1: Take natural minerals, wash and dry them; Soak the natural mineral in the cleaning solution, perform ultrasonic cleaning for 5-20 minutes, then rinse with deionized water, and dry in an oven at 60-150°C for 0.5-5 hours; Step 2, modifying the natural minerals; Soak the cleaned natural minerals in the modified solution, stir for 5-50 minutes, take them out and dry them at 80-150℃ for 0.2-8 hours; Step 3, taking the carbon-based nanomaterial and performing oxidation treatment; First, the carbon-based nanomaterials are mixed with an oxidant, and then reacted at 20-80°C for 1-12 hours, followed by washing with deionized water and finally drying at 60-80°C. Step 4: taking a high temperature resistant polymer, compounding it with the modified natural mineral and the oxidized carbon-based nanomaterial to form a polymer / natural mineral / carbon-based nanomaterial ternary composite film; Wherein, the high temperature resistant polymer is a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer; When the high temperature resistant polymer is a thermosetting polymer, the composite method of the thermosetting polymer, the natural mineral and the carbon-based nanomaterial is as follows: adding the modified natural mineral and the oxidized carbon-based nanomaterial to the thermosetting polymer precursor, stirring at high speed for 5 to 60 minutes, then pouring the solution into a mold with a flat bottom, and drying at room temperature for 5 to 20 hours to form a film; then freeze-drying the film at a temperature of -50 to -20°C, an air pressure of 0.1 to 10Pa, and keeping warm for 5 to 40 hours; then curing at 80 to 400°C for 0.5 to 4 hours under a protective atmosphere, and the prepared film has a thickness of 0.01 to 3 mm; When the high temperature resistant polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, the composite method of the thermoplastic polymer, natural minerals and carbon-based nanomaterials is as follows: at a temperature of 220~400°C, the modified natural minerals and the oxidized carbon-based nanomaterials are added to the thermoplastic polymer and mechanically mixed for 10~30 minutes; after cooling, the mixture is placed in a hot press at a temperature of 250~450°C and a pressure of 5~10MPa for 5~15 minutes; finally, a film is obtained after cooling to room temperature with a thickness of 0.01~3mm.

2. Step 5, using laser to perform surface state control treatment on the ternary composite film prepared above; A linear scanning method is used, scanning from one point to the next point, ensuring that the laser beam covers the entire film surface, and finally obtaining a ternary composite film treated with high-energy laser irradiation.

3. The method for preparing a core friction layer of a friction nanogenerator for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural mineral in step 1 is any one of quartz, bauxite, attapulgite, montmorillonite, corundum, zircon, olivine, crystal, talc, fluorite, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate, kaolin, mica, feldspar, talc, sillimanite, andalusite, kyanite, and mullite.

4. The method for preparing a core friction layer of a triboelectric nanogenerator for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifying liquid in step 2 is any one of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrichlorosilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-vinyltrichlorosilane, 3-vinyltriethoxysilane, γ-vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and 3-vinylpropyltriethoxysilane.

5. The method for preparing a core friction layer of a friction nanogenerator for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon-based nanomaterial in step 3 is any one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-walled carbon nanotubes.

6. The method for preparing a core friction layer of a friction nanogenerator for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermosetting polymer precursor in step 4 is any one of commercial epoxy resin precursors, polyimide precursors, phenolic resin precursors, unsaturated polyester resin precursors, polyurethane precursors, polysulfide resin precursors, polybenzothiophene precursors, polyesteramide resin precursors, polysiloxane precursors, and polyphenylene ether resin precursors; The thermoplastic polymer in step 4 is any one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyarylene.

7. A method for applying the core friction layer of a triboelectric nanogenerator prepared according to claim 1 for use in a wide temperature range extreme environment, characterized in that: The core friction layer is prepared into a friction nanogenerator according to the following steps: Step 6, performing metal coating on the surface of the ternary composite film prepared in step 5, and then bonding the metal film to the first substrate via the first supporting layer, and leading out the first electrode between the metal film and the first supporting layer to construct a first friction pair of the friction nanogenerator; Step 7: Take the metal-based friction material, bond it to the second substrate through the second supporting layer, and lead out a second electrode between the metal-based friction material and the second supporting layer to construct a second friction pair of the friction nanogenerator; Step 8: Assemble the two friction pairs prepared in step 6 and step 7 into a friction nanogenerator in any one of the modes: horizontal sliding mode, vertical contact-separation mode, single electrode mode, and free vibration mode.

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