Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

Abstract

Provided is an intermediate film for laminated glass, the intermediate film being capable of improving vibration damping properties in a high-frequency region in an end portion of laminated glass corresponding to an end portion of the intermediate film. The intermediate film for laminated glass according to the present invention has a first end portion and a second end portion located on the opposite side of the first end portion, and when laminated glass P, Q, R, S obtained by disposing a specific portion of the intermediate film between two pieces of green glass having a thickness of 2.0 mm satisfies a specific configuration A or a specific configuration B.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass for obtaining laminated glass. Further, the present invention relates to laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass. Background Art

[0002] Even when laminated glass is broken by an external impact, the amount of scattered glass fragments is small, and the safety is excellent. Therefore, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railway vehicles, airplanes, ships, buildings, and the like. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass plates.

[0003] In Patent Document 1 described below, in order to form laminated glass (laminated glass) having vibration and sound attenuation characteristics, a viscoelastic plastic interlayer (interlayer film) is intended to be introduced between two glass plates. The interlayer includes at least one layer made of a viscoelastic plastic having vibration and sound attenuation characteristics, and has a specific resonance frequency and a specific loss coefficient.

[0004] Prior Art Documents

[0005] Patent Documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: WO2013 / 175101A1 Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical Problem to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] An interlayer film is usually manufactured by extrusion molding. The present inventors have found that in laminated glass prepared using an interlayer film manufactured by extrusion molding, the vibration damping property in a high-frequency region sometimes cannot be improved at the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the interlayer film.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can improve the vibration damping property in a high-frequency region at the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the interlayer film. Further, an object of the present invention is to provide laminated glass that can improve the vibration damping property in a high-frequency region at the end portion of the laminated glass.

[0010] Means for Solving the Technical Problem

[0011] In this specification, the following interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass are disclosed.

[0012] Item 1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, which has a first end and a second end located on the opposite side of the first end. When obtaining the following laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S, it satisfies the following Configuration A or Configuration B. Laminated glass P: A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the interlayer film from the position 0 mm toward the second end to the position 25 mm between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass Q: A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the interlayer film from the position 100 mm toward the second end to the position 125 mm between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass R: A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the interlayer film from the position 0 mm toward the first end to the position 25 mm between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass S: A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the interlayer film from the position 100 mm toward the first end to the position 125 mm between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0013] Configuration A: The change rate A1 shown in the following formula (A1) is less than 10%, and the change rate A2 shown in the following formula (A2) is less than 10%.

[0014] Change rate A1 (%) = (|P A - Q A | / Q A ) × 100 (A1)

[0015] P A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass P

[0016] Q A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass Q

[0017] Change rate A2 (%) = (|R A - S A | / S A ) × 100 (A2)

[0018] R A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass R

[0019] S A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass S

[0020] Configuration B: The change rate B1 shown in the following formula (B1) is less than 10%, and the change rate B2 shown in the following formula (B2) is less than 10%.

[0021] Change rate B1 (%) = (|P B - Q B | / QB )×100 (B1)

[0022] P B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass P

[0023] Q B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass Q

[0024] Rate of change B2 (%) = (|R B -S B | / S B )×100 (B2)

[0025] R B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass R

[0026] S B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass S

[0027] Item 2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 1, which satisfies the said Constitution A.

[0028] Item 3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 1, which satisfies the said Constitution B.

[0029] Item 4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 1, which satisfies the said Constitution A and the said Constitution B.

[0030] Item 5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which has a first layer containing resin and a second layer containing resin, and the second layer is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer.

[0031] Item 6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 5, wherein the resin in the first layer is a thermoplastic resin and the resin in the second layer is a thermoplastic resin.

[0032] Item 7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 5 or 6, which has a third layer containing resin, and the third layer is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer opposite to the first surface side.

[0033] Item 8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 7, wherein the resin in the third layer is a thermoplastic resin.

[0034] Item 9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 8, wherein the glass transition temperature of the first layer is different from the glass transition temperature of the second layer.

[0035] Item 10. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 9, wherein the glass transition temperature of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature is 32 °C or higher.

[0036] Item 11. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 10, wherein the glass transition temperature of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature is 37 °C or higher.

[0037] Item 12. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 11, wherein the second layer is the surface layer of the interlayer film, and the second layer is the layer with the highest glass transition temperature.

[0038] Item 13. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 12, wherein the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature is 1.2 or higher.

[0039] Item 14. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to Item 13, wherein the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature is 1.4 or higher.

[0040] Item 15. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 14, wherein the first layer is the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature.

[0041] Item 16. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 15, wherein the end face of the first end portion has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature, and the end face of the second end portion has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature.

[0042] Item 17. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 16, which satisfies the following Configuration C.

[0043] Configuration C: The change rate C1 shown by the following formula (C1) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less, and the change rate C2 shown by the following formula (C2) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less.

[0044] Change rate C1 (%) = (|T P -T Q | / T Q ) × 100 (C1)

[0045] T P : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 12.5 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion

[0046] T Q : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 112.5 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion

[0047] Rate of change C2 (%) = (|T R - T S | / T S ) × 100 (C2)

[0048] T R : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the second end towards the first end to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 12.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0049] T S : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the second end towards the first end to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 112.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0050] Item 18. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 1 to 17, which contains a resin and a plasticizer, and the content of the plasticizer contained in the interlayer film is 36 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin contained in the interlayer film.

[0051] Item 19. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 1 to 18, wherein the cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the interlayer film is wedge-shaped.

[0052] Item 20. A laminated glass, which includes a first laminated glass component, a second laminated glass component, and the interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of Items 1 to 19, and the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component.

[0053] Item 21. A laminated glass, which has a first end and a second end located on the opposite side of the first end, and satisfies the following Configuration A' or the following Configuration B'.

[0054] Configuration A': The rate of change A3 shown by the following formula (A3) is less than 10%, and the rate of change A4 shown by the following formula (A4) is less than 10%.

[0055] Rate of change A3 (%) = (|P A '- Q A '| / Q A ') × 100 (A3)

[0056] P A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the part of the laminated glass from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the first end towards the second end

[0057] Q A': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0058] Rate of change A4 (%) = (|R A '-S A '| / S A ') × 100 (A4)

[0059] R A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0060] S A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0061] Configuration B': The rate of change B3 shown in the following formula (B3) is less than 10%, and the rate of change B4 shown in the following formula (B4) is less than 10%.

[0062] Rate of change B3 (%) = (|P B '-Q B '| / Q B ') × 100 (B3)

[0063] P B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0064] Q B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0065] Rate of change B4 (%) = (|R B '-S B '| / S B ') × 100 (B4)

[0066] R B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0067] S B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0068] Advantages of the Invention

[0069] In the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention, at the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the interlayer film, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region can be improved.

[0070] In the laminated glass of the present invention, at the end portion of the laminated glass, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the interlayer film for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the interlayer film for laminated glass according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 3 Figure 3 is schematically showing the use of Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown.

[0074] Figure 4 Figure 4 is schematically showing the use of Figure 2 a cross-sectional view of an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0075] Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be described.

[0076] (Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass)

[0077] The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention (in this specification, sometimes simply referred to as "interlayer film") is used for laminated glass.

[0078] ​​​​​​​​The intermediate film has a structure of 1 layer or a structure of 2 or more layers. The intermediate film may have a structure of 1 layer, or may have a structure of 2 or more layers. The intermediate film may have a structure of 2 layers, or may have a structure of 2 or more layers, may also have a structure of 3 layers, and may also have a structure of 3 or more layers. The intermediate film may have a structure of 10 layers or less, or may have a structure of 5 layers or less. The intermediate film may only have the first layer. The intermediate film may have the first layer and the second layer disposed on the first surface side of the first layer. The intermediate film may have the first layer, the second layer disposed on the first surface side of the first layer, and the third layer disposed on the second surface side of the first layer opposite to the first surface side. The intermediate film may be a single-layer intermediate film or a multi-layer intermediate film. The structure of the intermediate film may be partially different. For example, the intermediate film may include a part with a 1-layer structure and a part with a multi-layer structure.

[0079] The intermediate film has a first end (one end) and a second end (the other end) located on the opposite side of the first end. The first end and the second end are the two ends facing each other on the intermediate film. The intermediate film has an MD direction and a TD direction. The intermediate film is obtained, for example, by extrusion molding and is an extrusion molded product (preferably a melt extrusion molded product). The MD direction is the flow direction of the intermediate film during the manufacture of the intermediate film. The TD direction is a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the intermediate film during the manufacture of the intermediate film and is also a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the intermediate film. The first end and the second end are the two ends facing each other in the TD direction of the intermediate film.

[0080] Using the intermediate film, the following laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S are prepared. It should be noted that depending on the distance between the first end and the second end in the intermediate film, laminated glass Q and laminated glass S may sometimes be the same.

[0081] Laminated glass P:

[0082] A laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the first end toward the second end between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The position 0 mm from the first end toward the second end refers to the position of the first end of the intermediate film.

[0083] Laminated glass Q:

[0084] A laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to 125 mm from the first end toward the second end between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0085] Laminated glass R:

[0086] A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the second end portion toward the first end portion between two green glasses each having a thickness of 2.0 mm. The position 0 mm from the second end portion toward the first end portion means the position of the second end portion of the intermediate film.

[0087] Laminated glass S:

[0088] A laminated glass obtained by disposing a portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to 125 mm from the second end portion toward the first end portion between two green glasses each having a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0089] The laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S can be prepared as follows, for example.

[0090] Method for preparing laminated glass P:

[0091] Cut out a portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion from the intermediate film, etc., to prepare an intermediate film for preparing laminated glass P. Clamp the intermediate film for preparing laminated glass P between two green glasses having a thickness of 2.0 mm based on JIS R3208 to obtain a laminate. Put the obtained laminate into a rubber bag, degas it for 20 minutes under a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa, then transfer it to an oven in the degassed state, and further keep it at 90 °C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to perform pre-bonding on the laminate. In an autoclave, press the pre-bonded laminate at 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass P.

[0092] Method for preparing laminated glass Q:

[0093] Cut out a portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to 125 mm from the first end portion toward the second end portion from the intermediate film, etc., to prepare an intermediate film for preparing laminated glass Q. Except for using this intermediate film for preparing laminated glass Q, obtain laminated glass Q in the same manner as the method for preparing laminated glass P.

[0094] Method for preparing laminated glass R:

[0095] Cut out a portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the second end portion toward the first end portion from the intermediate film, etc., to prepare an intermediate film for preparing laminated glass R. Except for using this intermediate film for preparing laminated glass R, obtain laminated glass R in the same manner as the method for preparing laminated glass P.

[0096] Method for preparing laminated glass S:

[0097] Cut out a portion of the intermediate film from the intermediate film at a position from 100 mm to 125 mm from the second end toward the first end, etc., and prepare an intermediate film for manufacturing laminated glass S. Except for using this intermediate film for manufacturing laminated glass S, laminated glass S is obtained in the same manner as the manufacturing method of laminated glass P.

[0098] It should be noted that laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S can also be obtained by the following method.

[0099] An intermediate film is sandwiched between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm according to JIS R3208 to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes, and then transferred to an oven in a degassed state. In addition, it is kept at 90 °C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. In an autoclave, the pre-bonded laminate is pressed at 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass X. Laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S are obtained by cutting the obtained laminated glass X at a given position.

[0100] The widths of laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S are 25 mm respectively. Starting from the fact that the lengths of laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S are respectively suitable for the measurement of the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency described later, they are 300 mm.

[0101] When obtaining the above-mentioned laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S, the intermediate film satisfies the following Constitution A or the following Constitution B.

[0102] Constitution A: The change rate A1 shown by the following formula (A1) is less than 10%, and the change rate A2 shown by the following formula (A2) is less than 10%.

[0103] Change rate A1 (%) = (|P A - Q A | / Q A ) × 100 (A1)

[0104] P A : The secondary loss factor of the laminated glass P

[0105] Q A : The secondary loss factor of the laminated glass Q

[0106] Change rate A2 (%) = (|R A - S A | / S A ) × 100 (A2)

[0107] R A : The secondary loss factor of the laminated glass R

[0108] SA : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass S

[0109] Component B: The change rate B1 shown in the following formula (B1) is less than 10%, and the change rate B2 shown in the following formula (B2) is less than 10%.

[0110] Change rate B1 (%) = (|P B -Q B | / Q B )×100 (B1)

[0111] P B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass P

[0112] Q B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass Q

[0113] Change rate B2 (%) = (|R B -S B | / S B )×100 (B2)

[0114] R B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass R

[0115] S B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass S

[0116] In the interlayer film of the present invention, due to having the above-described configuration, in the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the interlayer film, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region can be improved.

[0117] The interlayer film is usually manufactured by extrusion molding. The present inventors found that in the laminated glass prepared using the interlayer film manufactured by extrusion molding (especially the interlayer film having a structure of two or more layers), in the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the interlayer film, sometimes the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region (for example, 1000 Hz or more and 3000 Hz or less) cannot be improved.

[0118] The inventors of the present invention have conducted in-depth research on the above-mentioned reasons and found the following (1) and (2). (1) In the extrusion molding, even if it is possible to mold each layer at a desired thickness ratio in the central portion of the intermediate film, it is sometimes impossible to mold each layer at a desired thickness ratio in the end portions on both sides opposed to each other in the TD direction of the intermediate film. For example, even if the extrusion molding is performed in such a manner that each layer has a uniform thickness, in the end portions on both sides opposed to each other in the TD direction of the intermediate film, the thickness of each layer is likely to change, and as a result, the thickness ratio is likely to change. In particular, in the end portions on both sides opposed to each other in the TD direction of the intermediate film, the thickness of the intermediate layer of the intermediate film is likely to unexpectedly become small. (2) Due to the unexpected change in the thickness ratio of each layer in the end portion of the intermediate film, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region is reduced in the end portion of the laminated glass.

[0119] Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted in-depth research and found that if the intermediate film satisfies the above-mentioned Configuration A or Configuration B, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region can be improved in the end portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the end portion of the intermediate film.

[0120] It should be noted that in order to maintain a high vibration damping property in the high-frequency region of the end portion, it is also considered to cut off the entire portion where each layer of the intermediate film does not have a desired thickness ratio and use the cut intermediate film to manufacture the laminated glass. However, in this method, a large amount of scrap will be generated.

[0121] In contrast, in the intermediate film of the present invention, it is possible to contribute to reducing scrap and improving the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region.

[0122] The intermediate film of the present invention can improve the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region of the end portion of the laminated glass, and thus can improve the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region of the entire laminated glass.

[0123] In the above-mentioned intermediate film, it may satisfy the above-mentioned Configuration A, may satisfy the above-mentioned Configuration B, or may satisfy both the above-mentioned Configuration A and Configuration B. From the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the effects of the present invention, in the above-mentioned intermediate film, it is preferable to satisfy the above-mentioned Configuration B, and more preferably to satisfy both the above-mentioned Configuration A and Configuration B.

[0124] In the intermediate film that satisfies the above-mentioned Configuration A, the change rate A1 represented by the formula (A1) is less than 10%, and the change rate A2 represented by the formula (A2) is less than 10%.

[0125] The change rate A1 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, and most preferably 4% or more, and is preferably 9.7% or less, more preferably 9% or less, still more preferably 8% or less, further preferably 7% or less, particularly preferably 6% or less. When the change rate A1 exceeds the lower limit or is at or above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the production of the intermediate film can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate A1 is at or below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The range of the change rate A1 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0126] In the intermediate film satisfying the composition A, it is preferable that in at least a part of the region in the MD direction, the change rate A1 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the composition A, it is more preferable that when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and the laminated glass Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction, the change rate A1 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the composition A, it is further preferable that when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of two laminated glasses P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and two laminated glasses Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 600 mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate A1 calculated from the average value of the secondary loss coefficients of the measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the composition A, it is particularly preferable that when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of three laminated glasses P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three laminated glasses Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900 mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate A1 calculated from the average value of the secondary loss coefficients of the measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the composition A, it is most preferable that when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of three laminated glasses P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three laminated glasses Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900 mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate A1 calculated from the secondary loss coefficients of the measured intervals respectively satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.

[0127] The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass P (P A ) is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (P A ) is at or above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass P (P A) may be 0.80 or less, may be 0.75 or less, may be 0.70 or less, may be 0.65 or less, may be 0.60 or less, may be 0.55 or less, may be 0.50 or less, may be 0.45 or less. The secondary loss coefficient (P of the laminated glass P A ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0128] The secondary loss coefficient (Q of the laminated glass Q A ) is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more, and further preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (Q A ) is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (Q of the laminated glass Q A ) may be 0.55 or less, may be 0.50 or less, or may be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (Q of the laminated glass Q A ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0129] The change rate A2 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.2% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, most preferably 4% or more, preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 7% or less, further preferably 6.9% or less, and particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate A2 exceeds the lower limit or is above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the production of the intermediate film can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate A2 is below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The range of the change rate A2 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0130] In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Composition A, preferably in at least a part of the region in the MD direction, the change rate A2 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Composition A, more preferably, when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of laminated glass R with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and laminated glass S with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction, the change rate A2 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Composition A, further preferably, when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of two pieces of laminated glass R with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and two pieces of laminated glass S with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from an interval of 600 mm in the MD direction, the change rate A2 calculated from the average value of the secondary loss coefficients of the respective measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Composition A, particularly preferably, when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of three pieces of laminated glass R with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three pieces of laminated glass S with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from an interval of 900 mm in the MD direction, the change rate A2 calculated from the average value of the secondary loss coefficients of the respective measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Composition A, most preferably, when measuring the secondary loss coefficient of three pieces of laminated glass R with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three pieces of laminated glass S with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from an interval of 900 mm in the MD direction, the change rate A2 calculated from the secondary loss coefficients of the respective measured intervals respectively satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.

[0131] The secondary loss coefficient (R A ) of the laminated glass R is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (R A ) is above the above-mentioned lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (R A ) of the laminated glass R can be 0.80 or less, can be 0.75 or less, can be 0.70 or less, can be 0.65 or less, can be 0.60 or less, can be 0.55 or less, can be 0.50 or less, can be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (R A ) of the laminated glass R can be set by appropriately selecting the above-mentioned upper limit value and the above-mentioned lower limit value.

[0132] The secondary loss coefficient (S A ) of the laminated glass S is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more, and further preferably 0.35 or more. The secondary loss coefficient (S A)When it is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (S A ) of the laminated glass S can be 0.55 or less, can be 0.50 or less, or can be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (S A ) of the laminated glass S can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0133] In the interlayer film that satisfies the structure B, the change rate B1 shown in the formula (B1) is less than 10%, and the change rate B2 shown in the formula (B2) is less than 10%.

[0134] The change rate B1 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, most preferably 4% or more, preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 7.9% or less, further preferably 7% or less, particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate B1 exceeds the lower limit or is above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the manufacture of the interlayer film can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate B1 is below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The range of the change rate B1 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0135] In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Constitution B, preferably in at least a part of the region in the MD direction, the change rate B1 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Constitution B, more preferably, when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of laminated glass P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and laminated glass Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction, the change rate B1 satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Constitution B, more preferably, when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of two pieces of laminated glass P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and two pieces of laminated glass Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 600-mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate B1 calculated from the average value of the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Constitution B, particularly preferably, when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of three pieces of laminated glass P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three pieces of laminated glass Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900-mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate B1 calculated from the average value of the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured intervals satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the above-mentioned Constitution B, most preferably, when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of three pieces of laminated glass P with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three pieces of laminated glass Q with a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900-mm interval in the MD direction, the change rate B1 calculated from the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured intervals respectively satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.

[0136] The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass P (P B ) is preferably 600 Hz or more, more preferably 700 Hz or more, further preferably 720 Hz or more, particularly preferably 760 Hz or more, preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, and further preferably 840 Hz or less. When the secondary resonance frequency (P B ) is above the above-mentioned lower limit and below the above-mentioned upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass P (P B ) can be set by appropriately selecting the above-mentioned upper limit value and lower limit value.

[0137] The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass Q (Q B ) is preferably 600 Hz or more, more preferably 700 Hz or more, further preferably 720 Hz or more, particularly preferably 760 Hz or more, preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, and further preferably 840 Hz or less. When the secondary resonance frequency (Q B ) is above the above-mentioned lower limit and below the above-mentioned upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass Q (Q B) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0138] The change rate B2 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, and most preferably 4% or more, and preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 7.5% or less, further preferably 7% or less, and particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate B2 exceeds the lower limit or is the lower limit or more, generation of scraps during production of the intermediate film can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate B2 is the upper limit or less, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. The range of the change rate B2 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0139] In the intermediate film satisfying the constitution B, preferably in at least a part of the region in the MD direction, the change rate B2 satisfies the lower limit or the upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the constitution B, more preferably when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of the laminated glass R having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and the laminated glass S having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction, the change rate B2 satisfies the lower limit or the upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the constitution B, more preferably when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of two laminated glasses R having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and two laminated glasses S having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 600 mm section in the MD direction, the change rate B2 calculated from the average value of the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured sections satisfies the lower limit or the upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the constitution B, particularly preferably when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of three laminated glasses R having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three laminated glasses S having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900 mm section in the MD direction, the change rate B2 calculated from the average value of the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured sections satisfies the lower limit or the upper limit. In the intermediate film satisfying the constitution B, most preferably when measuring the secondary resonance frequencies of three laminated glasses R having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction and three laminated glasses S having a length of 300 mm in the MD direction prepared from a 900 mm section in the MD direction, the change rate B2 calculated from the secondary resonance frequencies of the respective measured sections satisfies the lower limit or the upper limit.

[0140] The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass R (R B ) is preferably 600 Hz or more, more preferably 700 Hz or more, further preferably 720 Hz or more, particularly preferably 760 Hz or more, and preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, and further preferably 840 Hz or less. The secondary resonance frequency (R B)When it is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The secondary resonance frequency (R B ) of the laminated glass R can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0141] The secondary resonance frequency (S B ) of the laminated glass S is preferably 600 Hz or more, more preferably 700 Hz or more, further preferably 720 Hz or more, particularly preferably 760 Hz or more, preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, further preferably 840 Hz or less. When the secondary resonance frequency (S B ) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the secondary resonance frequency (S B ) of the laminated glass S can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0142] The secondary resonance frequencies and secondary loss factors of the laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S can be measured as follows. It should be noted that the secondary resonance frequencies and secondary loss factors of the laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S can be measured simultaneously.

[0143] Store the laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S in an environment of temperature 23 ± 2°C and humidity 25 ± 5% for 4 weeks. In a constant temperature bath at 20°C, use a vibration generator for damping tests (such as "Pertable Vibration Exciter Type4809" manufactured by Spectris or its equivalent) to excite the stored laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S. Use a mechanical impedance measuring device (such as "75VA Power Amplifier Type2718" manufactured by Spectris or its equivalent) to amplify the obtained vibration characteristics and perform FFT analysis on the vibration spectrum, thereby obtaining the secondary resonance frequency and secondary loss factor. It should be noted that as the analysis software, "PULSE LabShop" (or its equivalent) manufactured by Spectris can be used.

[0144] As a method for appropriately obtaining the interlayer film that satisfies the above-mentioned Configuration A or Configuration B, for example, there can be cited: (1) a method of cutting a given position from the end in the TD direction in an interlayer film (interlayer film before cutting) manufactured by extrusion molding; (2) a method of obtaining an interlayer film that satisfies Configuration C described later, etc.

[0145] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0146] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 1 it, a cross-section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 11 is shown.

[0147] Figure 1 The interlayer film 11 shown is a multilayer interlayer film having a structure of two or more layers. The interlayer film 11 is used to obtain laminated glass. The interlayer film 11 is an interlayer film for laminated glass. The interlayer film 11 includes a first layer 1, a second layer 2, and a third layer 3. The second layer 2 is disposed and laminated on the first surface 1a of the first layer 1. The third layer 3 is disposed and laminated on the second surface 1b of the first layer 1 opposite to the first surface 1a. The first layer 1 is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are respectively protective layers and are surface layers in the present embodiment. The first layer 1 is disposed between the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 and is sandwiched therebetween. Therefore, the interlayer film 11 has a multilayer structure (second layer 2 / first layer 1 / third layer 3) in which the second layer 2, the first layer 1, and the third layer 3 are laminated in sequence.

[0148] The interlayer film 11 has a first end 11a and a second end 11b. The first end 11a and the second end 11b are opposite ends on both sides in the TD direction of the interlayer film 11. In Figure 1 it, the left-right direction is the TD direction, and the front-back depth direction is the MD direction.

[0149] The end face of the first end 11a has the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, and the end face of the third layer 3. The end face of the first end 11a is composed of the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, and the end face of the third layer 3. The end face of the second end 11b has the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, and the end face of the third layer 3. The end face of the second end 11b is composed of the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, and the end face of the third layer 3.

[0150] The interlayer film 11 is an interlayer film having a rectangular cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction. The thickness of the interlayer film 11 is substantially uniform. The thickness of the interlayer film 11 at the first end 11a is the same as the thickness of the interlayer film 11 at the second end 11b. The first layer 1 sequentially has a region where the thickness increases, a region where the thickness is substantially uniform, and a region where the thickness decreases from the first end 11a toward the second end 11b. The second layer 2 and the third layer 3 respectively sequentially have a region where the thickness decreases, a region where the thickness is substantially uniform, and a region where the thickness increases from the first end 11a toward the second end 11b.

[0151] The portion P of the interlayer film 11 from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the first end 11a toward the second end 11b is disposed between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and the laminated glass P can be obtained. The portion Q of the interlayer film 11 from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the first end 11a toward the second end 11b is disposed between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and the laminated glass Q can be obtained. The portion R of the interlayer film 11 from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the second end 11b toward the first end 11a is disposed between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and the laminated glass R can be obtained. The portion S of the interlayer film 11 from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the second end 11b toward the first end 11a is disposed between two pieces of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and the laminated glass S can be obtained.

[0152] In the interlayer film 11, the composition A or the composition B is satisfied.

[0153] It should be noted that other layers may be respectively disposed between the second layer 2 and the first layer 1, and between the first layer 1 and the third layer 3. As the other layers, layers containing polyethylene terephthalate and the like can be cited. It is preferable that the second layer 2 and the first layer 1, and the first layer 1 and the third layer 3 are directly laminated respectively.

[0154] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the interlayer film for laminated glass according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 2 the cross-section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 11A is shown.

[0155] Figure 2 The shown interlayer film 11A is a multi-layer interlayer film having a structure of two or more layers. The interlayer film 11A is used to obtain laminated glass. The interlayer film 11A is an interlayer film for laminated glass. The interlayer film 11A includes a first layer 1A, a second layer 2A, and a third layer 3A. The second layer 2A is disposed and laminated on the first surface 1Aa of the first layer 1A. The third layer 3A is disposed and laminated on the second surface 1Ab of the first layer 1A opposite to the first surface 1Aa. The first layer 1A is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2A and the third layer 3A are respectively protective layers, and are surface layers in the present embodiment. The first layer 1A is disposed between the second layer 2A and the third layer 3A and is sandwiched therebetween. Therefore, the interlayer film 11A has a multi-layer structure (second layer 2A / first layer 1A / third layer 3A) formed by laminating the second layer 2A, the first layer 1A, and the third layer 3A in sequence.

[0156] The interlayer film 11A has a first end 11a and a second end 11b. The first end 11a and the second end 11b are opposite ends on both sides in the TD direction of the interlayer film 11A. In Figure 2Among them, the left - right direction is the TD direction, and the near - front - depth direction is the MD direction.

[0157] The end face of the first end portion 11a has the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, and the end face of the third layer 3A. The end face of the first end portion 11a is composed of the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, and the end face of the third layer 3A. The end face of the second end portion 11b has the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, and the end face of the third layer 3A. The end face of the second end portion 11b is composed of the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, and the end face of the third layer 3A.

[0158] The intermediate film 11A is an intermediate film whose cross - sectional shape in the thickness direction is wedge - shaped. The thickness of the intermediate film 11A is not uniform. The thickness of the intermediate film 11A at the first end portion 11a is different from the thickness of the intermediate film 11A at the second end portion 11b. The intermediate film 11A at the second end portion 11b is thicker than the intermediate film 11A at the first end portion 11a. The first layer 1A has a region with increasing thickness, a region with substantially uniform thickness, and a region with decreasing thickness in sequence from the first end portion 11a toward the second end portion 11b. The second layer 2A and the third layer 3A each have a first region with increasing thickness, a second region with increasing thickness, and a third region with increasing thickness in sequence from the first end portion 11a toward the second end portion 11b. The increase amount of the thickness of the second layer 2A in the first region is different from the increase amount of the thickness of the second layer 2A in the second region. The increase amount of the thickness of the second layer 2A in the second region is different from the increase amount of the thickness of the second layer 2A in the third region. The increase amount of the thickness of the third layer 3A in the first region is different from the increase amount of the thickness of the third layer 3A in the second region. The increase amount of the thickness of the third layer 3A in the second region is different from the increase amount of the thickness of the third layer 3A in the third region.

[0159] By disposing the portion P of the intermediate film 11A from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the first end portion 11a toward the second end portion 11b between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the laminated glass P can be obtained. By disposing the portion Q of the intermediate film 11A from the position 100 mm to 125 mm from the first end portion 11a toward the second end portion 11b between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the laminated glass Q can be obtained. By disposing the portion R of the intermediate film 11A from the position 0 mm to 25 mm from the second end portion 11b toward the first end portion 11a between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the laminated glass R can be obtained. By disposing the portion S of the intermediate film 11A from the position 100 mm to 125 mm from the second end portion 11b toward the first end portion 11a between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the laminated glass S can be obtained.

[0160] In the intermediate film 11A, the above-described Configuration A or the above-described Configuration B is satisfied.

[0161] The cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the intermediate film may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The wedge shape may be a shape in which the thickness changes at a constant ratio from one end of the intermediate film toward the other end, or may be a shape in which the thickness changes at a non-constant ratio from one end of the intermediate film toward the other end. The thickness of the intermediate film at the first end may be the same as or different from the thickness of the intermediate film at the second end. The thickness of the intermediate film at the first end may be greater than or less than the thickness of the intermediate film at the second end.

[0162] The cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the first layer may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The thickness of the first layer at the first end may be the same as or different from the thickness of the first layer at the second end. The thickness of the first layer at the first end may be greater than or less than the thickness of the first layer at the second end.

[0163] The cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the second layer may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The thickness of the second layer at the first end may be the same as or different from the thickness of the second layer at the second end. The thickness of the second layer at the first end may be greater than or less than the thickness of the second layer at the second end.

[0164] The cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the third layer may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The thickness of the third layer at the first end may be the same as or different from the thickness of the third layer at the second end. The thickness of the third layer at the first end may be greater than or less than the thickness of the third layer at the second end.

[0165] The first layer may be the surface layer of the intermediate film or the intermediate layer of the intermediate film. In the case where the intermediate film has a structure of three or more layers, the first layer is the intermediate layer of the intermediate film. The second layer may be the surface layer of the intermediate film or the intermediate layer of the intermediate film. The second layer is preferably the surface layer of the intermediate film. The third layer may be the surface layer of the intermediate film or the intermediate layer of the intermediate film. The third layer is preferably the surface layer of the intermediate film. The second layer and the third layer are each preferably the surface layer of the intermediate film.

[0166] The intermediate film preferably has layers with different glass transition temperatures from each other. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the first layer is different from the glass transition temperature of the second layer. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the first layer is different from the glass transition temperature of the third layer. The glass transition temperature of the second layer and the glass transition temperature of the third layer may be the same or different.

[0167] From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass, the glass transition temperature of the first layer is preferably lower than the glass transition temperature of the second layer. From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass, the glass transition temperature of the first layer is preferably lower than the glass transition temperature of the third layer. From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass, the first layer is preferably the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature. From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass, the second layer is preferably the layer with the highest glass transition temperature, and more preferably, the second layer and the third layer are respectively the layer with the highest glass transition temperature.

[0168] The glass transition temperature of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature is preferably 32°C or higher, more preferably 35°C or higher, further preferably 37°C or higher, particularly preferably 38°C or higher, preferably 50°C or lower, more preferably 45°C or lower, and further preferably 40°C or lower. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit, it is easy to satisfy Configuration B. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the workability of the intermediate film can be improved, and in addition, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the glass transition temperature of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0169] The glass transition temperature of the first layer is preferably -20°C or higher, more preferably -10°C or higher, further preferably 0°C or higher, preferably 20°C or lower, more preferably 10°C or lower, and further preferably 5°C or lower. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit, it is easy to satisfy Configuration B. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. When the glass transition temperature is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the workability of the intermediate film can be improved, and in addition, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the glass transition temperature of the first layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0170] The glass transition temperature of the second layer is preferably 32 °C or higher, more preferably 35 °C or higher, further preferably 37 °C or higher, particularly preferably 38 °C or higher, preferably 50 °C or lower, more preferably 45 °C or lower, and further preferably 40 °C or lower. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit, it is easy to satisfy Configuration B. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit and at or below the upper limit, the workability of the interlayer film can be improved, and in addition, the sound insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the glass transition temperature of the second layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0171] The glass transition temperature of the third layer is preferably 32 °C or higher, more preferably 35 °C or higher, further preferably 37 °C or higher, particularly preferably 38 °C or higher, preferably 50 °C or lower, more preferably 45 °C or lower, and further preferably 40 °C or lower. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit, it is easy to satisfy Configuration B. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. When the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit and at or below the upper limit, the workability of the interlayer film can be improved, and in addition, the sound insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the glass transition temperature of the third layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0172] The tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature is preferably 1.2 or higher, more preferably 1.3 or higher, further preferably 1.4 or higher, and particularly preferably 2.0 or higher. When the tanδ is at or above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature can be 4.0 or lower, or 3.0 or lower. The range of the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0173] The tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the first layer is preferably 1.2 or higher, more preferably 1.3 or higher, further preferably 1.4 or higher, and particularly preferably 2.0 or higher. When the tanδ is at or above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the first layer can be 4.0 or lower, or 3.0 or lower. The range of the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the first layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0174] The tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the second layer is preferably 0.40 or more, more preferably 0.45 or more, and still more preferably 0.50 or more. When the tanδ is above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the second layer can be 4.0 or less, or can be 3.0 or less. The range of the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the second layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0175] The tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the third layer is preferably 0.40 or more, more preferably 0.45 or more, and still more preferably 0.50 or more. When the tanδ is above the lower limit, the vibration damping property of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the third layer can be 4.0 or less, or can be 3.0 or less. The range of the tanδ at the glass transition temperature of the third layer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0176] The glass transition temperature and tanδ are obtained by viscoelasticity measurement. Specifically, the viscoelasticity measurement is carried out as follows.

[0177] The intermediate film is sandwiched between two polyethylene terephthalate films (PET films, such as "Lumirror H10" manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) with a thickness of 100 μm to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate is sandwiched between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, placed in a rubber bag, and degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes. After degassing, it is transferred to an oven in a degassed state, and further kept at 90 °C for 30 minutes and subjected to vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. After pre-bonding, the laminate is bonded at 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa in an autoclave for 20 minutes to obtain a test piece. The test piece is stored in an environment with a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a humidity of 25 ± 5% for 4 weeks. After storage, the green glass and the PET film are peeled off, and the viscoelasticity is measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device (a viscoelasticity measuring device "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments or its equivalent). A parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm is used as a jig, and the measurement is carried out in a shear mode, under the conditions of a temperature decreasing rate of 3 °C / minute from 100 °C to -20 °C, and a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 1%. In the obtained measurement results, the peak temperature of the loss tangent is set as the glass transition temperature Tg (°C), and the value of the loss tangent at the glass transition temperature is set as tanδ at the glass transition temperature. It should be noted that in the case where the intermediate film has multiple layers, the test piece is prepared in an integrated state without separation, and the measurement is carried out, and the peaks of tanδ and the glass transition temperature etc. derived from each layer are read from the measurement results. In addition, in the case of laminated glass, the laminated glass is cooled with liquid nitrogen etc. and then the laminated glass component is peeled off from the intermediate film, and the test piece is prepared by the above method using the peeled intermediate film. The viscoelasticity measurement is carried out using this test piece.

[0178] The end face of the first end portion preferably has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature, and more preferably has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature and the end face of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature. The end face of the second end portion preferably has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature, and more preferably has the end face of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature and the end face of the layer with the highest glass transition temperature. In this case, it is easy to appropriately satisfy the Constitution A and the Constitution B.

[0179] The end face of the first end portion preferably has the end face of the first layer, more preferably has the end face of the first layer and the end face of the second layer, and further preferably has the end face of the first layer, the end face of the second layer and the end face of the third layer. The end face of the second end portion preferably has the end face of the first layer, more preferably has the end face of the first layer and the end face of the second layer, and further preferably has the end face of the first layer, the end face of the second layer and the end face of the third layer. In this case, it is easy to appropriately satisfy the Constitution A and the Constitution B.

[0180] From the viewpoint of suitably satisfying the above-described Configuration A and Configuration B, the intermediate film preferably has the following Configuration C.

[0181] Configuration C: The change rate C1 represented by the following formula (C1) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less, and the change rate C2 represented by the following formula (C2) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less.

[0182] Change rate C1 (%) = (|T P - T Q | / T Q ) × 100 (C1)

[0183] T P : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0184] T Q : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0185] Change rate C2 (%) = (|T R - T S | / T S ) × 100 (C2)

[0186] T R : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0187] T S : The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0188] The change rate C1 preferably exceeds 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 5% or more, further preferably 10% or more, particularly preferably 14.3% or more, and preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 36% or less, further preferably 30% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less. In this case, it is easy to suitably satisfy the above-described Configuration A and Configuration B. The range of the change rate C1 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0189] The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end is defined as ratio (T P ). The ratio (T P ) is “(the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end) / (the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end).” The ratio (T P ) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, further preferably 0.09 or more, particularly preferably 0.13 or more, preferably 0.27 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, and further preferably 0.16 or less. When the ratio (T P ) is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. If the ratio (T P ) is below the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the intermediate film can be further improved. In addition, when manufacturing the laminated glass, accidental displacement of the glass under high-temperature conditions such as in an autoclave can be suppressed. The range of the ratio (T P ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0190] The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end is defined as ratio (T Q ). The ratio (T Q ) is “(the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end) / (the thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end).” The ratio (T Q ) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, further preferably 0.09 or more, particularly preferably 0.13 or more, preferably 0.27 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, and further preferably 0.16 or less. When the ratio (T Q ) is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. If the ratio (T Q ) is below the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the intermediate film can be further improved. In addition, when manufacturing the laminated glass, accidental displacement of the glass under high-temperature conditions such as in an autoclave can be suppressed. The range of the ratio (T Q ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0191] The change rate C2 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 5% or more, further preferably 10% or more, particularly preferably 14.3% or more, preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 36% or less, further preferably 30% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less. In this case, it is easy to appropriately satisfy the component A and the component B. The range of the change rate C2 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0192] The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end is defined as ratio (T R ). The ratio (T R ) is "(the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end) / (the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end)". The ratio (T R ) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, still more preferably 0.09 or more, particularly preferably 0.13 or more, preferably 0.27 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, still more preferably 0.16 or less. When the ratio (T R ) is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. If the ratio (T R ) is below the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the interlayer film can be further improved. In addition, when manufacturing the laminated glass, accidental displacement of the glass under high-temperature conditions such as in an autoclave can be suppressed. The range of the ratio (T R ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0193] The ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end is defined as ratio (T S ). The ratio (T S ) is "(the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end) / (the thickness of the interlayer film at the position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end)". The ratio (T S)Preferably, it is 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, further preferably 0.09 or more, particularly preferably 0.13 or more, preferably 0.27 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, further preferably 0.16 or less. The ratio (T S ) When it is above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. If the ratio (T S ) is below the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the interlayer film can be further improved. In addition, when manufacturing laminated glass, accidental displacement of the glass under high-temperature conditions such as an autoclave can be suppressed. The range of the ratio (T S ) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0194] The maximum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.15 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, further preferably 0.5 mm or more, particularly preferably 0.8 mm or more, preferably 4 mm or less, more preferably 3.8 mm or less, further preferably 3.6 mm or less. The range of the maximum thickness of the interlayer film can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0195] From the viewpoint of practical aspects and of sufficiently improving the adhesion and penetration resistance, the maximum thickness of the surface layer in the interlayer film is preferably 20 μm or more, more preferably 25 μm or more, further preferably 50 μm or more, preferably 2000 μm or less, more preferably 1800 μm or less. The range of the maximum thickness of the surface layer in the interlayer film can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0196] From the viewpoint of practical aspects and of sufficiently improving the penetration resistance, the maximum thickness of the layer (intermediate layer) disposed between the two surface layers in the interlayer film is preferably 40 μm or more, more preferably 60 μm or more, further preferably 80 μm or more, preferably 200 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or less. The range of the maximum thickness of the layer (intermediate layer) disposed between the two surface layers in the interlayer film can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0197] When the thickness of the interlayer film at the first end portion is different from the thickness of the interlayer film at the second end portion, the thickness of the interlayer film at the second end portion is preferably greater than the thickness of the interlayer film at the first end portion, more preferably greater than 0.01 mm or more, further preferably greater than 0.05 mm or more, particularly preferably greater than 0.1 mm or more, preferably greater than 5 mm or less, more preferably greater than 4.8 mm or less, further preferably greater than 4.6 mm or less. The difference between the thickness of the interlayer film at the second end portion and the thickness of the interlayer film at the first end portion can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0198] In the case of laminated glass used as a head-up display (HUD), from the viewpoint of making the display even better, the interlayer film preferably has a portion with a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction.

[0199] In order to suppress ghosting, the wedge angle θ of the interlayer film can be appropriately set according to the installation angle of the laminated glass. The wedge angle θ is the wedge angle of the entire interlayer film.

[0200] The wedge angle θ of the interlayer film is the interior angle at the intersection of a straight line connecting the surface portion (first surface portion) on one side of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness portion and the minimum thickness portion of the interlayer film and a straight line connecting the surface portion (second surface portion) on the other side of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness portion and the minimum thickness portion of the interlayer film.

[0201] It should be noted that in the case where there are multiple maximum thickness portions, multiple minimum thickness portions, a region where the maximum thickness portion is constant, or a region where the minimum thickness portion is constant, the maximum thickness portion and the minimum thickness portion used to calculate the wedge angle θ are selected in such a way that the calculated wedge angle θ is the largest.

[0202] From the viewpoint of more effectively suppressing ghosting, the wedge angle θ of the interlayer film is preferably 0.05 mrad or more, more preferably 0.1 mrad (0.00575 degrees) or more, and further preferably 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more. In addition, when the wedge angle θ is above the lower limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a large installation angle of the windshield such as trucks and buses can be obtained. The range of the wedge angle θ of the interlayer film can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value described below.

[0203] From the viewpoint of more effectively suppressing ghosting, the wedge angle θ of the interlayer film is preferably 2 mrad (0.1146 degrees) or less, more preferably 0.7 mrad (0.0401 degrees) or less. In addition, when the wedge angle θ is below the upper limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a small installation angle of the windshield such as sports cars can be obtained. The range of the wedge angle θ of the interlayer film can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0204] Examples of the measuring instrument used for measuring the wedge angle (θ) of the interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film include the contact thickness gauge "TOF-4R" (manufactured by Yamamoto Electric Co., Ltd.).

[0205] The thickness of the interlayer film is measured using the above-mentioned measuring instrument at a film transport speed of 2.15 mm / minute to 2.25 mm / minute in such a way that the shortest distance is from the first end to the second end.

[0206] In addition, examples of the measuring instrument used for measuring the thickness of each layer of the intermediate film include "SE-3000" (manufactured by SELMIC Co., Ltd.).

[0207] The thickness of each layer of the intermediate film can be measured as follows. Using a razor, a cutter, etc., cut the intermediate film in the thickness direction at the measurement position. After observing the cut surface of the intermediate film using the measuring instrument, measure the thickness of each layer using the calculation software in the attached software.

[0208] Examples of the measuring instrument used for measuring the wedge angle (θ) of the intermediate film, the thickness of the intermediate film, and the thickness of each layer of the intermediate film after forming the intermediate film into laminated glass include the non-contact multi-layer film thickness measuring instrument "OPTIGAUGE" (manufactured by LUMETRICS Co., Ltd.). When using the measuring instrument, the thickness of the intermediate film can be measured in the state of laminated glass.

[0209] The intermediate film is suitable for use as laminated glass for a head-up display (HUD). The intermediate film is preferably an intermediate film for HUD. The intermediate film preferably has a display corresponding area corresponding to the display area of the HUD.

[0210] Hereinafter, the details of the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer constituting the intermediate film of the present invention, and the details of each component contained in the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer will be described.

[0211] (Resin)

[0212] The intermediate film preferably contains a resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (0)). The intermediate film preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as thermoplastic resin (0)) as the resin (0). The intermediate film preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as polyvinyl acetal resin (0)) as the thermoplastic resin (0). The first layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (1)). The first layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as thermoplastic resin (1)) as the resin (1). The resin in the first layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. The first layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as polyvinyl acetal resin (1)) as the thermoplastic resin (1). The second layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (2)). The second layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as thermoplastic resin (2)) as the resin (2). The resin in the second layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. The second layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2). The third layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (3)). The third layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as thermoplastic resin (3)) as the resin (3). The resin in the third layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. The third layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as polyvinyl acetal resin (3)) as the thermoplastic resin (3). The resin (1), the resin (2) and the resin (3) may be the same or different. The thermoplastic resin (1), the thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3) may be the same or different. From the aspect of further improving sound insulation, the resin (1) is preferably different from the resin (2) and the resin (3). From the aspect of further improving sound insulation, the thermoplastic resin (1) is preferably different from the thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3). The polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may be the same or different. From the aspect of further improving sound insulation, the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably different from the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3). The resin (0), the resin (1), the resin (2) and the resin (3) may each be used alone or in combination of two or more. The thermoplastic resin (0), the thermoplastic resin (1), the thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3) may each be used alone or in combination of two or more.The polyvinyl acetal resin (0), the polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the polyvinyl acetal resin (2), and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may each be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

[0213] Examples of the resin include cured products of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.

[0214] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyvinyl acetal resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resins, polyurethane resins, (meth)acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, ionomer resins, and polyvinyl alcohol resins. Thermoplastic resins other than these may also be used.

[0215] The polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde. The polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably an acetalized product of polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol is obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. The saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is usually in the range of 70 mol% to 99.9 mol%.

[0216] The average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, still more preferably 1500 or more, further preferably 1600 or more, particularly preferably 2600 or more, most preferably 2700 or more, and preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, still more preferably 3500 or less. When the average degree of polymerization is at least the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. When the average degree of polymerization is at most the upper limit, the molding of the interlayer film becomes easy. The range of the average degree of polymerization can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0217] The average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by the method according to JIS K6726 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Alcohol".

[0218] The number of carbon atoms of the acetal group contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited. The aldehyde used in producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited. The number of carbon atoms of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4. When the number of carbon atoms of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin is 3 or more, the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film is sufficiently lowered. The number of carbon atoms of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin may be 4 or 5.

[0219] The aldehyde is not particularly limited. Generally, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used. Examples of the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butanal, isobutanal, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutanal, n-hexanal, n-octanal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. The aldehyde is preferably propionaldehyde, n-butanal, isobutanal, n-hexanal or n-valeraldehyde, more preferably propionaldehyde, n-butanal or isobutanal, and further preferably n-butanal. The aldehyde may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0220] The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) is preferably 15 mol% or more, more preferably 18 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or less, and more preferably 35 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is at least the lower limit, the adhesion of the interlayer film is further improved. In addition, when the hydroxyl group content is at most the upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film becomes high and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy. The range of the hydroxyl group content can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0221] The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 17 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, further preferably 22 mol% or more, preferably 28 mol% or less, more preferably 27 mol% or less, further preferably 25 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 24 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is at least the lower limit, the mechanical strength of the interlayer film is further improved. In particular, when the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 20 mol% or more, the reaction efficiency is high and the productivity is excellent. In addition, when it is 28 mol% or less, the sound insulation of the laminated glass is further improved. In addition, when the hydroxyl group content is at most the upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film becomes high and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy. The range of the hydroxyl group content can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0222] The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 28 mol% or more, still more preferably 30 mol% or more, even more preferably 31.5 mol% or more, further preferably 32 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 33 mol% or more. The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 37 mol% or less, further preferably 36.5 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 36 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is at or above the lower limit, the adhesion of the intermediate film is further improved. In addition, when the hydroxyl group content is at or below the upper limit, the flexibility of the intermediate film is increased and the handling of the intermediate film becomes easier. The range of the hydroxyl group content can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0223] From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation property, the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably lower than the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2). From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation property, the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably lower than the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (3). Let the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) be absolute value A, and let the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) be absolute value B. From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation property, absolute value A and absolute value B are each preferably 1 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, further preferably 9 mol% or more, particularly preferably 10 mol% or more, and most preferably 12 mol% or more. Absolute value A and absolute value B are each preferably 20 mol% or less. The ranges of absolute value A and absolute value B can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0224] The hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is the value expressed as a percentage of the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups bonded to the hydroxyl groups by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The amount of ethylene groups bonded to the hydroxyl groups can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0225] The acetylation degree (acetyl group content) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, still more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, and still more preferably 20 mol% or less. When the acetylation degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility of the polyvinyl acetal resin with the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetylation degree is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes higher. The range of the acetylation degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0226] The acetylation degree (acetyl group content) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more, still more preferably 7 mol% or more, further preferably 9 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, still more preferably 24 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 20 mol% or less. When the acetylation degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility of the polyvinyl acetal resin with the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetylation degree is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes higher. In particular, when the acetylation degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 0.1 mol% or more and 25 mol% or less, the penetration resistance is excellent. The range of the acetylation degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0227] The acetylation degrees (acetyl group contents) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) are preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, preferably 10 mol% or less, and more preferably 2 mol% or less. When the acetylation degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility of the polyvinyl acetal resin with the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetylation degree is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes higher. The range of the acetylation degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0228] The acetylation degree is a value expressed as a percentage of the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups bonded to acetyl groups by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The amount of ethylene groups bonded to acetyl groups can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0229] The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) (the butyralization degree in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably 63 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less, and further preferably 70 mol% or less. When the acetalization degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetalization degree is below the upper limit, the reaction time required for manufacturing the polyvinyl acetal resin becomes shorter. The range of the acetalization degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0230] The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) (the butyralization degree in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 47 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, and further preferably 75 mol% or less. When the acetalization degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetalization degree is below the upper limit, the reaction time required for manufacturing the polyvinyl acetal resin becomes shorter. The range of the acetalization degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0231] The acetalization degrees of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) (the butyralization degree in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) are preferably 55 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or less, and more preferably 71 mol% or less. When the acetalization degree is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes higher. When the acetalization degree is below the upper limit, the reaction time required for manufacturing the polyvinyl acetal resin becomes shorter. The range of the acetalization degree can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0232] The acetalization degree is obtained as follows. First, obtain the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups bonded to hydroxyl groups and the amount of ethylene groups bonded to acetyl groups from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. Divide the obtained value by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain to obtain the mole fraction. The value of expressing this mole fraction as a percentage is the acetalization degree.

[0233] It should be noted that the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl amount), acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and acetylation degree are preferably calculated from the results measured by the method according to JIS K6728 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral". However, the measurement based on ASTM D1396 - 92 can also be used. In the case where the polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral resin, the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl amount), the acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and the acetylation degree can be calculated from the results measured by the method according to JIS K6728 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0234] In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the intermediate film, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, further preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more. In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the intermediate film, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the resin of the intermediate film is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. The range of the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0235] In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the first layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, further preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more. In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the first layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the resin of the first layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. The range of the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0236] In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the second layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, further preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more. In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the second layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the resin of the second layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. The range of the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0237] In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the third layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, further preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more. In 100% by weight of the resin contained in the third layer, the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the resin of the third layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. The range of the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0238] Plasticizer

[0239] From the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion of the interlayer film, the interlayer film preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as plasticizer (0)). The first layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as plasticizer (1)). The second layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as plasticizer (2)). The third layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as plasticizer (3)). When the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is a polyvinyl acetal resin, the interlayer film (each layer) particularly preferably contains a plasticizer. The layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a plasticizer.

[0240] The plasticizer is not particularly limited. As the plasticizer, conventionally known plasticizers can be used. The plasticizer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0241] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as mono-carboxylic acid esters and poly-carboxylic acid esters, organic phosphoric acid plasticizers, and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. The plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer. The plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.

[0242] Examples of the mono-carboxylic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by the reaction of a glycol with a mono-carboxylic acid. Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. Examples of the mono-carboxylic acid include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and benzoic acid.

[0243] Examples of the poly-carboxylic acid ester include ester compounds of a poly-carboxylic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure with 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the poly-carboxylic acid include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.

[0244] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylpropionate), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), triethylene glycol dioctoate, triethylene glycol bis(n-octoate), triethylene glycol bis(n-heptanoate), tetraethylene glycol bis(n-heptanoate), dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), 1,3-propanediol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), 1,4-butanediol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), diethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), diethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), dipropylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylvalerate), tetraethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), diethylene glycol dioctoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacic alkyd, and a mixture of phosphate ester and adipate ester. As the organic ester plasticizer, organic ester plasticizers other than these can be used. In addition, as the adipate ester, other adipate esters than the above-mentioned adipate esters can also be used.

[0245] Examples of the organic phosphoric acid plasticizer include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecyl phenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.

[0246] The plasticizer is preferably a diester plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).

[0247] [Chemical formula 1]

[0248]

[0249] In the formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an ethylene group, an isopropylidene group, or a n-propylene group, and p represents an integer of 3 to 10. R1 and R2 in the formula (1) are each preferably an organic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an organic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0250] The plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate) (3GH), or triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylpropionate). The plasticizer more preferably contains triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO) or triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate) (3GH), and further preferably contains triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO).

[0251] With respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin (0) contained in the intermediate film, the content of the plasticizer contained in the intermediate film is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, preferably 45 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 38 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 36 parts by weight or less. When the content of the plasticizer is at or above the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. When the content of the plasticizer is at or below the upper limit, it is easy to adjust the glass transition temperature of the intermediate film to the above range. In addition, the transparency of the intermediate film is further improved. The range of the content of the plasticizer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0252] With respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin (1) contained in the first layer, the content of the plasticizer (1) contained in the first layer is defined as content (1). The content (1) is preferably 50 parts by weight or more, more preferably 55 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 60 parts by weight or more, preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 90 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 85 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80 parts by weight or less. If the content (1) is at or above the lower limit, the flexibility of the intermediate film becomes higher and the handling of the intermediate film becomes easier. When the content (1) is at or below the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. The range of the content (1) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0253] With respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin (2) contained in the second layer, the content of the plasticizer (2) contained in the second layer is defined as content (2). With respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin (3) contained in the third layer, the content of the plasticizer (3) contained in the third layer is defined as content (3). The content (2) and the content (3) are each preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, further preferably 20 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 24 parts by weight or more, most preferably 25 parts by weight or more, preferably 45 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 35 parts by weight or less, particularly preferably 34 parts by weight or less, and most preferably 33 parts by weight or less. If the content (2) and the content (3) are at or above the lower limit, the flexibility of the intermediate film becomes higher and the handling of the intermediate film becomes easier. When the content (2) and the content (3) are at or below the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. The range of the content (2) and the range of the content (3) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0254] In order to improve the sound insulation of the laminated glass, the content (1) is preferably more than the content (2), and the content (1) is preferably more than the content (3).

[0255] The absolute value of the difference between the content (2) and the content (1), and the absolute value of the difference between the content (3) and the content (1) are each preferably 10 parts by weight or more, more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, further preferably 20 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 25 parts by weight or more, preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 75 parts by weight or less, still further preferably 70 parts by weight or less, still further preferably 65 parts by weight or less, still further preferably 60 parts by weight or less, further preferably 55 parts by weight or less, still further preferably 50 parts by weight or less, particularly preferably 45 parts by weight or less, and most preferably 40 parts by weight or less. When the absolute value of the difference is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the absolute value of the difference can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0256] (Heat-insulating substance)

[0257] The interlayer film preferably contains a heat-insulating substance. The first layer preferably contains a heat-insulating substance. The second layer preferably contains a heat-insulating substance. The third layer preferably contains a heat-insulating substance. Only 1 type of heat-insulating substance can be used, or 2 or more types can be used in combination.

[0258] The heat-insulating substance preferably contains at least 1 component X selected from phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracene phthalocyanine compounds, or contains heat-insulating particles. In this case, the heat-insulating substance can contain both the component X and the heat-insulating particles.

[0259] Component X:

[0260] The interlayer film preferably contains at least 1 component X selected from phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracene phthalocyanine compounds. The first layer preferably contains the component X. The second layer preferably contains the component X. The third layer preferably contains the component X. The component X is a heat-insulating substance. Only 1 type of component X can be used, or 2 or more types can be used in combination.

[0261] The component X is not particularly limited. As the component X, conventionally known phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracene phthalocyanine compounds can be used.

[0262] Examples of the component X include phthalocyanine, derivatives of phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine, derivatives of naphthalocyanine, anthracene phthalocyanine, and derivatives of anthracene phthalocyanine. The phthalocyanine compound and the derivative of phthalocyanine preferably have a phthalocyanine skeleton, respectively. The naphthalocyanine compound and the derivative of naphthalocyanine preferably have a naphthalocyanine skeleton, respectively. The anthracene phthalocyanine compound and the derivative of anthracene phthalocyanine preferably have an anthracene phthalocyanine skeleton, respectively.

[0263] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation property of the intermediate film and the laminated glass, the component X is preferably at least one selected from phthalocyanine, derivatives of phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine, and derivatives of naphthalocyanine, and more preferably at least one of phthalocyanine and derivatives of phthalocyanine.

[0264] From the viewpoints of effectively improving the heat insulation property and maintaining the visible light transmittance at a higher level for a long time, the component X preferably contains a vanadium atom or a copper atom. The component X preferably contains a vanadium atom and also preferably contains a copper atom. The component X is more preferably at least one of phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom and derivatives of phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation property of the intermediate film and the laminated glass, the component X preferably has a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the vanadium atom.

[0265] In 100% by weight of the intermediate film or in 100% by weight of the layer (the first layer, the second layer, or the third layer) containing the component X, the content of the component X is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, further preferably 0.01% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.02% by weight or more, preferably 0.2% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or less, further preferably 0.05% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.04% by weight or less. If the content of the component X is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the heat insulation property becomes sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance becomes sufficiently high. For example, the visible light transmittance can be 70% or more. The range of the content of the component X can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0266] Heat insulating particles:

[0267] The intermediate film preferably contains heat insulating particles. The first layer preferably contains the heat insulating particles. The second layer preferably contains the heat insulating particles. The third layer preferably contains the heat insulating particles. The heat insulating particles are heat insulating substances. By using the heat insulating particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked. Only one kind of the heat insulating particles can be used, or two or more kinds can be used in combination.

[0268] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation property of the laminated glass, the heat insulating particles are more preferably metal oxide particles. The heat insulating particles are preferably particles formed of an oxide of a metal (metal oxide particles).

[0269] Infrared rays with wavelengths longer than visible light, i.e., infrared rays with wavelengths above 780 nm, have less energy compared to ultraviolet rays. However, infrared rays have a strong thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by a substance, they are released as heat. Therefore, infrared rays are generally referred to as heat rays. By using the heat-insulating particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked. It should be noted that heat-insulating particles refer to particles that can absorb infrared rays.

[0270] As specific examples of the heat-insulating particles, aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, tungsten oxide particles (such as sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles), tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and other metal oxide particles, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) particles, etc. Heat-insulating particles other than these can also be used. Since the heat-ray shielding function is high, metal oxide particles are preferred, and ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO particles, or tungsten oxide particles are more preferred, and ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferred. Especially because of the high heat-ray shielding function and easy availability, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) are preferred, and tungsten oxide particles are also preferred.

[0271] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation of the interlayer film and laminated glass, tungsten oxide particles are preferably metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. The "tungsten oxide particles" include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. As specific examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, etc., can be cited.

[0272] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation of the interlayer film and laminated glass, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferred. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are preferably tungsten oxide particles of the formula: Cs 0.33 WO 3 as shown.

[0273] The average particle size of the heat-insulating particles is preferably 0.01 μm or more, more preferably 0.02 μm or more, preferably 0.1 μm or less, and more preferably 0.05 μm or less. If the average particle size is above the lower limit, the heat-ray shielding property becomes sufficiently high. If the average particle size is below the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat-insulating particles becomes high. The range of the average particle size can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0274] The "average particle diameter" refers to the volume average particle diameter. The average particle diameter can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device (such as "UPA-EX150" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).

[0275] In 100% by weight of the intermediate film or in 100% by weight of the layer (the first layer, the second layer, or the third layer) containing the heat insulating particles, the content of the heat insulating particles (especially the content of tungsten oxide particles) is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, further preferably 1% by weight or more, particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, further preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less. If the content of the heat insulating particles is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the heat insulation property becomes sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance becomes sufficiently high. The range of the content of the heat insulating particles can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0276] (metal salt)

[0277] The intermediate film preferably contains at least one metal salt (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as metal salt M) selected from alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. The first layer preferably contains the metal salt M. The second layer preferably contains the metal salt M. The third layer preferably contains the metal salt M. It should be noted that alkaline earth metals refer to 6 metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. By using the metal salt M, it is easy to control the adhesiveness between the intermediate film and a laminated glass component such as a glass plate or the adhesiveness between the layers in the intermediate film. The metal salt M can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0278] The metal salt M preferably contains at least one metal selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. The metal salt M contained in the intermediate film preferably contains at least one metal selected from K and Mg.

[0279] In addition, as the metal salt M, an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms can be used. The metal salt M can contain a magnesium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a potassium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.

[0280] Examples of the magnesium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and the potassium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms include magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutyrate, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate, and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.

[0281] The total content of Mg and K in the intermediate film or the layer containing the metal salt M (the first layer, the second layer, or the third layer) is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more, still more preferably 20 ppm or more, preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, and still more preferably 200 ppm or less. When the total content of Mg and K is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the adhesiveness between the intermediate film and the laminated glass component (such as a glass plate) or the adhesiveness between the layers in the intermediate film can be further improved. The total content range of Mg and K can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0282] (Ultraviolet ray shielding agent)

[0283] The intermediate film preferably contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. The first layer preferably contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. The second layer preferably contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. The third layer preferably contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. By using an ultraviolet ray shielding agent, even when the laminated glass is used for a long time, the visible light transmittance is not likely to be further reduced. Only one kind of ultraviolet ray shielding agent can be used, or two or more kinds can be used in combination.

[0284] The ultraviolet ray shielding agent contains an ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet ray shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet absorber.

[0285] Examples of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent include an ultraviolet ray shielding agent containing a metal atom, an ultraviolet ray shielding agent containing a metal oxide, an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compound), an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compound), an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a triazine structure (triazine compound), an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a malonic ester structure (malonic ester compound), an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having an oxanilide structure (oxanilide compound), and an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzoate structure (benzoate compound).

[0286] Examples of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent containing a metal atom include platinum particles, particles obtained by coating the surface of platinum particles with silica, palladium particles, and particles obtained by coating the surface of palladium particles with silica. The ultraviolet ray shielding agent is preferably not a heat insulating particle.

[0287] The ultraviolet ray shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure, an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a triazine structure, or an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzoate structure. The ultraviolet ray shielding agent is more preferably an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, and still more preferably an ultraviolet ray shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure.

[0288] Examples of the metal oxide-containing ultraviolet light screening agent include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, etc. Further, the surface of the metal oxide-containing ultraviolet light screening agent may be coated. Examples of the coating material for the surface of the metal oxide-containing ultraviolet light screening agent include insulating metal oxides, hydrolyzable silicone compounds, and polysiloxane compounds, etc.

[0289] Examples of the insulating metal oxide include silica, alumina, zirconia, etc. The insulating metal oxide has a band gap energy of 5.0 eV or more, for example.

[0290] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a benzotriazole structure include 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin P" manufactured by BASF), 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 320" manufactured by BASF), 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF), and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dipentylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328" manufactured by BASF), etc. From the aspect of excellent ultraviolet light screening performance, the ultraviolet light screening agent is preferably an ultraviolet light screening agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom, and more preferably an ultraviolet light screening agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a chlorine atom.

[0291] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a benzophenone structure include octyl methoxycinnamate ("Chimassorb 81" manufactured by BASF), etc.

[0292] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a triazine structure include "LA-F70" manufactured by ADEKA and 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-[(hexyloxy)]-phenol ("Tinuvin 1577FF" manufactured by BASF), etc.

[0293] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a malonic ester structure include dimethyl 2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate, tetraethyl 2,2-(1,4-phenylenedimethylene)bis(malonate), 2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)malonate, etc.

[0294] Examples of commercially available products of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a malonic ester structure include Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25, Hostavin PR-31 (all manufactured by Clariant).

[0295] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having an oxanilide structure include oxalic acid diamides having a substituted aryl group or the like on a nitrogen atom, such as N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)oxalic acid diamide, N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxyphenyl)oxalic acid diamide, 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxanilide ("Sanduvor VSU" manufactured by Clariant Corporation), and the like.

[0296] Examples of the ultraviolet light screening agent having a benzoate structure include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate ("Tinuvin 120" manufactured by BASF Corporation), and the like.

[0297] In 100% by weight of the intermediate film or in 100% by weight of the layer (first layer, second layer, or third layer) containing the ultraviolet light screening agent, the content of the ultraviolet light screening agent is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more, still more preferably 0.3% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or more, preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less, still more preferably 1% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.8% by weight or less. If the content of the ultraviolet light screening agent is at or above the lower limit, a further reduction in visible light transmittance after a lapse of time can be suppressed. When the content of the ultraviolet light screening agent is at or below the upper limit, a reduction in visible light transmittance of the intermediate film and laminated glass after a lapse of time can be significantly suppressed. The range of the content of the ultraviolet light screening agent can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0298] (Antioxidant)

[0299] The intermediate film preferably contains an antioxidant. The first layer preferably contains an antioxidant. The second layer preferably contains an antioxidant. The third layer preferably contains an antioxidant. Only one kind of antioxidant can be used, or two or more kinds can be used in combination.

[0300] Examples of the antioxidant include phenolic antioxidants, sulfur antioxidants, and phosphorus antioxidants. The phenolic antioxidant is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton. The sulfur antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a sulfur atom. The phosphorus antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a phosphorus atom.

[0301] The antioxidant is preferably a phenolic antioxidant or a phosphorus antioxidant.

[0302] As the phenolic antioxidant, examples include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, stearyl-β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2,2'-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, 1,3,3-tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, bis(3,3'-tert-butylphenol) ethylene glycol butyrate, and bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenylpropionate) ethylidene bis(oxyethylene), etc. It is preferred to use one or more than two of these antioxidants.

[0303] As the phosphorus antioxidant, examples include tridecyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, bis(tridecyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(decyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, and 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-1-phenoxy)(2-ethylhexyloxy) phosphorus, etc. It is preferred to use one or more than two of these antioxidants.

[0304] As commercial products of the antioxidant, for example, there can be cited "IRGANOX 245" manufactured by BASF, "IRGAFOS168" manufactured by BASF, "IRGAFOS 38" manufactured by BASF, "Sumilizer BHT" manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., "H-BHT" manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and "IRGA NOX 1010" manufactured by BASF, etc.

[0305] In order to maintain the high visible light transmittance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass for a long time, in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer (the first layer, the second layer or the third layer) containing the antioxidant, the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.03% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more. In addition, since the addition effect of the antioxidant is saturated, in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer (the first layer, the second layer or the third layer) containing the antioxidant, the content of the antioxidant is preferably 2% by weight or less. The range of the content of the antioxidant can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0306] (Light stabilizer)

[0307] The intermediate film preferably contains a light stabilizer. The first layer preferably contains a light stabilizer. The second layer preferably contains a light stabilizer. The third layer preferably contains a light stabilizer. Only one kind of light stabilizer may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0308] The light stabilizer is preferably a hindered amine light stabilizer.

[0309] Examples of the hindered amine light stabilizer include hindered amine light stabilizers in which a carbon atom, an alkoxy group or a hydrogen atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure. From the viewpoint of further suppressing discoloration, a hindered amine light stabilizer in which a carbon atom or an alkoxy group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure is preferred. The hindered amine light stabilizer is preferably a hindered amine light stabilizer in which a carbon atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure, and is also preferably a hindered amine light stabilizer in which an alkoxy group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure. The hindered amine light stabilizer in which a carbon atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure may be a hindered amine light stabilizer in which an alkyl group or an alkylene group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure. The hindered amine light stabilizer in which a carbon atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure may be a hindered amine light stabilizer in which an alkyl group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure, or may be a hindered amine light stabilizer in which an alkylene group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure.

[0310] Examples of the hindered amine light stabilizer in which a carbon atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure include "Tinuvin 765" and "Tinuvin 622SF" manufactured by BASF Corporation, and "ADK STAB LA-52" manufactured by ADEKA Corporation. Examples of the hindered amine light stabilizer in which an alkoxy group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure include "Tinuvin XT-850FF" and "Tinuvin XT-855FF" manufactured by BASF Corporation, and "ADK STAB LA-81" manufactured by ADEKA Corporation. Examples of the hindered amine light stabilizer in which a hydrogen atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the piperidine structure include "Tinuvin 770DF" manufactured by BASF Corporation and "Hostavin N24" manufactured by Clariant Corporation.

[0311] From the viewpoint of further suppressing discoloration, the molecular weight of the light stabilizer is preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and still more preferably 700 or less.

[0312] In 100% by weight of the intermediate film 100 or in a layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) 100% by weight containing a light stabilizer, the content of the light stabilizer is preferably 0.0025% by weight or more, more preferably 0.025% by weight or more, preferably 0.5% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.3% by weight or less. When the content of the light stabilizer is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, discoloration can be effectively suppressed. The range of the content of the light stabilizer can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0313] (Other components)

[0314] The intermediate film, the first layer, the second layer and the third layer may each optionally contain other components in addition to the above components. Examples of the other components include colorants (such as pigments and dyes), coupling agents, dispersants, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesion regulators other than metal salts, moisture-resistant agents, optical brighteners, and infrared absorbers. These other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0315] (Other details of the intermediate film for laminated glass)

[0316] The distance between the first end and the second end of the intermediate film is preferably 0.5 m or more, more preferably 0.8 m or more, particularly preferably 1.0 m or more, preferably 3.0 m or less, more preferably 2.0 m or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 m or less. The range of the distance can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0317] The intermediate film can also be wound into a roll of the intermediate film. The roll can include a core and the intermediate film wound around the outer periphery of the core.

[0318] The manufacturing method of the intermediate film is not particularly limited. As the manufacturing method of the intermediate film, in the case of a single-layer intermediate film, a method of extruding a resin composition using an extruder can be mentioned. As the manufacturing method of the intermediate film, in the case of a multi-layer intermediate film, for example, a method of forming each layer using each resin composition for forming each layer and then laminating the obtained layers can be mentioned. In addition, as the manufacturing method of the intermediate film, a method of co-extruding each resin composition for forming each layer using an extruder and laminating the layers can be mentioned. Since it is suitable for continuous production, an extrusion molding manufacturing method is preferred.

[0319] From the aspect of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin. From the aspect of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. From the aspect of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is further preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed of the same resin composition.

[0320] The method for manufacturing the interlayer film preferably includes: an extrusion step of obtaining an intermediate film before cutting by extrusion molding; and a cutting step of cutting a given position from one end in the TD direction of the intermediate film before cutting. In the cutting step, it is preferable to cut a given position from one end in the TD direction of the intermediate film before cutting and cut a given position from the other end in the TD direction of the intermediate film before cutting. In this case, an interlayer film satisfying the above-mentioned Configuration A or Configuration B can be appropriately obtained.

[0321] The interlayer film preferably has an uneven shape on at least one of the two surfaces. The interlayer film more preferably has an uneven shape on both surfaces. The method for forming the uneven shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a lip embossing method (melt embossing method), an embossing roll method, a calender roll method, and a profile extrusion method.

[0322] (Laminated glass)

[0323] The laminated glass of the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film. In the laminated glass of the present invention, the interlayer film is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0324] The laminated glass preferably includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film.

[0325] The laminated glass has a first end (one end) and a second end (the other end) located on the opposite side of the first end. The first end and the second end are the two opposite ends in the laminated glass. The first end and the second end in the laminated glass preferably correspond to the two opposite ends of the interlayer film in the TD direction.

[0326] The laminated glass preferably satisfies the following Configuration A' or the following Configuration B'. In this case, the vibration damping property in the high-frequency region can be improved at the end portion of the laminated glass.

[0327] Configuration A': The change rate A3 shown by the following formula (A3) is less than 10%, and the change rate A4 shown by the following formula (A4) is less than 10%.

[0328] Change rate A3 (%) = (|PA ’-Q A ’| / Q A ’)×100(A3)

[0329] P A ’: The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0330] Q A ’: The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0331] Rate of change A4(%) = (|R A ’-S A ’| / S A ’)×100(A4)

[0332] R A ’: The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0333] S A ’: The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the second end toward the first end

[0334] Constitution B’: The rate of change B3 shown by the following formula (B3) is less than 10%, and the rate of change B4 shown by the following formula (B4) is less than 10%.

[0335] Rate of change B3(%) = (|P B ’-Q B ’| / Q B ’)×100(B3)

[0336] P B ’: The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0337] Q B ’: The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0338] Rate of change B4(%) = (|R B ’-S B ’| / S B ’)×100(B4)

[0339] R B ’: The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm toward the first end from the second end

[0340] S B ’: The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm toward the first end from the second end

[0341] In the laminated glass, the configuration A’ may be satisfied, the configuration B’ may be satisfied, or both the configuration A’ and the configuration B’ may be satisfied. From the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the effects of the present invention, in the laminated glass, it is preferable to satisfy the configuration B’, and more preferably to satisfy both the configuration A’ and the configuration B’.

[0342] In the laminated glass satisfying the configuration A’, the change rate A3 represented by the formula (A3) is less than 10%, and the change rate A4 represented by the formula (A4) is less than 10%.

[0343] The change rate A3 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, and most preferably 4% or more, and preferably 9.7% or less, more preferably 9% or less, still more preferably 8% or less, further preferably 7% or less, particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate A3 exceeds the lower limit or is the lower limit or more, generation of scraps during manufacture of the laminated glass can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate A3 is the upper limit or less, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The range of the change rate A3 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0344] The secondary loss coefficient (P A ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (P A ’) is the lower limit or more, sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (P A ’) of the laminated glass may be 0.80 or less, may be 0.75 or less, may be 0.70 or less, may be 0.65 or less, may be 0.60 or less, may be 0.55 or less, may be 0.50 or less, may be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (P A ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0345] The secondary loss coefficient (Q A ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (Q A ’) is at or above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (Q A ’) of the laminated glass can be 0.80 or less, can be 0.75 or less, can be 0.70 or less, can be 0.65 or less, can be 0.60 or less, can be 0.55 or less, can be 0.50 or less, can be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (Q A ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0346] The change rate A4 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, most preferably 4% or more, preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 7% or less, further preferably 6.9% or less, and particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate A4 exceeds the lower limit or is at or above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the manufacture of the laminated glass can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate A4 is at or below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The range of the change rate A4 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0347] The secondary loss coefficient (R A ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. When the secondary loss coefficient (R A ’) is at or above the lower limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (R A ’) of the laminated glass can be 0.80 or less, can be 0.75 or less, can be 0.70 or less, can be 0.65 or less, can be 0.60 or less, can be 0.55 or less, can be 0.50 or less, can be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (R A ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0348] The secondary loss coefficient (S A’) is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, further preferably 0.30 or more, and particularly preferably 0.35 or more. The secondary loss coefficient (S A ’) being above the lower limit can further improve the sound insulation of the laminated glass. It should be noted that the secondary loss coefficient (S A ’) of the laminated glass can be 0.80 or less, can be 0.75 or less, can be 0.70 or less, can be 0.65 or less, can be 0.60 or less, can be 0.55 or less, can be 0.50 or less, can be 0.45 or less. The range of the secondary loss coefficient (S A ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0349] In the laminated glass satisfying the composition B’, the change rate B3 shown in the formula (B3) is less than 10%, and the change rate B4 shown in the formula (B4) is less than 10%.

[0350] The change rate B3 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, further preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, most preferably 4% or more, preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, further preferably 7.9% or less, further preferably 7% or less, and particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate B3 exceeds the lower limit or is above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the manufacture of the laminated glass can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate B3 is below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be further effectively exerted. The range of the change rate B3 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0351] The secondary resonance frequency (P B ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 500 Hz or more, more preferably 600 Hz or more, further preferably 700 Hz or more, particularly preferably 720 Hz or more, most preferably 760 Hz or more, preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, and further preferably 840 Hz or less. When the secondary resonance frequency (P B ’) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The range of the secondary resonance frequency (P B ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0352] The secondary resonance frequency (Q B’) is preferably 500 Hz or more, more preferably 600 Hz or more, still more preferably 700 Hz or more, particularly preferably 720 Hz or more, and most preferably 760 Hz or more, and is preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, still more preferably 840 Hz or less. The secondary resonance frequency (Q B ’) being above the lower limit and below the upper limit can further improve the sound insulation of the laminated glass. The range of the secondary resonance frequency (Q B ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0353] The change rate B4 is preferably more than 0%, more preferably 1% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, further preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, and most preferably 4% or more, and is preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 7.4% or less, further preferably 7% or less, and particularly preferably 6% or less. If the change rate B4 exceeds the lower limit or is above the lower limit, the generation of scraps during the production of laminated glass can be effectively suppressed. When the change rate B4 is below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be further effectively exerted. The range of the change rate B4 can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0354] The secondary resonance frequency (R B ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 500 Hz or more, more preferably 600 Hz or more, still more preferably 700 Hz or more, particularly preferably 720 Hz or more, and most preferably 760 Hz or more, and is preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, still more preferably 840 Hz or less. The secondary resonance frequency (R B ’) being above the lower limit and below the upper limit can further improve the sound insulation of the laminated glass. The range of the secondary resonance frequency (R B ’) of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0355] The secondary resonance frequency (S B ’) of the laminated glass is preferably 500 Hz or more, more preferably 600 Hz or more, still more preferably 700 Hz or more, particularly preferably 720 Hz or more, and most preferably 760 Hz or more, and is preferably 1000 Hz or less, more preferably 900 Hz or less, still more preferably 840 Hz or less. The secondary resonance frequency (S B ’) being above the lower limit and below the upper limit can further improve the sound insulation of the laminated glass. The secondary resonance frequency (S BThe range of (’) can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0356] The secondary loss coefficient and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass can be measured by the same method as the method for measuring the secondary loss coefficient and the secondary resonance frequency of P, Q, R, and S of the laminated glass. It should be noted that in the laminated glass, when the thickness of the first laminated glass component is different from the thickness of the second laminated glass component, vibration is applied from the surface of the laminated glass component with the thicker thickness, and the secondary loss coefficient and the secondary resonance frequency are measured.

[0357] Figure 3 schematically shows the use of Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an example of a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown.

[0358] Figure 3 The laminated glass 31 shown includes a first laminated glass component 21, a second laminated glass component 22, and an interlayer film 11. The interlayer film 11 is disposed and sandwiched between the first laminated glass component 21 and the second laminated glass component 22.

[0359] The first laminated glass component 21 is laminated on the first surface of the interlayer film 11. The second laminated glass component 22 is laminated on the second surface of the interlayer film 11 opposite to the first surface. The first laminated glass component 21 is laminated on the outer surface of the second layer 2. The second laminated glass component 22 is laminated on the outer surface of the third layer 3.

[0360] The laminated glass 31 has a first end 31a and a second end 31b. The first end 31a of the laminated glass 31 corresponds to the first end of the interlayer film 11, and the second end 31b of the laminated glass 31 corresponds to the second end of the interlayer film 11.

[0361] The end face of the first end 31a has the end face of the first laminated glass component 21, the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, the end face of the third layer 3, and the end face of the second laminated glass component 22. The end face of the first end 31a is composed of the end face of the first laminated glass component 21, the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, the end face of the third layer 3, and the end face of the second laminated glass component 22. The end face of the second end 31b has the end face of the first laminated glass component 21, the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, the end face of the third layer 3, and the end face of the second laminated glass component 22. The end face of the second end 31b is composed of the end face of the first laminated glass component 21, the end face of the first layer 1, the end face of the second layer 2, the end face of the third layer 3, and the end face of the second laminated glass component 22.

[0362] In the laminated glass 31, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31 in the portion P of the laminated glass 31 from the position 0 mm toward the second end 31b to the position 25 mm from the first end 31a can be measured. In the laminated glass 31, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31 in the portion Q of the laminated glass 31 from the position 100 mm toward the second end 31b to the position 125 mm from the first end 31a can be measured. In the laminated glass 31, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31 in the portion R of the laminated glass 31 from the position 0 mm toward the first end 31a to the position 25 mm from the second end 31b can be measured. In the laminated glass 31, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31 in the portion S of the laminated glass 31 from the position 100 mm toward the first end 31a to the position 125 mm from the second end 31b can be measured.

[0363] Figure 4 is schematically showing the use of Figure 2 a cross-sectional view of an example of a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown.

[0364] Figure 4 The laminated glass 31A shown includes a first laminated glass member 21A, a second laminated glass member 22A, and an interlayer film 11A. The interlayer film 11A is disposed between the first laminated glass member 21A and the second laminated glass member 22A and is sandwiched therebetween.

[0365] The first laminated glass member 21A is laminated on the first surface of the interlayer film 11A. The second laminated glass member 22A is laminated on the second surface of the interlayer film 11A opposite to the first surface. The first laminated glass member 21A is laminated on the outer surface of the second layer 2A. The second laminated glass member 22A is laminated on the outer surface of the third layer 3A.

[0366] The laminated glass 31A has a first end 31a and a second end 31b. The first end 31a of the laminated glass 31A corresponds to the first end of the interlayer film 11A, and the second end 31b of the laminated glass 31A corresponds to the second end of the interlayer film 11A.

[0367] The end face of the first end portion 31a has the end face of the first laminated glass member 21A, the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, the end face of the third layer 3A, and the end face of the second laminated glass member 22A. The end face of the first end portion 31a is constituted by the end face of the first laminated glass member 21A, the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, the end face of the third layer 3A, and the end face of the second laminated glass member 22A. The end face of the second end portion 31b has the end face of the first laminated glass member 21A, the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, the end face of the third layer 3A, and the end face of the second laminated glass member 22A. The end face of the second end portion 31b is constituted by the end face of the first laminated glass member 21A, the end face of the first layer 1A, the end face of the second layer 2A, the end face of the third layer 3A, and the end face of the second laminated glass member 22A.

[0368] In the laminated glass 31A, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31A in the portion P of the laminated glass 31A from the position 0 mm toward the second end portion 31b to the position 25 mm can be measured. In the laminated glass 31A, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31A in the portion Q of the laminated glass 31A from the position 100 mm toward the second end portion 31b to the position 125 mm can be measured. In the laminated glass 31A, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31A in the portion R of the laminated glass 31A from the position 0 mm toward the first end portion 31a to the position 25 mm can be measured. In the laminated glass 31A, the secondary loss factor and the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass 31A in the portion S of the laminated glass 31A from the position 100 mm toward the first end portion 31a to the position 125 mm can be measured.

[0369] The laminated glass can be a head-up display. In the case where the laminated glass is a head-up display, the laminated glass has a display area of the head-up display. The display area is an area where information can be displayed well.

[0370] By using the head-up display, a head-up display system can be obtained. The head-up display system includes the laminated glass and a light source device for irradiating light for image display to the laminated glass. The light source device can be mounted on an instrument panel in a vehicle, for example. By irradiating light from the light source device to the display area of the laminated glass, image display can be performed.

[0371] The first laminated glass member is preferably a first glass plate. The second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.

[0372] As the first and second laminated glass components, glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films, etc. can be cited. The laminated glass includes not only laminated glass with an interlayer film sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass with an interlayer film sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film, etc. The laminated glass is a laminate having a glass plate, and it is preferable to use at least one glass plate. Preferably, the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component are each a glass plate or a PET film, and the laminated glass has a glass plate as at least one of the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass components are glass plates.

[0373] As the glass plate, inorganic glass and organic glass can be cited. As the inorganic glass, float plate glass, hot wire absorption plate glass, hot wire reflection plate glass, ground plate glass, mold plate glass, radiation plate glass, and green glass, etc. can be cited. The organic glass is synthetic resin glass that replaces inorganic glass. As the organic glass, polycarbonate plates and poly(meth)acrylic resin plates, etc. can be cited. As the poly(meth)acrylic resin plate, poly(methyl)methacrylate plates, etc. can be cited.

[0374] The thickness of each of the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component is preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. In addition, when the laminated glass component is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. From the viewpoint of being able to reduce the value of the frequency response function (FRF) of the entire laminated glass at 1000 Hz or more and 3000 Hz or less and further improving the vibration damping property in the high frequency region (for example, 1000 Hz or more and 3000 Hz or less), it is preferable that the thickness of each of the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component is thin. For example, the thickness of each of the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component is preferably 2 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or less, and further preferably 1.6 mm or less. In the case where the laminated glass component is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more and preferably 0.5 mm or less.

[0375] The thickness of the first laminated glass component and the thickness of the second laminated glass component may be the same or different.

[0376] The FRF value of the laminated glass is not particularly limited. For example, it can be 10 dB or less, 6 dB or less, 5 dB or less, 4 dB or less, 3 dB or less, 2 dB or less, 1 dB or less, 0 dB or less, or -7 dB or less. The lower the FRF value, the more the vibration damping property is improved. Therefore, the lower limit value is not particularly limited. From the viewpoints of improving the vibration damping property and the anti-bubbling property, the FRF value of the laminated glass can be, for example, -20 dB or more or -10 dB or more. The FRF value of the laminated glass can be measured by the method described in the Examples section below. It should be noted that in the laminated glass, when the thickness of the first laminated glass member is different from the thickness of the second laminated glass member, vibration is applied from the surface of the thicker laminated glass member to measure the FRF value. The range of the FRF value of the laminated glass can be set by appropriately selecting the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0377] The manufacturing method of the laminated glass is not particularly limited. The laminated glass can be manufactured, for example, as follows. First, an interlayer film is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminate. Then, for example, the obtained laminate is passed through a pressing roller or placed in a rubber bag for reduced-pressure suction to degas the air remaining between the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film. Then, pre-bonding is performed at about 70°C to 110°C to obtain a pre-pressed laminate. Next, the pre-pressed laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed at a pressure of about 120°C to 150°C and 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa for bonding. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained.

[0378] The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, airplanes, ships, buildings, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can also be used for purposes other than these. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably interlayer film and laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably interlayer film and laminated glass for vehicles. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used for windshield glass, side glass, rear glass, roof glass, or backlight glass of an automobile, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are suitable for use in automobiles. The interlayer film is suitable for obtaining laminated glass for automobiles.

[0379] Examples and comparative examples are given below to illustrate the present invention in more detail. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0380] In the polyvinyl acetal resin used, butyraldehyde with 4 carbon atoms is used for acetalization. Regarding the polyvinyl acetal resin, the degree of acetalization (degree of butyral acetalization), degree of acetylation, and hydroxyl group content are measured by the method based on JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral". It should be noted that when measured by ASTM D1396-92, the same values as those of the method based on JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral" are also shown.

[0381] Prepare the following materials.

[0382] (Resin)

[0383] PVB1: Polyvinyl acetal resin (polyvinyl butyral resin), average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, degree of acetylation 0.7 mol%, degree of acetalization (degree of butyral acetalization) 69.3 mol%

[0384] PVB2: Polyvinyl acetal resin (polyvinyl butyral resin), average degree of polymerization 3000, hydroxyl group content 24 mol%, degree of acetylation 12 mol%, degree of acetalization (degree of butyral acetalization) 64 mol%

[0385] PVB3: Polyvinyl acetal resin (polyvinyl butyral resin), average degree of polymerization 3300, hydroxyl group content 23.5 mol%, degree of acetylation 18.5 mol%, degree of acetalization (degree of butyral acetalization) 58 mol%

[0386] (Plasticizer)

[0387] 3GO: Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

[0388] (Metal salt)

[0389] Mg mixture (50:50 (weight ratio) mixture of magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate and magnesium acetate)

[0390] (UV screening agent)

[0391] Tinuvin 326: 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF)

[0392] (Antioxidant)

[0393] BHT: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol

[0394] (Example 1)

[0395] Prepare a resin composition for forming the first layer:

[0396] Prepare the following components and knead them thoroughly with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition for forming the first layer.

[0397] PVB3: 100 parts by weight

[0398] 3GO: 60 parts by weight

[0399] Mg mixture: an amount such that the magnesium content in the obtained first layer becomes 70 ppm

[0400] Tinuvin326: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained first layer

[0401] BHT: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained first layer

[0402] Prepare resin compositions for forming the second and third layers:

[0403] Prepare the following components and knead them thoroughly with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition for forming the second and third layers.

[0404] PVB1: 100 parts by weight

[0405] 3GO: 32.5 parts by weight

[0406] Mg mixture: an amount such that the magnesium content in the obtained second and third layers becomes 70 ppm

[0407] Tinuvin326: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained second and third layers

[0408] BHT: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained second and third layers

[0409] Preparation of the interlayer film:

[0410] Co-extrude the resin composition for forming the first layer and the resin compositions for forming the second and third layers using a co-extrusion machine to obtain an interlayer film before cutting. It should be noted that in the co-extrusion molding, set the desired setting conditions such that the first, second, and third layers respectively have uniform thicknesses. Then, use a slitter to cut at positions 25 mm inward from one end in the TD direction and 25 mm inward from the other end in the TD direction of the interlayer film before cutting. In this way, a rectangular interlayer film (thickness 760 μm) with a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) having a first end and a second end is obtained. It should be noted that the first end and the second end are the two opposite ends in the TD direction of the interlayer film, and the distance between the first end and the second end is 1092 mm.

[0411] It should be noted that the "cutting position (1)" in the table is the distance from one end of the intermediate film before cutting in the TD direction to the cutting position. In addition, the "cutting position (2)" in the table is the distance from the other end of the intermediate film before cutting in the TD direction to the cutting position.

[0412] Preparation of laminated glass:

[0413] The obtained intermediate film was sandwiched between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, a width of 50 cm, and a length of 40 cm according to JIS R3208 to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes, and then transferred to an oven in a degassed state. In addition, it was kept at 90 °C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. In an autoclave, the pre-bonded laminate was pressed at 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass.

[0414] (Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2)

[0415] The type of resin, the blending amount of the plasticizer, and the cutting position of the intermediate film before cutting were changed as shown in the table. Except for this, a rectangular intermediate film (thickness 760 μm) having a first end and a second end and having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In the table, when the cutting positions (1) and (2) are 0 mm, it means that no cutting was performed. It should be noted that the metal salt, the ultraviolet ray shielding agent, and the antioxidant were used in the same types and blending amounts as in Example 1. In addition, laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0416] (Example 7)

[0417] Preparation of a resin composition for forming the first layer:

[0418] The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition for forming the first layer.

[0419] PVB3: 100 parts by weight

[0420] 3GO: 60 parts by weight

[0421] Mg mixture: an amount such that the magnesium amount in the obtained first layer becomes 70 ppm

[0422] Tinuvin326: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained first layer

[0423] BHT: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained first layer

[0424] Preparation of resin compositions for forming the second and third layers:

[0425] Prepare the following components and thoroughly knead them with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition for forming the second and third layers.

[0426] PVB1: 100 parts by weight

[0427] 3GO: 32.5 parts by weight

[0428] Mg mixture: an amount such that the magnesium content in the obtained second and third layers becomes 70 ppm

[0429] Tinuvin326: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained second and third layers

[0430] BHT: an amount such that it becomes 0.2% by weight in the obtained second and third layers

[0431] Preparation of the interlayer film:

[0432] Co - extrude the resin composition for forming the first layer and the resin composition for forming the second and third layers using a co - extruder to obtain an interlayer film before cutting. It should be noted that in the co - extrusion molding, set the desired conditions such that the first layer has a uniform thickness and the thicknesses of the second and third layers increase from one end to the other end in the TD direction. Then, use a slitter to cut the interlayer film before cutting at positions 25 mm inward from one end in the TD direction and 25 mm inward from the other end in the TD direction respectively. In this way, a wedge - shaped interlayer film with a first end and a second end and having a three - layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) is obtained. It should be noted that the first end and the second end are the two opposite ends in the TD direction of the interlayer film, and the distance between the first end and the second end is 1092 mm.

[0433] Preparation of the laminated glass:

[0434] Use the obtained interlayer film to obtain laminated glass in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0435] (Examples 8, 9 and Comparative Example 3)

[0436] Change the type of resin, the blending amount of the plasticizer, and the cutting position of the interlayer film before cutting as shown in the table. Except for this, obtain a wedge - shaped interlayer film with a first end and a second end and having a three - layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) in the same manner as in Example 7. In the table, when the cutting positions (1) and (2) are 0 mm, it means that no cutting is performed. It should be noted that the metal salt, ultraviolet light shielding agent, and antioxidant are used in the same types and blending amounts as in Example 7. In addition, obtain laminated glass in the same manner as in Example 7.

[0437] (Examples 10 and 11)

[0438] Preparation of laminated glass:

[0439] Using the intermediate film obtained in Example 3 and two pieces of green glass with the thicknesses shown in the following table, a laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for this.

[0440] (Evaluation)

[0441] (1) Viscoelasticity measurement (glass transition temperature and tanδ at the glass transition temperature)

[0442] The obtained intermediate film was sandwiched between two 100-μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate films (PET films, "Lu mirror H10" manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate was sandwiched between two 2.0-mm-thick green glasses, placed in a rubber bag, and degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes. After degassing, it was transferred to an oven in a degassed state, and further held at 90°C for 30 minutes and subjected to vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. After pre-bonding, the laminate was pressed at 140°C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa in an autoclave for 20 minutes to obtain a test piece. The obtained test piece was stored in an environment of temperature 23 ± 2°C and humidity 25 ± 5% for 4 weeks. After storage, the green glass and the PET film were peeled off, and the viscoelasticity was measured using a viscoelasticity measurement device "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments. A parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm was used as a fixture, and the measurement was carried out in a shear mode, under the conditions of a temperature decrease rate of 3°C / minute from 100°C to -20°C, and a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 1%. In the obtained measurement results, the peak temperature of the loss tangent was defined as the glass transition temperature Tg (°C), and the value of the loss tangent at the glass transition temperature was defined as tanδ at the glass transition temperature.

[0443] (2) Thickness

[0444] For the obtained intermediate film, the following thicknesses were measured.

[0445] (a) Thickness at the first end

[0446] (b) Thickness at the second end

[0447] (c) Thickness of the layer (the first layer) with the lowest glass transition temperature at a position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0448] (d) Thickness of the intermediate film at a position 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end

[0449] (e) The thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature (the first layer) at the position 112.5 mm from the first end towards the second end

[0450] (f) The thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the first end towards the second end

[0451] (g) The thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature (the first layer) at the position 12.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0452] (h) The thickness of the intermediate film at the position 12.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0453] (i) The thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature (the first layer) at the position 112.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0454] (j) The thickness of the intermediate film at the position 112.5 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0455] In addition, the following thickness ratios are calculated from the thicknesses in (c) to (j).

[0456] Ratio (T P ): The ratio of thickness (c) to thickness (d) (thickness (c) / thickness (d))

[0457] Ratio (T Q ): The ratio of thickness (e) to thickness (f) (thickness (e) / thickness (f))

[0458] Ratio (T R ): The ratio of thickness (g) to thickness (h) (thickness (g) / thickness (h))

[0459] Ratio (T S ): The ratio of thickness (i) to thickness (j) (thickness (i) / thickness (j))

[0460] In addition, based on the calculated ratios (T P ), ratio (T Q ), ratio (T R ) and ratio (T S ), the change rates C1 and C2 are calculated according to the above-mentioned formulas (C1) and (C2).

[0461] (3) The secondary loss factor and secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass

[0462] Cut out the given positions of the obtained intermediate films to obtain intermediate films for preparing laminated glass P, intermediate films for preparing laminated glass Q, intermediate films for preparing laminated glass R, and intermediate films for preparing laminated glass S. Sandwich the cut intermediate films between two green glasses (25 mm × 300 mm) with a thickness of 2.0 mm in accordance with JIS R3208 to obtain a laminate. Place the obtained laminate in a rubber bag, degas it for 20 minutes under a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, then transfer it to an oven in a degassed state, and further hold it at 90 °C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. In an autoclave, press the pre-bonded laminate at 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain the following laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S.

[0463] Laminated glass P:

[0464] The laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the first end toward the second end between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0465] Laminated glass Q:

[0466] The laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the first end toward the second end between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0467] Laminated glass R:

[0468] The laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the second end toward the first end between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0469] Laminated glass S:

[0470] The laminated glass obtained by disposing the portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the second end toward the first end between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0471] Measure the secondary loss factor and secondary resonance frequency of the obtained laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S as follows.

[0472] The laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S were stored in an environment with a temperature of 23±2°C and a humidity of 25±5% for 4 weeks. The laminated glasses P, Q, R, and S were excited in a constant temperature chamber at 20°C using a vibration generator for damping test (“Pertable Vi bration Exciter Type 4809” manufactured by Spectris). The obtained vibration characteristics were amplified using a mechanical impedance measuring device (“75VA Power Amplifier Type 2718” manufactured by Spectris), and the vibration spectrum was subjected to FFT analysis to determine the secondary resonance frequency and secondary loss coefficient. It should be noted that “PULSE LabShop” manufactured by Spectris was used as the analysis software.

[0473] Based on the measurement results, according to the above-mentioned formula (A1), formula (A2), formula (B1) and formula (B2), the change rate A1, the change rate A2, the change rate B1 and the change rate B2 are calculated.

[0474] (4) Vibration damping in the high frequency region of the edge portion of laminated glass (FRF)

[0475] Using the interlayer films obtained in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the vibration damping properties in the high-frequency region of the edge portions of laminated glass were measured by the following method.

[0476] (4-1) Preparation of laminated glass for evaluation

[0477] The obtained interlayer film was cut as described below to obtain evaluation interlayer films 1 to 4. The evaluation interlayer films 1 to 4 were obtained by cutting out the obtained interlayer film while shifting the interlayer film little by little in the MD direction.

[0478] Evaluation interlayer 1:

[0479] The intermediate film portion from the position of 0 mm toward the second end of the intermediate film to the position of 500 mm, that is, the intermediate film for evaluation had a size of 50 cm in the horizontal direction (TD direction) and 40 cm in the vertical direction (MD direction).

[0480] Evaluation interlayer 2:

[0481] The intermediate film portion from the first end portion to the second end portion of the intermediate film at a position of 100 mm to 600 mm had a size of 50 cm in the horizontal direction (TD direction) and 40 cm in the vertical direction (MD direction) for evaluation.

[0482] Evaluation interlayer 3:

[0483] The intermediate film portion from the position 0 mm to 500 mm from the second end portion of the intermediate film toward the first end portion is an evaluation intermediate film having a size of 50 cm in the transverse direction (TD direction) × 40 cm in the longitudinal direction (MD direction).

[0484] Evaluation intermediate film 4:

[0485] The intermediate film portion from the position 100 mm to 600 mm from the second end portion of the intermediate film toward the first end portion is an evaluation intermediate film having a size of 50 cm in the transverse direction (TD direction) × 40 cm in the longitudinal direction (MD direction).

[0486] The obtained evaluation intermediate films 1 to 4 are sandwiched between two green glasses with a thickness of 2.0 mm, a transverse dimension of 50 cm, and a longitudinal dimension of 40 cm in accordance with JIS R3208 to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes, then transferred to an oven in a degassed state, and further subjected to vacuum pressing at 90 °C for 30 minutes to perform pre-bonding on the laminate. In an autoclave, under the conditions of 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa, the pre-bonded laminate is pressed for 20 minutes to prepare evaluation laminated glasses 1 to 4 corresponding to the respective evaluation intermediate films 1 to 4. However, in Example 10 and Example 11, two green glasses with a thickness recorded in Table 10 below and a transverse dimension of 50 cm and a longitudinal dimension of 40 cm in accordance with JIS R3208 are used to prepare evaluation laminated glasses 1 to evaluation laminated glass 4 under the above conditions.

[0487] (4-2) Measurement of the frequency response function (FRF)

[0488] The transverse direction of the obtained evaluation laminated glass is set as the x direction, the longitudinal direction is set as the y direction, and the coordinates (x, y) of the four corners of the evaluation laminated glass are set as the coordinate (0, 0), the coordinate (0, 40), the coordinate (50, 0), and the coordinate (50, 40) respectively. The coordinate (x, y) is a position x cm in the transverse direction and y cm in the longitudinal direction from the coordinate (0, 0). The portion between the coordinate (0, 0) and the coordinate (0, 40) is the end portion of the evaluation laminated glass. The position of the coordinate (5, 5) is used as the acceleration pickup position, and an accelerometer for measuring acceleration is set at the position of the coordinate (5, 5). In addition, the position of the coordinate (35, 5) is set as H1, and the position of the coordinate (5, 35) is set as H10. In addition, with the position of the coordinate (5, 5) (acceleration pickup position) as the center, an arc is set from H1 to H10, and H2 to H9 are set at equal intervals on the arc. Using H1 as the excitation point, the impact hammer is used to excite 5 times. For the FRF obtained in each excitation (response (m / s to the excitation (F)) 2)( )) Perform arithmetic averaging to calculate the average FRF (H1) in H1. Similarly, calculate the average FRF (H2) of H2, the average FRF (H3) of H3, …, and the average FRF (H10) of H10. Perform arithmetic averaging on the average FRF (H1) to the average FRF (H10) to obtain the average FRF (H1 - H10). After averaging the average FRF (H1 - H10) within the range of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz, convert it to a dB value, and use this value as the “FRF value of the laminated glass for evaluation.” It should be noted that the “end portion of the laminated glass for evaluation” refers to the end portion on the first end side of the interlayer film in the laminated glasses for evaluation 1 and 2, and refers to the end portion on the second end side of the interlayer film in the laminated glasses for evaluation 3 and 4.

[0489] It should be noted that the laminated glass provided with the accelerometer is suspended with a soft rubber and measured in a Free-Free state. As the analysis software, “BKConnect” manufactured by Spectris is used. In addition, as the accelerometer, “352C68” manufactured by PCB PIEZOTRONICS is used. In addition, as the impact hammer, “086C01” (aluminum head) manufactured by PCB PIEZOTRONICS is used.

[0490] Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the FRF value of the laminated glass for evaluation 1 and the FRF value of the laminated glass for evaluation 2, and the absolute value of the difference between the FRF value of the laminated glass for evaluation 3 and the FRF value of the laminated glass for evaluation 4, and evaluate the vibration damping property (FRF) of the high-frequency region of the end portion of the laminated glass according to the following criteria.

[0491] [Judgment Criteria for the Vibration Damping Property (FRF) of the High-Frequency Region of the End Portion of the Laminated Glass]

[0492] ○: The absolute value of the difference is less than 0.7

[0493] ×: The absolute value of the difference is 0.7 or more

[0494] (5) Measurement of the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the Central Portion of the Laminated Glass

[0495] Use the interlayer films obtained in Examples 3, 10, and 11 to measure the frequency response function (FRF) of the central portion of the laminated glass corresponding to the central portion of the interlayer film by the following method.

[0496] (5-1) Preparation of the Laminated Glass for Evaluation

[0497] Obtain an interlayer film portion of the interlayer film from the following first position to the following second position, that is, an interlayer film for evaluation having a size of 50 cm in the transverse (TD direction) × 40 cm in the longitudinal (MD direction).

[0498] First position: A position 25 cm from the center in the TD direction of the intermediate film towards the first end

[0499] Second position: A position 25 cm from the center in the TD direction of the intermediate film towards the second end

[0500] The obtained intermediate film for evaluation was sandwiched between two pieces of green glass with a thickness as described in Table 10 below, having a width of 50 cm and a length of 40 cm based on JIS R3208, to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 0.08 MPa for 20 minutes, and then transferred to an oven in a degassed state. In addition, it was maintained at 90 °C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to perform pre-bonding on the laminate. In an autoclave, under the conditions of 140 °C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa, the pre-bonded laminate was bonded for 20 minutes to prepare an evaluation laminated glass corresponding to the intermediate film for evaluation.

[0501] (5-2) Measurement of frequency response function (FRF)

[0502] The FRF value of the evaluation laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as described in the method described in the "(4-2) Measurement of frequency response function (FRF)".

[0503] The composition and results of the intermediate film are shown in Tables 1 to 10 below.

[0504] [Table 1]

[0505]

[0506] [Table 2]

[0507]

[0508] [Table 3]

[0509]

[0510] [Table 4]

[0511]

[0512] [Table 5]

[0513]

[0514] [Table 6]

[0515]

[0516] [Table 7]

[0517]

[0518] [Table 8]

[0519]

[0520] [Table 9]

[0521]

[0522] [Table 10]

[0523]

[0524] Symbol Explanation

[0525] 1, 1A…The first layer

[0526] 1a, 1Aa…The first surface

[0527] 1b, 1Ab…The second surface

[0528] 2, 2A…The second layer

[0529] 3, 3A…The third layer

[0530] 11, 11A…The intermediate film

[0531] 11a…The first end

[0532] 11b…The second end

[0533] 21, 21A…The first laminated glass component

[0534] 22, 22A…The second laminated glass component

[0535] 31, 31A…Laminated glass

[0536] 31a…The first end

[0537] 31b…The second end

[0538] P…The part from the position of 0 mm to 25 mm from the first end towards the second end

[0539] Q…The part from the position of 100 mm to 125 mm from the first end towards the second end

[0540] R…The part from the position of 0 mm to 25 mm from the second end towards the first end

[0541] S…The part from the position of 100 mm to 125 mm from the second end towards the first end

Claims

1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, comprising a first end portion and a second end portion located on the opposite side of the first end portion, The interlayer film for laminated glass satisfies the following composition A or the following composition B when obtaining the following laminated glass P, laminated glass Q, laminated glass R and laminated glass S. Laminated glass P: a laminated glass in which the portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the first end toward the second end is arranged between two sheets of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass Q: a laminated glass in which the portion of the intermediate film from the position 100 mm to the position 125 mm from the first end toward the second end is arranged between two sheets of green glass having a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass R: a laminated glass in which the portion of the intermediate film from the position 0 mm to the position 25 mm from the second end toward the first end is arranged between two sheets of green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm. Laminated glass S: a laminated glass in which the portion of the intermediate film from the second end portion to the first end portion at a position of 100 mm to a position of 125 mm is arranged between two sheets of green glass having a thickness of 2.0 mm. Configuration A: The change rate A1 represented by the following formula (A1) is less than 10%, and the change rate A2 represented by the following formula (A2) is less than 10%, Change rate A1(%)=(|P A -Q A | / Q A )×100(A1) P A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass P Q A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass Q Change rate A2 (%) = (|R A -S A | / S A )×100(A2) R A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass R S A : The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass S Configuration B: The change rate B1 represented by the following formula (B1) is less than 10%, and the change rate B2 represented by the following formula (B2) is less than 10%, Change rate B1(%)=(|P B -Q B | / Q B )×100(B1) P B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass P Q B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass Q Change rate B2 (%) = (|R B -S B | / S B )×100(B2) R B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass R S B : The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass S. 2 . The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1 , which satisfies the configuration A. 3 . The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1 , which satisfies the configuration B. 4 . The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1 , which satisfies the configuration A and the configuration B.

5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: A first layer comprising a resin, and A second layer comprising a resin, The second layer is arranged on the first surface side of the first layer.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein The resin in the first layer is a thermoplastic resin, The resin in the second layer is a thermoplastic resin.

7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5 or 6, comprising: The third layer comprises a resin, The third layer is arranged on a second surface side of the first layer opposite to the first surface side.

8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein The resin in the third layer is a thermoplastic resin.

9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein The glass transition temperature of the first layer is different from the glass transition temperature of the second layer.

10. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein The glass transition temperature of the layer having the highest glass transition temperature is 32° C. or higher.

11. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 10, wherein The glass transition temperature of the layer having the highest glass transition temperature is 37° C. or higher.

12. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein The second layer is the surface layer of the intermediate film, The second layer is the layer having the highest glass transition temperature.

13. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein The tan δ at the glass transition temperature of the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature is 1.2 or more.

14. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 13, wherein The tan δ at the glass transition temperature of the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature is 1.4 or more.

15. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 14, wherein The first layer is the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature.

16. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 15, wherein The end surface of the first end portion has an end surface of the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature, The end surface of the second end portion has an end surface of the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature.

17. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 5 to 16, which satisfies the following configuration C: Configuration C: The change rate C1 represented by the following formula (C1) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less, and the change rate C2 represented by the following formula (C2) exceeds 0% and is 50% or less, Change rate C1(%)=(|T P -T Q | / T Q )×100(C1) T P : Ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at a position of 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at a position of 12.5 mm from the first end toward the second end T Q : Ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at a position of 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end to the thickness of the intermediate film at a position of 112.5 mm from the first end toward the second end Change rate C2 (%) = (|T R -T S | / T S )×100(C2) T R : Ratio of the thickness of the layer with the lowest glass transition temperature at a position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the intermediate film at a position 12.5 mm from the second end toward the first end T S : Ratio of the thickness of the layer having the lowest glass transition temperature at a position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end to the thickness of the intermediate film at a position 112.5 mm from the second end toward the first end.

18. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising: Resin, and Plasticizers, The content of the plasticizer contained in the interlayer film is 36 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the resin contained in the interlayer film.

19. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein The cross-sectional shape of the intermediate film in the thickness direction is a wedge shape.

20. A laminated glass comprising: The first laminated glass component, a second laminated glass component, and The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 19, The interlayer film for laminated glass is arranged between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component.

21. A laminated glass comprising: a first end, and a second end portion located on the opposite side of the first end portion, The laminated glass satisfies the following composition A' or the following composition B', A': the change rate A3 shown in the following formula (A3) is less than 10%, and the change rate A4 shown in the following formula (A4) is less than 10%, Change rate A3 (%) = (|P A '-Q A '| / Q A ')×100(A3) P A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the first end toward the second end Q A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the first end toward the second end Change rate A4 (%) = (|R A '-S A '| / S A ')×100(A4) R A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the second end toward the first end S A ': The secondary loss coefficient of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the second end toward the first end Configuration B': the change rate B3 represented by the following formula (B3) is less than 10%, and the change rate B4 represented by the following formula (B4) is less than 10%, Change rate B3 (%) = (|P B '-Q B '| / Q B ')×100(B3) P B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the first end toward the second end Q B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 100 mm to the position of 125 mm from the first end toward the second end Change rate B4 (%) = (|R B '-S B '| / S B ')×100(B4) R B ': The secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in the portion of the laminated glass from the position of 0 mm to the position of 25 mm from the second end toward the first end S B ': the secondary resonance frequency of the laminated glass in a portion of the laminated glass from a position of 100 mm to a position of 125 mm from the second end toward the first end.

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