Method for rapidly determining vitality of rice seeds and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly determining the vitality of rice seeds and application of the method, and particularly belongs to the technical field of seed vitality determination. The method for rapidly determining the vitality of the rice seeds comprises the following steps: immersing the rice seeds into water for determination, and determining that the rice seeds with water drops on the surfaces of the seeds are the seeds with vitality; the temperature of the water is 50-83 DEG C. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple detection conditions, rapid determination, determination in second detection, detection at any time and any place, detection of seed vitality and prediction of germination rate, and high accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of seed vigor determination, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly determining the viability of rice seeds and its application. Background Art

[0002] Generally, rice seeds harvested in the current year and promptly dried in the sun have strong vitality, good seed vigor, high germination rate, and strong germination potential, fully meeting the national seed quality standards. Rice seeds can be stored for 2 years under normal conditions, mainly affected by three external factors, namely humidity, temperature, and oxygen content in the air. During the storage process in the warehouse, affected by humidity and temperature, the vitality of the seeds decreases to varying degrees. If the seed storage conditions are not taken seriously, the seeds often partially or completely lose their vitality. Therefore, before sowing in rice production, it is necessary to measure the viability of the seeds and test the germination potential and germination rate.

[0003] Seed viability is the basis of seed quality. After storage, the seed vigor of the seeds is first checked. The level of seed vigor is mainly measured by indicators such as germination potential, germination index, and germination rate. Seed vigor determination is an inevitable means to ensure the emergence rate and productivity in the field, an essential link in the seed industry, a method that must be adopted by breeders, and a necessary method for seed physiologists to study seed deterioration physiology.

[0004] Currently, there are many methods for identifying seed vigor. For example, indoor identification methods: randomly sample, fully mix, and then divide into 2 - 3 groups, with 100 seeds in each group. Place them in a germination dish lined with filter paper or absorbent cotton, add enough water, and then put them in an incubator. Under the condition of a temperature of 28 - 30°C, calculate the germination potential on the 3rd day and the germination rate on the 5th day, and find the average value of each group as the germination potential and germination rate of the sample.

[0005] In rural areas, farmers will adopt corresponding methods to conduct seed germination tests according to their own conditions. For example, using a thermos flask for germination test: take a certain number of seeds, soak them in warm water at 30°C for 3 - 4 hours, then wrap them with gauze boiled in boiling water and hang them on the stopper of the thermos flask. Insert a thermometer on the stopper of the thermos flask to observe the temperature inside the bottle. The water temperature inside the bottle is 35°C, and the water filling height is 1 / 2 - 1 / 3 of the bottle height. Do not let the seeds soak in water. It is necessary to frequently change the hot water in the bottle to keep the temperature inside the bottle around 30°C. After more than a day, the seeds can germinate, and the seed germination rate can be obtained.

[0006] Rice farmers in the south check the germination rate of stored seeds from March to June. At home, they often use a vat or a bowl filled with water, casually grab a small handful of seeds and put them in the vat or bowl, and then place them on the stove in the indoor kitchen (using a firewood stove). After 3 - 4 days, check the number of germinated seeds and calculate the germination rate.

[0007] The above method for detecting seed vigor is accurate, but rather cumbersome, especially time-consuming, and it is impossible to immediately understand the viability of seeds. Therefore, there is currently a lack of a simple and rapid method for determining seed viability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly determining the viability of rice seeds and its application. The method of the present invention is simple and rapid, and can detect seed vigor and predict germination rate with high accuracy.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for rapidly determining the viability of rice seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Sink the rice seeds into water for determination, and the rice seeds with water droplets on the surface are determined as viable seeds; the temperature of the water is 50-83°C.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature of the water is 70-80°C.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature of the water is 75°C.

[0013] Preferably, when the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83°C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C; when the rice is javanica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C.

[0014] Preferably, the initial temperature of the water is greater than 83°C, and when the temperature drops to any value within 50-83°C, immediately put the seeds in for determination.

[0015] The present invention also provides the application of the above technical solution in the determination of rice seed vigor.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for determining rice seed vigor based on the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: sink the rice seeds into water for determination, and the higher the proportion of rice seeds with water droplets on the surface, the higher the seed vigor of the rice seeds to be tested is determined;

[0017] The temperature of the water is 50-83°C.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the above technical solution in predicting the germination rate of rice seeds.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for predicting the germination rate based on the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: sink the rice seeds into water for observation, count the number of rice seeds with water droplets on the surface, and calculate the germination rate according to formula I;

[0020] Germination rate = (Number of rice seeds that produce water droplets) / (Total number of seeds for determination) × 100%;

[0021] The temperature of the water is 50 - 83 °C.

[0022] Preferably, when the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50 - 83 °C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50 - 80 °C; when the rice is javanica rice, the temperature of the water is 50 - 80 °C.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for quickly determining the viability of rice seeds. The inspection conditions of the method of the present invention are simple, the determination time is rapid, it can be determined in seconds, it can be detected anytime and anywhere, and the detection of seed vigor and the prediction of germination rate are highly accurate. It has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and accuracy. Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a seed vigor determination diagram provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a seed vigor determination diagram provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a seed vigor determination diagram provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a seed germination rate determination diagram provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] The present invention provides a method for quickly determining the viability of rice seeds, including the following steps:

[0030] The rice seeds are immersed in water for determination. The rice seeds with water droplets on their surfaces are determined to be viable seeds; the temperature of the water is 50-83 °C. It was accidentally discovered in the heat-resistant test of rice seeds in the present invention that when the seeds are stimulated, there will be a reaction manifestation, that is, when the rice seeds are put into water at a certain temperature, the seeds will immediately sink into the water, and water droplets will appear on the surfaces of viable seeds, mostly 1 water droplet, at most 2 water droplets, and there are also seeds with more than 2 water droplets on their surfaces. The positions where the water droplets appear are irregular. As long as water droplets appear on the seed surface immediately after being put into water at a certain temperature, it indicates viable seeds. The more water droplets appear on the seeds in water at a certain temperature, the stronger the vitality; on the contrary, if the seeds show no reaction at a certain temperature and no water droplets are seen on the seed surface, the seeds do not have viability. Through multiple experimental verifications, it is obtained that when the temperature is 50-83 °C, the method of the present invention for determining seed viability is more accurate, can accurately predict the germination rate, and has high accuracy. The method for quickly determining the viability of rice seeds of the present invention requires simple conditions for determination, can be detected anytime and anywhere, and has high accuracy. In a specific embodiment, the temperature of the water can be 70-80 °C. In a specific embodiment, the temperature of the water is 75 °C. This temperature is suitable for high-accuracy detection of all types of rice seeds. In a specific embodiment, when the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83 °C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80 °C; when the rice is javanica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80 °C. That is, in the present invention, the highest water temperature for determining indica rice seeds is 83 °C, the highest water temperature for determining japonica rice seeds is 80 °C, and the highest water temperature for determining javanica rice seeds is 80 °C. In the present invention, the determination can be carried out at room temperature. The present invention has no special limitation on the temperature range of the room temperature. In a specific embodiment, the initial temperature of the water is greater than 83 °C. When the temperature drops to any value within 50-83 °C, the seeds are immediately put in for determination. In a specific embodiment, the initial temperature of the water is 100 °C, that is, the present invention uses boiling water as the initial water. In a specific embodiment, it can be detected by naturally cooling the water to 50-83 °C, or the temperature can be adjusted by adding cold water while detecting the temperature. When the temperature drops to 50-83 °C, the determination is carried out. The present invention has no special limitation on the container used for determination, and any device that can observe the water droplets on the seed surface can be used, such as a teacup, a beaker, a petri dish, etc. In the present invention, the depth of the water can be 2.5-3.0 cm. The present invention has no special limitation on the size of the container, but the depth of the water volume for determination needs to be strictly required. If the water depth exceeds 3 cm, it may affect the viability of the seeds.

[0031] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in the determination of rice seed vigor.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for determining the vigor of rice seeds based on the method described in the above technical solution, including the following steps: submerging the rice seeds in water for determination, and the higher the proportion of rice seeds with water droplets on the seed surface, the higher the determined vigor of the rice seeds to be tested; the temperature of the water is 50-83°C. In a specific embodiment, when the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83°C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C; when the rice is javanica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C. In the present invention, the calculation formula for the seed vigor can be: seed vigor = the number of seeds with water droplets determined ÷ the total number of seeds for determination × 100%. After the seeds of the present invention are determined in water at a temperature for a short time (within 10 seconds), the seeds are poured out into a culture container (which can be a petri dish), and the vigor of the seeds will not be affected after being determined by the method of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention also provides an application of the method described in the above technical solution in predicting the germination rate of rice seeds.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for predicting the germination rate based on the method described in the above technical solution, including the following steps: submerging the rice seeds in water for observation, counting the number of rice seeds with water droplets on the seed surface, and calculating the germination rate according to Formula I;

[0035] Germination rate = the number of grains of rice seeds with water droplets produced ÷ the total number of seeds for determination × 100%;

[0036] The temperature of the water is 50-83°C. In a specific embodiment, when the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83°C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C; when the rice is javanica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C.

[0037] To further illustrate the present invention, the following describes in detail a method for rapidly determining the viability of rice seeds and its application provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Determination preparation

[0040] (1) Instruments and equipment: boiling water, a 150 ml teacup, a thermometer, tap water.

[0041] (2) Using the indica rice variety "Meixiangzhan" as the determination sample, checking the seeds, randomly sampling, taking samples from the seed pile or seed bag, thoroughly mixing the seed samples evenly, and then waiting for determination.

[0042] (3) Measure the seed samples. Randomly take 100 seeds at a time and divide them into five groups, with 20 seeds in each group. Put the seeds into teacups respectively.

[0043] Measurement method

[0044] (1) Prepare the water temperature to be measured: First, pour 100 ml of boiling water (100 °C) into a teacup. Second, put the thermometer into the teacup with boiling water, and slowly pour normal temperature tap water into the teacup with 100 °C boiling water to slowly prepare the water temperature to be measured.

[0045] Carefully watch the scale of the thermometer. When the hot water temperature reaches 75 °C, immediately put 20 seeds in and record the seeds without water droplets.

[0046] (2) Quick measurement. Pour the 20 seeds in the first group into the teacup with the prepared water temperature, and immediately record the seeds without water droplets in the cup by visual inspection (the result is as Figures 1 to 3 ), and measure in 5 - 10 seconds. Repeat the measurement 5 times (20 seeds each time, a total of 100 seeds).

[0047] (3) Calculate the result. Statistically analyze the measurement results. The calculation formula is:

[0048] Seed vigor = Number of seeds with water droplets measured ÷ Total number of seeds for measurement × 100%

[0049] In this example, when measuring indica rice at a water temperature of 75 °C, there are 20 seeds in the first group, 2 seeds without water droplets; 20 seeds in the second group, 1 seed without water droplets; 20 seeds in the third group, 3 seeds without water droplets; 20 seeds in the fourth group, 1 seed without water droplets; 20 seeds in the fifth group, 3 seeds without water droplets.

[0050] A total of 100 seeds are measured, 10 seeds have no water droplets, and 90 seeds have water droplets. The result calculates that 90% of the seeds have water droplets. That is, the calculation formula is 90 ÷ 100 × 100% = 90%.

[0051] Measure 100 seeds with the hot water temperature detection. Among them, 90% of the seeds are measured to have water droplets. Put the 100 measured seeds into an artificial climate, and carry out moisturizing germination at a temperature of 28 - 30 °C. The number of germinated seeds is 92 (the germination measurement diagram is as Figure 2 ), and the germination rate is calculated to be 92%. The calculation formula is germination rate = Number of germinated seeds 92 ÷ Total number of seeds 100 × 100%. Accuracy rate = 90% ÷ 92% × 100% = 97.83%.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Measurement of seed vigor of different types of rice varieties

[0054] Vigor determination was carried out on the seeds of "indica rice varieties, japonica rice varieties, Javanica rice, glutinous rice varieties, and Dongxiang wild rice (common wild rice)". The seeds participating in the determination were stored at room temperature for half a year to 1 year. Among them, the indica rice varieties were Meixiangzhan and Baiye Rice, the japonica rice varieties were Dongye No. 1, Nanjing 46, Huaidao 5, and Taijing 16, the glutinous rice was Ganwan Glutinous No. 6, and the Javanica rice was African Glabrous Rice.

[0055] Determination method:

[0056] According to the method of Example 1, set the water temperature for determination to 80°C. When the water temperature is 80°C, put the seeds into the water, observe and count the water droplets on the seed surface; the controls ck1 and ck2 are soaked in tap water at room temperature, with a temperature of 19°C.

[0057] On April 18, an experiment was conducted. After determining the seed vigor, put the seeds into a constant temperature (28 - 30°C) box at 10:30 to determine the germination rate. Varieties: Meixiangzhan, Dongye No. 1, Nanjing 46, Huaidao 5, African Glabrous Rice, Taijing 16, Dongxiang wild rice, Baiye Rice, Ganwan Glutinous No. 6, a total of 11 (2 ck).

[0058] The results of determining the vigor of rice seeds are shown in Table 1:

[0059] Table 1 Results of determining the vigor and germination rate of rice seeds

[0060]

[0061] Example 3

[0062] Vigor results of indica rice varieties determined at different water temperatures

[0063] Mainly explore the suitable water temperature conditions for determination. In this experiment, the variety "Meixiangzhan" was used as the determination sample, and 4 groups were made. The water temperature for determination was 35 - 83°C, with a total of 12 water temperatures.

[0064] Materials prepared for determination: thermos flask, thermometer, beaker, 200 - milliliter measuring cup, pencil, record book, a total of 260 Meizhanxiang seeds.

[0065] Determination method: Count 20 seeds for each group and put them into a beaker with a capacity of 150 ml for determination respectively. The specific process of measuring the seed vigor is to boil water to obtain boiling water with a water temperature of 100°C, take 100 ml of boiling water and put it into the beaker, then put the thermometer into the beaker, and immediately pour tap water slowly. When the water temperature reaches the required water temperature for testing, immediately put 20 seeds in. After 2 seconds, the seeds without water droplets can be counted with the naked eye, and the rest are the seeds with water droplets. Some seeds have 2 water droplets, which are recorded separately.

[0066] The seeds after measurement are placed in an artificial climate chamber to measure the germination rate. The temperature in the chamber is 28 - 30°C. The seeds show chest-breaking on the first day, germination on the second day, and basically complete germination on the third day.

[0067] The results of measuring the vigor of rice seeds are shown in Table 2:

[0068] Table 2 Results of measuring the vigor and germination rate of rice seeds

[0069]

[0070] In the test experiment, the observed results are as follows:

[0071] The control (ck) is tap water. When the seeds are put in, they sink slowly and some float on the water surface. It is necessary to roll them a few times with a glass rod to make them sink.

[0072] When measuring at a water temperature of 35 - 45°C, when the seeds are put into the water, they float on the water surface and sink slowly, affecting the consistency of the measurement time.

[0073] When measuring at a water temperature of 50 - 83°C, when the seeds are put into the water, they sink quickly (the higher the temperature, the faster they sink), with good consistency, which is conducive to visual observation and shortens the detection time. For indica rice, 50 - 83°C is finally selected as the suitable water temperature condition for measurement. Under this water temperature condition, it does not affect the vitality after measurement, and the seeds put in can sink quickly, and water droplets visible to the naked eye appear on the seeds.

[0074] It can be seen from this that suitable high-temperature treatment has fast measurement, short time, and high accuracy.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] Influence results of measuring different rice types at different water temperatures

[0077] Detect different rice varieties at different water temperatures.

[0078] The indica rice variety "Meixiangzhan", the japonica rice variety "Dongye 1", and the javanica rice variety "African Glabrous Rice" are involved in the measurement. They are measured in 4 groups. The order of each group in the table is "Meixiangzhan 1", "Dongye 1 2", "Glabrous Rice 3".

[0079] The specific measurement method is the same as that in Example 1. Four temperature gradients are set: 25°C, 75°C, 80°C, and 83°C.

[0080] On April 12, a seed vigor measurement experiment was carried out. After measuring the seed vigor, the seeds were put into an incubator at 16:07 for a germination test. The varieties are Meixiangzhan, Dongye 1, and African Glabrous Rice. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0081] Table 3 Results of measuring the vigor and germination rate of rice seeds

[0082]

[0083] From the observation of the results, it can be seen that at different temperatures, the water droplets appearing on indica rice seeds are small, while those on japonica rice seeds are large, nearly twice as large. The water droplets on javanica rice seeds are between those of indica and japonica rice. At high temperatures, the water droplets appearing on the seeds disappear quickly, about 30 s, but this does not affect the judgment of the results.

[0084] From the perspective of germination, temperatures above 80 °C affect the germination of japonica rice, and japonica rice cannot germinate. 83 °C affects the germination rates of indica rice and javanica rice, with the greatest impact on javanica rice (under the high temperature condition of 83 °C, only 50% of indica rice germinates, japonica rice does not germinate, and the germination rate of javanica rice is 20%). That is to say, above 80 °C, using the measurement method of the present invention, the accuracy of the measured germination rate decreases (the degree of influence is japonica rice > indica rice > javanica rice). When the temperature is 75 °C, the detection accuracy of all types of rice is high.

[0085] Combined with the results of Example 2, it can be seen that 75 °C is the most suitable measurement temperature.

[0086] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly determining the vitality of rice seeds, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The rice seeds are immersed in water for testing, and the rice seeds with water droplets on the surface of the seeds are determined to be seeds with vitality; the temperature of the water is 50-83°C.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the water is 70-80°C.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the water was 75°C.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83°C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C; when the rice is Java rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The initial temperature of the water is greater than 83° C. When the temperature drops to any value between 50 and 83° C., seeds are immediately placed therein for measurement.

6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in determining rice seed vigor.

7. A method for measuring rice seed vigor based on the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The rice seeds are immersed in water for testing. The higher the proportion of rice seeds with water droplets on the seed surface, the higher the seed vitality of the tested rice seeds. The temperature of the water is 50-83°C.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in predicting the germination rate of rice seeds.

9. A method for predicting seed germination rate based on the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The rice seeds were immersed in water for observation, the number of rice seeds with water droplets on the surface of the seeds was counted, and the germination rate was calculated according to Formula I; Germination rate = the number of rice seeds that produce water droplets / the total number of seeds for measurement × 100%; The temperature of the water is 50-83°C.

10. The method according to claim 7 or 9, characterized in that: When the rice is indica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-83°C; when the rice is japonica rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C; when the rice is Java rice, the temperature of the water is 50-80°C.

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