Latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive heat management gasification reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a latent heat integrated solar driven fluidized bed self-adaptive heat management gasification reactor which comprises a fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity, an absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module and a supporting component. The supporting component comprises a heat insulation top cover, a heat insulation side wall, a supporting floor, a SiC packaging shell and a heat preservation material. The absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module comprises a composite phase change material, a porous absorber and a condensation radiation absorption surface. The high-thermal-conductivity composite phase-change material is used for storing heat under continuous irradiation of solar radiation, the gasification reaction temperature is maintained in the solar intermittent period, it is guaranteed that the thermal chemical reaction is relatively stable, side reactions are reduced, and therefore the quality of synthesis gas is improved. The non-uniform design of the absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module can effectively improve the internal temperature uniformity of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, and avoids the influence on the cycle life of an internal assembly due to thermal stress generated by too high temperature difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of new energy utilization, and in particular to a latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy has become a key force in promoting low-carbon emission reduction and moving towards net zero emissions. my country's energy structure is characterized by "rich in coal and less in gas", and coal is still one of the main sources of energy. If large-scale direct access to renewable energy is achieved, it may have a huge impact on the existing energy system.

[0003] Using solar energy to drive the gasification reaction of coal and biomass can not only avoid the impact of direct access of new energy to the power grid, but also give full play to my country's traditional energy advantages, achieve efficient storage of solar energy, and promote clean and efficient use and conversion of coal. It is an ideal solution for energy transformation.

[0004] In practical applications, fluidized bed reactors for coal have the advantages of wide adaptability to raw materials, uniform gas-solid mixing, and moderate gasification temperature, and have broad prospects in the field of clean utilization of coal driven by solar energy. However, unlike the traditional self-heating method of coal gasification, solar energy is intermittent, which can cause large fluctuations in the heat source. The fluctuation of the heat source makes the coal gasification process in the reactor unstable and reduces the efficiency of the reactor. At the same time, drastic temperature changes can also cause uneven distribution of products, significantly shortening the service life of the device. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of poor stability and low efficiency of fluidized bed reactors caused by fluctuations in solar heat sources. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor to solve the current technical problems of poor stability and low efficiency of fluidized bed reactors caused by fluctuations in solar heat sources.

[0006] The invention discloses a latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, comprising: a fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber, an integrated latent heat absorption and storage module, and a supporting component.

[0007] (1) Support components

[0008] The support component includes: a heat-insulating top cover, a heat-insulating side wall, a support floor, a SiC encapsulation shell, and thermal insulation materials. The heat-insulating top cover is located at the top of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. The heat-insulating side wall is located at the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. The thermal insulation materials are located between the SiC encapsulation shell and the heat-insulating top cover, and between the SiC encapsulation shell and the heat-insulating side wall. The thermal insulation materials, the heat-insulating top cover, and the heat-insulating side wall are used to isolate the internal heat of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor from the outside. The heat-insulating top cover and the heat-insulating side wall, and the heat-insulating side wall and the support floor are connected by bolt fasteners, which is convenient for disassembly.

[0009] (2) Fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber

[0010] The fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber is directly connected to the gasifier inlet and the raw material inlet. The gasifier inlet is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Gasifiers such as water vapor and air enter the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber through the gasifier inlet provided with a porous partition. The raw material inlet is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Raw materials such as low-rank coal or biomass enter from the raw material inlet on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Under the action of a strong gas flow, the raw materials and the gasifier are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber, forming a fluidized mixture. In the high-temperature environment generated by solar radiation, the raw materials and the gasifier undergo a gasification reaction, and the generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet provided with a porous partition at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. The entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber is wrapped by the SiC shell encapsulation shell in the support component. The SiC shell encapsulation shell not only plays a role in support and heat conduction, but also separates the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber from other components.

[0011] (3) Integrated heat absorption and storage latent heat integration module

[0012] The integrated heat absorption and storage latent heat integration module includes: a composite phase change material, a porous absorber, and a concentrating radiation absorption surface.

[0013] The concentrating radiation absorption surface is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. The concentrating radiation absorption surface is coated with a layer of selective coating. The selective coating can achieve an absorption rate of 0.95 for concentrating radiation, while only having an infrared emissivity of 0.078. Using the selective coating can improve the absorption of solar radiation by the device and avoid a sharp increase in radiation heat dissipation caused by high temperature.

[0014] The porous absorber is arranged on the inner layer of the condensing radiation absorption surface at the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, and can distribute the absorbed solar radiation to the entire fluidized bed reactor, avoiding damage to the device caused by thermal stress due to local overheating. The porous absorber is arranged on the inner layer of the thermal insulation material in the support component at the part of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor where the condensing radiation absorption surface is not provided. In the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the SiC encapsulation shell is located on the inner layer of the porous absorber, that is, between the porous absorber and the composite phase change material, and is used to transfer the solar energy absorbed by the porous absorber to the composite phase change material.

[0015] The composite phase change material is arranged on the outer layer of the fluidized bed reaction cavity, and the composite phase change material and the fluidized bed reaction cavity are separated by the SiC encapsulation shell; the composite phase change material is arranged on the inner layer of the porous absorber, and the composite phase change material and the porous absorber are separated by the SiC encapsulation shell. The SiC encapsulation shell is used to transfer the solar energy absorbed by the porous absorber to the composite phase change material, and then further transfer the solar energy to the fluidized bed reaction cavity.

[0016] The composite phase change material includes a framework and a phase change material. The framework is a screen structure, and the phase change material is embedded between the frameworks.

[0017] The composite phase change material is a high thermal conductivity material, which is used to provide heat for the fluidized bed reaction cavity during the solar intermittent period to maintain the reaction stability. Under continuous solar radiation, the condensing radiation absorption surface can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy, and the heat energy is distributed and transferred to the composite phase change material through the porous absorber. Under the action of the heat energy, the composite phase change material undergoes a phase change, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat, and at the same time, the heat is further transferred to the fluidized bed reaction cavity to maintain the gasification reaction in the fluidized bed reaction cavity. During the solar intermittent period, the heat provided by the condensing radiation absorption surface is lost. At this time, the latent heat stored in the composite phase change material will release heat, and the heat enters the fluidized bed reaction cavity to maintain the continuation of the gasification reaction.

[0018] At the part of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor where the condensing radiation absorption surface is not provided, from the inner layer to the outer layer in sequence are: the fluidized bed reaction cavity, the SiC encapsulation shell, the composite phase change material, the SiC encapsulation shell, the porous absorber, the thermal insulation material, and the heat insulation side wall.

[0019] At the position where a concentrated radiation absorption surface is arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, from the inner layer to the outer layer, they are in sequence: fluidized bed reaction cavity, SiC encapsulation shell, composite phase change material, SiC encapsulation shell, porous absorber, concentrated radiation absorption surface.

[0020] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, in order to achieve the efficient utilization of the composite phase change material, the composite phase change material adopts a non-uniform design in both the axial and circumferential directions. The non-uniform design of the composite phase change material in the circumferential direction includes: the pore parameters of the skeleton, such as the gradient changes of porosity and pore density, and the changes in the types of skeleton materials and phase change materials. The non-uniform design of the composite phase change material in the axial direction includes: the pore parameters of the skeleton, such as the gradient changes of porosity and pore density, and the changes in the types of skeleton materials and phase change materials; it also includes the changes in the axial shape parameters of the composite phase change material, such as using a conical surface like a paraboloid.

[0021] Gradient change design of the skeleton porosity: Arrange the skeleton with high porosity near the light-receiving surface of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, which can increase the amount of composite phase change material in the relevant area, so that more heat can be stored inside the relevant area. Arrange the skeleton with low porosity on the backlight side of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. Increasing the skeleton on the backlight side can better transfer the heat near the light-receiving surface to the inside of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, which is beneficial to the temperature uniformity inside the entire latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor.

[0022] The working principle of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor is as follows:

[0023] (1) Continuous irradiation of solar radiation

[0024] The gasifying agent inlet is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Gasifying agents such as water vapor and air enter the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber through the gasifying agent inlet provided with a porous partition. The raw material inlet is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Raw materials such as low-rank coal or biomass enter from the raw material inlet on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Under the action of a strong gas flow, the raw materials and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber, forming a fluidized mixture. Under continuous solar radiation, the concentrated radiation absorption surface can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. The heat energy is distributed through the porous absorber and transferred to the composite phase change material. Under the action of the heat energy, the composite phase change material undergoes a phase change, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat. At the same time, the heat is further transferred to the fluidized bed reaction chamber, where the raw materials and the gasifying agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature. The generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet provided with a porous partition at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber.

[0025] (2) During the solar energy intermittency

[0026] The gasifying agent inlet is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Gasifying agents such as water vapor and air enter the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber through the gasifying agent inlet provided with a porous partition. The raw material inlet is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Raw materials such as low-rank coal or biomass enter from the raw material inlet on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber. Under the action of a strong gas flow, the raw materials and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber, forming a fluidized mixture. Under continuous solar radiation, the concentrated radiation absorption surface can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. The heat energy is distributed through the porous absorber and transferred to the composite phase change material. Under the action of the heat energy, the composite phase change material undergoes a phase change, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat. During the solar energy intermittency, the heat provided by the concentrated radiation absorption surface is lost. At this time, the latent heat stored in the composite phase change material will release heat, and the heat enters the fluidized bed reaction chamber to maintain the gasification reaction to continue. In the fluidized bed reaction chamber, the raw materials and the gasifying agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature. The generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet provided with a porous partition at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber.

[0027] One or more technical solutions in the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0028] 1. The latent heat series integration design in the solar-driven fluidized bed gasification reactor has the following actual effects: By using high thermal conductivity composite phase change materials to store heat under continuous solar radiation, the gasification reaction temperature can be maintained during the intermittent period of solar energy, ensuring relatively stable thermochemical reactions in the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, reducing the occurrence of side reactions, and thus improving the quality of syngas; On the premise of ensuring the operation of the gasification reaction, the temperature of the entire latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor is maintained at a relatively low level, reducing the overall heat loss of the reactor, and further improving the solar energy-chemical energy conversion efficiency and system thermal efficiency.

[0029] 2. The composite phase change material adopts a non-uniform design in both the axial and circumferential directions. The actual effect is as follows: A non-uniform design of the absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module is carried out according to the surface radiation characteristics of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, which can maximize the utilization of the composite phase change material; At the same time, the non-uniform design can effectively improve the internal temperature uniformity of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, avoiding the influence of thermal stress on the component cycle life due to excessive temperature difference of internal components. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor

[0031] Figure 2 Overall schematic diagram of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the non-uniform design of the composite phase change material.

[0034] Figure 5 Average temperature inside the fluidized bed during the operation of the example and the control fluidized bed without composite phase change heat storage material at high temperature.

[0035] Reference numerals: Fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity - 1, Condensing radiation absorption surface - 2, Porous absorber - 3, SiC encapsulation shell - 4, Composite phase change material - 5, Thermal insulation material - 6, Heat insulation top cover - 7, Heat insulation side wall - 8, Support floor - 9, Gasifier inlet - 101, Feed inlet - 102, Gas outlet - 103. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0036] The following uses an embodiment to elaborate on a latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor proposed by the present invention. This embodiment is the best implementation mode of the present invention, but is not limited thereto.

[0037] Embodiment

[0038] A latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor of the present invention includes: a fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1, a heat absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module, and a support component. The entire latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor has a diameter of 360 mm and a height of 870 mm. The main body size of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 is a diameter of 46.8 mm and a height of 600 mm.

[0039] (1) Support component

[0040] The support component includes: a heat insulation top cover 7, a heat insulation side wall 8, a support floor 9, a SiC encapsulation shell 4, and a thermal insulation material 6. The heat insulation top cover 7 is located at the top of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the heat insulation side wall 8 is located at the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, and the thermal insulation material 6 is located between the SiC encapsulation shell 4 and the heat insulation top cover 7, and between the SiC encapsulation shell 4 and the heat insulation side wall 8. SiC has the properties of high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. The thermal insulation material 6 is SiC@SiO 2 aerogel, with a thermal conductivity of 0.021 W / (m·K). The heat insulation top cover 7 and the heat insulation side wall 8 are used to isolate the internal heat of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor from the outside. The heat insulation top cover 7 and the heat insulation side wall 8, and the heat insulation side wall 8 and the support floor 9 are connected by bolt fasteners for easy disassembly.

[0041] (2) Fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1

[0042] The fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 is directly connected to the gasifier inlet 101 and the raw material inlet 102. The gasifier inlet 101 is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. Gasifiers such as water vapor and air enter the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 through the gasifier inlet 101 provided with a porous partition. The raw material inlet 102 is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. The raw material is low-rank coal, which enters from the raw material inlet 102 on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. Under the action of a strong air flow, the low-rank coal and the gasifier are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 to form a fluidized mixture. In the high-temperature environment generated by solar radiation, the low-rank coal and the gasifier undergo a gasification reaction, and the generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet 103 provided with a porous partition at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. The entire fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 is wrapped by the SiC shell encapsulation shell 4 in the support component.

[0043] (3) Integrated latent heat storage and absorption module

[0044] The integrated latent heat storage and absorption module includes: a composite phase change material 5, a porous absorber 3, and a concentrating radiation absorption surface 2.

[0045] The concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. The concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 is coated with a layer of selective coating. The selective coating can achieve an absorption rate of 0.95 for concentrating radiation, while only having an infrared emissivity of 0.078.

[0046] The porous absorber 3 is arranged on the inner layer of the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 at the position where the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 is arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. At the position where the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 is not arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the porous absorber 3 is arranged on the inner layer of the thermal insulation material 6 in the support member. In the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the SiC encapsulation shell 4 is located on the inner layer of the porous absorber 3, that is, between the porous absorber 3 and the composite phase change material 5.

[0047] The composite phase change material 5 is arranged on the outer layer of the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1. The composite phase change material 5 and the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1 are separated by the SiC encapsulation shell 4; the composite phase change material 5 is arranged on the inner layer of the porous absorber 3. The composite phase change material 5 and the porous absorber 3 are separated by the SiC encapsulation shell 4. The SiC encapsulation shell 4 is used to transfer the solar energy absorbed by the porous absorber 3 to the composite phase change material 5, and then further transfer the solar energy to the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1.

[0048] The composite phase change material 5 includes a skeleton and a phase change material. The skeleton is a screen structure, and the phase change material is embedded between the skeletons. The skeleton material is SiC.

[0049] The composite phase change material 5 is a high thermal conductivity material NaMgF 3 , with a phase change temperature of 1295K and a phase change latent heat of 670 kJ / kg. Under continuous solar radiation, the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. The heat energy is distributed by the porous absorber 3 and transferred to the composite phase change material 5. Under the action of the heat energy, the composite phase change material 5 undergoes a phase change, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat. At the same time, the heat is further transferred to the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1 to maintain the gasification reaction in the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1. During the solar energy intermittent period, losing the heat provided by the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2, at this time, the latent heat stored in the composite phase change material 5 will release heat, and the heat enters the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1 to maintain the continuation of the gasification reaction.

[0050] In the part of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor where the concentrated radiation absorption surface 2 is not provided, from the inner layer to the outer layer, they are in turn: the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1, the SiC encapsulation shell 4, the composite phase change material 5, the SiC encapsulation shell 4, the porous absorber 3, the thermal insulation material 6, and the heat insulation side wall 8.

[0051] In the part of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor where the concentrated radiation absorption surface 2 is provided, from the inner layer to the outer layer, they are in turn: the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1, the SiC encapsulation shell 4, the composite phase change material 5, the SiC encapsulation shell 4, the porous absorber 3, and the concentrated radiation absorption surface 2.

[0052] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, in order to achieve the efficient utilization of the composite phase change material in the present invention, the composite phase change material 5 adopts a non-uniform design in both the axial and circumferential directions.

[0053] Non-uniform design of the composite phase change material 5 in the axial direction: The axial shape of the composite phase change material 5 adopts a paraboloid or other conical surfaces.

[0054] Gradient change design of the skeleton porosity: Arrange the skeleton with a high porosity near the light-receiving surface of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor. Arrange the skeleton with a low porosity on the backlight side of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor.

[0055] The working principle of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor is as follows:

[0056] (1) Continuous solar radiation

[0057] The gasifier inlet 101 is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. The gasifying agent such as water vapor and air enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1 through the gasifier inlet 101 provided with a porous partition. The raw material inlet 102 is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. The raw material is low-rank coal and enters from the raw material inlet 102 on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1. Under the action of a strong gas flow, the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity 1, forming a fluidized mixture. Under continuous solar radiation, the concentrated radiation absorption surface 2 can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. The heat energy is distributed through the porous absorber 3 and transferred to the composite phase change material 5. The composite phase change material 5 is NaMgF 3, a phase change occurs under the action of heat energy, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat. At the same time, the heat is further transferred to the fluidized bed reaction chamber 1, where the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature. When the low-rank coal is stably gasified, the average temperature of the fluidized bed reaction chamber 1 needs to be stabilized above 1200K. The generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet 103 with a porous partition plate provided at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1.

[0058] (2) During the solar energy intermittent period

[0059] The gasifying agent inlet 101 is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1. The gasifying agent such as water vapor and air enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1 through the gasifying agent inlet 101 with a porous partition plate. The raw material inlet 102 is located on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1. The raw material is low-rank coal, which enters from the raw material inlet 102 on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1. Under the action of a strong air flow, the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1, forming a fluidized mixture. Under the continuous irradiation of solar radiation, the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. The heat energy is distributed through the porous absorber 3 and transferred to the composite phase change material 5. The composite phase change material 5 is NaMgF 3 , a phase change occurs under the action of heat energy, thereby storing the heat in the form of latent heat. During the solar energy intermittent period, the heat provided by the concentrating radiation absorption surface 2 is lost. At this time, the composite phase change material NaMgF 3 The stored latent heat will release heat, and the heat enters the fluidized bed reaction chamber 1 to maintain the gasification reaction to continue. In the fluidized bed reaction chamber 1, the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature. In this embodiment, the change in the average temperature of the fluidized bed reaction chamber 1 does not exceed 50K and is always maintained above 1173.15K, thus effectively ensuring the progress of the internal low-rank coal gasification reaction. The generated syngas flows out and is collected through the gas outlet 103 with a porous partition plate provided at the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber 1.

[0060] Comparative example

[0061] The comparative example does not set the composite phase change material 5, and the other components are the same as those in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Such as Figure 5As shown, the comparative example and the example have the same irradiation conditions, and the average temperature of the fluidized bed is stable above 1200K during the stable gasification of low-rank coal. During the 15-minute solar intermittent process, due to the lack of the necessary heat storage component, i.e., the composite phase change material 5, in the comparative example, the temperature of the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1 drops rapidly after losing external irradiation. Affected by this, the internal gasification reaction rate decreases, and at the same time, by-products are generated due to the drastic temperature change. In contrast, thanks to the stable heat supply of the composite phase change material 5, the change in the average temperature in the fluidized bed reaction cavity 1 in the example does not exceed 50K and always remains above 1173.15K, thus effectively ensuring the progress of the internal low-rank coal gasification reaction.

Claims

1. A latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, characterized in that: include: Fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), integrated latent heat absorption and storage module, and supporting components; The supporting component comprises a SiC packaging shell (4), a heat-insulating material (6), and a heat-insulating side wall (8); the integrated latent heat absorption and storage module comprises a composite phase change material (5), a porous absorber (3), and a concentrated radiation absorption surface (2); The concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor; the part of the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor where the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is not arranged comprises, from the inner layer to the outer layer: a fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), a SiC packaging shell (4), a composite phase change material (5), a SiC packaging shell (4), a porous absorber (3), a thermal insulation material (6), and a thermal insulation side wall (8); The part where the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor comprises, from the inner layer to the outer layer: a fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), a SiC packaging shell (4), a composite phase change material (5), a SiC packaging shell (4), a porous absorber (3), and a concentrated radiation absorption surface (2); The composite phase change material (5) adopts a non-uniform design in both the axial and circumferential directions.

2. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support component comprises a heat-insulating top cover (7) and a support floor (9); the heat-insulating top cover (7) is located at the top of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the heat-insulating side wall (8) is located at the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, and the thermal insulation material (6) is located between the SiC packaging shell (4) and the heat-insulating top cover (7), and between the SiC packaging shell (4) and the heat-insulating side wall (8); the heat-insulating top cover (7) and the heat-insulating side wall (8) are used to isolate the internal heat of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor from the outside; the heat-insulating top cover (7) and the heat-insulating side wall (8), and the heat-insulating side wall (8) and the support floor (9) are connected by bolt fasteners for easy disassembly.

3. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) is directly connected to a gasifying agent inlet (101) and a raw material inlet (102); the gasifying agent inlet (101) is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and a gasifying agent such as water vapor or air enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) through the gasifying agent inlet (101) provided with a porous partition; the raw material inlet (102) is located at the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and the raw material enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) from the raw material inlet (102) at the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1). 102) enters; under the action of strong airflow, the raw material and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) to form a fluidized mixture; in the high-temperature environment generated by solar radiation, the raw material and the gasifying agent undergo a gasification reaction, and the generated synthesis gas flows out through a gas outlet (103) provided with a porous partition at the top of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) and is collected; the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) is wrapped by a SiC shell packaging shell (4) in the supporting component.

4. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentrated radiation absorbing surface (2) is coated with a layer of selective coating, which can achieve an absorption rate of 0.95 for concentrated radiation and only has an infrared emissivity of 0.

078.

5. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous absorber (3) is arranged in the inner layer of the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) at the position where the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor; in the position where the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is not arranged on the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the porous absorber (3) is arranged in the inner layer of the thermal insulation material (6) in the supporting component; in the side wall of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, the SiC packaging shell (4) is located in the inner layer of the porous absorber (3), that is, between the porous absorber (3) and the composite phase change material (5).

6. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite phase change material (5) is arranged on the outer layer of the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), and the composite phase change material (5) and the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1) are separated by a SiC packaging shell (4); the composite phase change material (5) is arranged on the inner layer of the porous absorber (3), and the composite phase change material (5) and the porous absorber (3) are separated by the SiC packaging shell (4); the SiC packaging shell (4) is used to transfer solar energy absorbed by the porous absorber (3) to the composite phase change material (5), and then further transfer the solar energy to the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1).

7. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite phase change material (5) comprises a skeleton and a phase change material; the skeleton is a mesh structure, the phase change material is embedded between the skeletons, the skeleton material is SiC, the composite phase change material (5) is a high thermal conductivity material NaMgF3, the phase change temperature is 1295K, and the phase change latent heat is 670kJ / kg; the thermal insulation material (6) is SiC@SiO2 aerogel, and the thermal conductivity is 0.021W / (m·K); the raw material can be low-rank coal or biomass.

8. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the non-uniform design of the composite phase change material in the circumferential direction includes: pore parameters of the skeleton, such as gradient changes in porosity and pore density, and changes in the types of skeleton materials and phase change materials; the non-uniform design of the composite phase change material in the axial direction includes: pore parameters of the skeleton, such as gradient changes in porosity and pore density, and changes in the types of skeleton materials and phase change materials; and also includes changes in the axial shape parameters of the composite phase change material, such as the use of conical surfaces such as paraboloids.

9. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gradient change design of the skeleton porosity is as follows: the skeleton with high porosity is arranged near the light-receiving surface of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor; the skeleton with low porosity is arranged on the backlight surface of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor.

10. The latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The working principle of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed adaptive thermal management gasification reactor is as follows: (1) Continuous exposure to solar radiation The gasifying agent inlet (101) is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and the gasifying agent such as water vapor and air enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) through the gasifying agent inlet (101) provided with a porous partition; the raw material inlet (102) is located at the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and the raw material is low-rank coal and enters from the raw material inlet (102) on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1); under the action of strong airflow, the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) to form a fluidized mixture; under the continuous irradiation of solar radiation, the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) can absorb solar energy. and converted into thermal energy, which is distributed and transferred to the composite phase change material (5) via the porous absorber (3); the composite phase change material (5) is NaMgF3, which undergoes phase change under the action of thermal energy, thereby storing heat in the form of latent heat, and at the same time the heat is further transferred to the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), where the low-rank coal and the gasification agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature in the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), and when the low-rank coal is stably gasified, the average temperature of the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1) needs to be stabilized above 1200K; the generated synthesis gas flows out through a gas outlet (103) provided with a porous baffle at the top of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) and is collected; (2) During intermittent periods of solar energy The gasifying agent inlet (101) is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and the gasifying agent such as water vapor and air enters the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) through the gasifying agent inlet (101) provided with a porous partition; the raw material inlet (102) is located at the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1), and the raw material is low-rank coal and enters from the raw material inlet (102) on the side of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1); under the action of strong airflow, the low-rank coal and the gasifying agent are fully mixed and fill the entire fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) to form a fluidized mixture; under the continuous irradiation of solar radiation, the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy, and the heat energy is distributed and transferred to the composite phase change material (5) through the porous absorber (3); the composite phase change material (5) The composite phase change material NaMgF3 undergoes a phase change under the action of thermal energy, thereby storing heat in the form of latent heat. During the intermittent period of solar energy, the heat provided by the concentrated radiation absorption surface (2) is lost. At this time, the latent heat stored in the composite phase change material NaMgF3 will release heat, and the heat enters the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1) to maintain the gasification reaction. In the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1), low-rank coal and the gasification agent undergo a gasification reaction under the action of high temperature. In this embodiment, the average temperature of the fluidized bed reaction chamber (1) does not change by more than 50K and is always maintained above 1173.15K, thereby effectively ensuring the internal low-rank coal gasification reaction. The generated synthesis gas flows out through a gas outlet (103) provided with a porous partition at the top of the fluidized bed gasification reaction chamber (1) and is collected.

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